高考英语二轮-阅读理解——议论文（专项训练）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解——议论文（专项训练）（全国通用）（教师版），共59页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
考向 议论文
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
议论文创新练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
1.（2025·浙江省桐乡市高三5月模拟测试）
Human beings have a fundamental need t belng. Yet we are living in a time f lneliness and islatin. A lack f scial cnnectin can have negative cnsequences fr bth ur mental and physical health. T encurage the feelings f cnnectedness, recent studies suggest that experiential purchases, such as travel, meals at restaurants and recreatin, tend t bring peple mre happiness than material nes, and can prmte a greater sense f scial cnnectin.
In a series f 13 experiments invlving 1,980 participants, researchers asked peple t think abut either experiential r material purchases they had made and then rate their thughts and feelings abut thse purchases. Peple reprted feeling mre cnnected with thse wh had made the same experiential purchase than thse wh had made the same material purchase. This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are mre central t an individual’s identity.
Mrever, these findings apply even when peple think abut hw their experiences differ. Even in cases where participants were asked t cnsider a situatin in which they met smene making a similar but better experiential r material purchase, experiences were mre likely t fster cnnectin between peple than material items were. Althugh the unpleasant scial cmparisn can create a sense f scial distance, this distance feels less wide when it cmes t experiential purchases. That’s because it’s easier fr peple t find cmmn grund and feel kinship with smene else ver their similar experiences.
Finally, after peple think abut a jyus experience, they express a greater desire t engage in scial activities than they d after they reflect n an imprtant pssessin. As experiences bnd us with thers, they prvide memries f such bnd that peple can revisit. These memries, in turn, can encurage engagement in even mre sciality.
One clear takeaway frm this research is that peple wuld likely be wise t shift their spending habit frm “having” t “ding”. Als, the research hints that directing resurces tward mre cmmunity engagement might drive imprvements in scietal well-being.
1．Which can be an example f experiential purchases?
A．Watching a paid magic shw.B．Claiming free fd samples.
C．Reading fictins in a library.D．Purchasing a trendy T-shirt.
2．What des the underlined wrd “kinship” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．A shared family backgrund.B．A sense f emtinal clseness.
C．A tendency t be cmpetitive.D．A desire t purchase the same things.
3．What can be learned abut experiential purchases?
A．They are better fr mental develpment.B．They create unpleasant scial cmparisns.
C．They cntribute t widening scial distance.D．They encurage engagement in scial events.
4．What are peple advised t d accrding t the text?
A．Reflecting n ur cnsumptin preference.B．Seting rules t limit unnecessary spending.
C．Encuraging cmmunity engagement.D．Expliting mre resurces in cmmunity.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了体验式购买相比物质购买更能促进社交连接和幸福感，并通过一系列实验研究论证了这一观点，最终建议人们将消费习惯从“拥有”转向“参与”，并鼓励社区参与以提升社会福祉。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第1段“T encurage the feelings f cnnectedness, recent studies suggest that experiential purchases, such as travel, meals at restaurants and recreatin, tend t bring peple mre happiness than material nes, and can prmte a greater sense f scial cnnectin.(为了鼓励联系感，最近的研究表明，体验式消费，如旅游、在餐馆吃饭和娱乐活动，往往比物质消费给人们带来更多的幸福感，并能促进更大的社会联系感)”可推知，体验式购买是参与活动或经历。选项A“看付费魔术表演”是体验式购买的典型例子。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“Althugh the unpleasant scial cmparisn can create a sense f scial distance, this distance feels less wide when it cmes t experiential purchases. That’s because it’s easier fr peple t find cmmn grund and feel kinshipwith smene else ver their similar experiences.(尽管不愉快的社会比较会产生一种社会距离感，但当涉及到体验式购买时，这种距离感就没那么大了。这是因为人们更容易找到共同点，并在相似的经历中与他人产生kinship)”可知，体验式购买时，这种社会距离感就没那么大，即较为亲近，所以kinship 表示情感上的亲近感。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第4段“Finally, after peple think abut a jyus experience, they express a greater desire t engage in scial activities than they d after they reflect n an imprtant pssessin. As experiences bnd us with thers, they prvide memries f such bnd that peple can revisit. These memries, in turn, can encurage engagement in even mre sciality.(最后，当人们想到一次快乐的经历后，他们比反思一件重要的财产后更渴望参与社交活动。当经历将我们与他人联系在一起时，它们提供了人们可以重温的这种联系的记忆。这些记忆反过来又可以鼓励更多的社交活动)”可推知，体验式购买会鼓励参与社交活动。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第5段“One clear takeaway frm this research is that peple wuld likely be wise t shift their spending habit frm “having” t “ding”. Als, the research hints that directing resurces tward mre cmmunity engagement might drive imprvements in scietal well-being.(这项研究的一个明显结论是，人们可能会明智地将他们的消费习惯从“有”转变为“做”。此外，该研究暗示，将资源用于更多的社区参与可能会推动社会福祉的改善)”可推知，文章建议鼓励社区参与。故选C。
2.（2025届辽宁省沈阳市皇姑区辽宁省实验中学高三下学期二模）While cnducting a wrkshp n creativity, I gave each small grup a small bx f paper clips (回形针). I invited each grup t recrd as many different uses fr a paper clip as they culd in five minutes. Obviusly, these third-grade student grups were able t generate multiple respnses and the quality f thse respnses was all ver the map. Their creativity was in full swing.
We ften have this belief that when faced with a creative challenge, we need t generate a really gd idea that will save the day. As a result, we fcus n “the perfect idea” r “the best slutin” withut the necessity f generating lts f bad nes alng the way. Yet prducing unwrkable, impractical, and wrthless ideas is a necessary and essential part f the creative prcess.
