人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration教学设计及反思

1．Courage is the light of adversity.

勇气是处于逆境时的光芒。

2．Heroes give courage to mortals, and courage makes them heroes.

英雄给予凡人勇气，勇气使凡人成为英雄。

3．A large number of people can be lost in the world because they lack a little courage.

很多人会在尘世间迷茫，只因缺少一点儿勇气。

4．If you don't even have the courage to face the loss, then you don't deserve anything.

如果，你连面对失去的勇气都没有，那么，你不配得到什么。

5．If you have the courage to start, you will have the pride of success.

如果你具备了开始的勇气，就有了成功的豪情。

6．A man's courage can bear all the burdens; his patience can bear most of the pain.

人的勇气能承担一切重负；人的耐心能忍受大部分痛苦。

I Look Up At The Starry Sky

I look up at the starry sky

Which is so deep and vast.

The never­ending truth

Makes me struggle to follow and quest it.

I look up at the starry sky

Which is so solemn(庄严的), holy and pure.

The severe and awe­inspiring justice

Makes me filled with deep love and in awe of it.

I look up at the starry sky

Which is so free and serene(平静的)．

The broad bosom

Provides the place where my soul rests and nestles to.

I look up at the starry sky

Which is so marvelous and glorious.

The eternal(不朽的) blaze

Kindles the flame of hope in my heart

Which resounds with spring thunder.

The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.

First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out，they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer. “I'm an inside guy，”Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six­month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”

On the station, the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity，it's just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon­dioxide headache.

Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight. That can be annoying—that's why some people feel sick.”Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.

[探索发现]

1．The major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space is deciding on a proper sleep position．

2．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon­dioxide headache when they exercise in one place for a long time．

3．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because their brains receive contradictory messages.

Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking &Reading and Thinking——Comprehending

Ⅰ.匹配词义

a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思

(　　)1.astronaut　 A．n.码头；船坞

 vt.&vi.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港

(　　)2.procedure B．n.宇航员；太空人

(　　)3.rocket C．n.程序；步骤；手续

(　　)4.vehicle D．n.玉；翡翠；玉器

(　　)5.satellite E．n.太空行走；太空行走的时间

(　　)6.mankind F．n.航天器；宇宙飞船

(　　)7.spacecraft G．n.火箭；火箭弹

(　　)8.spacewalk H．n.人造卫星；卫星

(　　)9.jade I．n.交通工具；车辆

(　　)10.dock J．n.人类

[答案]　1－5　BCGIH　6－10　JFEDA

b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思

(　　)11.be determined to do sth. A．继续做，坚持干

(　　)12.find out B．在宇宙飞船上；在船上；

 在飞机上

(　　)13.focus on C．抱着……的希望

(　　)14.for example D．查明；找出

(　　)15.believe in E．下决心做某事

(　　)16.carry on F．关注……，集中做……

(　　)17.on board G．例如

(　　)18.in the hope of doing sth. H．相信，信仰

(　　)19.so as to  I．为了；以便

[答案]　11－15　EDFGH　16－19　ABCI

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．mental adj.　 精神的；思想的

2．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的

3．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物

4．determine vt. 查明；确定；决定

5．launch vt.&n. 发射；发起；上市

6．transmit vt.&vi. 传输；发送

7．disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的

8．desire n. 渴望；欲望

vt. 渴望；期望

9．independent adj. 独立的；自立的

10．signal vt.&vi. 标志着；标明；发信号

n. 信号；标志

Ⅰ.语境填空

astronaut；procedure；gravity；launch；orbit；giant；leap；mankind；agency；data

1．He was writing the selection procedure when I paid a visit to him this morning.

2．Yang Liwei was the first astronaut in China who successfully orbited Earth.

3．The space craft can fly into the space only when it can escape Earth's gravity．

4．Afterwards，Tiangong 2 space lab was launched into space.

5．Mankind believes in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.

6．When travelling，we leapt(leap) over the stream.

7．Recently，America's NASA space agency has launched another space craft to research the problem.

8．The accident should not happen according to my data．

9．The big stones over there looked like giant monsters at night.

10．They changed their orbit while flying in space.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．It must be the first duty of us to perform physical and mental(mentally) work.

2．She solved the problem in an intelligent(intelligence) way.

3．If you do，you'll have the force of the universe(universal) behind you.

4．He has been determined(determine) to learn English well.

5．To his great disappointment(disappoint)，he failed again in the driving test.

