高中英语Unit 4 Space Exploration单元测试复习练习题

这是一份高中英语Unit 4 Space Exploration单元测试复习练习题，文件包含Unit4SpaceExplorationB卷·综合能力提升练解析版-单元测试2022-2023学年高一英语分层训练AB卷人教版2019必修第三册docx、Unit4SpaceExplorationB卷·综合能力提升练-单元测试2022-2023学年高一英语分层训练AB卷人教版2019必修第三册docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
必修Book 3 Unit 4 Space Exploration
B卷·综合能力提升练
(时间：90分钟　满分：120分)
第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2023·上海·模拟预测）Time has always been of great interest to scientist…
Theory 1: According to Caltech cosmologist (宇宙学家) Dr Sean Carroll, the flow of time from past to future may be the symptom of our Universe having emerged from another universe that existed before the Big Bang and then gave birth to our own.
Theory 2: In 1967, two American theorists came up with an equation describing the quantum (量子) state of the whole Universe. Known as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, it includes many key features of the universe, such as its size. But one aspect is absent: time. Some theorists believe this implies that time only exists in our minds.
Theory 3: According to theorist Prof Lee Smolin at the Perimeter Institute, Canada, the existence of life in the Universe is the result of the laws of physics evolving to their current state over an unlimited number of previous universes. If true, this means that our very existence is proof that time does exist.
Theory 4: In 2009, physicists at the universities of Bristol and Cambridge showed that the passing of time revealed by, say, the cooling of a cup of tea, may be due to quantum effect called ‘entanglement’. This involves the particles (粒子) in the team interacting with their surroundings, being bound together and becoming harder to distinguish from each other—a one-way process that requires the forward progression of time to occur.
Theory 5: Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time. Last year, two cosmologists at the Yerevan Physics Institute showed that dark energy leads to the growth of entropy, a measure of disorder, in the Universe.

1．All the five theories imply that _____.A．time is flexible B．time is constant
C．time does go forth and back D．time does exist in some way
2．Which theory doesn’t include time?
A．Theory 1. B．Theory 2.
C．Theory 3. D．Theory 4.
3．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of dark energy?
A．It leads to the existence of multi-universities.
B．It is what keeps the universe in order.
C．It increases in strength with gravity.
D．It is what makes the universe get bigger.
【答案】1．D    2．B    3．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了关于时间的五个理论。
1．推理判断题。根据Theory 1 中“According to Caltech cosmologist (宇宙学家) Dr Sean Carroll, the flow of time from past to future may be the symptom of our Universe having emerged from another universe(根据加州理工大学宇宙学家肖恩·卡罗尔博士的说法，时间从过去到未来流动可能是我们的宇宙从另一个宇宙中出现的症状)”、Theory 2中“Some theorists believe this implies that time only exists in our minds.(一些理论家认为，这意味着时间只存在于我们的头脑中)”、Theory 3中“If true, this means that our very existence is proof that time does exist.(如果这是真的，这意味着我们的存在本身就是时间确实存在的证明)”、Theory 4中“a one-way process that requires the forward progression of time to occur(这是一个单向的过程，需要时间向前推移才能发生)”以及Theory 5中“Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time.(暗能量，一种神秘的反引力，驱动着宇宙的膨胀，可能与时间箭头的存在有关)”可知，五个理论都暗示了时间以某种形式确实存在。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Theory 2中“In 1967, two American theorists came up with an equation describing the quantum (量子) state of the whole Universe. Known as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, it includes many key features of the universe, such as its size. But one aspect is absent: time.(1967年，两位美国理论家提出了一个描述整个宇宙量子态的方程。它被称为Wheeler-DeWitt方程，包含了宇宙的许多关键特征，比如它的大小。但有一个方面是缺失的：时间)”可知，理论2不包括时间。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Theory 5中“Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time.(暗能量，一种神秘的反引力，驱动着宇宙的膨胀，可能与时间箭头的存在有关)”可知，暗能量驱动着宇宙的膨胀。故选D。

B
（2022春·甘肃金昌·高一永昌县第一高级中学校考期中）Li Zixuan is a junior middle school student. He is now studying in Grade 9. He has had many dreams since he was little. But as time goes by, some new dreams have appeared and some old ones have disappeared. However, only one dream is still in his mind.