One f the classic bks, ne that ges against the grain f what mst writing instructin bks d, is the incmparable Writing Dwn the Bnes: Freeing the Writer Within by Natalie Gldberg. One f the finest pieces f advice in the bk is fr writers and anyne trying t generate creative thughts t give themselves permissin t create crappy (蹩脚的) ideas.
Creativity is based n the cncept f prducing multiple ideas — ideas withut any restrictins, definitins, r limitatins. When we imagine the quality f an idea, we limit its effectiveness. When we pre-assess thughts in advance f putting them int actin, we reduce their wrth r ultimate use. The impacts are shcking. There is an idea that a sustained fcus n prducing nly “gd” r “perfect” ideas frces us int a “dn’t take any risks” mindset and significantly reduces ur creative spirit.
The slutin when faced with a creative challenge: generate vermuch ideas withut regard t their apprpriateness r usefulness. Sme f thse ideas will be pssibilities and sme will be useless. That’s OK. Ultimately, knw this: generating crappy ideas is an essential part f the creative prcess. It’s yur brain with its “pedal (踏板) t the metal”.
1．What des the authr believe abut the creative prcess?
A．It must avid taking any risks.B．It requires sme perfect ideas.
C．It’s limited t practical slutins.D．It shuld invlve prducing crappy ideas.
2．Why des the authr mentin the bk Writing Dwn the Bnes in paragraph 3?
A．T explain a rule.B．T present a fact.
C．T prve an pinin.D．T make a predictin.
3．What impact des fcusing n perfect ideas have n creativity?
A．Enhancing risk-taking.B．Limiting lgical thughts.
C．Destrying creative spirit.D．Encuraging diverse thinking.
4．What wuld be the best title fr this text?
A．Hw We Overcme Creative BlcksB．Why It’s Gd t Have Crappy Ideas
C．The Ways f Generating Rich CreativityD．The Imprtance f Increasing Writing Art
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述蹩脚想法是创造过程的必要部分。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet prducing unwrkable, impractical, and wrthless ideas is a necessary and essential part f the creative prcess. (然而，产生不可行、不切实际和毫无价值的想法是创造过程中必不可少的一部分。)”以及最后一段“Ultimately, knw this: generating crappy ideas is an essential part f the creative prcess. (最终，要知道这一点：产生蹩脚的想法是创造过程中必不可少的一部分。)”可知，作者认为创造过程应该包括产生蹩脚的想法。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“One f the classic bks, ne that ges against the grain f what mst writing instructin bks d, is the incmparable Writing Dwn the Bnes: Freeing the Writer Within by Natalie Gldberg. One f the finest pieces f advice in the bk is fr writers and anyne trying t generate creative thughts t give themselves permissin t create crappy ideas. (然而，产生不可行、不切实际和毫无价值的想法是创造过程中必不可少的一部分。书中最好的建议之一是，对于作家和任何试图产生创造性想法的人来说，要允许自己产生蹩脚的想法。)”可知，作者在第三段提到《Writing Dwn the Bnes》这本书是为了证明一个观点，即允许自己产生蹩脚的想法对于激发创造力是必要的。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“There is an idea that a sustained fcus n prducing nly “gd” r “perfect” ideas frces us int a “dn’t take any risks” mindset and significantly reduces ur creative spirit. (有一种观点认为，持续专注于只产生“好”或“完美”的想法会迫使我们陷入“不要冒任何风险”的心态，并显著降低我们的创造力。)”可知，专注于完美的想法会限制逻辑思维。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“While cnducting a wrkshp n creativity, I gave each small grup a small bx f paper clips (回形针). I invited each grup t recrd as many different uses fr a paper clip as they culd in five minutes. Obviusly, these third-grade student grups were able t generate multiple respnses and the quality f thse respnses was all ver the map. Their creativity was in full swing. (在开展一场关于创造力的研讨会时，我给每个小组发了一小盒回形针。我邀请每个小组在五分钟内尽可能多地记录下回形针的不同用途。显然，这些三年级的学生小组能够想出多种回答，而且这些回答的质量参差不齐。他们的创造力正蓬勃涌现。)”可知，全文围绕“蹩脚想法”在创造过程中的重要性展开，强调产生不可行、不切实际和毫无价值的想法是创造过程中必不可少的一部分。因此，最佳标题应突出“蹩脚想法”的积极作用。故选B。
3.（2025届吉林省白城市高三下学期模拟预测）In a wrld where ur digital devices have becme extensins f urselves, it’s n surprise that we ften immerse (沉浸) urselves in screens rather than engage with the wrld and peple arund us.
But amidst this digital deluge (涌现的事物), smething vital is being lst: the art f genuine human cnnectin. These devices ffer a cnvenient escape frm bredm r discmfrt, allwing us t avid awkward scial situatins r difficult emtins.
Small talk ften receives criticism fr being empty r insignificant. Rarely des smene express a fndness fr it, let alne find fulfillment in it. Hwever, small talk matters a lt in scial interactins. Think f it as the warm-up befre a wrkut — it helps us ease int deeper cnversatins and establishes a fundatin f trust and understanding. It lays the grundwrk fr assessing whether the exchange has the ptential t cultivate a friendship r deeper cnnectin. Even ne-ff exchanges with smene at the grcery stre r at the bus stp ffer pprtunities fr cnnectin.
But ur aversin (厌恶) t small talk is significant. We may cnvince urselves that we’re nt gd at it r that it’s unnecessary, but that’s simply an excuse. Yes, f curse, scial anxiety is real, but the nly way t vercme the fears is thrugh practice, gaining cnfidence by slwly taking risks, and actively engaging in cnversatins.
S, hw can we embrace small talk and harness its pwer? Start by paying attentin t yur surrundings and engaging with thse arund yu. Whether it’s cmmenting n the weather r striking up a cnversatin abut a shared experience, small talk prvides an pprtunity t cnnect with thers n a basic level.
