2022年高三英语复习与训练五动词

这是一份2022年高三英语复习与训练五动词，共12页。试卷主要包含了 动词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
5. 动词
1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。
说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词。例如：
We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。（have是实义动词。）
He has gne t New Yrk. 他已去纽约。（have是助动词。）
3） 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词、不及物动词，英语缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：
She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）
She can sing many English sngs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）
4） 动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词、非限定动词例如：
She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）
She wants t learn English well. 她想学好英语。（t learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。）
说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式、动名词、分词。
5） 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词、短语动词、动词短语例如：
The English language cntains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（cntains是单字动词。）
Students shuld learn t lk up new wrds in dictinaries. 学生们学会查字典。（lk up是短语动词。）
The yung ught t take care f the ld. 年轻人应照料老人。（take care f是动词短语。）
6） 动词有五种形态，分别是：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。

5.1 系动词
系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。例如：
He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）
He fell ff the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。
1）状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）
2）持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3）表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, lk。例如：
He lks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems （t be） very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4）感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sund, taste。 例如：
This kind f clth feels very sft. 这种布手感很软。
This flwer smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
5）变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有becme, grw, turn, fall, get, g, cme, run。例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a shrt time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6）终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prve, turn ut, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意。例如：
The rumr prved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search prved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned ut a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn ut表终止性结果）

5.2 助动词
1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。例如：
He desn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（desn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）
2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态。例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has gt married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态。例如：
He was sent t England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句。例如：
D yu like cllege life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did yu study English befre yu came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词nt合用，构成否定句。例如：
I dn't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气。例如：
D cme t the party tmrrw evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did knw that. 他的确知道那件事。
3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, d, shall, will, shuld, wuld等。

5.3 助动词be的用法
1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
English is becming mre and mre imprtant. 英语现在越来越重要。
2） be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：
The windw was brken by Tm.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
English is taught thrughut the wrld. 世界各地都教英语。
3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如：
He is t g t New Yrk next week.. 他下周要去纽约。
We are t teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。
说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b. 表示命令。例如：
Yu are t explain this. 对此你要做出解释。
He is t cme t the ffice this afternn. 要他今天下午来办公室。
c. 征求意见。例如：
Hw am I t answer him? 我该怎样答复他？
Wh is t g there? 谁该去那儿呢？
d. 表示相约、商定。例如：
We are t meet at the schl gate at seven tmrrw mrning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

5.4 助动词have的用法
1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如：
He has left fr Lndn. 他已去了伦敦。
By the end f last mnth, they had finished half f their wrk. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。
2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如：
I have been studying English fr ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
3）have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如：
English has been taught in China fr many years. 中国教英语已经多年。

5.5 助动词d 的用法
1）构成一般疑问句。例如：
D yu want t pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？
Did yu study German? 你们学过德语吗？
2）d + nt 构成否定句。例如：
I d nt want t be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
He desn't like t study. 他不想学习。
In the past, many students did nt knw the imprtance f English.
过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3） 构成否定祈使句。例如：
Dn't g there. 不要去那里。
Dn't be s absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
说明： 构成否定祈使句只用d，不用did和des。
4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：
D cme t my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did g there. 我确实去那儿了。
I d miss yu. 我确实想你。
5）用于倒装句。例如：
Never did I hear f such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin ur cllege life d we realize the imprtance f English. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldm, rarely, little, nly, s, well等。
6）用作代动词。例如：
---- D yu like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗？
---- Yes, I d. --是的，喜欢。（d用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）
He knws hw t drive a car, desn't he? 他知道如何开车，对吧？

5.6 助动词shall和will的用法
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如：
I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will g t Shanghai. 他要去上海。
说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:
He shall cme. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）
He will cme. 他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）

5.7 助动词shuld, wuld的用法
1）shuld无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。例如：
I telephned him yesterday t ask what I shuld d next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。
比较："What shall I d next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么？"我问道。
可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了shuld。
2） wuld也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。例如：
He said he wuld cme. 他说他要来。
比较："I will g," he said. 他说："我要去那儿。"变成间接引语，就成了He said he wuld cme。原来的will变成wuld，g变成了cme.。