Li Zixuan says that when he was a child, he heard about rockets and spaceships. At first, he didn’t know what they were. From his father, he knew that scientists made rockets to carry things into space, and spaceships were used to carry people through space. From then on, he has had a real interest in space. Every time he sees beautiful stars and the moon in the sky at night, he gets very excited. He is always dreaming that he can fly to space to look at the earth one day. His mother knows about his dream and often encourages him.
In school, Li Zixuan learned that the first man flew into space in 1961 and later, more astronauts succeeded in traveling into space. Some astronauts even landed on the moon. His teacher always encourages him to learn more. He knows not everyone has a chance to travel into space. More importantly, before he can fly to space, he must be trained specially.
Li Zixuan knows it’s not easy to achieve his dream, but he decides to try his best. He says I’ve had this dream for many years. It has brought me a lot of joy and always gives me power. Even if it doesn’t come true in the end, I won’t be sorry.”
4．What does the boy want to be when he grows up?
A．A scientist. B．A pilot. C．An engineer. D．An astronaut.
5．Who told the boy something about rockets and spaceships?
A．His father. B．His mother. C．His teacher. D．His friend.
6．What must the boy do before he can fly to space?
A．Study very hard. B．Get a driving license.
C．Do exercise every day. D．Get some special training.
7．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Dreams of a Boy B．The Love of a Father
C．An Excellent Hobby D．An Unusual Experience
【答案】4．D    5．A    6．D    7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个初中生的太空梦想。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He is always dreaming that he can fly to space to look at the earth one day.(他总是梦想有一天能飞到太空看地球)”可知，这个男孩长大后想当宇航员。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“From his father, he knew that scientists made rockets to carry things into space, and spaceships were used to carry people through space.(从他父亲那里，他知道科学家制造火箭是为了把东西送入太空，而宇宙飞船是用来载人穿越太空的)”可知，男孩的爸爸告诉他关于火箭和宇宙飞船的事情。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“More importantly, before he can fly to space, he must be trained specially.(更重要的是，在他能飞上太空之前，他必须接受专门的训练)”可知，飞入太空前他必须接受一些专门的训练。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“But as time goes by, some new dreams have appeared and some old ones have disappeared. However, only one dream is still in his mind.(但是随着时间的推移，一些新的梦想出现了，一些旧的已经消失了。然而，只有一个梦想还在他的脑海里)”及第二段中的“He is always dreaming that he can fly to space to look at the earth one day.(他总是梦想有一天能飞到太空看地球)”可知，文章主要讲述了一个男孩的太空梦想。由此可知，A. Dreams of a Boy(一个男孩的梦想)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。

C
（2023届广西桂林崇左市高三上学期联合调研考试（一调）英语试题）NASA is making preparations to send a crew to the moon who will explore the lunar surface with the hope of constructing a stable habitat. Although the American space agency focuses on just sending astronauts, other companies are looking further into the future for when humans will colonize the natural satellite.
Experts at Money, a company for consumer credit products, released the first-ever moon loan guide that reveals living on the lunar surface would cost $325,067 a month.
“With the Earth becoming increasingly populated and space technology advancing, it won’t be long before lunar living becomes the new normal,” reads the study. The team from Money used various factors to calculate the cost of a house on the moon: raw materials needed to build a house, the special materials needed to build on the moon’s atmosphere, astronauts required to travel to build, and the average cost of transporting materials to the moon.
According to the moon loan guide, the first fully functioning house on the moon would be $48, 454, 063, which is a high price for a home. The price includes adding life-saving details to homes such as air seals, industrial-strength air-conditioners and heaters. “Generating energy is vital when living in such extreme conditions, and therefore the cost of some supplies may force you to consider some alternative options. The most efficient way to generate electricity on the moon is to buy a small nuclear reactor costing S1. 3 million, “Money shares in the study. “Alternatively, 34 solar panels would generate enough electricity to run one house and cost only $23, 616 in comparison.”
