北京市东城区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末统一测试英语试卷 含解析

这是一份北京市东城区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末统一测试英语试卷 含解析，共20页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A， was bserved等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When 19-year ld Alice Dickinsn fund ut her father had cancer, her ___1___ was a little different than yu might expect. T hnr her father, wh she als describes as her best friend, she decided t start a bk drive called Fr Lve, ___2___ bks fr kids with cancer.
“It was very much an vernight idea,” she explains. “I psted a message n an app asking my neighbrs fr used bk dnatins. I was nly expecting a few here and there, but the respnse was truly ___3___ and it was just the push I needed t c-exist with my sadness rather than letting it ___4___ me.”
“It was abslutely heartbreaking t watch my dad ___5___ cancer and see him lse a little bit f himself each day, but the bk drive allwed me t ___6___ a newfund sense f purpse mixed with an even greater sense f sympathy and desire t help thers. I wanted t help ___7___. They’ve always held a sft spt in my heart.”
Using the ___8___ she earns frm wrking at her parents’ bread shp, Alice has bught many bks ut f her wn pcket. In additin, she receives dnatins thrugh her nline wishlist. Alice spent a whle summer driving arund twn, lading bxes f bks int her car. “It was such a unique experience t knw peple had carried these bks all their lives thrugh generatins, and they wanted t ___9___ them t my cause.”
The prject has seen a huge ___10___, with Fr Lve dnating ver 15,000 bks and being widely recgnized by the media.
1. A. sufferingB. explanatinC. respnseD. treatment
2 A. writingB. prmtingC. readingD. cllecting
3. A. apprpriateB. incredibleC. familiarD. immediate
4. A. excuseB. cnsumeC. dismissD. tuch
5. A. thrw ffB. keep frmC. lk intD. g thrugh
6. A. evaluateB. develpC. regainD. prvide
7. A. kidsB. neighbrsC. friendsD. parents
8. A. creditB. interestC. awardsD. tips
9. A. giftB. lendC. submitD. mail
10 A. marketB. prfitC. successD. demand
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自美国马里兰州的19岁的爱丽丝·狄金森发起一场名为“为了爱”的图书募捐活动，为患有癌症的孩子收集书籍的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当19岁的爱丽丝·狄金森发现她的父亲得了癌症时，她的反应和你想象的有点不同。A. suffering痛苦；B. explanatin解释；C. respnse反应；D. treatment对待。根据下文“she decided t start a bk drive called Fr Lve”可知，此处是指面对父亲的疾病她的“反应”有点不同。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了纪念她的父亲，她也称父亲是她最好的朋友，她决定发起一场名为“为了爱”的图书募捐活动，为患有癌症的孩子收集书籍。A. writing写；B. prmting促进；C. reading读；D. cllecting收集。根据上文“she decided t start a bk drive called Fr Lve,(她决定发起一场名为“为了爱”的图书募捐活动，)”可知，此处是指“收集”图书。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只期待着这里和那里的一些，但反应真的令人难以置信，这正是我需要与悲伤共存的动力，而不是让悲伤吞噬我。A. apprpriate合适的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. immediate立刻的。上文“I was nly expecting a few here and there,(我只期待着这里和那里的一些，)”提到了作者的期望不高，再根据空格前的but可知，上下文之间是转折关系，所以此处指反应是“令人难以置信的”。故选B项。
4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. excuse原谅；B. cnsume消耗、吞噬；C. dismiss解雇；D. tuch触摸。上文“it was just the push I needed t c-exist with my sadness(这正是我需要与悲伤共存的推动力)”提到了要与悲伤共存，再根据rather than可知，此处应该与上文相反，是指而不是让悲伤“吞噬”我。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：看着父亲与癌症作斗争，看着他每天都失去一点自我，这绝对令人心碎，但这次图书募捐活动让我产生了一种新的使命感，同时也产生了更强烈的同情心和帮助他人的愿望。A. thrw ff摆脱；B. keep frm阻止；C. lk int调查；D. g thrugh通过。根据上文heartbreaking和空格后的cancer可知，此处是指看到父亲“经历、经受”癌症，是令人心碎的。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. evaluate评价；B. develp发展，产生；C. regain重新获得；D. prvide提供。根据下文“I wanted t help(我想帮助)”可知，此处是指“产生了”一种使命感。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想帮助孩子们。A. kids小孩；B. neighbrs邻居；C. friends朋友；D. parents父母。