Like any skill, small talk requires practice. Start small by initiating cnversatins with strangers r acquaintances and gradually wrk yur way up t deeper cnnectins. With each interactin, yu’ll gain cnfidence and build the skills necessary fr meaningful cnversatins.
It may feel uncmfrtable at first, but with practice, we can regain the richness f human interactin and cultivate relatinships that truly nurish(滋养)the sul, build cnfidence, and reclaim the internal real estate that is verrun with anxius thughts.
1．Why d peple ften prefer t engage with digital devices rather than the real wrld?
A．They find it mre cnvenient t d s.B．They are afraid f genuine relatinships.
C．They have little time t engage with thers.D．They want t avid face-t-face cmmunicatin.
2．What des the authr think f small talk?
A．It is an unnecessary and hard skill.B．It takes a lt f meaningful time.
C．It plays a crucial rle in scial interactins.D．It is difficult t master fr mst peple.
3．What des the underlined wrd “harness” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Hld.B．Emply.C．Discver.D．Overlk.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Hw t Overcme Scial AnxietyB．The Challenges f Mdern Scial Life
C．Digital Devices and Human CnnectinD．The Pwer f Small Talk in Scial Life
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕“闲聊的力量”这一主题展开论述，阐述了闲聊在社交生活、建立人脉以及深化人际关系中的重要作用。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These devices ffer a cnvenient escape frm bredm r discmfrt, allwing us t avid awkward scial situatins r difficult emtins.(这些设备提供了一个方便的逃避无聊或不适的方式，让我们避免尴尬的社交场合或困难的情绪)”可知，人们更喜欢使用数字设备而不是现实世界交往，是因为使用数字设备交往更方便，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hwever, small talk matters a lt in scial interactins.(然而，闲聊在社交互动中很重要)”可知，作者认为闲聊在社会交往中起着至关重要的作用，故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Start by paying attentin t yur surrundings and engaging with thse arund yu. Whether it’s cmmenting n the weather r striking up a cnversatin abut a shared experience, small talk prvides an pprtunity t cnnect with thers n a basic level.(首先要注意周围的环境，并与周围的人互动。无论是评论天气还是聊一聊共同的经历，闲聊都提供了一个与他人建立基本联系的机会)”可知，作者建议积极闲聊，下文在说如何通过关注周围环境并与周围的人互动来利用闲聊的力量，故划线词所在句指“接受闲聊并利用它的力量”，harness意为“利用”，故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“Hwever, small talk matters a lt in scial interactins. Think f it as the warm-up befre a wrkut — it helps us ease int deeper cnversatins and establishes a fundatin f trust and understanding. It lays the grundwrk fr assessing whether the exchange has the ptential t cultivate a friendship r deeper cnnectin. Even ne-ff exchanges with smene at the grcery stre r at the bus stp ffer pprtunities fr cnnectin.(然而，闲聊在社交互动中很重要。把它想象成锻炼前的热身——它帮助我们轻松地进入更深层次的对话，建立信任和理解的基础。它为评估交流是否有可能培养友谊或加深联系奠定了基础。即使是在杂货店或公共汽车站与某人的一次性交流也提供了建立联系的机会)”可知，本文主要讲述闲聊在社会生活中的作用，D项“闲聊在社交生活中的力量”最适合作为标题，故选D。
4.（2025届山东师范大学附属中学高三下学期5月适应性检测）Fr centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what des that leave ut? As a scial psychlgist, I have dedicated my research career t a simple, but universal questin: what makes fr a gd life, and hw can we achieve it?
Fr much f human histry, we have been presented with tw pssibilities: pursuing a life f happiness, r a life f meaning. Each f these paths has its benefits, but decades f psychlgical research have als revealed their limits.
Ask the Danes and Finns, wh cnsistently rank amng the happiest peple in the wrld, what their secret is and they’ll tell yu this: lwer yur expectatins and be cntent with what yu have. It sunds gd, desn’t it? But it leaves smething ut. It’s a bit like being a cllege student wh nly takes easy curses t be sure f getting gd grades. Might there be mre t life than simple pleasures and czy cmfrt?
Then there’s the meaningful life. We ften imagine that meaning flws frm trying t change the wrld like Steve Jbs. Once again, the research shws that lwering yur sights and fcusing n the little things can ffer a mre achievable sense f meaning. Often peple find it in rutines like taking care f family, r vlunteering in the cmmunity. But there is als a dark side t the pursuit f meaning: researchers have fund that it can encurage peple t draw sharp lines between thse wh belng in their grup and thse wh dn’t.
My research lab mapped ut a third rute t fulfillment: psychlgical richness. A psychlgically rich life is ne filled with diverse, unusual and interesting experiences that change yur perspective; a life with twists and turns; a life that feels like a lng, winding hike rather than many laps f the same racing circuit. Such experiences can make us tugher. Nt nly that, embracing the pursuit f psychlgical richness can make us less likely t regret: it matters less if the thing yu did went wrng.
Perhaps n ne said it better than Eleanr Rsevelt: “The purpse f life, after all, is t live it, t taste experience t the utmst, t reach ut eagerly and withut fear”.
1．What is revealed abut pursuing happiness r meaning?
A．Their benefits utweigh the limits.B．They are equally difficult t achieve.
C．Bth paths have limits despite their benefits.D．Mst peple priritize happiness ver meaning.
2．What des the example f “a cllege student” shw in paragraph 3?
A．Gratitude is essential fr a happy life.B．We shuld live up t thers’ expectatins.
C．Life means mre than leisure and cmfrt.D．Happiness requires academic achievement.
3．What des the underlined wrds “a dark side” imply in paragraph 4?
A．It may lead t prejudice against utsiders.B．It may result in the lss f grup belnging.
C．It demands t much vlunteer invlvement.D．It makes peple frget their family respnsibilities.
4．What is the authr’s main purpse in writing this article?