6．As a teacher，I want my students to be independent (independently) learners.

7．I have to find a way to transmit(transmit) the objects.

8．Whether you are married or single，we all want to feel desired(desire)．

9．It is universally(universe) acknowledged that the earth goes around the sun.

10．He leapt/leaped(leap) on me without a word.

1．Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，...

八年之后，也就是在1969年7月20日，美国宇航员，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上月球……

2....famously saying“That's one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind”．

一句著名的话，“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步”。

3．Following this，many more goals were achieved.

随之而来的是，许多目标都实现了。

词语助读

①frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区

②vehicle n．交通工具；车辆

③universe n．宇宙；天地万物

④determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的

⑤rocket n．火箭；火箭弹

⑥gravity n．重力；引力

⑦satellite n．人造卫星；卫星

⑧launch vt.&n.发射；发起；上市

⑨orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行

⑩giant adj.巨大的；伟大的n.巨人；巨兽；伟人

⑪leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/leaped，leaped)vi.&vt.跳过；跃过

⑫mankind n．人类

⑬agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处

⑭transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送

⑮data n．资料；数据

⑯astronaut n．宇航员；太空人

⑰disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的

⑱desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望

⑲carry on继续做；坚持干

⑳ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的

on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上

independently adv.独立地；自立地

spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船

spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间

jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器

dock vi.&vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港n.码头；船坞

signal vt.&vi. 标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志

[1]Looking up at the stars是现在分词作状语

[2]本句中的that引导定语从句，修饰先行词planets

[3]succeed in doing sth.成功做某事，另外本句中的that引导定语从句，修饰rockets

[4]the first person...to go into space当名词被序数词或最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语

[5]Following...是分词作状语

[6]Although引导让步状语从句

[7]在made everyone sad and disappointed中sad and disappointed作宾语补足语

[8]but引导并列句

[9]This is because...，because引导表语从句

[10]providing...分词短语作状语

[11]than引导比较级

[12]when引导非限制性定语从句

[13]followed...分词作状语

[14]not only...but also连接两个并列成分，意为“不但……而且”

课本原文

SPACE：THE FINAL FRONTIER①

“Are we alone? What's out there？”[1]Looking up at the stars，people have always wanted to learn more about space，and scientists work hard to find answers.They make vehicles② to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe③.They also really wish to discover other planets [2]that are suitable enough to support life.

Before the mid­20th century，most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream.However，some scientists were determined④ to help humans realise their dream to explore space.After many experiments，they [3]succeeded in making rockets⑤ that could escape Earth's gravity⑥.On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite⑦ was launched⑧ by the USSR and successfully orbited⑨ around Earth.Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became [4]the first person in the world to go into space.Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“That's one small step for [a] man，one giantB10 leap⑪ for mankind⑫.” [5]Following this，many more goals were achieved.For example，America's NASA space agency⑬ launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space，and it still transmits⑭ data⑮ today.

[6]Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen.All the astronauts⑯ on the USSR's Soyuz 11 and America's Challenger died during their missions.These disasters [7]made everyone sad and disappointed⑰，[8]but the desire⑱ to explore the universe never died.[9]This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on⑲ space exploration despite the huge risks.An example of this ongoing⑳ work is the International Space Station.It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on boardB21，[10]providing a continuous human presence in space.

China's space programme started late [11]than those of Russia and the US，but it has made great progress in a short time.China became the third country in the world to independentlyB22 send humans into space in 2003，[12]when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraftB23.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalkB24，[13]followed by the vehicle JadeB25 Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.After that，China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dockB26 with it.This signalledB27 one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.More recently，China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.

The future of space exploration remains bright.Europe，the US，and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will [14]not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.

译文参考

太空：最后的边境

仰望星空，(人们)不禁要问：“我们是孤独的吗？那里是什么？”，人们一直想更多地了解太空，而且科学家在努力工作寻求答案，为了查明宇宙的秘密他们制做了交通工具把那些勇敢的人带到太空。他们也真地希望能发现其他适合生命生存的行星。

在二十世纪中期以后，绝大多数人认为太空旅行是不可能的。然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。经过多次实验之后，他们成功地造出了能够逃脱地球引力的火箭。在1957年10月4日，苏联成功发射了Sputnik 1号卫星，且卫星成功地绕地球运转。后来苏联专注于研究送人类进入太空(这个问题)并且在1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年之后，也就是在1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上月球，说了一句著名的话，“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”随之而来的是，许多目标都实现了。例如，为了研究外层空间，美国航空航天局在1977年9月5日发射了航行者1号，时至今日它仍然能传送一些数据。

