【二轮专题】第13讲状语从句-高考英语语法精讲课件

这是一份【二轮专题】第13讲状语从句-高考英语语法精讲课件，共25页。PPT课件主要包含了高考链接，年备考建议，状语从句综合巩固练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Q：状语是什么呢?A：状语修饰动词、形容词副词或整个句子，通常由副词介词短语、动词不定式、分词、从句等充当。状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句或句中。
Obviusly, ur grand parents were pleased t get ur phne call.显然，我们的爷爷、奶奶很愿意接我们的电话。(副词)Wee wrked hard, frm sunrise t sunset.我们努力工作，日出而作，日落而息。(介词短语)T help my disabled aunt, I spend an hur wrking in her huse every day.为了帮助我残疾的姑妈，我每天花上一个小时在她家里帮忙。(不定式)Seen frm a distance, the farmhuse lked deserted.从远处看，这座农舍似乎是荒废的。(过去分词)It rained heavily, causing severe flding in that city.大雨滂沱，造成了那个城市洪水泛滥。(现在分词)I knw hw t light a camp fire because I had dne it befre.我知道如何生篝火，因为以前我做过。(原因状语从句)
Q：状语从句是什么呢?A：状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)指用作状语、起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词司)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。形式1：主句(，)连词+状语从句形式2：连词+状语从句，主句He is absent tday, because he is ill. 他今天缺席，因为他病了。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。另外，状语从句有时放在主语和动词之间，造成分隔现象。Anyne, n matter wh, may pint ut ur shrtcming.任何人，不管是谁，都可能会指出我们的不足之处。(主语 anyne 与动词 may pint ut 被状语从句 n matter wh 分隔)
考点1：状语从句常见引导词根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。常用引导词如下表：
1. when的用法(1) when 表示时间点和时间段。有时相当于 as sn as/immediately/instantly/directly 等词的意思。when 用于固定结构 此时 when 可换作 befre。注意：当把hardly/scarcely 放句首时，句子需部分倒装。We will start when the mnitr cmes. 班长一来，我们就出发。I had hardly arrived hme last night when it began t rain.=Hardly had I arrived hmelast night when it began t rain. 昨晚我一到家，就开始下雨了。(2) when 有时可译为如果，相当于 if，引导条件状语从句。Smg will be distant frm us when everyne fights against pllutin.如果人人反对污染，雾霾就会远离我们。
(3) when 可作并列连词引导并列分句，意为”突然…”或”这时…”、表示一个动作“正在发生”、“即将发生”、“刚刚完成”时突然插入另一个动作。When 相当于：and just time 或 and just at that time， 常用于下列三种句型：was/were ；was/were abut t d (n the pint f ding)；had dne…when… 例如：I was walking alng the river when I heard a drwning by crying fr help.我正沿着河边走，突然听到一个溺水儿童的呼救。I was abut t g ut when an unexpected visitr came.我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。We had just planted 100 trees when it began t rain.我们刚刚栽完100棵树，就开始下雨了。
2. while 的用法while 表示时间段，作并列连词，表示前后对比。while 引导的让步状语从句多放在句首，相当于 althugh，表示“尽管，虽然”。There‘s plenty f rain in the sutheast, while there's little in the nrtheast.东南部雨量充足，而东北部则很少下雨。While I understand what yu say, I can’t agree with yu.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不能赞同你。
注意①when 引导的时间状语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末；而 while 引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首，不放在句末；另外，也可以从意义上加以区分。②while 和 when 都可以引导时间状语从句，但应注意：while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词；而 when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，while 和 when 可以互相替换。例如：The bus had left when we arrived at the bus stp. 当我们到达车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。(arrive是非延续性动词，因此，此句中的 when 不能用 while 替换 )When/While we were having a meeting, ur teacher came in. 我们正在开会时，老师走了进来。(have 是延续性动词，因此，句中的 when 可以用 while 替换)③while 引导的状语从句还可以表示某个动作正在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行之中，例如：While the teacher was speaking, the students were listening. 老师在讲课，学生们在听。