The guide also reveals the most ideal locations on the moon, with “Sea of Rains” being considered” the perfect family suburb” — this region sits at the north and is one of the largest impact craters in the Solar System.
8．What’s the purpose of NASA sending a crew to the moon?
A．To encourage companies to release moon loan. B．To colonize the moon alone.
C．To explore the moon for natural resources. D．To build a lasting living place on the moon.
9．Which of the following was not considered when the team estimated the cost of a lunar house?
A．Materials needed to build a house on the moon.
B．The cost of looking for the most ideal location on the moon.
C．Astronauts needed to travel to build a house on the moon.
D．The average cost of transporting materials to the moon.
10．What can we infer from the study?
A．Lunar living won’t take long to become a reality.
B．The first house on the moon will be the most expensive home.
C．You will definitely buy a nuclear reactor to generate electricity on the moon.
D．The perfect location on the moon for living is the largest impact crater in the Solar System.
11．What’s the text mainly about?
A．The first loan guide about living on the moon.
B．The moon-the most ideal living place for humans.
C．NASA will send astronauts to the moon.
D．Living on the moon has become possible.
【答案】8．D    9．B    10．A    11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。消费信贷产品公司Money的专家发布了首个月球贷款指南，该指南显示，在月球表面生活每月将花费325067美元。文章主要讲述了月球生活所需费用。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“NASA is making preparations to send a crew to the moon who will explore the lunar surface with the hope of constructing a stable habitat.(美国国家航空航天局正在准备向月球派遣宇航员，他们将探索月球表面，希望建立一个稳定的栖息地)”可知，NASA送宇航员去月球的目的是希望在月球上建立一个稳定的居住地。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team from Money used various factors to calculate the cost of a house on the moon: raw materials needed to build a house, the special materials needed to build on the moon’s atmosphere, astronauts required to travel to build, and the average cost of transporting materials to the moon.(来自Money的团队使用各种因素来计算在月球上建造房子的成本：建造房子所需的原材料，在月球大气层上建造所需的特殊材料，宇航员需要旅行建造，以及将材料运输到月球的平均成本)”可知，当研究小组估计月球房屋的成本时，“在月球上寻找最理想地点的成本”没有被考虑。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句““With the Earth becoming increasingly populated and space technology advancing, it won’t be long before lunar living becomes the new normal,” reads the study.(该研究称：“随着地球人口越来越多，太空技术不断进步，用不了多久，月球生活就会成为新的常态。”)”可知，月球生活用不了多久就会成为现实。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Experts at Money, a company for consumer credit products, released the first-ever moon loan guide that reveals living on the lunar surface would cost $325,067 a month.(消费信贷产品公司Money的专家发布了首个月球贷款指南，该指南显示，在月球表面生活每月将花费325067美元)”结合后文都在围绕这个信贷指南讲述月球生活费用以及其他内容。故这篇文章主要讲的是第一本关于在月球上生活的贷款指南。故选A。

D
（辽宁省大连市2022-2023学年高二上学期12月期末英语试题）Astronauts floating around Earth might soon be able to make their own delicious, creamy breakfast. This is thanks to Australian high school students. They want to see if the astronauts can make yogurt in space!
Six students from Haileybury, a high school in Melbourne are participating in a program led by some scientists. They placed the bacteria (细菌) producing yogurt in a culture (培养菌) and packed 36 containers with frozen milk and the bacteria. Then, they sent the containers to the International Space Station (ISS), where the astronauts defrosted the frozen ingredients. These students are working with the scientists to study how bacteria react to microgravity, which is only a small part of the gravity we experience on Earth.
But how exactly do bacteria make yogurt? It all starts with the bacteria that live in milk. These bacteria eat some of the sugar in milk and create a kind of acid, which makes the milk thick and creamy. This process is fermentation (发酵).
The astronauts will study these containers to see how yogurts change depending on the type of milk — either full cream cow’s milk or soy milk. They will also test different fermentation time — either 24, 48 or 72 hours.
When the yogurts come back to Earth, the students will analyze their nutrients. One Haileybury student, Chiara Sgroi said one goal of the experiment is to figure out which yogurt is the most nutritious. “We can even get to taste them, which is pretty exciting,” said Sgroi.
