【二轮专题】第11讲虚拟语气-高考英语语法精讲课件

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虚拟语气可以用来表示说话人主观上所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、空想、猜测、必要性和可能性等。
考点1：状语从句中的虚拟语气1. 非真实条件句(1) 虚拟现在时(与现在事实相反)，从句谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were，而不用was)，主句谓语形式为“shuld (wuld，culd，might) + 动词原形'”If I knew her number I culd ring her up.要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(事实是我不知道)(2) 虚拟过去时(与过去事实相反)，从句谓语形式用“had + 过去分词”，主句谓语形式为“shuld (wuld， culd， might) + have + 过去分词”。If we had fund him earlier we culd have saved his life.要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(事实是我们没能早点找到他)(3) 虚拟将来时(与将来事实相反)，从句谓语形式用动词的一般过去式， 或“were t+z动词原形”或“shuld+动词原形”主句谓语形式“shuld (wuld，culd，might)+动词原形”If I asked him, I'm sure he'd help us.如果我恳求他，他肯定会帮助我们。(事实是我不打算恳求他)
注意特殊情况①虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种现象称为错综时间虚拟条件句。If yu had spken t him last time yu saw him, yu wuld knw what t d nw.如果你上次见他时和他说过话，你就会知道你现在要做些什么。(过去+现在)②若虚拟条件句中含有 were 或 had，shuld 等助动词或情态动词时，连词if可以省略，而将 were，had，shuld 提前，构成倒装语序。We were I in yur psitin (=If I were in yur psitin), I wuld g.如果我处在你的处境，我就走了。Had yu arrived five minutes earlier (=If yu had arrived five minutes earlier), yu culd have seen them ff. 如果你早到五分钟，你就可以给他们送行了。
Shuld he cme (=If he shuld cme), tell him t ring me up.如果他来的话，叫他打电话给我。③利用语境不直接说出条件的句子称为含蓄虚拟条件句。A. 用介词引入条件* but fr ((若不是，如没有)：注意，凡是出现这个复合介词的句子，必须要用虚拟语气。We wuld have had a pleasant jurney but fr the rain. (=We wuld have had a pleasantjurney if it hadn't rained.) 如果没有下雨，我们的旅程会很愉快。* withut/with(在不具备/具备…的条件下)。Withut his help, I culd nt have dne it well. (=If he hadn’t helped me, I culd nt have dne it well.) 要是没有他的帮助，我们不可能做得这么顺利。
With favrable winds, we might have gt there in tw days. (=If there shuld befavrable winds, we might have gt there in tw days.) 要是顺风的话，我们可能两天后就抵达那里了。B. 分词短语充当条件状语(分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能)。Given a certain pprtunity, he culd have shwn mre talent. (=If he had been given a certain pprtunity, he culd have shwn mre talent.) 要是能有一定的机会，他也许就能展示出更大的才能。
C. 用上下文暗示条件。常用来表示不具备条件的连词，如：but，r 或 therwise 等。I wuld have failed but that yu helped me. 要不是你们帮助我，我就会失败。(but 表示让步关系，意为“除非，要不是”，常与 that 一起构成 but that，相当于 if... nt...)I was s busy then, therwise, I wuld have finished it. (If I hadn’t been busy then, I wuld have finished it.) 那时我很忙，否则我早就完成了。I might have given yu mre help, but I was t busy.我可能会给你更多的帮助的，但那时我太忙了。Mre water and the yung trees culdn’t have died.(=If yu had given them mre water, the yung trees culdn't have died.) 如果你给那些小树多浇点水，它们就不会死了。
2. as if / thugh 引导的从句在 as if 或 as thugh 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中，用过去时表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去事实或过去想象中的动作或情况。The teacher treats the pupil as if/as thugh he were her wn child.这位老师对待这位学生就像对自己的孩子一样。(对现在的虚拟)He lks as if/as thugh he had been hit by lighting.他看起来像曾经被雷击过似的。(对过去的虚拟)They talked and talked as if/as thugh they wuld never meet again.他们说啊说，就好像他们再也见不到对方了一样。(对将来的虚拟)
考点2：名词性从句中的虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用(1) 在表示愿望的动词 wish 之后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。宾语从句用过去时表示与现在事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。I wish I knew what was ging t happen. 我真希望我能知道要发生什么事。She wished she had stayed at hme. 她希望当时她在家。I wish I were rich. 我真希望我很有钱。