3. as的用法(1) as 与 when，while 都是引导时间状语从句的从属连词，含义都是“当…的时候”。As 意为 at the same time that”正当…；与…同时”，它兼指“时间点”和“时间段”，从句的动词既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性动词，意为“一边...一边…”，“随着…”。The dr bell rang as we were having breakfast. 正当我们吃早饭的时候，门铃响了。As the time went n (=With the time ging n), the weather gt wrse and wrse.随着时间的推移，天气越来越糟。
(2) while 意为 during the time that“在…期间”，指一个“时间段”，不能表达“时间点”，从句的动词只限于延续性动词；when 意为 at the time that“在…时”，多指“时间点”。Strike while the irn is ht. 趁热打铁。It was snwing when he arrived at the cnstructin site. 他到达工地时正在下雪。(3) As 可以引导让步状语从句。as 与 althugh (或 thugh)，hwever (或 n matter hw)等都可以引导让步状语从句，含义是“虽然，尽管”，但它们有区别：Althugh 语气稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用 but，但可以用 yet； as 所表达的语气较强，引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序；hwever 引导让步状语从句时，它的后面可跟形容词或副词，也要用倒装语序。Strange as it may seem, nbdy was injured in the accident.
Yung as he is, he knws everything. 尽管小，他什么都知道。还可表达为：Thugh he is yung, he knws everything.Yung thugh he is, he knws everything.Althugh he is yung, he knws everything.Hwever yung he is, he knws everything.另外，thugh 还可以作为副词，意为”可是，然而，不过；话虽这样说”，一般位于句尾。I wish yu had tld me, thugh.不过，我希望你曾告诉过我。He said he wuld cme, he didn’t, thugh. 他说他要来，可是他并没有来。另外，as 还可以引导原因状语从句。As rain has fallen, the air is cler. 因为下过雨，空气比较清爽。
4. s/such... that...均可引导结果状语从句该句型中的 such 是形容词，修饰名词；s是副词，修饰形容词或副词，具体的搭配形式是：s+adj./adv.+that；s+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that；such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that。He speaks s fast that n ne can catch him. 他说话太快，无人听得明白。He's such a gd persn that we mustn't blame him.他是这么好的人，我们千万不要怪他。
There is s rapid an increase (=such a rapid increase) in ppulatin that a fd shrtageis caused. 人口增长如此迅速，以致造成了粮食短缺。They are such fine teachers that we all hld them in great respect.他们是非常好的老师，我们对他们极为尊敬。It is such nice weather that I wuld like t g t the beach. 天气如此好，我想去海滩。The cuntry has s much cal that it can exprt large quantities. 那个国家的煤炭非常丰富，可以大量出口。(s 与表示数量的代词 many，few，much，little 等连用已经形成固定搭配，不能换用 such)
5. It 从句归纳相似句型结构注意事项及举例：
6. 其他连词(或副词、名词)after 在…之后befre 在…之前since 自从…(引导时间状语从句，主句需使用完成时态)nce 一旦…(也可用作副词，意为为“曾经，一度”)whenever 无论何时，每当…immediately/directly 一…就…(相当于 as sn as，个别语法学家已经赋予这类副词连词词性)the mment/minute 每当…/一…就…(相当于 as sn as)each/every time 每当…
例如：Where have yu been1 since I last saw yu? 自从我上次见到你以后，你到哪儿去了？Once yu understand this rule, yu'll have n further difficulty.一旦你明白了这条规则，就再也没有困难了。Whenever I hear that sng, it makes me think f yu.每当我听到那首歌，我就会想起你。I came immediately/directly I gt yur message. 一收到你的消息，我就来了。He said he'd phne yu the mment he gt hme. 他说他一到家就会给你打电话。I meet up with Julie every time I g t Washingtn.每次我去华盛顿的时候，我都会见朱莉。
考点2：状语从句的时态和语气状语从句主句和从句的时态要保持一致。注意下列情况：1. “主将从现”的原则在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句是一般将来时/祈使句/含有情态动词原形，从句要使用一般现在时态。但 will 在表示意愿时，可用于上述状语从句。I'll tell him the gd news as sn as he cmes back tmrrw.他明天一回来我就会告诉他这个好消息。G n until yu reach the bridge. 继续前行，直至你走到桥边。If yu wrk hard, yu can pass the examinatin. 如果你努力学习，你就能通过考试。If yu will wait, I'll g and ask the manager. 如果你愿意等，我就去问问经理。