根据上文“bks fr kids with cancer.”和下文“They’ve always held a sft spt in my heart(他们一直是我心中的软肋)”可知，此处是指想帮助“孩子们”。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱丽丝用在父母的面包店里打工挣来的小费，自掏腰包买了许多书。A. credit信用；B. interest兴趣；C. awards奖励；D. tips小费。根据下文“Alice has bught many bks ut f her wn pcket(爱丽丝自掏腰包买了许多书)”可知，此处是指使用打工挣来的“小费”。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道人们世世代代都在携带这些书，他们想把它们献给我的事业，这是一种独特的经历。A. gift赠送；B. lend借出；C. submit提交；D. mail邮寄。根据上文“I psted a message n an app asking my neighbrs fr used bk dnatins.”可知，此处是指他们把书“赠送、献给”作者的事业。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目取得了巨大的成功，“为了爱”捐赠了超过1.5万本书，并得到了媒体的广泛认可。A. market市场；B. prfit利润；C. success成功；D. demand要求。根据下文“Fr Lve dnating ver 15,000 bks and being widely recgnized by the media.(捐赠图书15000多本，受到媒体广泛认可。)”可知，该项目取得了巨大“成功”。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My six-year-ld daughter, Rna, listened attentively t the radi n the hardships peple suffered ___11___ pr areas. It was the day after Rna’s birthday and her grandmther had given her sme mney. When the ffering basket came arund, Rna ___12___ (reach) int her pcket, pulled ut her birthday mney, and put it in the basket. “Yur grandmther wanted yu t use that t buy smething nice fr ___13___ (yu),” I said. “I did,” Rna replied with a big smile. “I bught happiness.”
【答案】11. in 12. reached
13. yurself
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的女儿把祖母给她的生日钱捐给了贫困地区的人民。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：我六岁的女儿罗纳聚精会神地听着广播，讲述贫困地区人民所遭受的苦难。表示“在贫困地区”短语为in pr area。故填in。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：当礼物篮出来时，罗纳把手伸进口袋，拿出生日钱，放进篮子里。根据上文When the ffering basket came arund可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填reached。
【13题详解】
考查代词。句意：“你奶奶想让你用它给自己买点好东西，”我说。结合语境，此处表示“你自己”应用反身代词yurself。故填yurself。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sme peple are living very lng lives. What are sme f their secrets t lngevity? ___14___(eat) the right fd plays a big rle. Exercise is als imprtant. A study fund that peple wh exercised at ___15___(recmmend) levels gained 3-4 years f life cmpared t thse ___16___ were inactive. In additin, there is als a link between happiness and lifespan — happy peple with a psitive utlk n life tend t live ___17___(lng) and experience better health than their unhappy peers.
【答案】14. Eating##T eat
15. recmmended
16. wh 17. lnger
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了长寿的一些秘诀，包括合理饮食、锻炼和积极心态等方面。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：吃正确的食物起着很大的作用。“(eat) the right fd”作主语，eat应用非谓语动词；此处可用动名词作主语表一般情况，也可用不定式作主语表具体情况；句首单词首字母大写。故填Eating/T eat。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项研究发现，与不运动的人相比，按建议水平锻炼的人能多活3-4年。此处应用非谓语动词作主语，recmmend与其逻辑主语levels之间是被动关系，表示“被建议的水平”，用过去分词表被动。故填recmmended。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一项研究发现，与不运动的人相比，按建议水平锻炼的人能多活3-4年。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thse，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词wh引导该从句。故填wh。
【17题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：此外，快乐和寿命之间也有联系——对生活持积极态度的快乐的人往往比不快乐的同龄人活得更长、更健康。结合句意和句中than their unhappy peers可推知，句中指对生活持积极态度的快乐的人比不快乐的同龄人“活得更长”，有比较级含义，用副词lng的比较级形式lnger。故填lnger。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study shws 176 bird species have been fund t build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. ___18___ wrries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study ___19___ (review) research cvering almst 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests n all cntinents except Antarctica. While such behaviur ___20___ (bserve) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undubtedly increased.
