北京市怀柔区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 含解析

这是一份北京市怀柔区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 含解析，共21页。试卷主要包含了考生要认真填写姓名和考号，本试卷共11页，分为三部分， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1.考生要认真填写姓名和考号。
2.本试卷共11页，分为三部分。考试时间90分钟，满分100分。
3.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡的对应位置，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答；书面表达部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
4.考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The stry f Jennifer Bricker is ne f the mst amazing stry, which is full f bth great surprises and life lessns.
Jennifer was brn in Rmania withut any legs. She was later ____1____ by a lving American family, the Brickers, and raised in the small twn f Hardinville, Illinis.
The Brickers never let this ____2____ stp her frm achieving her dreams. Her new parents gave her a simple rule, “Never say can’t”! They did whatever they culd t make her life a success.
The girl was ____3____ just like the Brickers’ wn children. She was encuraged t play with the ther nrmal bys and girls and became gd at many ____4____, including vlleyball, sftball and basketball.
But it was tumbling (翻腾运动) that was her true lve. When she was a little girl, she was a big ____5____ f the Olympic gld medalist--- Dminque Mceanu. She wuld cpy her n TV whenever Dminque Mceanu ____6____in the tumbling prgrams and cntinue practicing afterwards.
As she grew lder Jennifer began ____7____ against prfessinal tumbling athletes arund Illinis. Nt nly did she cmpete, but she even went n t becme a State Champin! Jennifer and her family always believed she culd d whatever she wanted t and that her psitive attitude and hard wrk wuld make it anther ____8____.
If her stry was nt amazing enugh already, when Jennifer turned 16, she gt the mst ____9____ news in her life. She learned that her belved Dminque Mceanu was actually her bilgical sister! Nw Jennifer is turing the cuntry as a(n)_____10_____ speaker t encurage mre disabled yungsters.
1. A. adptedB. injuredC. sldD. seen
2. A. disabilityB. giftC. excuseD. failure
3. A. signed upB. brught upC. put upD. kept up
4. A. rlesB. instrumentsC. sprtsD. tricks
5. A. audienceB. athleteC. memberD. fan
6. A. perfrmedB. appearedC. hstedD. challenged
7. A. cmpetingB. fightingC. actingD. ging
8. A. pityB. tpicC. challengeD. success
9. A. disturbingB. ppularC. unbelievableD. reliable
10. A. fluentB. ludC. silentD. inspiring
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是先天无腿的詹妮弗·布里克在父母的鼓励下积极参加体育锻炼，并参加州运动会而最终成为冠军的故事，而且她的故事充满了惊奇，她还进行全国巡回演讲激励那些残疾青少年。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，她被一个充满爱心的美国家庭布里克收养，并在伊利诺伊州哈丁维尔的小镇上长大。A. adpted收养；B. injured受伤；C. sld卖；D. seen看见。根据下文中的“The girl was ____3____ just like the Brickers’ wn children.”可知，她像布里克家自己的孩子一样，由此可推断，此空指的是她是被布里克家“收养”的。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布里克夫妇从未让这种残疾阻止她实现梦想。A. disability残疾；B. gift礼物；C. excuse借口；D. failure失败。根据上文中的“Jennifer was brn in Rmania withut any legs.”可知，詹妮弗天生没有腿，由此可推断，此处指的是布里克一家没有让“残疾”阻碍她实现自己的梦想。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这个女孩就像布里克家自己的孩子一样被抚养长大。A. signed up报名；B. brught up培养，抚养；C. put up张贴；D. kept up维持。根据语境和下文中的“She was encuraged t play with the ther nrmal bys and girls and became gd at many ____4____ , including vlleyball, sftball and basketball.”可知，她被鼓励和其他正常的男孩和女孩一起玩耍，由此可知，此处指的是她被像其他孩子一样被“培养”。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她被鼓励和其他正常的男孩和女孩一起玩耍，并擅长许多运动，包括排球、垒球和篮球。A. rles角色；B. instruments乐器；C. sprts运动；D. tricks诡计。根据语境和下文中的“including vlleyball, sftball and basketball.”可知，此处指的是“体育运动”符合语境。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她还是个小女孩的时候，她是奥运会金牌得主Dminque Mceanu的忠实粉丝。A. audience听众；B. athlete运动员；C. member成员；D. fan粉丝。根据上文中的“But it was tumbling (翻腾运动) that was her true lve.”可知，翻腾运动是詹妮弗的真爱，结合下文“She wuld cpy her n TV whenever Dminque Mceanu ____6____ in the tumbling prgrams and cntinue practicing afterwards.”可知，无论何时电视上有Dminque Mceanu的翻腾运动的节目，她都会去模仿，由此可推断，她是Dminque Mceanu的“粉丝”。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当Dminque Mceanu出现在电视的翻腾运动节目中，她都会模仿她，然后继续练习。A. perfrmed表演，执行；B. appeared出现；C. hsted主办；D. challenged挑战。根据上文中的“She wuld cpy her n TV whenever Dminque Mceanu”可知，詹妮弗都要去模仿Dminque Mceanu的翻腾运动，由此可推断，此处指的是每次Dminque Mceanu“出现”在电视节目中。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，詹妮弗开始参加伊利诺斯州的专业翻腾运动运动比赛。A. cmpeting竞争，参加比赛；B. fighting战斗；C. acting表演；D. ging去，走。根据下文中的“Nt nly did she cmpete, but she even went n t becme a State Champin!”可知，她不仅要参加比赛，而且她甚至成为了州冠军，由此可知，此处为“参加比赛”符合语境。