One day, we might be able to send astronauts with some frozen bacteria and milk. We hope that they can easily make healthful yogurt in space.
12．What will the students study in the program?
A．What bacteria need to survive.
B．How bacteria react to microgravity.
C．Whether microgravity exists in space.
D．Why astronauts can’t make yogurt in space.
13．What do the astronauts need to make yogurt?
A．Bacteria and cream. B．Milk and acid.
C．Cream and sugar. D．Bacteria and milk.
14．What may make Sgori excited a lot?
A．Tasting the yogurts made in the ISS.
B．Making the most nutritious space yogurts.
C．Testing the yogurts in different temperatures.
D．Studying the nutrients of the yogurts in the ISS.
15．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Students Observe the Change of Yogurt in Space
B．Students Send Bacteria into Space to Make Yogurt
C．Students Find a New Way to Make Healthy Yogurt
D．Students Make Good Yogurt for Astronauts in Space
【答案】12．B    13．D    14．A    15．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了墨尔本黑利伯里高中的六名学生与国际空间站的宇航员合作，通过在太空制作酸奶来研究细菌对微重力的反应。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“These students are working with the scientists to study how bacteria react to microgravity, which is only a small part of the gravity we experience on Earth.(这些学生正在与科学家合作，研究细菌对微重力的反应，微重力只是我们在地球上所经历的重力的一小部分。)”可知，在这个项目中，学生将研究细菌对微重力的反应。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“They placed the bacteria (细菌) producing yogurt in a culture (培养菌) and packed 36 containers with frozen milk and the bacteria. Then, they sent the containers to the International Space Station (ISS), where the astronauts defrosted the frozen ingredients.(他们将产生酸奶的细菌放在培养皿中，并将冷冻牛奶和细菌装入36个容器。然后，他们将容器送到国际空间站（ISS），在那里宇航员将冷冻的成分解冻。)”可知，宇航员需要细菌和牛奶制作酸奶。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“One Haileybury student, Chiara Sgroi said one goal of the experiment is to figure out which yogurt is the most nutritious. “We can even get to taste them, which is pretty exciting,” said Sgroi.(黑利伯里的一名学生Chiara Sgroi说，实验的一个目标是找出哪种酸奶最有营养。斯格罗说:“我们甚至可以品尝它们，这非常令人兴奋。”)”可知，能够品尝在国际航空站制作的酸奶让Sgroi非常兴奋。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Six students from Haileybury, a high school in Melbourne are participating in a program led by some scientists. They placed the bacteria (细菌) producing yogurt in a culture (培养菌) and packed 36 containers with frozen milk and the bacteria. Then, they sent the containers to the International Space Station (ISS), where the astronauts defrosted the frozen ingredients. These students are working with the scientists to study how bacteria react to microgravity, which is only a small part of the gravity we experience on Earth. (来自墨尔本黑利伯里高中的六名学生正在参加一个由一些科学家领导的项目。他们将产生酸奶的细菌放在培养皿中，并将冷冻牛奶和细菌装入36个容器。然后，他们将容器送到国际空间站（ISS），在那里宇航员将冷冻的成分解冻。这些学生正在与科学家合作，研究细菌对微重力的反应，微重力只是我们在地球上所经历的重力的一小部分。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了墨尔本黑利伯里高中的六名学生与国际空间站的宇航员合作，通过在太空制作酸奶研究细菌对微重力的反应，因此推断B项“学生们把细菌送入太空来制作酸奶”为最佳标题，故选B。


第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022春·浙江·高二校联考期中）Have you ever dreamed of traveling to space? With many developments in space travel, you may soon be able to book a ticket.
The International Space Station (ISS) welcomed the first all-private team of astronauts on April 9. The four-man team made a flight hailed by NASA as a milestone (里程碑) in commercial spaceflight. ____16____. Let’s take a look.
Fly me to the moon
Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. ____17____. Finally it will spend three days returning. In addition to its historic first as a private lunar (月球) mission, the rocket’s flight path means it will go beyond the distance traveled by the US Apollo missions. The mission, called DearMoon, is scheduled for 2023.