A．T prmte Rsevelt’s life philsphy.B．T intrduce a new cncept f life fulfillment.
C．T criticize traditinal psychlgical research.D．T cmpare different cultural views n happiness.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者指出传统幸福与意义观有局限，提出 “心理丰富性” 概念，指通过多样经历改变视角，实现生活满足。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Each f these paths has its benefits, but decades f psychlgical research have als revealed their limits.(这些路径各有其优势，但数十年的心理学研究也揭示了它们的局限性)”可知，关于追求幸福或意义，无论哪条道路都有其局限性，尽管它们都有诸多益处。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s a bit like being a cllege student wh nly takes easy curses t be sure f getting gd grades. Might there be mre t life than simple pleasures and czy cmfrt?(这有点像一个大学生，只选择容易的课程，只为确保能取得好成绩。难道生活中除了简单的快乐和舒适的生活之外就没有更多了吗？)”可知，第三段中“一名大学生”的例子说明了生活远不止是休闲和舒适。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“researchers have fund that it can encurage peple t draw sharp lines between thse wh belng in their grup and thse wh dn’t(研究人员发现，这可能会促使人们将那些属于自己群体的人与不属于的人划出明显的界限)”可知，下划线部分的“a dark side (阴暗面)”一词意味着它可能会导致对外人的偏见。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Fr centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what des that leave ut? As a scial psychlgist, I have dedicated my research career t a simple, but universal questin: what makes fr a gd life, and hw can we achieve it?(数百年来，我们一直追求幸福与意义。但这样做的同时，又忽略了什么呢？作为一名社会心理学家，我的研究生涯一直围绕着一个简单却普遍的问题展开：什么样的生活才是美好的？我们又该如何实现这样的生活呢？)”并结合文章作者指出传统幸福与意义观有局限，提出“心理丰富性”概念，指通过多样经历改变视角，实现生活满足。可知，作者撰写这篇文章的旨在介绍一种新的生活满足感的概念。故选B。
5.（2025届山东省日照市高三下学期三模）
Nw cntrversial new technlgies prmise parents even mre cntrl ver their embrys (胚胎) . Tday, a lt f thse “designer babies” are teenagers. And sme families are discvering that things dn’t always wrk ut as planned; The kids feel like walking science experiments; the parents are disappinted in hw their children turned ut. Fertility (生育) businesses are selling a chance f dmestic welfare, and these families feel cheated.
Peple wh have children this way ften place t much imprtance n genes while ignring the envirnment. It’s like, “This is what ur family is ging t lk like. We’re ging t pick a kid, and this is hw we're ging t put it tgether,” It’s like a prject r building a cmpany. Peple dn’t always realize they are creating a human being and nt a piece f furniture. They tend t get what they want and dn’t hear “n” a lt. S when their kid shws up and isn't the way that they want, what happens?
Usually, it’s a disaster. In these hmes, a high value gets placed n achievement. I think the way these kids are created sends the message: “Yu’re nt gd enugh. Yu need t achieve.” When the kids struggle, it’s especially devastating. The child grws up feeling very different, knwing they were an experiment but nt getting the prper supprt r acceptance they need t grw.
In my wrk, I help parents accept: This is the child yu have. I help them make abstract cncepts mre cncrete. Smetimes just explaining “yu and yur child are nt the same persn” des the trick. And I help kids accept the reality f their parents. Or say a teenager desn’t feel lved. I might need t clarify t them that “lve” is nt a tangible feeling, like getting kicked. It means smene feels fndness tward yu like yu feel fndness tward candies r tys.
Trying t cntrl yur child is a recipe fr disaster. The kid is ging t rebel (反抗) . I dn’t knw if anyne’s making sure parents understand that they can’t test-drive a child and then return it. Yu prbably can predict stcks, but human behavir has far t many variables.
1．What des the authr stress regarding “designer babies” in paragraph 1?
A．The high expectatins frm their parents.
B．The psychlgical impact n their families.
C．The intentinal cheating frm fertility businesses.
D．The mral issues surrunding genetic engineering.
2．What is a cmmn prblem fr families with “designer babies”?
A．The children ften rebel against their parents.
B．The parents are t fcused n genetic perfectin.
C．The children feel like they are science experiments.
D．The parents are unable t affrd t raise their children.
3．What des the underlined wrd “devastating” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Cnfusing.B．Dubtful.C．Challenging.D．Harmful.
4．What is the authr’s suggestin fr parents f “designer babies”?
A．Invest mre in genetic research.
B．Accept their children as they are.
C．Fcus mre n their children’s achievements.
D．Seek prfessinal help t shape their children.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过分析“设计婴儿”引发的家庭问题，探讨基因技术与家庭教育的伦理冲突，并提出倡导接纳孩子本真的观点。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“And sme families are discvering that things dn’t always wrk ut as planned; The kids feel like walking science experiments; the parents are disappinted in hw their children turned ut.(一些家庭发现事情并不总是按计划进行；孩子们感觉自己像行走的科学实验品；父母对孩子的成长感到失望)”可知，作者强调“设计婴儿”给家庭带来的心理影响，包括孩子的自我认知偏差和父母的失望情绪。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Peple wh have children this way ften place t much imprtance n genes while ignring the envirnment.(通过这种方式生育孩子的人往往过于重视基因而忽视环境)”可知，这类家庭的共同问题是父母过于关注基因完美，将孩子视为可设计的“项目”而非独立个体。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段 “ When the kids struggle, it’s especially devastating. The child grws up feeling very different, knwing they were an experiment but nt getting the prper supprt r acceptance they need t grw.(当孩子们陷入困境时，这尤其devastating。孩子在成长过程中会感觉自己与他人截然不同，他们知道自己是实验的产物，却无法获得成长所需的适当支持或接纳)”可知，父母对成就的过度重视导致孩子在受挫时受到严重伤害，所以猜测devastating意为“毁灭性的、有害的”，与D项Harmful一致。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“In my wrk, I help parents accept: This is the child yu have. I help them make abstract cncepts mre cncrete. Smetimes just explaining ‘yu and yur child are nt the same persn’ des the trick.(在我的工作中，我帮助父母接受一个事实：这就是你拥有的孩子。我帮助他们将抽象的概念变得更具体。有时，仅仅解释‘你和你的孩子不是同一个人’就能解决问题)”可推知，作者建议父母接受孩子的本真而非试图控制其基因或成长轨迹。故选B。
6.（2025届江西省华大新高考联盟高三下学期名校高考预测卷（三模））A grwing number f cmpanies are building humanid rbts, and these mechanical lk-alikes are starting t appear in car factries and delivery places. Sme businesses even prmise rbts fr hme use. Yet ne big questin still has n answer: Why bther? Why make a rbt in a human shape when it culd take any imaginable frm?