【答案】18. What
19. reviews
20. was bserved
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，已经发现176种鸟类用塑料袋和渔网等人类垃圾筑巢。科学家们担心的是，这些材料会伤害雏鸟甚至成年鸟。
【18题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：科学家们担心的是，这些材料会伤害雏鸟甚至成年鸟。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用what，首字母大写。故填What。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：这项研究回顾了覆盖近35000个巢穴的研究，发现除南极洲外，所有大陆的鸟类都在巢穴中使用人造材料。根据后文and finds可知为一般现在时，主语为study，谓语用三单形式。故填reviews。
【20题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：尽管早在19世纪30年代就观察到了这种行为，但近年来这种行为无疑有所增加。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in the 1830s可知发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为behaviur，谓语用单数。故填was bserved。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Cnnected t each ther like never befre, yung peple tday are becming agents f change, increasingly cntributing t innvative slutins that imprve peple’s lives and the planet’s health.
The United Natins Institute fr Training and Research is therefre delighted t launch the Yung Leaders Online Training Prgramme, a fur-week e-Learning curse, t prvide participants with the knwledge and skills t fully unfld their ptential as glbal leaders.
◆CONTENT
◇Online Learning Mdules
Mdule 1: The United Natins (3-9 June 2024)
Mdule 2: Cnference Diplmacy (外交) (10-16 June 2024)
Mdule 3: Sustainable Develpment Gals (17-23 June 2024)
Mdule 4: Internatinal Cmmunicatin (24-30 June 2024)
Each mdule will cmprise abut 30 pages f literature, external links, vides, and ther relevant material, crrespnding t a ttal wrklad f 40-45 hurs during the fur weeks.
◇Live Cmpnents
Each e-Learning mdule will g with a series f live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and frmats, including e-wrkshps, mck (模拟的) interviews, etc.
◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS
Participants are qualified fr a curse certificate upn successful cmpletin f the cmpnents belw:
◇Reading the fur mdules’ cntent. Yu may wish t study the material thrugh the interactive prgramme Articulate Stryline r simply dwnlad the PDF versin f the cntent. They are identical in cntent and are meant t give participants flexibility in the way t study.
◇Participatin in the discussin bard frums (论坛). Yu are suppsed t answer questins n every mdule in shrt texts. Yur psts will be evaluated accrding t bth quantity and quality.
◇Passing the multiple-chice assessments. Each mdule features an assessment quiz at its end. It cntains 10 questins, and passing the mdule requires at least 8 ut f 10 questins crrectly answered.
21. What is the main aim f the curse?
A. T imprve the lives f yung peple.B. T cnnect the yuth arund the wrld.
C. T cllect innvative ideas frm yung peple.D. T build up the yuth’s glbal leadership ability.
22. What will participants d in each mdule?
A. Read great wrks f literature.B. Spend 40-45 hurs n learning.
C. Make vides fr the United Natins.D. Have nline meetings with UN experts.
23. T get a curse certificate, a participant needs t ______.
A. take part in the discussinsB. pst questins n each mdule
C. cpy the PDF versin f the cntentD. answer all the test questins crrectly
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国训练研究所推出青年领袖在线培训计划，这是一个为期四周的电子学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“a fur-week e-Learning curse, t prvide participants with the knwledge and skills t fully unfld their ptential as glbal leaders. (为期四周的在线学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。)”可知，该课程的主要目标是培养青少年的全球领导能力。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据◇Live Cmpnents下面的“Each e-Learning mdule will g with a series f live meetings with UN experts. (每个电子学习模块都将伴随与联合国专家的一系列现场会议。)”可知，参与者将在每个模块中与联合国专家举行在线会议。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS(完成要求)中的第二条“◇Participatin in the discussin bard frums (论坛). (参与讨论板论坛)”可知，为了获得课程证书，参与者需要参与讨论，故选A。
B
When I first heard abut the imprv(即兴表演) classes, I was trn. As an intrvert, I feared getting n stage and imprvising in frnt f strangers. Hwever, I knew I wanted t wrk as a science cmmunicatr after finishing my Ph.D., s it seemed like the perfect pprtunity t imprve my speaking ability and gain cnfidence thinking n my feet.
During ur first class, we learned a cre cncept f imprv: “yes, and.” It means that, as imprvisers, we accept what fellw perfrmers say. If smene says that rhins(犀牛) are librarians, fr example, then rhins are librarians. We d nt questin the lgic; we say “yes” and cntinue with the scene as if n him is wrng.