(2) 在表示坚持”“命令建议”“要求”等词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词简称一二四四”：一个坚持(insist)；两个命令(rder，cmmand)；四项要求(demand，desire，require， request)；四条建议(advise， suggest， prpse，recmmend)。这类虚拟语气由“shuld +动词原形”构成，其中的shuld在美式英语中通常可以省略。He insisted that I (shuld) g with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。He rdered that it (shuld) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。The dctr advised that he nt smke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。注意当 insist 表示“坚称，坚持认为”和 suggest 表示“表明，暗示”时，其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。The lk n his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had dne fr him.他的表情暗示出他对我为他所做的事非常满意。He insisted that he was hnest. 他坚持认为自己是诚实的。
(3) wuld rather用来表示主观愿望，其后的宾语从句也需用虚拟语气，谓语动词常用过去式。I'd rather yu went tmrrw. 我宁愿你明天去。Kate went by car and I'd rather she hadn’t. 凯特是坐汽车去的，我宁愿她不坐汽车去。
2. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用(1) 在某些表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等形容词之后的主语从句中，需用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“(shuld) +动词原形”，其中 shuld 可以省略。这类形容词常见的有：necessary (必要的)， imprtant (重要的)， essential (紧要的)， imperative (迫切的)， urgent (紧迫的) 等。It's imprtant that we (shuld) take gd care f the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
(2) 在“It is desired (suggested，rdered，insisted，decided...)that…”主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“(shuld) +动词原形”。It is desired that this rule be brught t the attentin f the staff.希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。(3) 在“It is + n. +主语从句”这一句型中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，此句型中的名词有两类：一类是表示建议、请求、命令等含有主观意向的动词的同源名词，如suggestin，prpsal 等；另一类是表示遗憾、惊奇、怀疑等主观看法的名词，如 shame，pity 等，其从句中的谓语动词形式为“(shuld) +动词原形”。It is my prpsal that he be sent t study abrad. 我建议派他去国外学习。It was a pity that yu culdn't cme. 你不能来，真是太可惜了。
3. 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用同位语从句的先行词通常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词，其同位语从句需使用虚拟语气，谓语形式为”(shuld)+动词原形形”The suggestin that students learn smething practical is wrth cnsidering.学生应该学习些实用知识的建议是值得考虑的。
考点3：特殊的虚拟语气1. if nly 的虚拟语气if nly 也可用于表示与事实相反的愿望，意为“若是…那该多好啊；真希望...”，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词应用过去式；如果表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时态。If nly I were as clever as yu! 要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊!If nly yu had nt tld Tm what I said, everything wuld have been all right.要是你没有把我的话告诉汤姆就好了，那样就不会出什么问题了。
2. It is (high) time that... 句型中的虚拟语气It is (high) time that... 意为”(早)该是做…的时间了”，后面的从句也需使用虚拟语气形式，即谓语动词要用过去式或用 shuld 加动词原形，此时 shuld 不可省略。It is time that the children went t bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。It is high time that we shuld set up a new plant in this cuntry.我们早该在这个国家设立新工厂了。
1.【2025年新高考全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空】题目：We wuldn’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harld ______ (ffer) us a ride hme.答案与解析： ✅ had ffered对过去的虚拟，主句用“wuldn’t have called”，从句需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词）。句意：若哈罗德昨天主动送我们回家，我们就不叫出租车了。
2.【2025年北京市海淀区一模·语法填空】题目：I culdn’t ______ (g) thrugh the hard times but fr my teacher’s generus help.答案与解析： ✅ have gne含蓄虚拟条件句（but fr表“要不是”），表与过去事实相反，谓语用“culdn’t have dne”。
3.【2025年浙江省杭州二模·语法填空】题目：If it ______ (rain) tmrrw, I wuld stay at hme watching TV.答案与解析： ✅ rained/were t rain/shuld rain对将来的虚拟，if从句可用一般过去时/were t d/shuld d，主句用“wuld + 动词原形”。
