高考英语二轮-完形填空夹叙夹议（讲义）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-完形填空夹叙夹议（讲义）（学生版），共10页。学案主要包含了利用首句查明说明对象解题2，利用逻辑关系解题6，利用词语搭配解题9，利用背景和常识解题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
\l "_Tc17226" 01考情透视·目标导航1
02 \l "_Tc18151" 知识导图·思维引航2
\l "_Tc25540" 03考点突破·考向探究2
\l "_Tc20799" 考点一 利用首句查明说明对象解题2
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】2
【 \l "_Tc11164" 核心精讲】3
【 \l "_Tc28075" 命题预测】3
\l "_Tc29041" 考点二 利用逻辑关系解题6
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】6
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 6
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】6
\l "_Tc29325" 考点三 利用词语搭配解题9
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】9
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 9
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】9
\l "_Tc29325" 考点四 利用背景和常识解题 PAGEREF _Tc29325 \h 12
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】 PAGEREF _Tc30789 \h 12
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 13
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】13
完形填空
一．解题步骤
1.读首句--了解文章的主要人物、时间和事件等。
2.文章梳理：故事情节+情感变化+语篇主题+文本结构
阅读注意点：词汇衔接，逻辑衔接，语境暗示，情感态度变化，背景知识
答题注意点：1.预测、推断并选择答案
2.标记不确定答案的题
3.验证答案，必要时修改答案
4.验证并修改第一轮不确定的答案
二．解题技巧
1. 利用关联词汇2. 活用逻辑推断
3. 巧用语境提示4. 偶用背景知识
5. 借用情感态度6. 运用固定搭配
考点一 利用首句查明说明对象
（2024·北京西城·二模）Yu may have heard f the famus wrkplace cmmunicatin sftware, Slack. Many cmpanies use Slack t virtually cmmunicate acrss teams. What mst peple dn’t knw is that Slack, despite its 46 , was never meant t exist.
46．A．prblemB．histryC．successD．limitatin
完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不设空，往往是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，通常起着开启、概括或贯穿全文的作用。完形填空的语篇以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物或起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。 仔细分析文章的首句，往往维获取许多解题信息，从而节省考生的做题时间。
利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测文章的发展。
若首句交代了when, where, wh, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。
（24-25高三上·北京丰台·期末）In ur cmmunity, water has been scarce (稀缺的) fr weeks in many hmes. Thankfully, my dad’s fresight blessed ur hme with a(n) 1 well that prvides us with fresh water every day.
One Sunday, we arrived hme frm a wedding. There were ur 2 neighburs, sitting amng a pile f buckets, bttles, and anything they culd fill water in. Cncern immediately filled my heart. Upn enquiry, they replied they had been 3 fr the water truck in the baking heat fr hurs.
Seeing these, I remembered the cmmunity spirit f “I am because we are”. I felt an urge t 4 ur neighburs. My family all agreed with me. We 5 them t cllect water frm ur well. We pened the gate and cnnected the hsepipe.
Very quickly, the wrd spread, and ld and yung frm the cmmunity 6 t cllect water with varius-sized cntainers. It was a feel-gd mment fr me and heartwarming t watch the yung help the elderly carry their water hme befre 7 fr their wn buckets.
Finally, the water truck arrived. By that time we must have prvided water fr arund 50-plus peple, which made them 8 and grateful. We als arranged a time fr them t cme the fllwing day if there was still n water available.
And as lng as ur family’s well is wrking, we 9 ur spirit. It is the fundamental recgnitin that individual acts f kindness will spread and grw int a 10 that can vercme even the severest shrtages. We are strnger tgether.
1．A．ancientB．ppularC．preciusD．abandned
2．A．desperateB．pliteC．kindD．bred
3．A．searchingB．waitingC．planningD．applying
4．A．helpB．bserveC．visitD．frgive
5．A．drveB．taughtC．encuragedD．challenged
6．A．struggledB．vlunteeredC．hesitatedD．gathered
7．A．lkingB．returningC．askingD．sending
8．A．amusedB．freeC．prudD．relieved
9．A．identifyB．understandC．practiseD．learn
10．A．styleB．symblC．cnceptD．frce
考点二 利用逻辑关系
(2022北京)
Withut a wrd, I rushed him t the hspital. He was treated fr frstbite n his hands. He'd need time t 5 , and wuldn't cme fr class the next day, I thught.