I gt a taste f hw difficult that was when acting ut my first scene. My classmate turned t me and said, “Mm is ging t be s mad.” Mad abut what? My mind spun ut ideas, and my inner critic sht them all dwn. We brke the car? N, that’s t easy. We failed a test? N, yu dn’t want yur classmates thinking yu’re stupid n the first day. I finally landed n an answer: “Yes, we’re ging t be late fr dinner.” The scene prceeded frm there, and we eventually finished as tw sisters wh lst their way n a hiking trail.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned int mnths, I became mre cmfrtable thinking n my feet and even started t enjy ur classes. I never silenced my inner critic entirely, but ver time, I didn’t plice my wrds with quite s much effrt. I als became better at listening, relating t my cnversatin partners, and cmmunicating clearly in the mment.
That training prved useful 6 mnths ag, when my experiments generated unreasnable data. Early n in graduate schl, I wuld get stuck when this happened; my inner critic wuld assume I had made a mistake. But then, after embracing the “yes, and” cncept, instead f getting discuraged, I kept explring the data and ended up identifying a new type f cell—ne that wasn’t behaving as expected. If I hadn’t accepted the pssibility that the results were real, I wuld have missed ut n the mst exciting finding f my Ph.D. s far.
All scientists can benefit frm this lessn. If the data say rhins are librarians, then it’s wrth investigating whether rhins are, in fact, librarians. Our jb as scientists isn’t t generate data that supprt a precnceived(预想的) stry. Our jb is t say “yes, and.”
24. Why did the authr take the imprv classes?
A. T imprve her lgical mind.B. T finish her Ph. D. assignment.
C. T develp her cmmunicatin skills.D. T pursue her interest in perfrmance.
25. Hw did the authr feel during the first scene?
A. Cnflicted.B. Bred.C. Discuraged.D. Embarrassed.
26. Accrding t the authr, in her experiments, “yes, and” helped her ______.
A. accept failuresB. make a new discvery
C. make up fr a mistakeD. crrect unreasnable data
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. The unknwn can be an inspiratin.B. The unexpected can be rewarding,
C. The unfrtunate can be a chance.D. The unusual can be decisive.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为提高自己的表达能力参加了一个即兴表演课程，在该课程中学习到了“是的，而且”原则，并将该原则应用到了自己的实验研究中，使得自己获得了意外的发现。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Hwever, I knew I wanted t wrk as a science cmmunicatr after finishing my Ph.D., s it seemed like the perfect pprtunity t imprve my speaking ability and gain cnfidence thinking n my feet.(然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后成为一名科学传播者，所以这似乎是提高我的口语能力和获得自信的绝佳机会。)”可知，作者想通过该课程提高口语能力和获得自信。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“I gt a taste f hw difficult that was when acting ut my first scene.(当我表演我的第一场戏时，我体会到了这有多困难。)”以及作者心理活动的描写“Mad abut what? My mind spun ut ideas, and my inner critic sht them all dwn. We brke the car? N, that’s t easy. We failed a test? N, yu dn’t want yur classmates thinking yu’re stupid n the first day.(生气什么？我的脑子里涌现出各种想法，但我内心的批判者把它们都否决了。我们把车弄坏了？不，那太简单了。我们考试不及格？不，你不想让你的同学在第一天就觉得你很蠢。)”可知，作者进行第一场即兴表演时体会到了即兴表演其实很难，在同学提出了话题之后对接下来的表演感到不知所措，很矛盾。故选A项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“But then, after embracing the ‘yes, and’ cncept, instead f getting discuraged, I kept explring the data and ended up identifying a new type f cell—ne that wasn’t behaving as expected.(但是，在接受了“是的，而且”的概念之后，我没有气馁，而是继续探索数据，最终发现了一种新的细胞——一种不像预期的那样表现的细胞。)”可知，作者接受了“是的，而且”概念后，在做实验时没有气馁，继续探索，从而发现了一种新的细胞，即，这个概念帮助作者在实验中获得了新发现。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Our jb as scientists isn’t t generate data that supprt a precnceived stry. Our jb is t say ‘yes, and.’(作为科学家，我们的工作不是生成支持一个先入为主的故事的数据。我们的工作是说“是的，而且。”)”可知，作者用自己的亲身经历讲述了“是的，而且”带给自己的体验：作为科学家应该接受不可预测，有可能会带来意想不到的收获。由此可推知，通过该文章可以推理出B项“The unexpected can be rewarding.(意想不到的事情可能是有益的。)”。故选B项。
C
When we’re slving a cmplicated prblem, we ften gather a grup t brainstrm. We’re lking t get the best ideas as quickly as pssible. I lve seeing it happen — except fr ne tiny wrinkle. Grup brainstrming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.” But the prblem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s hw we run them.