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗和她的家人一直相信她可以做任何她想做的事，她积极的态度和努力的工作将使她再次成功。A. pity可惜；B. tpic话题；C. challenge挑战；D. success成功。根据上文中的“Jennifer and her family always believed she culd d whatever she wanted t and that her psitive attitude and hard wrk wuld make it”可知，詹妮弗和她的家人始终相信她积极的态度以及刻苦的训练会使人“成功”符合语境。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果她的故事还不够神奇的话，当詹妮弗16岁的时候，她得到了生命中最令人难以置信的消息。A. disturbing令人不安的；B. ppular受欢迎的；C. unbelievable难以置信的；D. reliable可靠的。根据下文中的“She learned that her belved Dminque Mceanu was actually her bilgical sister!”可知，她了解到她崇拜的偶像Dminque Mceanu竟是她的姐姐，由此可知，此处应为这是一个“难以置信的”消息。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在詹妮弗作为一个鼓舞人心的演讲者在全国巡回演讲，鼓励更多的残疾青少年。A. fluent流利的；B. lud声音大的；C. silent沉默的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据语境和下文中的“t encurage mre disabled yungsters.”可知，詹妮弗全国演讲鼓励更多的残疾青少年，由此可知推断，此处指的是她作为一名“鼓舞人心的”演讲者，符合语境。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I remember Graham was very difficult befre he came int my class. I had heard stries abut his bad behavir. Once I caught him and his friends seeing wh culd jump the farthest ff the schl stage! But when he gt interested, he changed. The first day he walked int my class, he ____11____ (drag) his schlbag behind him and lking bred, but as sn as I set up an experiment ____12____ (shw) hw the human stmach wrks using acid and an nin, he gave me his full attentin.
It happened early n a Friday mrning. Tina, a sixteen-year-ld girl came t schl as usual. But when she entered the classrm, she ____13____ (find) her teacher n the flr, uncnscius. Tina quickly nticed that her teacher was wearing a bracelet ____14____ said she had diabetes, Tina phned the emergency services and tld them what she ____15____ (just see).
A few days ag, I went ut fr a dinner get-tgether with sme friends. My best friend left the table fr 30 ____16____ (minute) because he had t take a call. Sme spent the dinner bent ver their phnes, ____17____ (text) friends nline but ignring the nes wh sat right in frnt f them.
Mst peple believe when they are living ____18____ (cmfrtable) and earning enugh mney, they will have n wrries. Hwever, mst peple never feel they have earned enugh. Jasn Harley decided t drp ut f this kind f lifestyle, and he discvered that ____19____ (have) nly a little mney made him free. Are there any things he misses frm his past? “N, I’m much _____20_____ (happy) nw because I am living accrding t my values. Success is nt measured by hw much mney yu have but by hw yu understand the true meaning f life”
【答案】11. was dragging
12. t shw
13. fund 14. which##that
15. had just seen
16. minutes
17. texting
18. cmfrtably
19. having 20. happier
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章分别讲述了Graham在学校的表现、Tina发现老师倒在地上不省人事，于是把老师送到医院，许多人沉迷于网络社交而忽略身边人，以及Jasn Harley放弃自己富足生活的个人经历。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：第一天，他拖着书包走进我的教室，一副无聊的样子，但当我用酸和洋葱布置了一个实验来展示人类胃是如何工作的时候，他就全神贯注地听我说了。结合语境可知，此处表示过去某个时刻动作正在进行，应用过去进行时，主语为he，谓语用单数。故填was dragging。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：第一天，他拖着书包走进我的教室，一副无聊的样子，但当我用酸和洋葱布置了一个实验来展示人类胃是如何工作的时候，他就全神贯注地听我说了。分析句子结构可知shw在句中作目的状语应用不定式。故填t shw。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：但当她走进教室时，她发现她的老师倒在地板上，不省人事。空处为主句谓语动词，根据上文“But when she entered the classrm”可知，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填fund。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：蒂娜很快注意到她的老师戴着一个手镯，上面写着她患有糖尿病。蒂娜打电话给急救中心，告诉他们她刚刚看到的情况。定语从句修饰先行词bracelet，代替先行词在从句作主语，应用关系代词which/that作引导词，故填which/that。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：蒂娜打电话给急救中心，告诉他们她刚刚看到的情况。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，see发生在tld之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had just seen。
【16题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：我最好的朋友离开了30分钟，因为他要去接一个电话。minute为可数名词，根据上文30可知应用复数形式。故填minutes。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人在晚餐时低头看手机，在网上给朋友发短信，却无视坐在他们面前的人。句中已有谓语动词spent，空处应填非谓语动词，分析句子结构text与逻辑主语Sme构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填texting。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：大多数人认为当他们生活舒适，赚足够的钱时，他们就没有烦恼了。修饰动词live应用副词cmfrtably，故填cmfrtably。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：杰森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只有一点点钱就能让他自由。作宾语从句的主语，陈述一般性情况，应用动名词形式。故填having。
【20题详解】
考查比较级。句意：不，我现在快乐多了，因为我按照自己的价值观生活。根据much以及句意“快乐多了”可知应用比较级happier作表语。故填happier。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Explre yur wrld—Mirthy
Online events t help yu discver, learn and cnnect
Wh is Mirthy?