4.【2025年新高考全国Ⅱ卷·单选题】题目：—Why didn’t yu attend the lecture?—I ______, but my flight was delayed.A. must have B. shuld have C. wuld have D. culd have答案与解析： ✅ Cwuld have dne 表“原本会做”（与过去事实相反），but后说明未实现原因。
5.【2025年天津市南开区二模·单选题】题目：We wuld rather ur daughter ______ at hme with us, but it is her chice.A. stays B. stayed C. wuld stay D. had stayed答案与解析： ✅ Bwuld rather 后接宾语从句需用一般过去时表虚拟（与现在事实相反）。
6.【2025年江苏省南京一模·单选题】题目：It is strngly recmmended that the machines ______ every year fr safety.A. will check B. be checked C. are checked D. checked答案与解析： ✅ Brecmmend后接宾语从句需用“(shuld) + 动词原形”，且machines与check为被动关系。
7.【2025年上海市虹口区一模·单选题】题目：But fr the fact that Shakespeare ______ English, he wuldn’t be regarded as the greatest playwright.A. revlutinized B. had revlutinized C. wuld revlutinize D. were t revlutinize答案与解析： ✅ Abut fr后为事实（非虚拟），从句用陈述语气（一般过去时描述历史事实）。
8.【2025年广东省深圳市三模·完形填空节选】题目：Luckily, we’d brught a map withut which we ______ ur way.A. lst B. wuld lse C. wuld have lst D. had lst答案与解析： ✅ Cwithut引导含蓄虚拟条件，表与过去事实相反，谓语用“wuld have dne”。
9.【2025年山东省青岛市二模·完形填空节选】题目：Had yu listened t the dctr, yu ______ all right nw.A. are B. were C. wuld be D. wuld have been答案与解析： ✅ C错综时间虚拟（从句对过去虚拟，主句对现在虚拟），主句用“wuld + 动词原形”。
10. 【2025年全国甲卷（云南）·语法填空】题目：If I ______ (see) it with my wn eyes, I wuldn’t have believed it.答案与解析： ✅ hadn't seen对过去的虚拟，主句用"wuldn’t have believed"，从句需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词）。句意：若非亲眼所见，我绝不会相信。
11. 【2025年重庆市巴南区三模·语法填空】题目：I wish I ______ (g) t my sister’s wedding last Tuesday.答案与解析： ✅ had gnewish后接宾语从句表对过去的遗憾，谓语用过去完成时（had + 过去分词）。句意：我真希望自己上周二参加了姐姐的婚礼。
12. 【2025年湖北省武汉二中二模·语法填空】题目：We wuld rather the vilence in Hng Kng ______ (restre) rder sn.答案与解析： ✅ restredwuld rather后接宾语从句表与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语用一般过去时。句意：我们宁愿香港的暴力事件早日恢复秩序。
13. 【2025年四川省成都七中一模·语法填空】题目：If we ______ (catch) the flight yesterday, we wuld be n the beach nw.答案与解析： ✅ had caught错综时间虚拟（从句对过去虚拟用had dne，主句对现在虚拟用wuld d）。句意：若昨天赶上航班，我们现在就在海滩了。
14. 【2025年河北省石家庄一模·语法填空】题目：It is strange that he ______ (take) the bks withut permissin.答案与解析： ✅ shuld take"It is strange + that从句"表惊讶，从句谓语用"(shuld) + 动词原形"。句意：他竟未经允许拿走书籍，实在奇怪。
15. 【2025年福建省厦门二模·语法填空】题目：—He failed his driving test.—If nly he ______ (listen) t his instructr!答案与解析： ✅ had listenedIf nly表对过去的强烈遗憾，谓语用过去完成时。句意：—他驾照考试没过。—要是他听了教练的话就好了！
16. 【2025年江苏省苏锡常镇一模·语法填空】题目：The directr demands that the unsatisfactry after-sales service ______ (address) immediately.答案与解析： ✅ be addresseddemand后接宾语从句表要求，谓语用"(shuld) + 动词原形"，且service与address为被动关系。句意：总监要求不满意的售后服务必须立即处理。
17. 【2025年上海市徐汇区三模·语法填空】题目：He barded the plane as if he ______ (be) an experienced traveler.答案与解析： ✅ wereas if引导方式状语从句表与现在事实相反，谓语用一般过去时（be动词统一用were）。句意：他登机时仿佛是个经验丰富的旅行者。
18. 【2025年广东省广州市一模·语法填空】题目：It’s high time we ______ (take) measures t prtect cultural relics.答案与解析： ✅ tk"It’s high time + 从句"表早该做而未做的事，谓语用一般过去时。句意：我们早该采取措施保护文物了。
19. 【2025年山东省实验中学三模·语法填空】题目：______ nt fr the teachers’ help, she culdn’t have passed the exam.答案与解析： ✅ Were it省略if的倒装虚拟条件句（= If it were nt fr），表与现在事实相反的假设。句意：若非老师帮助，她不可能通过考试。
20. 【2025年浙江省宁波二模·语法填空】题目：My suggestin is that mre funds ______ (allcate) fr the prject.答案与解析： ✅ be allcatedsuggestin后的表语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语用"(shuld) + 动词原形"，且funds与allcate为被动关系。句意：我的建议是为该项目拨更多资金。
2.易错点突破：①混合时间虚拟：主从句时间不一致时（如题13），先确定各自时间维度再选结构②省略倒装：题19的"Were it nt fr"需强化训练③动词辨析：suggest表“建议”用虚拟，表“表明”用陈述语气（题16）