The usual answer is that humanid rbts culd, in principle, handle any physical jbs a persn can. But that “in principle” is ding a lt f heavy lifting. If yu’ve watched vides f these rbts, yu’ll get it — they’re ften clumsy, awkward machines. Sure, the technlgy helping them stand and mve has cme a lng way, but they’re still nt as quick r graceful as humans. Meanwhile, rbts built fr a single jb — like an arm shifting gds between cnveyr belts (传送带) — are nw cmmnplace. Designed with ne purpse, they d it really well, unlike humanid rbts, which aim t d everything but ften master nthing.
Anther argument is that a human shape makes it easier fr peple t wrk with r cntrl rbts. This hlds sme water, especially since many f these machines still need skilled human peratrs. Cmpanies ften avid admitting this, calling it a shrt-term phase, but the dream f fully independent, AI-pwered humanid rbts — nes that match r beat human wrkers — remains a lng sht. Fr nw, what we’ve gt are human-shaped shells guided by peple behind the scenes. When Eln Musk intrduced Tesla’s Optimus rbt in 2021, he prudly claimed it culd teach, babysit, walk dgs, fetch grceries, r pur drinks. Yet thse rbts weren’t AI-driven, and each was cntrlled by a hidden human. Ntice a pattern? These tasks—lw-wage, service-riented jbs — suggest that, fr nw, humanid rbts just mask human effrt with a shiny surface.
Sme remte-cntrlled rbts serve real purpses, like in deep-sea explratin. But thse machines aren’t shaped like humans — they lk like capsules r small vehicles, and they wrk just fine. The idea that rbts must be human-shaped is a failure f imaginatin.
Yes, humanid rbts lk impressive. They remind us f the fantasies in science fictins where machines handle all difficult tasks. But tday, they are mstly marketing tls, masking human labr. And a rbt that desn’t truly imprve life is missing the pint.
1．What des the underlined phrase “hlds sme water” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Prvides sufficient evidence.B．Makes much sense.
C．Is partly reasnable.D．Is widely accepted.
2．Why des the authr mentin Tesla’s Optimus rbt?
A．T prve humanid rbts are better.B．T highlight its impressive technlgy.
C．T shw it can replace human wrkers.D．T suggest it is in the charge f humans.
3．What is the authr’s attitude tward humanid rbts?
A．Skeptical.B．Optimistic.C．Neutral.D．Cautius.
4．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．When Humanid Rbts Miss PtentialB．Hw Humanid Rbts Miss Gals
C．What Humanid Rbts Lack NwD．Why Humanid Rbts Fall Shrt
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人形机器人存在的问题及缺陷。
1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Anther argument is that a human shape makes it easier fr peple t wrk with r cntrl rbts.(另一种观点认为，人类的形态使人们更容易与机器人合作或控制机器人) ”以及划线单词所在的句子“especially since many f these machines still need skilled human peratrs.(尤其是考虑到许多这样的机器仍然需要熟练的人类操作员)”可知，另一种观点认为，人类的外形让人们更容易与机器人合作或控制机器人，特别是考虑到许多这样的机器仍然需要熟练的人类操作员，这有一定道理，因此，划线短语“hlds sme water”意思是“有一定道理”。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When Eln Musk intrduced Tesla’s Optimus rbt in 2021, he prudly claimed it culd teach, babysit, walk dgs, fetch grceries, r pur drinks. Yet thse rbts weren’t AI-driven, and each was cntrlled by a hidden human.(2021年，当埃隆·马斯克介绍特斯拉的Optimus机器人时，他自豪地宣称，它可以教学、照顾孩子、遛狗、取杂货或倒饮料。然而，这些机器人并不是人工智能驱动的，每个机器人都由一个隐藏的人控制)”可推知，作者提到特斯拉的Optimus机器人是为了表明它是由人类控制的。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes, humanid rbts lk impressive. They remind us f the fantasies in science fictins where machines handle all difficult tasks. But tday, they are mstly marketing tls, masking human labr. And a rbt that desn’t truly imprve life is missing the pint.(是的，人形机器人看起来令人印象深刻。它们让我们想起科幻小说中的幻想，机器可以处理所有困难的任务。但在今天，它们大多是营销工具，掩盖了人类的劳动。一个不能真正改善生活的机器人是没有意义的)”可推知，作者对人形机器人持怀疑态度。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A grwing number f cmpanies are building humanid rbts, and these mechanical lk-alikes are starting t appear in car factries and delivery places. Sme businesses even prmise rbts fr hme use. Yet ne big questin still has n answer: Why bther? Why make a rbt in a human shape when it culd take any imaginable frm?(越来越多的公司正在制造人形机器人，这些机械外观相似的机器人开始出现在汽车工厂和送货地点。一些企业甚至承诺将机器人用于家庭。然而，一个大问题仍然没有答案：为什么要费心呢？既然机器人可以采取任何想象的形式，为什么还要把它做成人的形状呢？)”以及结合全文可知，本文主要讨论了人形机器人虽然看起来令人印象深刻，但目前大多只是营销工具，掩盖了人类的劳动，并没有真正改善生活。文章分析了人们制造人形机器人的原因，并指出其存在的问题。可知，D选项“为什么人形机器人达不到预期”最符合文章标题。故选D。
7.（2025届重庆市第八中学校高三下学期5月全真模拟）Psychlgists lng believed happiness and meaning were keys t a gd life. Recent research, hwever, reveals a third dimensin (维度): psychlgical richness. In his bk Life in Three Dimensins, ShigehirOishi argues that significant life fulfillment requires embracing curisity-driven explratin and transfrmative experiences alngside happiness and meaning.