2. N (scarcely) 句型的时态问题N 、hardly (scarcely)表示”一…就…”，引导时间状语从句，主句须用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。N sner/hardly (scarcely) 位于句首时，主句需倒装。He had n sner been there than I tld him abut it. 他一来，我就告诉他了。N sner had he been here than I tld him abut it. 他一来，我就告诉他了。
3. as if (thugh) 引导的方式状语从句的时态和语气问题as if (thugh) 引导方式状语从句，若所述情况可能性小，谓语动词用虚拟语气，时态在原基础上向过去退一步。若从句所述情况可能实现，则用陈述语气。He speaks t me ludly as if I were deaf. 他大声冲我说话，好像我是个聋子。(实际不是)It is blwing hard as if it is ging t rain. 风很大，好像要下雨了。(真要下雨)
4. if 引导的条件状语从句的时态和语气问题if 引导的条件状语从句，表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。if 还可以引导虚拟条件句，表示不可实现的条件，从句中多用一般过去时或过去完成时。If I had enugh mney, I shuld (wuld) buy the car.如果我有足够的钱，我就会买下这辆车。(事实上现在钱不够)If I had gt up earlier I shuld (wuld) have met her.如果我起床早一些的话，我就会遇见她了。(事实上我起床晚了)If he wuld cme here tmrrw, I shuld (wuld) talk t him.如果他明天来这里的话，我就会和他谈一谈。(事实上他明天来的可能性极小)
考点3：状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件：①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为 it；②从句主要动词是 be 的某种形式，从句中的主语和 be 动词常可省略，这样使得语言更加简洁明了。状语从句的省略常包含如下结构：(1) 连词+名词。He acts as if (he is) a fl. 他表现得就好像是个傻子一样。(2) 连词+形容词。Yu must attend the meeting unless (it is) incnvenient t yu.除非情况对你来说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。Wrk hard when (yu are) yung, r yu'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
(3) 连词+现在分词。He fell asleep while (he was) ding his hmewrk. 他在做作业的时候睡着了。(4) 连词+过去分词。If (it was) untreated, it wuld prduce a pwerful pisn that wuld kill the patient.如果不处理它，它将产生一种导致该病人死亡的烈性毒物。Thugh (they were) tired, they went n wrking. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。(5) 连词+介词短语。While (I was) at cllege, I began t knw him, a strange but able student.我上大学时开始认识他的，他是一个奇怪但有能力的学生。(6) 连词+不定式。The patient pened his muth as if (he was) t speak. 病人张开嘴巴好像要说什么。Yu shuldn't cme t his party unless (yu were) invited.除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的派对。
考点4：状语从句和状语的相互转换1. 状语从句转换为分词短语状语从句主句和从句一致时，转换为分词短语。After he turned ff the TV, he went ut f the rm.Having turned ff the TV, he went ut f the rm. 他关闭电视机后走出了房间。When the city is seen frm the muntain, it lks much mre beautiful.Seen frm the muntain, the city lks much mre beautiful.从山上看，这座城市看起来更漂亮。
2. 状语从句转换为独立主格结构状语从句主句和从句不一致，转换为独立主格结构。If weather permits, we'll have the meeting in the pen air.(With) Weather permitting, we'll have the meeting in the pen air.如果天气允许，我们将在室外召开这次会议。
3. 状语从句转换为介词短语由 after/befre/since/as sn as 等引导的时间状语从句，可改为 after/befre/since/n+动名词短语结构。当主从句主语一致时，可使用动名词的复合结构。Befre he dived int the lake, he made a deep breath.Befre diving int the lake, he made a deep breath.在跳入湖中之前，他深深地吸了一口气。可以用来代替状语从句的常见介词短语有：because f/at the age f/in spite f/as a result f 等。He is absent tday because he is ill.→ He is absent tday because f illness. 他今天缺席是因为生病了。
