仁爱科普版版七年级英语下册期中复习讲义 考点5：可数名词与不可数名词的区分与用法含答案

这是一份仁爱科普版版七年级英语下册期中复习讲义 考点5：可数名词与不可数名词的区分与用法含答案，共12页。学案主要包含了基本概念，常见名词分类，可数名词复数变化规则，不可数名词的数量表达，既可数又不可数的名词，常用修饰词，经典例题解析，分层精练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、基本概念
可数名词（Cuntable Nuns）：可以用数目来计算的名词，有单数和复数形式。
apple → apples, bk → bks, student → students
不可数名词（Uncuntable Nuns）：不能用数目来计算的名词，没有复数形式，不能直接与a/an连用。
water, milk, bread, rice, meat, infrmatin
二、常见名词分类（Unit 7 重点）
可数名词
• 水果：apple, banana, range, pear, grape, strawberry
• 蔬菜：tmat, ptat, carrt, nin, bean, cucumber
• 物品：bk, pen, bag, shirt, dress, she, sck, hat
• 人物：student, teacher, friend, dctr, wrker
不可数名词
• 液体：water, milk, juice, tea, cffee, il, sup
• 食物：bread, rice, meat, beef, prk, chicken (肉), fish (肉), sugar, salt
• 抽象名词：advice, infrmatin, news, wrk, hmewrk, time, mney, help
• 其他：paper, air, weather, music, hair (作为整体)
三、可数名词复数变化规则（基础回顾）
1. 一般情况加 -s：apple→apples, bk→bks
2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es：bus→buses, bx→bxes, watch→watches
3. 以辅音+y结尾，变y为i加 -es：strawberry→strawberries, family→families
4. 以 结尾，有生命加 -es，无生命加 -s：ptat→ptates, tmat→tmates, pht→phts
5. 以 f/fe 结尾，变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es：knife→knives, leaf→leaves
6. 不规则变化：man→men, wman→wmen, child→children, ft→feet, tth→teeth, muse→mice
例：I have tw ptates and three tmates.
四、不可数名词的数量表达
不可数名词不能直接加数词，需要用“数量词 + f + 不可数名词”来表示数量。
• a glass f water (一杯水)
• a cup f tea (一杯茶)
• a bttle f milk (一瓶牛奶)
• a bwl f rice (一碗米饭)
• a piece f bread (一片面包)
• a piece f news (一条新闻)
• a kil f meat (一公斤肉)
• tw bags f rice (两袋大米)
• three glasses f juice (三杯果汁)
例：I'd like tw bttles f milk and a piece f bread.
五、既可数又不可数的名词（易错点）
有些名词在不同语境下既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，但意义不同。
• chicken：不可数（鸡肉）；可数（小鸡）
I like chicken. (鸡肉) There are sme chickens n the farm. (小鸡)
• fish：不可数（鱼肉）；可数（鱼，复数形式常不变或加-es）
I dn't eat fish. (鱼肉) I caught three fish. (三条鱼)
• fruit：不可数（水果总称）；可数（种类）
I like fruit. (水果) There are many fruits in the shp. (多种水果)
• hair：不可数（头发整体）；可数（一根头发）
She has lng hair. (头发) I fund a grey hair. (一根白发)
• paper：不可数（纸张）；可数（报纸、论文）
I need sme paper t write n. (纸张) I read a paper yesterday. (报纸)
• time：不可数（时间）；可数（次数、倍数）
I dn't have much time. (时间) I have been there three times. (次数)
六、常用修饰词
修饰可数名词复数： many, a few, few, several, a number f, lts f, plenty f
many apples, a few bks, several students
修饰不可数名词： much, a little, little, a great deal f, lts f, plenty f
much water, a little milk, a great deal f time
两者都可修饰： sme, any, a lt f, lts f, plenty f, enugh
sme apples / sme water, a lt f bks / a lt f mney
七、经典例题解析
例1： Hw many ______ d yu need?
A. milk B. bread C. eggs D. rice
解析： Hw many修饰可数名词复数，eggs是可数名词复数。答案：C
例2： I'd like tw ______ f ______.