Think abut the brainstrming sessins yu’ve attended. Yu’ve prbably seen peple bite their tngues due t eg threat (“I dn’t want t lk stupid.”), nise (“We can’t all talk at nce.”), and cnfrmity pressure (“Let’s all jump n the bss’s ship!”). Gdbye diversity f thught, hell grupthink.
T unearth the hidden ptential in teams, instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are sl. Yu start by asking everyne t generate ideas separately. Next, yu pl them and share them amng the grup. T preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them n their wn. Only then des the team cme tgether t select and refine the mst prmising ptins. By develping and assessing ideas individually befre chsing them, teams can surface and advance pssibilities that might nt get attentin therwise.
Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. They find that a key t cllective intelligence is full and fair participatin. In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsided in favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. The brainwriting prcess makes sure that all ideas are brught t the table and all vice s are brught int the cnversatin. The gal isn’t t be the smartest persn in the rm — it’s t make the rm smarter.
Cllective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it desn’t end there. Individuals prduce a greater vlume and variety f nvel ideas when they wrk alne. That means that they cme up with mre brilliant ideas than grups — but als mre terrible ideas than grups. It takes cllective judgment t find the signal in the nise and bring the best ideas t fruitin.
28. Bth Jhn Smith and the authr may agree that brainstrming meetings fail t ______.
A. assess humans ptentialB. simplify prblems quickly
C. accept pssible gd ideasD. get the mst ut f individuals
29. What des the underlined wrd “lpsided” in Paragraph 5 mst prbably mean?
A. Infrmal.B. Unbalanced.C. Imprper.D. Unpleasant.
30. The authr writes this passage mainly t ______.
A. challenge a cnclusinB. make a cmparisn
C. advcate a practiceD. intrduce a research
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.”(大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们不太可能最大化集体智慧。正如幽默作家约翰·史密斯所说：“如果你必须用一个词来说明人类没有、也永远不会实现其全部潜力的原因，这个词就是：‘会议’。”)”可知，约翰·史密斯和作者可能都同意，头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsidedin favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. (在头脑风暴会议中，参与很容易变得lpsided，有利于最自负、最响亮的声音和最有权势的人)”可知，头脑风暴会议中，参与者很容易倾向于最自负、声音最大和最有权势的人，即变得不平衡。故划线词意思是“不平衡的”。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“T unearth the hidden ptential in teams, instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. (为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好不要进行头脑风暴，而是转向一种叫做“头脑写作”的过程)”以及倒数第二段“Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. (组织行为学学者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解释这种方法为何有效)”结合文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了提倡一种做法。故选C。
D
Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There’ll be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritise the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a radmap t a lw-carbn future.
That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy—withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. But we shuld als be cautius, as new technlgies, such as AI, may be hard t cntrl.
AI will undubtedly becme mre intrusive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins.
Actually, it’s beynd Earth that AI has the mst enrmus ptential. Humans may have established bases beynd Earth by the year 2100．But dn’t ever expect mass emigratin (移民) frm Earth. It’s a false belief that space ffers an escape frm ur prblems. Dealing with climate change n Earth is a piece f cake cmpared t terrafrming Mars.
Nevertheless, we shuld cheer n these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted t a Martian habitat, s they’ll have a super mtive t redesign themselves. It’s they, nt thse f us adapted t life n Earth, wh will pineer the pst-human era (时代).
If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligences, they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe.
But let’s re fcus frm the science fictin f the far future. clser t the here and nw. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billin-year histry where ne species-urs—hlds the planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence culd initiate billins f years f pst-human evlutin (演化), even mre amazing than that which led t us. On the ther hand, humans culd cause bilgical, envirnmental r cyber catastrphes that freclse all this ptential.
If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide.
31. Why des the authr mentin the tw trends in the first paragraph?
A. T reply t gvernments’ decisins.B. T shw scientists’ predictin ability.
C. T present a call fr scientific advances.D. T highlight the challenges t scientists.
32. Accrding t this passage, AI can ______.
A. put an end t climate changeB. make mass human emigratin pssible
C. speed up the cmpetitin in medical fieldsD. bring abut ptential threats frm big cmpanies
33. As fr the future, what des the authr agree with?
A. Pst-humans will repeat the histry f humans.
B. Cmplex intelligence will dminate the universe.
C. Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit uter space.