5. A. recver B. play
C. change D. wait
完形填空对于逻辑关系的考查有两种形式，一种是借助逻辑关系辨析词义，即把逻辑关系作为一种解题工具；另一种则直接选择逻辑关系标志词。
完形填空中考查的逻辑关系词通常是连词、副词、连词或副词短语，所表达的语义关系表现为转折、让步、因果、对比、列举、递进、增补、总结等。通过前后句的意思及其内在关系，判定答案。
一些逻辑关系词：转折：hwever，thugh，in fact，but 让步：even if，althugh，while
因果：because对比：whereas，while递进：indeed，even，abve all举例：fr example，fr instance，such as增补：als目的：s同位：similarly总结：s far条件：when，if
One f the best feelings is knwing that I have made a(n) 1 impact n anther persn’s life.
During my freshman year, I gt my first real jb at Dunkin’ Dnuts. I quickly became aware that custmers’ 2 was imprtant, s I tried t prvide the best service that I culd. I still remember ne custmer vividly, an elderly gentleman named Frank. He came in every Sunday afternn and rdered a medium cffee with tw ld-fashined dnuts. Immediately after I saw him pull int the parking lt, I 3 his rder, having it ready by the time he walked in. If I had n ther wrk t d, I sat and talked with him. We learned a lt abut each ther. I culd nt help feeling srry fr him because his wife had recently passed away.
After a year f wrking every weekend, I eventually decided t leave and turned in my tw-week ntice. The mst difficult part f 4 was nt telling my bss, but infrming Frank. I felt like I was 5 him. When I finally brught it up, he 6 replied, “Oh, that’s t bad. I’m sure that the staff will miss yu.” I began t think that ur visits held n real imprtance t him, and that he wuld be just as 7 enjying his fd alne. 8 , n my last day, Frank came in with a card that simply read, “Yur kindness during the time we have spent tgether is heartwarming. Yu had n 9 t speak a wrd t me, let alne shw a real interest in ur cnversatins. Few things have brught me mre pleasure than ur weekly visits. Thank yu.”
A amunt f 10 I received fr such minr effrts is mind-blwing. Giving up my weekends fr a year was a small price t pay t grasp the remarkable effects f kindness.
1．A．bviusB．simpleC．immediateD．psitive
2．A．cnditinB．appearanceC．satisfactinD．behavir
3．A．tkB．preparedC．fllwedD．accepted
4．A．quittingB．agreeingC．rememberingD．serving
5．A．embarrassingB．ignringC．cheatingD．abandning
6．A．firmlyB．calmlyC．angrilyD．sadly
7．A．cnfidentB．excitedC．cntentD．interested
8．A．MeanwhileB．TherefreC．MreverD．Hwever
9．A．dutyB．rightC．excuseD．intentin
10．A．admiratinB．expectatinC．appreciatinD．instructin
考点三 利用词语搭配
【2022北京卷】
That cld Mnday mrning, he waited a lng, lng while fr adults t ____9____. T a child, every minute feels like frever. He didn’t attempt t walk back hme; he waited and trusted. This five-year-ld taught me a pwerful lessn in _____10_____ .
9. A. shw upB. pull upC. hld upD. line up
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse, called Thinking Chess, fr three credits (学分). I 1 the idea f taking the class because, after all, wh desn’t want t 2 a few dllars? Mre than that, I’d always wanted t learn chess. And, even if I weren’t excited enugh abut free credits, news abut ur instructr was appealing enugh t me. He was an internatinal grandmaster, which meant I wuld be learning frm ne f the game’s 3 . I culd hardly wait t meet him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a frmer graduate returning t teach, and this jb was n game fr him: he meant business. In his intrductin, he made it clear that ur credits wuld be hard-earned. In rder t 4 the class, amng ther criteria (标准), we had t write a paper n hw we plan t 5 what we wuld learn in class t ur future prfessins and, eventually, t ur lives. I managed t get an A in that 6 and learned life lessns that have served me well beynd the 7 .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting t use what he taught me: “The abslute mst imprtant 8 that yu learn when yu play chess is hw t make gd decisins. On every single mve yu have t 9 a situatin, prcess what yur ppnent (对手) is ding and evaluate the best mve frm amng all yur ptins.” These wrds still ring true tday in my 10 as a jurnalist.