Mirthy is ne f the mst ppular websites fr nline events and already lved and trusted by mre than 45,000 peple. It was designed t create an inclusive cmmunity where peple can learn, share, and cnnect with thers thrugh a variety f events that are active, sciable, and uplifting. It’s all abut fulfilment and wellbeing.
There are sme nline events each mnth t try, frm craft wrkshps (手工工坊) t fitness sessins. Fr example, accrding t ur event calendar, this week yu can attend gardening classes and singing lessns. S whether yu have a desire t get fitter r t pick up a new skill—signing up fr classes and events with Mirthy culd be just what yu have been lking fr.
Hw des it wrk?
Sign up via the nline registratin frm at Mirthy.cm. Then yu can take a lk thrugh the calendar f upcming events and see what takes yur fancy.
Once yu register fr an event, yu will then receive a link n email ready fr yu t jin the live event. If yur plans change and yu can’t make it, yu will receive a link fr a 7-day replay that yu can watch at a time that is cnvenient fr yu!
Best f all, it’s cmpletely FREE t jin!
Jin Mirthy fr free tday, and yu can enjy any 4 events every mnth, fr free! If yu’re up fr mre, then yu can either select and bk additinal events n a pay-as-yu-g basis, nrmally fr £2.99 each, r yu can upgrade t the Premium membership giving yu full free access t all events fr nly £4.99 per mnth.
If yu chse t g fr the Premium membership, there’s n cntract. Yu simply upgrade yur membership and yu can cancel anytime.
21. Mirthy is intended t_________.
A. imprve peple’s fitnessB. rganize sciable events
C. prvide craft wrkshpsD. create an nline cmmunity
22. What can peple d at Mirthy this week?
A. Make art crafts.B. Talk abut fitness experience.
C. Learn sngs.D. Study wild plants and animals.
23. Which f the fllwing is true abut Mirthy?
A. Peple can sign up fr the events nline.
B The events can be watched again at any time.
C. Peple can upgrade their membership fr free.
D. N mre than 4 events are ffered each mnth.
24. What’s the main purpse f this passage?
A. T share a lifestyle.
B. T recmmend a website.
C. T intrduce nline events.
D. T explain a registratin prcess.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。文章对这个网站进行了推广和宣传。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Wh is Mirthy? 中“Mirthy is ne f the mst ppular websites fr nline events and already lved and trusted by mre than 45,000 peple. It was designed t create an inclusive cmmunity where peple can learn, share, and cnnect with thers thrugh a variety f events that are active, sciable, and uplifting.(Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到超过45,000人的喜爱和信任。它旨在创造一个包容性的社区，人们可以通过各种活跃、社交和令人振奋的活动来学习、分享和与他人联系。)”可知，Mirthy的目的是创建一个在线社区。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Wh is Mirthy?标题下第二段“Fr example，accrding t ur event calendar，this week yu can attend gardening classes and singing lessns. (例如，根据我们的活动日历，本周你可以参加园艺课和歌唱课。)”可知，本周人们可以在Mirthy学习歌曲。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hw des it wrk?标题下第一段“Sign up via the nline registratin frm at Mirthy.cm. （通过Mirthy.cm的在线注册表注册。）”可知，人们可以在线报名参加Mirthy的活动。故选A。
【24题详解】
目的意图题。根据标题Explre yur wrld — Mirthy （探索你的世界——Mirthy）和第一段“Mirthy is ne f the mst ppular websites fr nline events and already lved and trusted by mre than 45，000 peple. （Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个网站。故选B。
B
The Well that Changed the Wrld
As a six-year-ld Canadian schlby, Ryan had truble believing the wrds spken by his teacher that many peple in develping African cuntries culdn’t get enugh clean water. He lked acrss the classrm at the drinking funtain. It was very clse—nly ten steps away. S, Ryan asked himself, “Why d sme African children have t walk ten kilmeters t get water every day? And why is the water s dirty that it makes them sick?” Yung Ryan thught, “Life is easy fr me, but hard fr thse peple. Why dn’t I help?”
At first, his plan was t earn mney t build a single well smewhere in Africa. He cleaned windws and did gardening fr his family and neighbrs. He sn reached his first target (目标) f $70, but when he gave the mney t a charity, he was tld that it actually cst $2,000 t build a well.
Tw thusand dllars was a lt f mney, but Ryan didn’t give up. He started t ask fr help frm his classmates and neighbrs and persuaded them t dnate mney. At the same time, a friend f Ryan’s mther helped make his stry g public. After several mnths, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary schl in Uganda. The children at the schl n lnger needed t walk fr hurs t get water. They were grateful t him and invited him t visit.