D. Nn-bilgical brains may invite unfreseen disasters.
34 Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Culd AI Save Us?B. Will Science Lead Evlutin?
C. Arc Space Adventurers Pineers?D. Is Cmplex Intelligence Cming?
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍随着人工智能的发展，科学并不能完全拯救我们人类。我们需要从全球、理智和长期的角度进行思考——由科学赋予力量，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There’ll be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritise the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a radmap t a lw-carbn future. (科学家对未来的预测能力很差。但有两种趋势是可以自信预测的。首先，世界将变得更加拥挤。到2050年，人口将超过90亿。其次，世界将变暖，一些政府不会优先考虑应对气候变化所需的长期措施，尽管科学为我们提供了低碳未来的路线图。)”和第二段“That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy—withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. (这就是为什么我们应该成为新技术的推动者——没有它，世界就无法为不断增长的人口提供所需的粮食和可持续能源。)”可知，作者在第一段中提到这两种趋势是为了呼吁大家发展科学新技术。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“AI will undubtedly becme mre intrusive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins. (毫无疑问，人工智能在未来会变得更具侵入性。我们的行动、健康和财务交易记录将存储在云端中。这些数据可能被用于正当的原因，如蛋白质折叠和药物开发，或者警告我们最初的健康风险，但互联网公司可以使用这些数据，已经将权力平衡从政府转移到全球规模的公司。)”可知，人工智能会使人类处于来自于全球规模的大公司的威胁。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligences, they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe. (如果后人类从血肉之躯转变为完全人工智能，他们将不需要一个引力均匀的大气层，所以在深太空中——即使在火星上，非生物“大脑”也可能发展出我们无法想象的力量。他们最终可能会在精神上与我们不同。人工智能可能会引发巨大的移民潮，从而使越来越复杂的智能在宇宙中传播。)”可知，作者认为完全人工智能可能存在于外层空间。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide. (如果科学要拯救我们，我们需要从全球、理智和长期的角度进行思考——由科学赋予力量，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。)”可知，本文主要介绍随着人工智能的发展，科学并不能完全拯救我们人类。我们需要从全球、理智和长期的角度进行思考——由科学赋予力量，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science f Cmfrt Fd
Certain fds always give us much pleasure. ___35___ Hwever, much f the happiness we get frm ur favrite fds cmes frm the memries they bring t us and the peple we’re with while we enjy them.
___36___ That’s why ur brains reward us fr eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances md. But as anyne wh’s ever eaten apple pie knws, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study fund that peple wh are especially sensitive t sweetness have strnger brain-reward respnses t sugary fds than less sweet-sensitive peple d.
Sme fds are especially emtinally satisfying fr reasns that have little t d with their taste r nutritinal cntent, thugh. ___37___ And many favrite American cmfrt fds—chili, say—are nt particularly sweet r high in carbhydrates (碳水化合物). Often we lve fd because we have fnd memries assciated with it. One dish I cannt live withut at a New Year party is my mm’s Snwy Mashed Ptates, which remind me f hliday jy and past reunins with extended family.
___38___ Smetimes yu might feel sad when yu eat fds that remind yu f lved nes yu miss. We may als avid fds that we assciate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cttage cheese since I was 8 years ld, because it was the last thing I ate befre rlling ff the bed with a terrible stmachache.
In additin t past memries, the cntext in which we eat fds matters, t. ___39___ And ur gustatry (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense f cmmunity, a sense f warmth and enjying it tgether”. I appreciate my mum’s ptates even mre tday when I eat them with my husband and tw children.