Oishi shares the stry f a father and sn. The father lived a stable life in a rural Japanese twn, maintaining family traditins fr his entire life. His sn pursued a different path — leaving his hme, studying abrad, and mving acrss cntinents. Althugh their lives highlight different pririties, bth fund elements f happiness and meaning. Even s, des that mean they bth live a full life?
Traditinal psychlgy utlines tw paths t achieve life fulfillment. The eudaimnic path values meaning thrugh family, cmmunity, r prfessinal dedicatins, while the hednic path seeks happiness by enjyable careers, rewarding experiences, r leisure pursuits. Yet bth paths cntain pitfalls. Overemphasizing happiness ften breeds anxiety, as studies cnfirm lasting cntentment stems frm relatinships, nt achievements. Similarly, being attached t great causes risks burnut. Therefre, either happiness r meaning alne fails t accunt fr the human need fr a cmplete life.
Psychlgical richness emerges as the vital third dimensin. It invlves lives clred by nvel experiences that reshape perspectives — studying abrad, mastering cmplex skills, r vercming difficulties. Peple wh are curius r scial naturally enjy this. Even thse lacking these characters can cultivate it thrugh small decisins, creative hbbies, r minr risks like explring unfamiliar neighbrhds. Even hard times can enhance psychlgical richness when regarded as pprtunities t grw.
As the sn in the stry, Oishi cncludes that fulfillment lies nt in chsing between happiness, meaning, r richness but cmbining them tgether. A farmer’s steady life and a traveler’s exciting jurney bth matter. Ultimately, the richest existence isn’t abut perfectin in any single dimensin but the harmnius interplay f all three.
1．What factr best explains the father-sn difference?
A．Generatin gap.B．Persnal chices.
C．Educatinal status.D．Ecnmic cnditins.
2．What des the underlined wrd “pitfalls” prbably mean in paragraph 3?
A．Csts.B．Features.C．Advantages.D．Reasns.
3．What can be learned frm the bk?
A．Persnalities are difficult t change.
B．Psychlgical richness develps with age.
C．Traditinal views shuld be abandned.
D．Life satisfactin is shaped by multiple factrs.
4．What is the recmmended shelf categry fr the bk?
A．Cultural Studies & Emtinal Health.B．Persnal Grwth & Life Philsphy.
C．Glbal Experiences & Art Appreciatin.D．Human Cnnectin & Career Develpment.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了生活满足感的三个维度及其重要性(生活满足感三维度及其意义探讨)。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The father lived a stable life in a rural Japanese twn, maintaining family traditins fr his entire life. His sn pursued a different path — leaving his hme, studying abrad, and mving acrss cntinents. Althugh their lives highlight different pririties, bth fund elements f happiness and meaning. (父亲在日本乡村过着稳定的生活，一生坚守家族传统；儿子则选择了不同的道路 —— 离开家乡、出国留学、跨洲迁居。尽管他们的生活体现了不同的人生优先级，但都找到了幸福和意义的元素。)”可知，父子俩的不同在于他们的人生选择不同。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Traditinal psychlgy utlines tw paths t achieve life fulfillment. The eudaimnic path values meaning thrugh family, cmmunity, r prfessinal dedicatins, while the hednic path seeks happiness by enjyable careers, rewarding experiences, r leisure pursuits. Yet bth paths cntain pitfalls. Overemphasizing happiness ften breeds anxiety, as studies cnfirm lasting cntentment stems frm relatinships, nt achievements. Similarly, being attached t great causes risks burnut. Therefre, either happiness r meaning alne fails t accunt fr the human need fr a cmplete life. (传统心理学勾勒出两条实现人生满足感的路径。幸福论路径重视通过家庭、社区或职业奉献获得意义，而享乐论路径则通过令人愉悦的职业、有益的经历或休闲追求来寻求幸福。然而，这两条路径都存在pitfalls。过度强调幸福往往会滋生焦虑，因为研究证实，持久的满足感源于人际关系，而非成就。同样，执着于伟大的事业可能会导致倦怠。因此，仅有幸福或意义都无法满足人类对完整人生的需求。)”可知，传统心理学概述了实现人生满足感的两条途径，但这两条途径都存在缺点，故pitfalls意思是“隐患，弊端，缺点，陷阱”，与Csts“代价，损失”意思相近。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the sn in the stry, Oishi cncludes that fulfillment lies nt in chsing between happiness, meaning, r richness but cmbining them tgether. (就像故事中的儿子一样，大石认为，满足感不在于在幸福、意义或丰富之间做出选择，而在于将它们结合起来。)”可推知，生活满足感由多种因素塑造。故选D。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“In his bk Life in Three Dimensins, ShigehirOishi argues that significant life fulfillment requires embracing curisity-driven explratin and transfrmative experiences alngside happiness and meaning. (在他的《生活的三个维度》一书中，大石茂弘认为，要实现人生的重大满足，就需要在追求幸福和意义的同时，拥抱好奇心驱动的探索和变革性的体验。)”以及最后一段中“Ultimately, the richest existence isn’t abut perfectin in any single dimensin but the harmnius interplay f all three. (最终，最丰富的存在并不是在任何一个维度上的完美，而是所有三个维度的和谐相互作用。)”可知，文章主要讨论了实现人生满足感的三个维度，可推知，这本书应该放在“个人成长与人生哲学”的书架上。故选B。
8.（2025山西省高三下学期5月押题）In an era when the average persn checks their smartphne nearly 144 times a day, devting neself t a lengthy nvel r cmplex piece f literature has becme a rarity. The digital revlutin, while bringing easy access t infrmatin, has degraded ur capacity fr deep reading.