Living in space hotel
Instead of squeezing (挤) into a space cabin (太空舱), how about enjoying your time in a hotel? ____18____. It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests. Developed by a US company, the space station will be a large circular (圆形的) structure. ____19____. It is similar to the gravity found on the surface of the moon.
Short space trip
While some people may like to stay in space for a long time, others may prefer to simply have a taste. Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. ____20____. The commercial tourist flights with a private space tourism company are arranged later this year.
A．The short space trip has appealed to some people.
B．It will climb to reach the edge of the atmosphere.
C．There are also many other space travel choices available.
D．It will rotate (旋转) to create artificial gravity.
E．The mission will take three days to fly to the moon and then orbit.
F．The world’s first space hotel is due to start construction in 2025.
G．The mission will enjoy the views of Earth.
【答案】16．C    17．E    18．F    19．D    20．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述去太空旅行的事情。
16．根据下文“Let’s take a look.”(让我们来看看)可知，下文提到一些去太空旅行的计划。选项C“还有许多其他的太空旅行可选择。”和下文意思一致。故选C。
17．根据上文“Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company.”(现年46岁的日本亿万富翁前泽佑树邀请了八名公众与他一起在埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）的SpaceX公司的帮助下进行月球之旅。)和下文“Finally it will spend three days returning.”(最后，它将花三天时间返回。)可知，中间要提到上月球的情况。选项E“这次任务将花三天时间飞向月球，然后进入轨道。”和上下文意思一致。故选E。
18．根据下文“It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests.”(预计将有餐厅、电影院和最多可容纳400名客人的房间。)可知，上文要提到在太空建立这些基础设施的问题。选项F“世界上第一家太空酒店将于2025年开工建设。”和下文意思一致。故选F。
19．根据下文“It is similar to the gravity found on the surface of the moon.”(它类似于月球表面的重力。)可知，这里提到重力的问题。选项D“它将旋转来创造人造重力。”和下文意思一致。故选D。
20．根据下文“The commercial tourist flights with a private space tourism company are arranged later this year.”(与一家私人太空旅游公司合作的商业旅游航班将于今年晚些时候安排。)可知，上文要提到这些旅行已经吸引了很多游客报名。选项A“这项短暂的太空旅行吸引了一些人。”和下文意思一致。故选A。

第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2022春·江苏盐城·高二江苏省响水中学校考期中）Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn’t it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like____21____ in zero gravity. However, without____22____, there are also plenty of things astronauts can’t do, and that’s very____23____. What’s worse, they can’t even let their sadness show — because it’s impossible to ____24____ in zero gravity.
Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space. Because of their ____25____ environment, tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes. This____26____ that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go — they just____27____ there. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew J. Feustel____28____ this during one of his spacewalks.
Besides making your ____29____ unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring _____30_____ to the eyes. But that’s not the case in space. “My right eye is painful like crazy,” Feustel told his teammate during the walk.
Since gravity doesn’t work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel _____31_____ to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait. “When the tears get big enough they_____32_____ break free of the eye and float around,” astronaut Ron Parise said.
In space, astronauts can’t eat or drink in _____33_____ ways. Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can’t even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food_____34_____ in their stomach. If they do burp, they just _____35_____ throwing up everything in their stomach. Thus, perhaps it’s only space explorers who can honestly say, “Gravity, you’re the best.”