5.8 短语动词
动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如：
Turn ff the radi. 把收音机关上。（turn ff是短语动词）
短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：
1）动词+副词，如：black ut；
2）动词+介词，如：lk int；
3）动词+副词+介词，如：lk frward t。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词。

5.9 非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。
1）不定式

2）动名词

3）分词
否定形式： nt +不定式， nt + 动名词， nt + 现在分词
5.10 助动词练习
1.If it is fine tmrrw, we ______ a ftball match.
a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has
2.When he was at schl, he ______ early and take a walk befre breakfast.
a. will rise b. shall rise b. shuld rise wuld rise
3.In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the scialist revlutin and scialist cnstructin.
a. has made b. have made c. had made d. having made
4.I ______ g t bed until I ______ finished my wrk.
a. dn’t/had b. didn’t/have c. didn’t/had d. dn’t/have
5.______ yu think he ______ back by dinner time?
a. D/have cme b. Did/will have cme c. Des/will cme d. D/will have cme
6.He said that he drpped his bag when he ______ fr the bus.
a. was runing b. was running c. were running d. is running
7.N sner ______ he arrived hme than he ______ t start n anther jurney.
a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked
8.“______ yu give me a rm fr the night?” I asked n arriving at the htel.
a. Shuld b. Can c. Might d. May
9.There are nine f them, s ______ get int the car at the same time.
a. they may nt at all b. all they may nt c. they can’t all d. all they can’t
10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.”
a. mustn’t attend b. cannt have attended
c. wuld have nt attended d. needn’t have attended
11.“Yu realize that yu were driving at 100 mph, dn’t yu?”
“N, fficer. I ______. This car can’t d mre than 80.”
a. didn’t need t be b. may nt have been c. culdn’t have been d. needn’t have been
12.he was a gd runner s he ______ escape frm the plice.
a. might b. succeeded t c. wuld d. was able t
13.If they ______, ur plan will fall flat.
c-perating b. had nt c-perated c. wn’t c-perate d. didn’t c-perate
14.I hped ______ my letter.
a. her t answer b. that she wuld answer c. that she answers d. her answering
15.He ______ live in the cuntry than in the city.
a. prefers b. likes t c. had better d. wuld rather
16.______ t see a film with us tday?
a. Did yu like b. Wuld yu like c. Will yu like d. Have yu liked
17.I’m srry, but I had n alternative. I simply ______ what I did.
a. must d b. had t d c. ught t have dne d. have t d
18.“Time is running ut,______?”
a. hadn’t we better gt start b. hadn’t we better get start
b. hadn’t we better get started d. hadn’t we better nt started
19.N ne ______ that t his face.
a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare t say
20.The students in the classrm ______ nt t make s much nise.
a. need b. ught c. must d. dare
21.Yu ______ last week if yu were really serius abut yur wrk.
a. ught t cme b. ught t be cming c. ught have cme d. ught t have cme
22.The elephants ught ______ hurs ag by the keepers.
a. t be fed b. t feed c. t being fed d. t have been fed
23.“I wnder why they’re late.” “They ______ the train.”
a. can have missed b. culd miss c. may have missed d. might miss
24.“Tm graduated frm cllege at a very yung age.”
“He ______ have been an utstanding student.”
a. must b. culd c. shuld d. might
25.Yu ______ the examinatin again since yu had already passed it.
a. needn’t have taken b. didn’t need t take c. needn’t take d. mustn’t take
26.He is really incmpetent! The letter ______ yesterday.
a. shuld be finished typing b. must be finished typing
b. must have finished typing c. shuld have been finished typing