Deep reading is mre than just prcessing wrds n a page; it’s an experience that invlves critical thinking, empathy (共情) , and knwledge explratin. This frm f reading allws individuals t engage with cmplex ideas and cnnect emtinally with texts. Histrically, deep reading has been instrumental in educatin and persnal develpment, cultivating a persn capable f critical thught and innvatin.
In a digital age, the way we cnsume infrmatin has dramatically changed. Fr instance, scial media platfrms are designed t catch ur attentin thrugh endless brwsing and bite-sized cntent. This design can weaken ur patience fr lnger, mre demanding texts. A study frm Micrsft Crp. suggested that the human attentin span has decreased frm 12 secnds in 2000 t abut 8 secnds tday, highlighting hw digital media affects ur ability t cncentrate.
In the digital landscape, attentin has becme what cmpanies cmpete fr, ften emplying strategies that disturb ur attentin spans. Ntices, advertisements, and big data-based cntent make it difficult fr readers t find the uninterrupted time necessary fr deep reading.
Our brains are remarkably adaptable, and the way we prcess infrmatin can change with ur habits. Neurscientists have fund that regular Internet use can rewire neural pathways, favring quick decisin-making and surface prcessing ver deep thinking. Nichlas Carr argues that the Internet encurages rapid, distracted sampling f small bits f infrmatin frm many surces—a mde f thinking that is cntrary t deep reading.
The decline in deep reading desn’t just affect individual cgnitin (认知) ; it has brader scietal cnsequences. In educatin, students accustmed t surface-level reading may struggle with texts that require analysis and critical thinking. This trend can lead t a wrkfrce less prepared fr jbs that demand deep understanding and prblem-slving skills.
Given the challenges, hw can we preserve and prmte deep reading in the digital age?
1．Why is deep reading imprtant?
A．It prmtes the use f scial media.B．It bsts readers` innvative ability.
C．It allws fr faster decisin-making.D．It enables quick scanning f infrmatin.
2．Hw d the Internet and digital media affect deep reading?
A．They imprve reading efficiency.
B．They increase access t diverse resurces.
C．They cntributes t divided attentin habits.
D．They prvide new ideas fr better understanding.
3．What message des the authr mainly cnvey in para 5?
A．The human brain has a strng adaptability.
B．The internet has a psitive impact n ur brains.
C．The way we prcess infrmatin changes with ur habits.
D．The internet disfavrs deep reading despite its advantages.
4．What is expected t be talked abut next?
A．Strategies t prmte deep reading.B．The future applicatin f digital media.
C．The benefits f digital reading materials.D．Histrical examples f deep reading practices.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。数字时代人们深度阅读能力下降，深度阅读对培养批判性思维和创新力重要，需应对数字媒体带来的挑战。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Histrically, deep reading has been instrumental in educatin and persnal develpment, cultivating a persn capable f critical thught and innvatin.(从历史上看，深度阅读在教育和个人发展中至关重要，它培养一个人具备批判性思维和创新能力。)”可知，深度阅读能提升读者的创新能力。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“A study frm Micrsft Crp. suggested that the human attentin span has decreased frm 12 secnds in 2000 t abut 8 secnds tday, highlighting hw digital media affects ur ability t cncentrate.(微软公司的一项研究表明，人类的注意力持续时间从2000年的12秒下降到如今的约8秒，突显了数字媒体对我们集中注意力能力的影响。)”可知，数字媒体导致人们注意力分散，形成分心的习惯。故选C项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Our brains are remarkably adaptable, and the way we prcess infrmatin can change with ur habits. Neurscientists have fund that regular Internet use can rewire neural pathways, favring quick decisin-making and surface prcessing ver deep thinking. Nichlas Carr argues that the Internet encurages rapid, distracted sampling f small bits f infrmatin frm many surces—a mde f thinking that is cntrary t deep reading.(我们的大脑具有极强的适应性，我们处理信息的方式会随着我们的习惯而改变。神经科学家发现，经常使用互联网可以重新连接神经通路，有利于快速决策和表面处理，而不是深度思考。Nichlas Carr认为，互联网鼓励从许多来源快速、分散注意力地提取少量信息，这是一种与深度阅读相反的思维方式。)”可知，作者强调互联网虽有适应性优势，但本质上不利于深度阅读。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the challenges, hw can we preserve and prmte deep reading in the digital age?(鉴于这些挑战，我们如何在数字时代保留和促进深度阅读？)”可知，作者在提出问题后，下文逻辑应为探讨解决策略。故选A项。
9.（2025届黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校高三下学期第四次模拟）Last semester, I was extremely excited abut a big science prject in my schl. I had spent weeks researching, planning, and cnducting experiments, believing that my hard wrk wuld surely lead t a great result. Hwever, when the results were annunced, I was devastated. My prject didn’t even make it t the shrtlist.
At first, I was filled with self-dubt and disappintment. I questined all my effrts and wndered if it was all in vain. But as I tk sme time t reflect, I began t see the failure in a different light.
Failure, I realized, is nt the end but a valuable teacher. It frced me t analyze my prject thrughly. I fund that there were flaws in my experimental design and sme key aspects that I had verlked. This self-awareness was crucial. It taught me t be mre careful and thrugh in my future endeavrs.
Histry is filled with examples f great peple wh failed befre achieving success. Thmas Edisn failed thusands f times befre inventing the light bulb. Each failure was a step frward fr him, helping him t get rid f what didn’t wrk and fcus n what did. His stry shws that failure is a stepping-stne t success.