A. Fd is essential fr ur survival.
B. These assciatins can g the ther way, t.
C. We desire cmfrt fds when we feel lnely.
D. It shapes hw much we enjy them in the mment.
E. Their taste and nutritinal cntent affect hw we feel.
F. Our memry fr smell can be lng-lasting and precise.
G. After all, different cultures have different cmfrt fds.
【答案】35. E 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍舒适食物的科学。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Certain fds always give us much pleasure. (某些食物总是给我们带来很多快乐。)”可知，这里提到某些食物给我们带来了快乐，接下来可以解释它的原因。选项E“它们的味道和营养成分会影响我们的感受。”和上文意思一致。故选E。
【36题详解】
根据下文“That’s why ur brains reward us fr eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances md. But as anyne wh’s ever eaten apple pie knws, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study fund that peple wh are especially sensitive t sweetness have strnger brain-reward respnses t sugary fds than less sweet-sensitive peple d. (这就是为什么我们的大脑会通过释放一种增强情绪的化学物质来奖励我们吃任何东西。但任何吃过苹果派的人都知道，甜食会让我们感觉特别好。一项研究发现，与对甜味不太敏感的人相比，对甜味特别敏感的人对含糖食物的大脑奖励反应更强。)”可知，这一段介绍吃东西对我们的好处。选项A“食物对我们的生存至关重要。”和下文意思一致。故选A。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Sme fds are especially emtinally satisfying fr reasns that have little t d with their taste r nutritinal cntent, thugh. (然而，有些食物在情感上特别令人满意，原因与它们的味道或营养成分无关。)”可知，这里说明人们对不同的食物有不同的反应。选项G“毕竟，不同的文化有不同的安慰食品。”和上文意思一致。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Smetimes yu might feel sad when yu eat fds that remind yu f lved nes yu miss. We may als avid fds that we assciate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cttage cheese since I was 8 years ld, because it was the last thing I ate befre rlling ff the bed with a terrible stmachache. (有时，当你吃的食物让你想起你想念的亲人时，你可能会感到难过。我们也可能会避免吃那些与糟糕经历有关的食物。我从8岁起就没有吃过农家奶酪，因为这是我胃疼得从床上滚下来之前最后吃的东西。)”可知，这一段介绍的是有的食物会让人想到糟糕的经历，和上一段正好相反。选项B“这些关联也可以反过来。”和下文意思一致。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据上文“In additin t past memries, the cntext in which we eat fds matters, t. (除了过去的记忆，我们吃食物的环境也很重要。)”可知，这里提到我们吃食物的环境也很重要，接下来要解释重要的原因。选项D“它决定了我们此刻有多喜欢它们。”和上文意思一致。故选D。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Smartphnes have becme a big part f peple’s lives. When we temprarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling f anxiety r panic. Sme psychlgists have called it “nmphbia”. Thankfully, I rde thrugh the withdrawal f my smartphne and it was shrt-lived.
When I gt my first smartphne ver a decade ag, I lved it. It gave me instant access t my music, a wrld f infrmatin and thusands f phts and vides. But ver time, I became increasingly ambivalent abut its rle in my life. I wuld repeatedly refresh my email, shp nline fr stuff I didn’t need and cnstantly scrll thrugh the latest news. I’d ften cmplain t my husband and t my seven-year-ld sn, Luis, that I felt trapped by it.
Then, ne day last summer, while I was playing with Luis, I was nce again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me f my cmplaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mmmy, just give it up already!”
I decided t try. Instead f ging cld turkey — n cellphne at all — I bught a flip phne. With n tuch screen, texting is time-cnsuming. Once, while trying t catch up n texts with a friend, I finally gt frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spken t her since her big mve. It made a difference t hear bth the excitement in her vice as she described seeing the nrthern lights and her sadness in being away frm a sick parent.
Nwadays, peple may prefer text-based cmmunicatin ver using the phne because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were frced t cnnect vice t vice, we wuld find urselves mre bnded t that persn.
Wuyu Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nmphbia as a reliance that’s been placed upn us. “Whenever smething is designed t make a chice easier, it’s called a behaviural nudge,” he explains, adding that the mre central t ur lives the smartphne’s functins are, the mre prisned we becme.
Ultimately, thugh, that sense f dependence is false. As I’ve fund, yu can d all the things yu need t d in ther ways. It’s nt always cnvenient, but I knw I’m much calmer n a regular basis withut my smartphne.
40. What des “nmphbia” refer t?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why did the authr decide t give up her smartphne?
____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶Accrding t the authr, we will find it awkward t talk with a friend n the phne.
____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Apart frm the ways mentined in the passage, what can yu d t avid “nmphbia”? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. It refers t a feeling f anxiety r panic that we have when we temprarily can’t find ur smartphnes.
41. Because she felt trapped by her smartphne and her sn asked her t give it up.
42. ▶Accrding t the authr, we will find it awkward t talk with a friend n the phne.