A. glass; milk B. glasses; milks C. glasses; milk D. glass; milks
解析： tw glasses f milk，milk不可数，glass变复数。答案：C
例3： There is ______ chicken n the plate. Help yurself.
A. many B. a few C. sme D. several
解析： chicken表示鸡肉时不可数，用sme修饰。答案：C
例4： — Wuld yu like sme ______? — Yes, please. I'm thirsty.
A. bread B. apples C. ranges D. water
解析： thirsty表示口渴，需要水。答案：D
八、分层精练（共40题）
A组 · 判断下列名词是可数（C）还是不可数（U）（每题1分，共12分）
1. apple ______ 2. water ______ 3. milk ______ 4. banana ______
5. bread ______ 6. bk ______ 7. rice ______ 8. meat ______
9. tmat ______ 10. juice ______ 11. infrmatin ______ 12. mney ______
B组 · 用所给名词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分）
1. I want t buy tw ______ (apple).
2. There is sme ______ (milk) in the fridge.
3. Hw many ______ (tmat) d yu need?
4. I'd like three ______ (glass) f ______ (water).
5. There are many ______ (child) in the park.
6. She desn't eat ______ (meat).
7. Hw much ______ (bread) d yu want?
8. These ______ (ptat) are very fresh.
9. I have a lt f ______ (hmewrk) tday.
10. He gave me sme useful ______ (advice).
C组 · 单项选择（每题2分，共16分）
1. Hw many ______ are there in the basket?
A. milk B. bread C. apples D. rice
2. I'd like tw ______ f ______.
A. cup; tea B. cups; teas C. cups; tea D. cup; teas
3. There is ______ chicken n the plate. It's delicius.
A. many B. a few C. sme D. several
4. — Wuld yu like sme ______? — Yes, please. I'm thirsty.
A. bread B. apples C. ranges D. water
5. Hw much ______ d yu need?
A. apples B. bananas C. milk D. eggs
6. I have ______ hmewrk t d tday.
A. many B. a few C. a lt f D. several
7. She bught tw ______ f ______ at the supermarket.
A. kil; tmat B. kils; tmates C. kil; tmates D. kils; tmat
8. — What wuld yu like? — I'd like sme ______.
A. apple juice B. apples juice C. apple juices D. apples juices
D组 · 改错（每句只有一处错误，找出并改正，每题2分，共10分）
1. I need tw glasses f milks.
2. Hw many bread d yu want?
3. There are sme chicken n the plate.
4. I'd like a cup f teas.
5. She has a lt f hmewrks t d.
E组 · 根据汉语完成句子（每题2分，共10分）
1. 我想要两杯茶。
I'd like tw ______ ______ ______.
2. 冰箱里有一些牛奶。
There is ______ ______ in the fridge.
3. 你需要多少公斤苹果？
Hw many ______ f ______ d yu need?
4. 她没有给我任何建议。
She didn't give me ______ ______.
5. 我买了一些鸡肉和三个土豆。
I bught sme ______ and three ______.
F组 · 语篇填空（每空1分，共8分）
Yesterday, my mther went t the supermarket t buy sme ______ (1) (食物). First, she bught sme ______ (2) (苹果) and ______ (3) (香蕉). Then she bught tw ______ (4) (瓶) f ______ (5) (牛奶). She als bught a piece f ______ (6) (面包) and sme ______ (7) (鸡肉). At last, she bught a kil f ______ (8) (西红柿). She spent 100 yuan in ttal.
九、参考答案（教师用卷）
A组：
1. C 2. U 3. U 4. C 5. U 6. C 7. U 8. U 9. C 10. U 11. U 12. U
B组：
1. apples 2. milk 3. tmates 4. glasses; water 5. children 6. meat 7. bread 8. ptates 9. hmewrk 10. advice
C组：
1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A
D组：
1. milks → milk 2. many → much 3. are → is 4. teas → tea 5. hmewrks → hmewrk
E组：
1. cups f tea 2. sme milk 3. kils; apples 4. any advice 5. chicken; ptates
F组：
1. fd 2. apples 3. bananas 4. bttles 5. milk 6. bread 7. chicken 8. tmates