21．A．leaping B．floating C．eating D．talking
22．A．gravity B．doubt C．aid D．effort
23．A．risky B．lifelike C．sad D．unfortunate
24．A．foresee B．view C．pray D．cry
25．A．dangerous B．extreme C．stable D．weightless
26．A．expects B．means C．demands D．shows
27．A．meet B．develop C．stay D．leave
28．A．witnessed B．acknowledged C．experienced D．suffered
29．A．mind B．vision C．sense D．idea
30．A．peace B．disaster C．stress D．comfort
31．A．chose B．decided C．stopped D．hesitated
32．A．fluently B．exactly C．efficiently D．simply
33．A．regular B．normal C．particular D．rational
34．A．out B．off C．down D．up
35．A．give up B．end up C．put off D．feel like
【答案】
21．B    22．A    23．C    24．D    25．D    26．B    27．C    28．C    29．B    30．D    31．A    32．D    33．B    34．C    35．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在没有重力的情况下，字航员所面对的一些生理方面的问题。如在太空中哭泣要难得多。由于失重的环境，眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流。眼泪要么留在眼眶里让人视觉模糊，感觉非常痛苦，要么只能等待它自行飘散。在太空中，宇航员也不能正常饮食。对他们来说，地心引力才是最棒的。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在太空中，他们可以做一些非常神奇的事情，比如在失重状态下漂浮。A. leaping跳跃；B. floating漂浮；C. eating吃；D. talking谈话。根据上文“some pretty amazing things”及下文中“in zero gravity”可知，在太空可以在失重状态下漂浮，这是很神奇的。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有地心引力，也有很多宇航员不能做的事情，这是非常可悲的。A. gravity地球引力；B. doubt怀疑；C. aid援助；D. effort努力。根据上文“like　　1　　 in zero gravity.”和however可知，此处指没有地心引力。故选A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有地心引力，也有很多宇航员不能做的事情，这是非常可悲的。A. risky危险的；B. lifelike逼真的；C. sad悲伤的；D. unfortunate不幸的。根据上文“However, without　　2　　, there are also plenty of things astronauts can’t do,”可知, 在没有地心引力的情况下，字航员不能做很多事情，这是令人很伤感的。sad“让人难过的”， 符合语境。下文中的sadness也是信息提示。故选C。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，他们甚至不能表现出他们的悲伤——因为在失重状态下是不可能哭的。A. foresee预见；B. view观察；C. pray祈祷；D. cry哭泣。根据上文“let their sadness show”和下文中的关键词tears及crying可知，此处指他们不能哭泣。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于失重的环境，眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流。A. dangerous危险的；B. extreme极端的；C. stable稳定的；D. weightless失重的。根据上文“in zero gravity.”及常识可知，在太空中没有重力。weightless“失重的”，符合语境。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去——它们只能停留在眼眶里。A. expects预期；B. means意味着；C. demands需求；D. shows展示。根据上文“tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes.”可知，太空中眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流，这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去。故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去——它们只能停留在眼眶里。A. meet遇见；B. develop发展；C. stay停留；D. leave离开。根据上文“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，此处表示眼泪只会停留在眼眶里。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2011年5月，宇航员Andrew J. Feustel在一次太空行走中经历了这一过程。A. witnessed目击；B. acknowledged承认；C. experienced经历；D. suffered遭受。根据下文“My right eye is 12 like crazy”可知 2011年5月，宇航员Andrew J. Feustel在太空中就经历过这样痛苦的事。experience“经历”，符合语境。故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了使你的视觉模糊，这也会导致身体疼痛。A. mind思维；B. vision视力；C. sense感觉；D. idea想法。根据上文“tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes”和“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，在太空流泪时，眼泪会停留在眼眶中。由此可知，当眼中含泪时，视觉会模糊。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在地球上，眼泪应该给眼睛带来舒适。A. peace和平；B. disaster灾难；C. stress压力；D. comfort舒适。根据上文“this can also cause physical pain”及下文“But that’s not the case in space.”可知，此处表示两种情况的对比。结合常识可知，在地球上，流泪会让眼睛感觉舒适。故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Feustel选择在头盔上擦眼睛来擦去眼泪。A. chose选择；B. decided决定；C. stopped停止；D. hesitated犹豫。根据下文中“Another choice is to just wait”中的choice可知，此处表示选择在头盔上擦眼睛来擦去眼泪。故选A。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意： “当眼泪大到一定程度时，它们只是挣脱了眼睛，四处漂浮，”宇航员Ron Parise说。A. fluently流利地；B. exactly恰好地；C. efficiently有效地；D. simply仅仅。根据空后“break free of the eye and float around”可知，此处应用simply，表示强调, 意为“仅仅, 只不过”。故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 在太空中，宇航员不能正常饮食。A. regular定期的；B. normal正常的；C. particular特别的；D. rational合理的。根据下文“Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can’t even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food　　14　　 in their stomach.”可知，此处指在太空中，宇航员不能以正常的方式吃或喝。normal“正常的”。故选B。
34．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至不能打嗝，因为没有重力把食物压在胃里。A. out从……里面出去；B. off离开；C. down往下；D. up向（较高位置）。根据上文“tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes.”可知，与流眼泪相似，吃食物时太空中也没有重力把食物压在胃里。结合语境可知，此处应用down。故选C。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果他们打嗝，他们只会把肚子里的东西都吐出来。A. give up放弃；B. end up(以……)结束；C. put off推迟；D. feel like想。根据上文“They can’t even burp (打嗝)”及下文“throwing up everything in their stomach.”可知，此处表示打嗝造成的结果，end up doing sth.“以……而告终”，符合语境。故选B。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2022·高一单元测试）Complete the passage with words from the text and pay attention to their correct forms.