1．A．put frwardB．jumped atC．tried utD．turned dwn
2．A．wasteB．earnC．saveD．pay
3．A．fastestB．easiestC．rarestD．best
4．A．attendB．passC．skipD．bserve
5．A．addB．expseC．applyD．cmpare
6．A．curseB．presentatinC．gameD．experiment
7．A．criterinB．classrmC．departmentD．situatin
8．A．factB．stepC．mannerD．skill
9．A．analyzeB．describeC．rebuildD．cntrl
10．A．behavirB．desireC．cncernD．rle
考点四 利用背景常识
【2021北京卷】
The train mved n．The little by was ____5____ awake n his mther's lap，but the wman drpped ff t sleep．A mment later，he began t____6____the half-pen windw—ne leg went ver it．The man jumped up and ____7____the child just befre he fell ut．
The____8____ wke up the wman．She seemed t be in____9____，and then reality dawned （显现）．“Yur child has been lking fr an pprtunity t climb ut f the windw，”the man said as he gave the child back t her. ．“S I have been watching the whle time．”The wman was _____10_____，and s was I．
7. A. grabbedB. rckedC. tuchedD. picked
8. A. alarmB. quarrelC. riskD. nise
9. A. srrwB. reliefC. panicD. pain
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。另外，利用生活常识和文化背景解题也需要考生结合逻辑推断，谨慎选择。
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）A nurse named Aly Hgarth has reunited with a mther and daughter at the same hspital ship 30 years after saving their lives.
In 1993, Ms Hgarth was turing a hspital ship in Sierra Lene when she knew that a patient Catherine Cnteh needed a Caesarean sectin (剖腹产手术), but she culdn’t 1 it. Ms Hgarth cntacted her clleagues and they paid fr the 170 surgery, s that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, culd be 2 . Later, Ms Hgarth vlunteered t take care f her in the hspital, 3 her wund and teaching her hw t feed the baby. In this way Ms Hgarth frmed a 4 with the mther and the baby, but they lst 5 when she returned hme t New Zealand.
Ms Hgarth, nw 52, vlunteered fr charity Mercy Ships. Surprisingly, she 6 Catherine and Regina at the same hspital ship. They bth became nurses, inspired by Ms Hgarth, and Regina nw has a child f her wn.
Ms Hgarth said, “T see Catherine in persn again, it’s very unreal really. It’s nt smething I 7 expected until we made cntact again. Fr me, I felt 8 at the mment when we met and didn’t knw hw t react.” “We just cried and cried,” Catherine said. “Regina and I wuld have died withut Ms Hgarth’s pure lve.”
“It’s really 9 t see Catherine again,” Ms Hgarth shared. “I thught abut her every time I tld that stry fr the last 30 years. I knw it was a significant time — realizing that yu can make a real 10 by ding smething.”
1．A．cancelB．bearC．affrdD．accept
2．A．examinedB．deliveredC．adptedD．attended
3．A．receivingB．remvingC．dressingD．discvering
4．A．habitB．traditinC．planD．bnd
5．A．tuchB．cntrlC．hpeD．directin
6．A．called nB．came acrssC．lked afterD．kept ff
7．A．everB．stillC．evenD．just
8．A．inspiredB．disappintedC．cncernedD．excited
9．A．impssibleB．amazingC．challengingD．simple
10．A．effrtB．cmmitmentC．decisinD．difference
年份
体裁
词数
话题
考点分布
命题趋势
动词
名词
形容词
副词
2024
记叙文
279
人与自我：走出自己的舒适区
4
4
1
1
主题语境为“人与自我”和“人与社会”为主的记叙文体
2023
记叙文
273
人与社会：幽默反思课堂纪律
6
2
1
1
2022
记叙文
253
人与社会：信任与等待的感人故事
5
1
3
1
2021
记叙文
238
人与社会：家庭传统与爱的传承
4
3
2
1
2020
记叙文
382
人与社会：音乐梦想与友情力量
11
6
2
1