一、单句改错（仅限1处）1. We suggest that Henry is tld abut his cnditin as sn as pssible.2. His English is s pr. He mustn’t be an English native speaker.3. The teacher insisted that we must hand in ur exercise befre supper.4. Jhn's grade n the test is the highest in his class, s he shuld have studied last night.5. I'm feeling much better nw, s yu mustn’t call the dctr.
情态动词和虚拟语气综合巩固练习
二、在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. If the whle peratin _________(nt plan) befre hand, a great deal f time and mney wuld have been lst.2. Tm suggested that we ___________(nt hld) such a meeting, but Jenny insisted that it _______(be) f great imprtance.3. The rm is in a terrible mess; it can’t ____________(clean).4. Gerge _____________(can，g) t far. His cffee is still warm.5. One f ur rules is that every student _______ wear schl unifrm while at schl.
had nt been planned
shuld nt hld
have been cleaned
can’t have gne
6. 一______ yu interrupt nw? Can’t yu see I'm n the phne? 一Srry sir, but it's urgent.7. He _______ have cmpleted his wrk; therwise, he wuldn’t be enjying himself by seaside.8. Jhn went t the hspital alne. If he ___________(tld) me abut it, I wuld have gne with him.9. Had I knwn abut this cmputer prgram, a huge amunt f time and energy __________(save).10. 一If the traffic hadn’t been s heavy, I culd have been back by 6 'clck. 一What a pity! Tina ______(be) here t see yu.
wuld have been saved
三、单项选择1. —Shall I infrm him f the change f the schedule right nw? —I am afraid yu _______, in case he cmes late fr the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can2. Mary's scre n the test is the highest in her class; she _______ have studied very hard. A. may B. shuld C. must D. ught t3. Yu _________ her in her ffice last Friday; she's been ut f twn fr tw weeks. A. needn’t have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can't have seen4. Yu ___________ all thse calculatins! We have a cmputer t d that srt f thing. A. needn’t have dne B. shuldn't have dne C. must nt have dne D. cannt have dne5. Jane's pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ medical examinatin. A. be； shuld have B. was； have C. shuld be； had D. was； has
四、阅读下列短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 ATm: Hi, Mr. Smith. _______ yu give me a hand?Mr. Smith: Of curse. Yu needn't hesitate t ask me fr help. What's the matter with yu?Tm: My mum is always cmplaining abut my ging back hme late after schl.Mr. Smith: What d yu usually d after schl?Tm: I usually g t the playgrund t play basketball. But I knw that I _______ g hme first.Mr. Smith: Why dn't yu g hme directly?Tm: My mther usually says, “Every student shall d their hmewrk first after schl, and that is a rule fr all f yu students.” Yu see, if I did my hmewrk first nw, I culdn’t have a rest and relax. I am s tired.
Mr. Smith: Bth yu and yur mum are reasnable. As a mther, she believes that yu ______ never wrk t hard, while yu think yu need sme time t have a rest. Des yur mther knw what yu think?Tm: N. Even if I had tld her befre, she wuldn't have understd it.Mr. Smith: I dn't think s. I think yu shuld tell yur mther what yu think and she Wuld understand yu. Besides, yu had better nt hide yur feelings frm yur mther and yu _______ as well learn t cmmunicate with her.Tm: Thank yu fr yur advice. It is high time I ______ (talk) with her.Mr. Smith: I can't agree mre.
talked(shuld talk)