For most people before the mid-20th century, it was impossible to travel into space. However, it was some scientists’ ____36____ to help humans to fulfill their dream of ____37____ space. With many experiments done, they had rockets made successfully, which could escape Earth’s ___38___. Then on 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and ___39___orbited around Earth. Some time after that, the USSR ___40___ on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American ___41___ Neil Armstrong said, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant ___42___ for mankind.” when he stepped on the moon. Following Russia and the US, China was the third country to send humans into space on its own in the Shenzhou 5 ___43___ in 2003 when Yang Liwei successfully ___44___ Earth, which was a main _____45_____ for China.
【答案】
36．determination    37．exploring    38．gravity    39．successfullly
    40．focused    41．astronaut    42．leap    43．spacecraft    44．orbited    45．achievement
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对太空的探索。
36．考查名词。句意：然而，正是一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。名词所有格scientists’后接名词形式。结合句意，故填determination。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，正是一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。dream of doing sth.梦想做某事。结合句意，故填exploring。
38．考查名词。句意：经过多次实验，他们成功地制造出了可以摆脱地球引力的火箭。名词所有格Earth’s后接名词形式。结合句意，故填gravity。
39．考查名词。句意：1957年10月4日，苏联发射了斯普特尼克1号卫星，并成功环绕地球运行。修饰动词orbited应用副词。结合句意，故填successfully。
40．考查动词。句意：在那之后的一段时间，苏联专注于将人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。focus on专注于，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填focused。
41．考查名词。句意：八年后，1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗说：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”形容词American后接名词形式。结合句意，故填astronaut。
42．考查名词。句意：八年后，1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗说：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”形容词giant后接名词形式。根据数词one可知，用名词的单数形式。结合句意，故填leap。
43．考查名词。句意：继俄罗斯和美国之后，2003年，中国是第三个依靠神舟五号飞船将人类送入太空的国家，那时杨利伟成功绕地球飞行，这是中国的一个主要成就。定冠词the后接名词形式。结合句意，故填spacecraft。
44．考查动词。句意同上。根据时间状语in 2003可知，用一般过去时。结合句意，故填orbited。
45．考查名词。句意同8小题。形容词main后接名词形式。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。结合句意，故填achievement。

第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
46．（2022春·山西·高三校联考阶段练习）假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校将举办以“中国航天”为主题的绘画展。请你写一则书面通知征集作品。内容包括：
1.绘画展的目的;
2.作品要求;
3.交稿地点及截止日期。参考词汇：航天 aerospace
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
NOTICE
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】One possible version:
NOTICE
To celebrate the inspiring progress Chinese space industry has made, our school is collecting paintings on the relevant topic. Therefore, the theme of this exhilaration is “China Aerospace”. All the students in our school are expected to participate in the activity. The content of the painting is supposed to show the advances in our space industry, including the space station, astronauts, spacecrafts, rockets, satellites, etc. All the paintings should be sent to the Students’ Union by the end of this Friday.
Looking forward to your participation!
The Students’ Union
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则书面通知，征集以“中国航天”为主题的绘画展作品。
【详解】1.词汇积累
因此：therefore→hence
参加：participate in →take part in
进步：advance →progress
相关的：relevant →related
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：All the students in our school are expected to participate in the activity.