In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his wn eyes. But that was nt all. He als saw hundreds f delighted students wh had turned ut t welcme him. They sang and danced happily. Sme even ffered him fd and gifts. At first Ryan was nervus, but sn great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference fr these children. He brke int a jyful smile.
Later, Ryan’s experience led him t set up a fundatin (基金会) t encurage mre peple t help. Many inspired peple gave him their supprt. Ryan’s fundatin cntinues t attract supprt frm mre and mre peple, s the wrk f building mre wells can g n. Tday, ver 800,000 peple in 16 cuntries acrss Africa have benefited frm the life-changing gift f clean, safe water.
25. The fllwing statements make Ryan decide t help students in develping African cuntries, EXCEPT_________.
A. Ryan has trubles understanding the wrds spken by teachers.
B. Many students are suffering frm sickness caused by dirty water.
C. Ryan thught life shuldn’t be s hard fr them while his is easy.
D. Many students have t walk a lng way t get clean and safe water.
26. Hw did Ryan raise mney t build a well after finishing his first target?
A. By asking his teacher and friends’ parents fr help.
B. By persuading peple arund him t dnate mney.
C. By setting up a public fundatin t attract supprt.
D. By ding sme wrk fr his family and neighbrs.
27. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Ryan?
A. Kind-hearted and determined.B. Humrus and ambitius.
C. Brave and generus.D. Grateful and hardwrking.
【答案】25. A 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安如何通过自己的努力和坚持，帮助非洲的孩子们获得干净的饮用水的故事。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“As a six-year-ld Canadian schlby, Ryan had truble believing the wrds spken by his teacher that many peple in develping African cuntries culdn’t get enugh clean water. He lked acrss the classrm at the drinking funtain. It was very clse—nly ten steps away. S, Ryan asked himself, “Why d sme African children have t walk ten kilmeters t get water every day? And why is the water s dirty that it makes them sick?” Yung Ryan thught, “Life is easy fr me, but hard fr thse peple. Why dn’t I help?”(作为一个六岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安很难相信他的老师说的话：在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够的干净的水。他的目光掠过教室，望向对面喷泉式的饮水机。它非常近——只有十步之遥。所以，瑞安问自己：“为什么一些非洲的孩子每天要步行十公里去取水？为什么水会那么脏，以至于他们喝了会生病？”小瑞安想：“生活对我来说很容易，但对那些人来说很难。我为什么不帮忙？”)”可知，瑞安想要帮助非洲国家的孩子是因为很多非洲的孩子因为喝了不干净的水而生病，他们要走很远的路才能喝到干净的水以及他认为他们的生活不应该那么艰难，而他的生活却很轻松；选项A. Ryan has trubles understanding the wrds spken by teachers.(瑞安不能理解老师说的话)，瑞安不是不能理解老师说的话，而是听到老师说很多非洲孩子喝不到足够的饮用水而感到惊讶，难以置信，所以A选项不正确，不是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因；选项B. Many students are suffering frm sickness caused by dirty water.(很多学生因为喝了不干净的水而生病)，所以B选项正确，是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因；选项C. Ryan thught life shuldn’t be s hard fr them while his is easy.(瑞安认为他们的生活不应该那么艰难，而他的生活却很轻松)，所以C选项正确，是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因；选项D. Many students have t walk a lng way t get clean and safe water.(很多学生不得不步行很远才能得到干净和安全的饮用水)，所以D选项正确，是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因。综上所述，选项A不是瑞安想要帮助非洲国家孩子的原因。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Tw thusand dllars was a lt f mney, but Ryan didn’t give up. He started t ask fr help frm his classmates and neighbrs and persuaded them t dnate mney.(两千美元是很大一笔钱，但是瑞安没有放弃。他开始向同学和邻居寻求帮助，并说服他们捐款)”可知，瑞安是通过说服周围人捐款来建造水井。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Yung Ryan thught, “Life is easy fr me, but hard fr thse peple. Why dn’t I help?”(小瑞安想：“生活对我来说很容易，但对那些人来说很难。我为什么不帮忙？”)”以及第三段“Tw thusand dllars was a lt f mney, but Ryan didn’t give up. He started t ask fr help frm his classmates and neighbrs and persuaded them t dnate mney.(两千美元是很大一笔钱，但是瑞安没有放弃。他开始向同学和邻居寻求帮助，并说服他们捐款)”可知，瑞安是一个心地善良且意志坚定的人。故选A。
C
Chinese scientists recently achieved precise ttal synthesis (合成) f sugar frm carbn dixide in the labratry, marking a crucial step in artificial sugar synthesis.
The synthesis, which tk mre than tw years t realize, was achieved by teams frm the Chinese Academy f Sciences’ Tianjin Institute f Industrial Bitechnlgy and the academy’s Dalian Institute f Chemical Physics. Their research was published last week in a paper in Chinese Science Bulletin, a multidisciplinary academic jurnal.
Sugar is a majr surce f energy fr the human bdy and a key raw material fr industrial prductin, and it is mainly btained by extracting it frm crps such as sugar cane. Hwever, the traditinal methd f extractin is limited by the energy cnversin efficiency f plant phtsynthesis. Mrever, the prcess f extracting sugar has been affected by uncertain raw material supplies due t land degradatin and shrtages, ecsystem degradatin and extreme weather and natural disasters caused by glbal warming.