27.The by tld his father that he wuld rather ______ an astrnaut.
a. becme b. t becme c. becming d. became
28.When we reached the statin, the train had still nt arrived; s we ______.
a. needed nt t hurry b. needn’t have hurried
c.need nt t have hurried d. didn’t need t hurry
29.Since yur rmmate is visiting her family this weekend,_____ yu like t have dinner with us tnight?
a. will b. wn’t c. wuldn’t d. d
30.He was afraid what he had dne ______ a disastrus effect n his career.
a. might have b. culd be c. have been d. shall be
31.He ______ hardly say anything mre, since yu knw abut it.
a. dn’t need t b. needn’t c. needs d. need
32.Yu ______ the lk n his face when he wn the prize.
a. wuld have seen b. shuld have seen c. must see d. can be seeing
33.Sme peple think the stck market will crash, but ______.
a. I wnder if it happens b. I dubt if it will happen
c. I am afraid it wuldn’t happen d. I dubt if it des happen
34.“Whatever has happened t Gerge?” “I dn’t knw. He ______ lst.”
a. can have gt b. may have gt c. might get d. culd get
35.He has n idea what the bk is abut. He ______read the bk.
a. culdn’t b. culdn’t have c. mightn’t have d. shuldn’t have
36.New studies shw that tw f Saturn’s rings ______ lnger than the 4.5 billin years since the birth f the Slar System.
a. culd have lasted b. shuld have lasted c. wuld have lasted d. must be lasting
37.Take the telescpe with yu in case yu ______ it in yur expeditin.
a. will need b. wuld need c. shuld need d. culd need
38.Need he cme at nce? Yes, he ______.
a. must b. must nt c. need d. may
39.Please answer the phne. It ______ be by yur father. If it is, wuld yu tell that I want t see him?
a. will b. shuld c. wuld d. culd
40.We’ll never give in whatever they ______ say r d.
a. may b. will c. shall d. shuld
41.With all this wrk n hand, he ______ t the cinema last night.
a. mustn’t g b. wuldn’t g c. ughtn’t g d. shuldn’t have gne
42.Everyne ______ the cake because there wasn’t even a small piece left.
a. must like b. must have liked c. must have been liking d. had liked
43.I wish t recllect where I met her, ______?
a. wuld I b. may I c. may nt I d. can I
44.I ______ think he will ______ dare the risk.
a. nt/ .. b. d/nt c. d. dn’t/..
45.If reading is t accmplish anything mre than passing time, it ______ be active.
a. may nt b. must c. might d. is nt
46.Yu ______ yur seats tday if yu want t g t the game.
a. had better t reserve b. had better reserve
c. had t better reserve d. had t reserve better
47.I ______ the peratin unless it is abslutely necessary.
a. wuld rather nt have b. wuld nt rather had
b. rather wuld nt have d. rather nt wuld have
48.Many scientists ______ their wn eyes and ears than the theries f the ancients.
a. wuld rather t believe b. wuld rather believe
c. rather wuld believe d. will rather believe
49.T travel frm England t Sctland yu ______ a passprt.
a. haven’t gt b. mustn’t have c. needn’t d. dn’t need
50.One f the statements ______ t be untrue.
a. is turned ut b. has turned ut c. have been turned ut d. have turned ut
51.I dn’t knw whether it will rain r nt, but if it ______ rain, I shall stay at hme.
a. will b. did c. des d. shall
52.“Yu’d like sme tea,______?”
a. wuldn’t yu b. shuldn’t yu c. hadn’t yu d. didn’t yu
53.“May we take the bks ut?”
a. N, yu may nt b. N, yu can nt c. N, yu can’t d. Please dn’t
54.“I wuld have cme sner, but I ______ that yu were waiting.”
a. didn’t knw b. hasn’t knwn c. hadn’t knw d. haven’t knwn
55.If yu dn’t want t, yu ______ t get there with us.
a. mustn’t b. can’t c. dn’t have d. have nt
56.I wuld g t visit them but I ______ think they are anxius t see me.
a. haven’t b. dn’t c. desn’t d. didn’t
57.Whatever yu can d,______.