拓展句：All the students who are studying in our school are expected to participate in the activity.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To celebrate the inspiring progress Chinese space industry has made, our school is collecting paintings on the relevant topic.（运用了不定式短语作目的状语）
【高分句型2】All the students in our school are expected to participate in the activity.（运用了被动语态）

第二节　读后续写(满分25分)
47．（2022秋·高一课时练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The quilt (被子) took a lot of time. But the messages on it were meaningful.
When I started my current project, I woke up every day with new ideas and fresh enthusiasm. I really believed in the importance of what I wanted to create, and I had my husband, Claudio, to cheer me on. But then, things had gotten hard. I injured my shoulder and my recovery was slow. In the middle of it, I lost Claudio to cancer. I was discouraged, lonely, and without Claudio’s comfort. Facing down the halffinished quilt in my sewing room one morning soon after his death, I could hardly gather the energy to sew it.
The quilt was meant to be a way to keep my old nursing class together. We’d graduated from Mercy College over 40 years before and quickly worked all over the country. After our last anniversary party, I tried to find ways for everyone to stay in touch, but nothing ever seemed to work out. I knew I needed to find a connection to share at a distance. I thought about a quilt.
I got in touch with as many of my old classmates as I could. Everyone who wanted to join the project was sent a piece of fabric (布料). They could sign it or write a personal message. Once I got the pieces back, I’d sew them into the finished piece.
I rubbed my painful shoulder and ran my hand over the unfinished quilt. Even after several operations, movement in my left arm was limited. There was still so much to do. Our class’s forty-fifth anniversary party was coming up but my heart wasn’t in this project anymore. With Claudio’s encouragement I’d kept at it despite my painful shoulder. But Claudio was gone now. Working on the quilt was impossible with my aches and pains. Why was I even trying? I covered up my sewing machine and left the quilt as it was.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Weeks passed but I didn’t sew a thing.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I arrived at our forty-fifth anniversary party.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】       Weeks passed but I didn’t sew a thing. I saw it one afternoon when I went into my sewing room. Quilting pieces covered the table. They were filled with colorful messages from my old classmates at Mercy College. I picked one up: “Mercy sisters—friends forever” The handwriting was messy, but the statement was true. I could almost imagine my old friends right beside me, whispering words of hope and love. Maybe I’m not as alone as I thought. Suddenly my project no longer seemed so frightening. No time to waste. I uncovered my sewing machine and got to work.
I arrived at our forty-fifth anniversary party. I was equipped with pictures of the finished quilt. The ladies cheered as the photos went from hand to hand, one dear friend to another. I couldn’t wait for them to hold the real thing, for them to be wrapped in the comfort of old friends, just like I had been when I needed it most.
【分析】文章讲述了作者想缝制一床被子，用来把曾经护理班的同学们联系起来。起初，在丈夫的鼓励下，作者充满热情，但后来，作者的肩膀受伤，丈夫又因为癌症去世，这让作者失去了对缝制被子的热情。作者护理班的45周年纪念派对即将到来，但她的心已经不在缝制被子上了，再加上肩膀的疼痛，她认为缝制被子是不可能的。于是，她盖上缝纫机，把被子留在原处。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几个星期过去了，但我什么也没缝。”可知，第一段可描写作者心态的变化，是什么让她再次燃起了对缝制被子的热情。
②由第二段首句内容“我到达了我们的45周年纪念派对。”可知，第二段可描写当作者把被子成品的照片给老同学们看时，他们的反应及作者的感受。
2.续写线索：无心缝制被子——看到老同学的信息——再次燃起了热情——被子缝制成功——老同学看到被子成品的照片——老同学的反应——作者的感受
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.走进，进入：go into/walk into
②.充满……：be filled with…/be full of…
③.开始工作：get to work/begin to work
情绪类
①.令人恐惧的：frightening/terrifying
②.孤独的：alone/solitary
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I saw it one afternoon when I went into my sewing room. （由when引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. The ladies cheered as the photos went from hand to hand, one dear friend to another. （由as引导的时间状语从句）