As a result, artificial sugar synthesis has been cntinually studied by the scientific cmmunity in recent years, and scientists arund the wrld have cntributed t the effrt. In their latest research, the Chinese scientists adjusted high-cncentratin carbn dixide and ther raw materials in the reactin slutin. With the help f chemical catalysts and enzyme (酶) catalysts, they btained fur kinds f sugars: glucse, allulse, tagatse and mannse.
The experiment lasted abut 17 hurs, much shrter than the time required fr traditinal methds f sugar extractin, accrding t Yang Jiangang, lead authr f the paper and assciate researcher at the Tianjin institute.
The efficiency f sugar synthesis in this study was 0.67 grams per liter per hur, which was mre than 10 times higher than the previus results achieved by scientists wrldwide. Yang said that the carbn dixide t sugar cnversin rate f glucse reached 59.8 nanmles f carbn per milligram f catalyst per minute. This is the highest level f artificial sugar prductin knwn dmestically and internatinally.
The study als achieved precise cntrl f artificial sugar synthesis. “By cntrlling the varied catalytic effects f different enzymes, theretically almst any type f sugar can be synthesized,” Yang said. Regarding the study, Manfred Reetz, a member f the German Natinal Academy f Sciences Lepldina, said it is a particularly challenging task t cnvert carbn dixide int sugars.
The achievement by Chinese scientists has prvided a flexible, multifunctinal and efficient sugar synthesis rute, which pens a dr fr green chemistry, Reetz said. Green chemistry, similar t sustainable chemistry, is a rapidly develping field that fcuses n hw t fully utilize raw materials and energy in the prcess f prducing the intended prduct while minimizing r eliminating the use and generatin f harmful substances.
Carbn dixide t sugar cnversin is seen as an example f green chemistry, since it was cnducted under nrmal temperature and pressure cnditins and did nt yield any harmful substances.
28. Why d scientists keep studying artificial sugar synthesis?
A. Because sugar is an essential energy surce fr industrial prductin.
B. Because the traditinal extractin apprach is nt envirnmentally friendly.
C. Because raw material supply is unreliable in the prcess f traditinal sugar extractin.
D. Because the traditinal extractin apprach is less prductive than plant phtsynthesis.
29. Hw is the Chinese study significant?
A. It synthesized almst all types f sugar in the labratry.
B. It cntrlled varied catalytic effects f different enzymes.
C. It cnverted high-cncentratin carbn dixide int sugar.
D. It lasted 17 hurs, shrter than previus traditinal methds.
30. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Green chemistry helped use up all raw materials t generate mre prducts.
B. Carbn dixide t sugar cnversin will be used in industrial prductin sn.
C. Green chemistry is a new field where Chinese scientists will put mre effrts n.
D. Carbn dixide t sugar cnversin will take up all sugar prductin due t its efficiency.
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章讲述了中国科学家最近在实验室中实现了用二氧化碳精确合成糖，标志着人工糖合成迈出了关键一步。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Mrever, the prcess f extracting sugar has been affected by uncertain raw material supplies due t land degradatin and shrtages, ecsystem degradatin and extreme weather and natural disasters caused by glbal warming.(此外，由于土地退化和短缺、生态系统退化以及全球变暖导致的极端天气和自然灾害，原料供应不确定，影响了提取糖的过程)”及文章第四段“As a result, artificial sugar synthesis has been cntinually studied by the scientific cmmunity in recent years, and scientists arund the wrld have cntributed t the effrt.(因此，近年来，人工糖的合成一直受到科学界的不断研究，世界各地的科学家都为这一努力做出了贡献)”可知，传统的糖提取过程中原料供应不可靠，所以科学家一直研究人工糖合成。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段“The efficiency f sugar synthesis in this study was 0.67 grams per liter per hur, which was mre than 10 times higher than the previus results achieved by scientists wrldwide. Yang said that the carbn dixide t sugar cnversin rate f glucse reached 59.8 nanmles f carbn per milligram f catalyst per minute. This is the highest level f artificial sugar prductin knwn dmestically and internatinally.(在这项研究中，糖的合成效率为每小时0.67克每升，比全球科学家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上。杨教授说，二氧化碳转化为糖的葡萄糖转化率达到每毫克催化剂每分钟59.8纳摩尔的碳。这是国内和国际上已知的人造糖产量的最高水平)”可知，二氧化碳转化为糖的葡萄糖转化率浓度高，糖的合成效率为每小时0.67克每升，比全球科学家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上，所以中国科学家的研究意义重大，是因为它将高浓度的二氧化碳转化为糖。故选C项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The achievement by Chinese scientists has prvided a flexible, multifunctinal and efficient sugar synthesis rute, which pens a dr fr green chemistry, Reetz said. Green chemistry, similar t sustainable chemistry, is a rapidly develping field(Reetz说，中国科学家的这一成就提供了一种灵活、多功能和高效的糖合成途径，为绿色化学打开了一扇门。绿色化学，类似于可持续化学，是一个快速发展的领域)”及最后一段“Carbn dixide t sugar cnversin is seen as an example f green chemistry, since it was cnducted under nrmal temperature and pressure cnditins and did nt yield any harmful substances.(二氧化碳到糖的转化被视为绿色化学的一个例子，因为它是在常温常压条件下进行的，不产生任何有害物质)”可知，二氧化碳精确合成糖为绿色化学打开了一扇门，它是一个快速发展的领域，可得出绿色化学是中国科学家将投入更多努力的一个新领域。故选C项。
D
Teens wh have gd, supprtive relatinships with their teachers enjy better health as adults, accrding t a research.