a. I can d s as well b. I can d this as well
b.I can d it as well d. I can d as well
58._____- I realized the cnsequences I wuld never have cntemplated getting invlved.
a. Had b. Have c. Having d. Has
59.“Perhaps she is wrking fr Jhn.” “Yes, she ______ fr him.”
a.need have been wrking b. may be wrking
b.ught have been wrking d. ught be wrking
60.“I knw she was in because I heard her radi, but she didn’t pen the dr.” “She ______ the bell.”
a. may nt be hearing b. may nt have heard
b.must nt have heard d. must nt be hearing
61. “He was smking.” “Then he ______ .”
a.ught t have been nt smking b. ught t have nt been smking
b.ught nt t have been smking d. ught t nt have been smking
62.Yu ______ ut yesterday withut a cat. N wnder yu caught cld.
a. ughtn’t have gne b. shuldn’t have gne c. mustn’t have gne d. can’t have gne
63.“Paul was riding a bicycle alng the mtrway when he was hit by the trailer f a lrry.”
“He _____ a bicycle alng the mtrway; bicycles are nt allwed.”
a. shuldn’t have been riding b. culdn’t have been riding
c.ughtn’t have been riding d. can’t have been riding
64.I am listening. But yu ______.
a. need be listening b. shuld be listening c. need have been listening d. ught be listening
65.He ______ with us last night.
a.wuld have liked t g b. shuld like t be ging
b.shuld be liked t g d. wuld like t g
66.I ______ his face when he pened the letter.
a. shuld like yu t see b. wuld have liked yu t be seen
b.shuld like yu t have seen d. wuld like yu t see
67.Yu say yu ______ d it, but I say yu ______ d it.
a. ught nt/culd b. will nt/shall c. culd nt/need d. shall nt/ught
68.We ______ put the meeting ff fr a week.
a. can as well b. will as well c. shall as well d. may as well
69.______ wind yur watch every day?
a. D yu need b. Must yu have t c. Have yu t d. D yu have t
70.______ give him a chance t try?
a. Oughtn’t t we b. Oughtn’t we t c. Ought t we nt d. Oughtn’t we
71.“Did yu blame him fr his mistakes?” “______”
a. I’d rather nt d b. I’d nt rather d c. I’d better nt d d. I’d rather nt ding
72.Yu had better ______ yur hair cut.
a. had b. have c. t get d. t have
73.My sister didn’t g t the party last night because she ______ the baby fr her friend until 9:30.
a.must have lked after b. wuld have t lk after
b.had t lk after d. shuld have lked after
74.Mary is very late, she ______.
a.may miss her train b. may have missed her train
c.must miss her train d. culd miss her train
75.N matter what yu may say, he ______ t his wn views.
a.wuld always stick b. will always stick c. shuld always stick d. must always stick t
76.It’s wnderful that yu ______ have achieved s much in these years.
a. may b. can c. shuld d. wuld
77.The students asked whether he ______ take the bks ut f the reading-rm.
a. culd b. might c. shuld d. wuld
78.He ______ still be thinking abut the questin yu raised.
a. may b. might c. must d. shuld
79.I’d be glad if yu______ give me an accunt f the fact.
a.shall b. shuld c. wuld d. may
80.He ______ accmplish the task in time.
a. did b. has c. is d. d
答案
时态\语态
主动
被动
一般式
t d
t be dne
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
时态\语态
主动
被动
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
时态\语态
主动
被动
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
1
B
19
C
37
C
55
C
73
C
2
D
20
B
38
A
56
B
74
B
3
A
21
D
39
D
57
D
75
B
4
C
22
D
40
A
58
A
76
C
5
D
23
C
41
D
59
B
77
A
6
B
24
A
42
B
60
B
78
B
7
D
25
B
43
B
61
C
79
C
8
B
26
D
44
D
62
B
80
A
9
C
27
A
45
B
63
A
81
10
B
28
B
46
B
64
B
82
11
C
29
C
47
A
65
A
83
12
D
30
A
48
B
66
C
84
13
C
31
D
49
D
67
B
85
14
B
32
B
50
B
68
D
86
15
D
33
B
51
C
69
D
87
16
B
34
B
52
A
70
B
88
17
B
35
B
53
D
71
A
89
18
C
36
A
54
A
72
B
90