4. 状语从句转换为动词不定式短语状语从句还可以根据情况转换为不定式短语。He is s strng that he can lift the heavy stne.→ He is strng enugh t lift the heavy stne. 代他很强壮，足以搬动这块重石。He was s weak that he culdn't g a step further.→ He was t weak t g a step further. 他太虚弱了，无法再挪动一步。He std in the frnt f the classrm in rder that he culd see the picture clearly.→ He std in the frnt f the classrm in rder t (s as t/t)see the picture clearly.他站在教室前面，以便能清楚地看到图片。
注意主语和状语的逻辑主语要保持一致性。下列5个句子都是错误的，在书面表达中应当避免：At the age f five, his father died.T imprve yur English, reading is necessary.Being a fine day, we went ut fr a play.While waiting fr the bus, my wallet missed.Giving mre time, I can d it better.上述句子的正确表达应当是：When he was at the age f five, his father died.T imprve yur English, yu shuld read a lt.It being a fine day, we went ut fr a play.While waiting fr the bus, I lst my wallet.Given mre time, I can d it better.
个别短语如 generally speaking (一般来说)、strictly speaking (严格地说)、judging frm….(依据…判断)、t tell yu the truth (说实话)，作为插入语使用，不受主语和状语的逻辑主语一致的限制。T tell yu the truth, yur cnclusin sunds strange.告诉你实话，你的结论听起来很奇怪。
1.【2025年全国乙卷·语法填空】题目：______ yu have signed the cntract, yu must fulfill all the bligatins.答案与解析：✅ Once引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦签订合同”，强调条件达成后的必然性。选项 if 表假设，但语境强调“签约后立刻生效”。
2.【2025年北京卷·单项选择】题目：The task was s challenging ______ n ne dared t take it at first.答案与解析：✅ that"" 引导结果状语从句，意为“任务如此困难以至于无人敢接手”。that 在从句中不充当成分，仅连接主从句逻辑。
3.【2025年浙江卷·语法填空】题目：______ there is a strng cmmunity spirit, peple are mre likely t cperate.答案与解析：✅ Where引导地点状语从句，意为“在有强烈社区精神的地方”，where 抽象化表“在……情况下”。区别于定语从句（此处无先行词）。
4.【2025年上海浦东新区一模·语法填空】题目：______ the weather imprves, the hiking event will be pstpned.答案与解析：✅ Unless引导条件状语从句，意为“除非天气好转”，隐含否定（= if nt）。选项 if 表正向条件，与句意矛盾。
5.【2025年江苏南京二模·单项选择】题目：He kept taking ntes during the lecture ______ he might miss key pints.答案与解析：✅ fr fear that引导目的状语从句，意为“以防遗漏重点”，从句中常用虚拟语气（might/shuld + 动词原形）。
6.【2025年广东深圳一模·语法填空】题目：______ hard she tried, she culdn’t slve the puzzle in five minutes.答案与解析：✅ Hwever"Hwever + 形容词/副词" 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多努力”，相当于 N matter hw hard。
7.【2025年山东青岛二模·单项选择】题目：______ the experiment may fail, we still decide t prceed.答案与解析：✅ Even if引导让步状语从句，意为“即使可能失败”，强调既定决心不受条件影响。选项 Unless 表条件，逻辑不符。
8.【2025年湖南长沙一模·语法填空】题目：______ I understand yur cncern, I must insist n this plan.答案与解析：✅ While/Althugh引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管理解你的担忧”，突出主句行动的转折性。while 比 althugh 更强调对比。
9.【2025年河北石家庄二模·单项选择】题目：We shuld act nw ______ the situatin gets wrse.答案与解析：✅ befre引导时间状语从句，表示“在情况恶化之前行动”。选项 until 需搭配延续性动作（如 wait until），与 act nw 矛盾。
10.【2025年四川成都三模·语法填空】题目：The system autmatically shuts dwn ______ it detects an verlad.答案与解析：✅ as sn as引导时间状语从句，强调“一旦检测到超载就立即关机”的快速反应。when 虽可表时间，但即时性弱于 as sn as。
1. 三步解题法： 步骤1：识别主从句逻辑关系（时间/条件/让步等）→ 步骤2：排除非状语从句选项（如定语从句需关系代词）→ 步骤3：选择符合语境的连接词（e.g., 题7 "即使失败" 选 even if，非 because）。2. 重点突破方向： (1) 易混淆连接词对比： unless vs if：unless = if nt（题4）； while vs when：while 强调对比/时间段，when 表时间点（题8）。 (2) 特殊结构： “Hwever + 形容词”（题6）、“”（题2）需结构完整。
一、单句改错（仅限1处）1.Because I was ill fr six mnths, s I lst my jb.2. My father was watching TV while I came hack hme last night.3. If pssibly, he wanted prf befre he wuld believe smething.4. The sprts meet was put ff because the heavy rain.5. He made such many mistakes in his hmewrk that the teacher made him d it again.