“This research suggests that imprving students’ relatinships with teachers culd have imprtant, psitive and lng-lasting effects beynd just academic success,” said Jinh Kim, the authr f the study. “It culd als bring abut imprtant health benefits in the lng run.”
Previus research has suggested that teens’ scial relatinships might be linked t health utcmes in adulthd—perhaps because pr relatinships can lead t chrnic stress which can raise a persn’s risk f health prblems ver the lifespan, accrding t Kim. Hwever, it is nt clear whether the link between teen relatinships and lifetime health is certainly cause and effect—it culd be that ther factrs, such as different family backgrunds, might cntribute t bth relatinship prblems in adlescence and pr health in adulthd. Als, mst research has fcused n teens relatinships with their peers, rather than n their relatinships with teachers.
T explre thse questins further, Kim analyzed data n nearly 20,000 participants frm the Add Health study, a natinal study that fllwed participants fr 13 years, frm seventh grade int early adulthd. The participants included mre than 3, 400 pairs f brthers and sisters. As teens, participants answered questins, like “Hw ften have yu had truble getting alng with ther students?” “Hw much d yu agree that friends care abut yu?” “Hw ften have yu had truble getting alng with yur teachers?” and “Hw much d yu agree that teachers care abut yu?” As adults, participants were asked abut their physical and mental health. Researchers als tk measures f physical health, such as bld pressure and BMI (体质指数).
Kim fund that, as expected, participants wh had reprted better relatinships with bth their peers and teachers in middle schl and high schl als reprted better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. Hwever, when he cntrlled fr family backgrund by lking at pairs f brthers and sisters, nly the link between gd teacher relatinships and adult health remained significant.
The results suggest that teacher relatinships are even mre imprtant than previusly realized and that schls shuld invest in training teachers n hw t build warm and supprtive relatinships with their students, accrding t Kim.
31. Accrding t paragraph 3, we can knw that ________.
A. teen relatinships with teachers were nt studied befre.
B. family backgrund is the main factr in imprving mental health.
C. teen relatinship is nt the nly factr that affects the lifetime health.
D. relatinship prblems in adlescence can cause pr health in adulthd.
32. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. Hw the research was dneB. What questins were explred
C. Hw physical health was measuredD. What kind f participants were studied
33. Accrding t Kim’s findings, we can infer that ________.
A. Gd adult health depends n teens’ gd teachers.
B. Mre attentin shuld be paid t the students relatinships with teachers.
C. The imprtance f student-teacher relatinships was fully realized befre.
D. Participants reprted better relatinships with their teachers and better health as adults.
34. Where des this text prbably cme frm?
A. A. family surveyB. A medical reprt
C. A term paperD. A health magazine
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍研究表明与老师关系良好，有益于青少年成年时的健康状况。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Previus research has suggested that teens’ scial relatinships might be linked t health utcmes in adulthd—perhaps because pr relatinships can lead t chrnic stress which can raise a persn’s risk f health prblems ver the lifespan, accrding t Kim. Hwever, it is nt clear whether the link between teen relatinships and lifetime health is certainly cause and effect—it culd be that ther factrs, such as different family backgrunds, might cntribute t bth relatinship prblems in adlescence and pr health in adulthd.(此前的研究表明，青少年的社会关系可能与成年后的健康状况有关——据Kim说，这可能是因为不良的人际关系会导致慢性压力，从而增加一个人一生中出现健康问题的风险。然而，目前还不清楚青少年关系和终生健康之间的联系是否一定是因果关系——可能是其他因素，如不同的家庭背景，可能导致青少年时期的关系问题和成年后的健康状况不佳)”可知，青少年关系不是影响一生健康的唯一因素。故选C。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“T explre thse questins further, Kim analyzed data n nearly 20,000 participants frm the Add Health study that fllwed participants fr 13 years, frm seventh grade int early adulthd.(为了进一步探索这些问题，Kim分析了来自于Add Health研究的几乎2万个参与者们的13年跟踪的数据，从他们7年级直到成年早期)”可知，第四段主要描述这项研究是如何实施的。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The results suggest that teacher relatinships are even mre imprtant than previusly realized and that schls shuld invest in training teachers n hw t build warm and supprtive relatinships with their students, accrding t Kim.(结果表明，跟老师的关系要比以前意识到的更加重要，并且学校应该投入对老师在如何跟学生建立温和支持的关系上的培训)”可知，最后一段表明应该更加关注学生和老师的关系。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Teens wh have gd, supprtive relatinships with their teachers enjy better health as adults, accrding t a research.(一项研究表明，与老师有着良好、支持性关系青少年成年后更健康)”结合文章主要围绕青少年时期和老师的关系跟他们的成年健康有关系进行讨论。可推知，文章选自健康杂志。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking gd ntes is a time-saving skill that will help yu t becme a better student in several ways. ___35___ Secnd, yur ntes are excellent materials t refer t when yu are studying fr a test. Third, nte-taking ffers variety t yur study time and helps yu t hld yur interest.