Accrding t the authr, we will find urselves mre bnded t the friend when talking with him/her n the phne.
43. T avid nmphbia, ne can cnsider taking regular breaks frm technlgy and engaging in ffline activities. Besides, yu can turn ff yur phne r leave it at hme when yu dn’t need it, and fcusing n the peple and things arund yu.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章说明了什么是“无手机恐惧症”以及作者因为感觉被智能手机困住，而听从儿子的建议，戒掉了手机的经历。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“When we temprarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling f anxiety r panic. Sme psychlgists have called it “nmphbia”.(当我们暂时找不到它们时，就会产生焦虑或恐慌的感觉。一些心理学家称之为“无手机恐惧症”)”可知，“无手机恐惧症”指的是我们暂时找不到智能手机时产生的焦虑或恐慌感。故答案为It refers t a feeling f anxiety r panic that we have when we temprarily can’t find ur smartphnes.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“I’d ften cmplain t my husband and t my seven-year-ld sn, Luis, that I felt trapped by it. (我经常向我的丈夫和我七岁的儿子路易斯抱怨，我觉得自己被它困住了。)”和第三段“Then, ne day last summer, while I was playing with Luis, I was nce again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me f my cmplaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mmmy, just give it up already!”(然后，去年夏天的一天，当我和路易斯一起玩的时候，我又一次被叮叮当当的声音分散了注意力。他终于提醒了我我的抱怨，但他用恳求的语气说：“妈妈，快放弃吧!”)”可知，作者决定放弃她的智能手机是因为她觉得自己被智能手机困住了，儿子让她放弃。故答案为Because she felt trapped by her smartphne and her sn asked her t give it up.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“But, just as I learned, when we were frced t cnnect vice t vice, we wuld find urselves mre bnded t that persn.(但是，正如我所学到的，当我们被迫通过声音与声音进行交流时，我们会发现自己与那个人的联系更加紧密)”可知，错误的部分是“we will find it awkward”，根据作者的说法，当我们和朋友打电话时，我们会发现自己和他/她更亲近。故答案为▶Accrding t the authr, we will find it awkward t talk with a friend n the phne. Accrding t the authr, we will find urselves mre bnded t the friend when talking with him/her n the phne.
【43题详解】
考查开放答题。根据“除了文中提到的方法，你能做些什么来避免‘无手机恐惧症’？”可知，为了避免“无手机恐惧症”，人们可以考虑定期远离科技产品，参加线下活动。此外，当你不需要手机的时候，你可以关掉手机或把它放在家里，把注意力集中在你周围的人和事上。故答案为T avid nmphbia, ne can cnsider taking regular breaks frm technlgy and engaging in ffline activities. Besides, yu can turn ff yur phne r leave it at hme when yu dn’t need it, and fcusing n the peple and things arund yu.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“最美唐诗译文”评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括：
1．活动介绍；
2．评委职责。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
This is Li Hua frm English Club and I’m writing t invite yu t be a judge fr ur upcming activity themed “Beautiful Translatins f Tang Petry”.
The event, which will start at the beginning f next term, aims t ffer students an pprtunity t shw their cmpetence in English and prmte Chinese culture by translating Tang petry int English. As a judge, yu will evaluate the entries based n fluency, accuracy and literary technique, and select the tp 5 translatins.
Yur deep interest in Tang Petry and expertise in English will make yu an ideal judge fr this event. Wuld yu like t jin us? We’re really lking frward t that.
Best wishes.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。假设考生是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“最美唐诗译文”评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委。
【详解】1.词汇积累
旨在：aim t→ attempt t
能力：cmpetence→ capacity
提升：prmte→ facilitate
挑选：select → pick ut
2.句式拓展
简单句变为复合句
原句：As a judge, yu will evaluate the entries based n fluency, accuracy and literary technique, and select the tp 5 translatins.
拓展句：As a judge wh has deep interest in Tang Petry, will evaluate the entries based n fluency, accuracy and literary technique, and select the tp 5 translatins.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The event, which will start at the beginning f next term, aims t ffer students an pprtunity t shw their cmpetence in English and prmte Chinese culture by translating Tang petry int English. (which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]I’m writing t invite yu t be a judge fr ur upcming activity themed “Beautiful Translatins f Tang Petry”.(themed在句中作后置定语)