二、在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. Wherever yu wrk, yu __________(gain) much valuable experience as lng as yu are willing t wrk.2. ①When _________(cmpare) different cultures, we ften nly pay attentin t the differences withut nticing the many similarities. ②When _________(cmpare) with mst natural changes, that the temperature f the earth rse abut ne degree Fahrenheit during the 20th century is quite shcking.
二、在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。3. ①As time ______(g) by, the days became lnger and lnger. ②With time _______(g) by, the days became lnger and lnger.4. ① It was five ’clck _______ we arrived at the small muntain village. ② It was at five ’clck _______ we arrived at the small muntain village.5. It was lng _______ they escaped frm the prisn.
三、单项选择1. I really enjy listening t music ______ it helps me relax and takes my mind away frm ther cares f the day. A. because B. befre C. unless D. until2. _____ the average age f the ppulatin increases, there are mre and mre senir citizens t care fr. A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While3. _______ nline shpping has changed ur life, nt all f its effects have been psitive. A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless4. We‘ll have t finish the jb, ________. A. lng it takes hwever B. it takes hwever lng C. lng hwever it takes D. hwever lng it takes
三、单项选择5. _______ yur cmpsitin carefully, sme spelling mistakes can be avided. A. Having checked B. Check C. If yu check D. T check6. Jhn thinks it wn't be lng ______ he is ready fr his new jb. A. when B. after C. befre D. since7. _______ grades yu get in this exam, yu shuld never lse heart. A. N matter hw B. What C. N matter what D. Which8. _______ with the size f the whle universe, even the biggest star we can bserve desn’t seem big at all. A. When cmpared B. Cmpare C. While cmparing D. Cmparing
三、单项选择9. _______ difficult the task is, we are determined t finish it in time. A. As B. Whenever C. Hwever D. Hw10. _______ in the street, a terrible car accident happened, resulting in three deaths. A. While walking B. Walk C. Walking D. When I was walking
四、阅读下列短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My favrite teacher is my English teacher Mr. Li. I think him nice and friendly the first time I met him. I like him, ________ I think he is the best teacher in the wrld. I didn't realize hw special Mr. Li was ______ I became an English teacher. While ________(teach) English, I can remember all the gd time I spent in ur schl. Every_______ I visit my schl, I can think f him. Ever since I entered high schl, he pushed me hard in my English study. He wuld train me first befre he set me a task. Much _______ I respected him, I didn't agree with his pinins n this subject. _________ English was f great help, I didn’t think it was a gd idea t spend t much time n it. At the beginning, learning English seemed ____ difficult that I wanted t give up withut even trying. _______ hard he tried, he culd nt change my mind.
Althugh/Thugh/While