Yu will want t take ntes during classrm discussins and while reading a textbk r ding research fr a reprt. ___36___ Whenever r hwever yu take ntes, keep in mind that nte-taking is a selective prcess. ___37___
The fllwing methds may wrk best fr yu.
·Read the text quickly t find the main facts and ideas in it.
Carefully read the text and watch fr wrds that can shw main pints and supprting facts.
Write yur ntes in yur wn wrds.
·___38___
Nte any questins r ideas yu may have abut what was said r written.
As yu take ntes, yu may want t use yur wn shrthand (速记). When yu d, be sure that yu understand yur symbls and that yu use them all the time. ___39___
A. Use wrds nt cmplete sentences.
B. There are three practical nte-taking methds.
C. Yu must write yur ntes n separate paper.
D. Otherwise, yu may nt be able t read yur ntes later.
E. Yu will als want t develp yur wn methd fr taking ntes.
F. That means yu must first decide what is imprtant enugh t include in yur ntes.
G. First, the simple act f writing smething dwn makes it easier fr yu t understand and remember it.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. F 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几条记笔记的建议。
【35题详解】
空前“Taking gd ntes is a time-saving skill that will help yu t becme a better student in several ways.(记好笔记是一项节省时间的技能，它将在几个方面帮助你成为一个更好的学生。)”说明记笔记有很多好处，由后面secnd, third可判断，空格处应该填的是第一方面，即first，G选项“First, the simple act f writing smething dwn makes it easier fr yu t understand and remember it.(首先，把东西写下来这个简单的行为会让你更容易理解和记住它。)”说明是第一方面，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
【36题详解】
根据下文“Whenever r hwever yu take ntes, keep in mind that nte-taking is a selective prcess.(无论何时以何种方式记笔记，记住记笔记是一个选择性的过程。)”以及前一句“Yu will want t take ntes during classrm discussins and while reading a textbk r ding research fr a reprt.(在课堂讨论、阅读教科书或为报告做研究时，你会想要做笔记。)”可知，前一句已经说到了什么时候想要记笔记，那这里就该说用什么方式去记，这样就和下文“不管什么时候或用什么方式去记笔记”连贯起来了，E选项“Yu will als want t develp yur wn methd fr taking ntes.(你也会想要发展自己记笔记的方法。)”说明了你想要有自己的记笔记的方法，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
【37题详解】
这里是对前一句话的解释。根据前一句话“Whenever r hwever yu take ntes, keep in mind that nte-taking is a selective prcess.(无论何时以何种方式记笔记，记住记笔记是一个选择性的过程。)”说明记笔记是选择性的过程，也就是你得知道哪些重要，该记下来，哪些不用记下来，F选项“That means yu must first decide what is imprtant enugh t include in yur ntes.(这意味着你必须首先决定什么是重要的，要写进你的笔记。)”说明了你要决定记什么，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
【38题详解】
这里介绍是可能最适合你的记笔记的几种方法。空前“Write yur ntes in yur wn wrds.(用你自己的话写笔记。)”是一种方法，空后“Nte any questins r ideas yu may have abut what was said r written.(记下你对所说或所写内容的任何问题或想法。)”也是一种方法，空格处也应该是方法，用动词原形表示，A项“Use wrds nt cmplete sentences.(使用单词而不是完整的句子。)”说的是如何记笔记的方法，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“As yu take ntes, yu may want t use yur wn shrthand (速记). When yu d, be sure that yu understand yur symbls and that yu use them all the time.(当你记笔记时，你可能想要使用你自己的速记法。当你这样做的时候，确保你理解了你的符号，并且你一直在使用它们。)”可知，在你记笔记的时候，你可能会用速记的方式。一定要注意，要确保你以后还能看懂你用的速记符号，并且一直这样用，否则的话，以后你可能就看不懂你记的笔记了，D选项“Otherwise, yu may nt be able t read yur ntes later.(否则，你以后可能无法阅读你的笔记。)”说明了你以后可能无法阅读你的笔记，承接上文的“be sure that yu understand yur symbls and that yu use them all the time”，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Last year, I baked biscuits fr cmplete strangers t say “thank yu”. I’d had t call 999 because I fund my husband uncnscius n the flr. Within minutes, a plice car arrived and sn my husband received medical care in hspital.
A week later, when I drpped ff still-warm biscuits and presented a thank-yu nte at the plice statin, the plicemen thanked me fr delivering gifts.
I drve away feeling light and happy. Later, I realized that my natural high might have been mre than it seemed.Research has shwn that sharing gratitude has psitive effects n health. Peple wh express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lwer their bld pressure and get better sleep.
What abut peple wh receive gratitude?Research has cnfirmed that when peple receive thanks, they experience psitive emtins.“Thse are happy surprises,”says J-Ann Tsang, a prfessr f psychlgy. When smene is thanked,he’s mre likely t return the favr r pass kindness n, and his chances f being helpful again dubles, prbably because he enjys feeling scially valued.