虽然科学家竭力确保不出任何错误，但事故仍然可能发生。在执行任务期间，在苏联的联盟者11号和美国的挑战者(飞船上)的所有宇航员全部遇难。这些灾难让每个人感到悲伤和失望，但是(人们)探索宇宙的渴望从未泯灭。这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。这种继续努力的一个例子就是国际太空站。它绕地球运行，允许来自不同国家的宇航员搭乘，让人类持续不断地出现在太空中。

中国的太空计划开始的比俄国和美国都晚。但是在短时间内取得了很大进步，在2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独自把人类送入太空的国家，当时杨利伟在神舟五号宇宙飞船里成功地绕地球运行。此后神舟六号和七号分别完成了第二次载人飞行以及中国人的第一次太空行走，紧接着月球探测车玉兔也被发射到月球去研究其表面。之后中国把天宫二号太空实验室送入太空，并且与天舟一号实现对接。这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又前进了一步。最近，为了做好测量和观测，中国已经发射了嫦娥四号去探测月球离我们较远的那一边的表面。

宇航探索的未来充满光明，欧洲、美国和中国都有计划要进一步研究和探索像火星和木星这样的行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还帮助我们更好地进入未来。

速读课文，完成下列任务

Ⅰ.单项选择

阅读P40－41课文内容，选择最佳选项

1．What does the scientist do to find out the secrets of the universe?

A．Look up at the stars.

B．Make vehicles to carry people into space.

C．Want to learn more about space.

2．         was launched on 4 October 1957.

A．The Sputnik 1 B．The Voyager 1

C．The Challenger 1

3．In 2003 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in         ．

A．Shenzhou 6 B．Shenzhou 7

C．Shenzhou 5

4．Tiangong 2 space lab was launched into space to dock with         ．

A．Tianzhou 1 B．Chang'e 4

C．Shenzhou 5

[答案]　1－4　BACA

Ⅱ.补全信息

选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息

A.to look up at the stars　B．to learn more about space C．to find out the secrets of the universe　D．to understand the origin of universe　E．to orbit Earth independently

1．The scientists make vehicles to carry people into space        ．

2．The scientists hope future discoveries will enable us         ．

3．Now many scientists work hard         ．

4．Scientists wish          and further study and explore the space.

5．The Sputnik 1 satellite was launched          by the USSR on 4 October 1957.

[答案]　1－5　CDBAE

Ⅲ.表格填空

细读课文完成下列任务

Ⅰ.主旨匹配

1．Para.1　 A．China has made great progress in exploring space.

2．Para.2 B．The future of space exploration remains bright.

3．Para.3 C．The achievements that the USSR and America made.

4．Para.4 D．People have always wanted to explore space.

5．Para.5 E．The desire of people to explore the universe never died.

[答案]　1－5　DCEAB

Ⅱ.单项选择

1．The main idea of the passage is        ．

A．the space exploration of mankind

B．the great achievements the USA has made

C．Yuri Gagarin's travel to space

D．Accidents that happened in space

2．Which of the follow statements is true according to Para.2?

A．Travelling into space was an impossible dream in the mid­20th century.

B．The USSR was the first country to launch satellite into space.

C．Gagarin was the first man to step onto the moon.

D．America launched Voyager 1 to orbit the Earth.

3．What is the function of the International Space Station?

A．Telling us the huge risks of space exploration.

B．Having astronauts from different countries on board.

C．Letting us believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration.

D．Welcoming the brave people to pay a visit to it.

4．We can infer from Para.4        ．

A．Yang Liwei orbited Earth in Shenzhou 5 spacecraft

B．Tiangong 2 space lab docked with Tianzhou 1 successfully in space

C．the main aim of Chang'e 4 is to make measurements

D．China has made great achievements in exploring space　

[答案]　1－4　ABBD

Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能

概要写作微技能(一)——归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)

1．概要写作的第一步便是阅读短文并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即提取有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。归纳主旨大意，是为了整体上把握语篇要义，有利于区分主次、剔除细节信息。

2．确定段落主旨句时，要兼顾语篇大背景，即在全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨，将段落主旨纳入语篇主旨的架构中。不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句，有的段落主旨句需要考生根据段落内容予以归纳和概括。

阅读语篇时，根据不同的文体可采取以下方法归纳主旨大意：