The give-and-take f gratitude als deepens relatinships. Studies shw that when yur lved nes regularly express gratitude,making yu feel appreciated,yu’re mre likely t return appreciative feelings, which leads t mre satisfactry in yur relatinships.
Nwadays,hwever,many peple dn’t express gratitude. Our mdern lifestyle may be t blame. With cmmercial and scial media, everything is speeding the yunger generatin t feel they’re the center f the wrld. If it’s all abut them, why thank thers?
Why nt thank thers? Just take a lk at hw many psitive effects can saying “thank yu”have n persnal health—and the well-being f thers.
If yu aren’t particularly grateful, I strngly suggest yu learn t be.Peple wh are instructed t keep gratitude jurnals,in which they write dwn psitive things that happen t them,cultivate gratitude ver time.
40. What health benefits can peple gain frm expressing gratitude?
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41. Hw d peple prbably respnd when they receive gratitude and feel scially valued?
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42. Please decide which part f the fllwing statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
▷ Saying “thank-yu”imprves relatinships,but nwadays sme yung peple dn’t want t d it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whle sciety.
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43. If pssible, wh wuld yu like t express gratitude t mst? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】40. Peple wh express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lwer their bld pressure, and get better sleep.
41. They are mre likely t return the favr r pass kindness n, and their chances f being helpful again duble.
42. Saying “thank-yu” imprves relatinships, but nwadays sme yung peple dn’t want t d it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whle sciety.
Everything is making sme peple feel they’re the center f the wrld.
43. I wuld like t express gratitude t my parents mst, because they have always supprted me thrugh thick and thin, and have sacrificed a lt t prvide me with the best pprtunities in life.
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了感激以及被感激都会对我们的身心带来积极的影响。
40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Peple wh express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lwer their bld pressure and get better sleep.(表达感激之情的人会增加他们的幸福感，降低他们的血压，并获得更好的睡眠。)”可知，表达感激之情的人会增加幸福感、降低血压并获得更好地睡眠。故答案为Peple wh express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lwer their bld pressure, and get better sleep。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“When smene is thanked, he’s mre likely t return the favr r pass kindness n, and his chances f being helpful again dubles, prbably because he enjys feeling scially valued.(当有人被感谢时，他更有可能回报你的帮助或传递善意，他帮助别人的可能性会增加一倍，可能是因为他喜欢被社会重视的感觉。)”可知，当一个人被感谢了之后，他极有可能回报别人或传递爱意，而且他们帮助别人的可能性也会翻倍。故答案为They are mre likely t return the favr r pass kindness n, and their chances f being helpful again duble。
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章第六段“Nwadays, hwever, many peple dn’t express gratitude. Our mdern lifestyle may be t blame. With cmmercial and scial media, everything is speeding the yunger generatin t feel they’re the center f the wrld.(然而，现在很多人不表达感激之情。我们的现代生活方式可能是罪魁祸首。随着商业和社交媒体的发展，一切都在促使年青一代觉得自己是世界的中心。)”可知，年轻人不愿意表达感激之情是因为社会的发展让年青一代觉得自己是世界的中心。由此判断Saying “thank-yu” imprves relatinships, but nwadays sme yung peple dn’t want t d it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whle sciety.中的“because everything is making them feel blamed by the whle sciety.”是错误的。故答案为Saying “thank-yu” imprves relatinships, but nwadays sme yung peple dn’t want t d it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whle sciety.
Everything is making sme peple feel they’re the center f the wrld.
【43题详解】
开放题。要求考生谈谈最想感谢的人以及原因，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为I wuld like t express gratitude t my parents mst, because they have always supprted me thrugh thick and thin, and have sacrificed a lt t prvide me with the best pprtunities in life.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校下周将要举办秋游活动，请给你校的交换生Jim写一封信，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：
1. 时间、地点、参加者；
2. 活动安排；
3. 询问意愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：autumn utging
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing t tell yu that ur schl will rganize an autumn utging this Friday and we sincerely invite yu t jin us.
The Fragrant Hill is cnsidered as the perfect destinatin, since it is famus fr its red leaves in autumn. Almst all teachers and students in ur schl will participate in this activity. We are scheduled t set ff at the schl gate at 8 a.m. and return t schl arund 4 p.m. We will climb the hill, appreciate the eye-catching scenery alng the way, and have a picnic at the tp f the hill.
We d hpe yu are able t make it. Wuld yu please let us knw if yu can attend? We are lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校下周将要举办秋游活动，请给你校的交换生Jim写一封信，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：1. 时间、地点、参加者；2. 活动安排；3. 询问意愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely
被认为：be cnsidered as→be regarded as
有名的：famus→well-knwn
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We will climb the hill, appreciate the eye-catching scenery alng the way, and have a picnic at the tp f the hill.
拓展句：We will have sme activities which include climbing the hill, appreciating the eye-catching scenery alng the way, and having a picnic at the tp f the hill.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing t tell yu that ur schl will rganize an autumn utging this Friday and we sincerely invite yu t jin us.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】The Fragrant Hill is cnsidered as the perfect destinatin, since it is famus fr its red leaves in autumn. (运用了since引导的原因状语从句)