Failure als builds resilience. When we face failure and vercme the initial shck and disappintment, we becme strnger mentally. We learn t bunce back frm setbacks, which is an essential skill in life
In the end, that failed science prject was nt a disaster but a blessing in disguise. It taught me mre than I culd have learned frm a successful utcme. It made me a better learner and a mre determined persn.
1．Hw did the authr feel when his science prject failed?
A．Prud.B．Angry.C．Disappinted.D．Indifferent.
2．What did the authr find after reflecting n the failure?
A．His hard wrk was ttally wasted.B．He had made sme mistakes in his prject.
C．The judges were unfair t him.D．His prject was actually very gd.
3．What can we infer frm Thmas Edisn’s stry?
A．Success cmes easily withut failure.B．Failure is always a negative thing.
C．We shuld be afraid f failure.D．Failure can lead t success.
4．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．The prcess f a science prject.B．The imprtance f success in life.
C．The value and lessns we can learn frm failure.D．Hw t avid failure in prjects.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕作者在学校的一个大型科学项目失败的经历展开，描述了失败后的自我怀疑和失望情绪，阐述了失败的价值和意义。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Hwever, when the results were annunced, I was devastated. My prject didn’t even make it t the shrtlist.(然而，当结果公布时，我感到万分沮丧。我的项目甚至都没能进入入围名单。)”以及第二段中“At first, I was filled with self-dubt and disappintment.(起初，起初，我充满了自我怀疑和失望。)”可知，作者在科学项目失败后感到非常失望。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Failure, I realized, is nt the end but a valuable teacher. It frced me t analyze my prject thrughly. I fund that there were flaws in my experimental design and sme key aspects that I had verlked.(我意识到，失败并非终点，而是一位宝贵的老师。它促使我对自己的项目进行了全面分析。我发现自己的实验设计存在缺陷，还有一些关键方面被我忽略了。)”可知，作者反思后发现自己的项目存在问题，在实验设计上有缺陷，还忽略了一些关键方面，也就是在项目中犯了一些错误。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Histry is filled with examples f great peple wh failed befre achieving success. Thmas Edisn failed thusands f times befre inventing the light bulb. Each failure was a step frward fr him, helping him t get rid f what didn’t wrk and fcus n what did. His stry shws that failure is a stepping-stne t success.(历史上有许多伟大人物在取得成功之前都经历过失败。托马斯・爱迪生在发明电灯泡之前失败了数千次。对他来说，每一次失败都是向前迈进的一步，帮助他摒弃行不通的方法，专注于可行的方案。他的故事表明，失败是通向成功的垫脚石。)”可知，爱迪生失败了数千次才发明了电灯泡，每一次失败都是他前进的一步，说明失败可以引领我们走向成功。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章讲述了作者在科学项目失败后，对失败的反思，认识到失败是一位宝贵的老师，从爱迪生的例子也说明了失败是成功的垫脚石，还提到失败能培养韧性，即文章主要阐述了我们能从失败中获得的价值和教训。故选C。
10.（2025届重庆市高三下学期第三次联合诊断检测）In 1933, philspher Bertrand Russell bserved that “the fundamental cause f the truble is that in the mdern wrld the stupid are cnfident while the intelligent are full f dubt.” This insight remains relevant tday, but the issue runs deeper: while mst peple recgnize vercnfidence in thers, they rarely see it in themselves. This phenmenn, knwn as the Dunning-Kruger Effect, reveals that thse with the least knwledge ften verestimate their abilities, while the truly knwledgeable remain humble and pen-minded.
The internet exacerbates this prblem. With endless access t infrmatin, peple ften mistake superficial understanding fr prfessinal knwledge, leading t vercnfidence. Organizatinal psychlgist Adam Grant addresses this in his bk Think Again, urging readers t challenge and update their beliefs. Grant argues that we ften adpt the mindsets f churchmen, lawyers, r pliticians — defending ur beliefs, attacking thers’, r seeking apprval — rather than seeking truth.
T vercme this, Grant suggests separating ur sense f self frm fixed beliefs. Instead f sticking t beliefs, we shuld be pen t revisin. This scientific mindset encurages us t test ideas and update ur understanding. Grant cites a study where entrepreneurs (企业家) trained in scientific thinking did better than their peers and achieved greater success, which highlights the value f pen-mindedness and adaptability.
In the final part f the bk, Grant shws us hw rethinking skills enhance plitical debates, teaching, and wrkplace innvatin. Grant prvides a hst f illustrative examples, but my favrite is the example f a histry teacher wh gets her students t think like scientists by rewriting textbk chapters that failed t cver imprtant histrical events in sufficient depth. This is a far better apprach than simply delivering a lecture and frcing students t review the infrmatin n a test.
But f curse, this bk is nt the final wrd n the tpic, and Grant wuldn’t want it t be. As we gain better evidence and mre experience, it’s ur respnsibility t cntinually renew ur beliefs. As Russell said, “If yu’re certain f anything, yu’re certainly wrng, because nthing deserves abslute certainty.”
1．What prblem d mst peple have?
A．Decline in self-cnfidence.B．Cncern abut thers’ dubts.
C．Indifference t scial prblems.D．Unawareness f persnal limitatins.
2．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbates” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Creates.B．Fixes.C．Wrsens.D．Prevents.
3．Which persn culd be an example in the final part f the bk?
A．A chef pen t feedback.B．A scientist resistant t dubts.
C．A dctr reliant n experience.D．A cnsumer blinded by brands.
4．Which f the fllwing can be used t describe the bk?
A．Practical and cnclusive.B．Insightful but nt definitive.
C．Infrmative and theretical.D．Authritative but nt engaging.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过哲学家罗素的观点引出达克效应(Dunning-Kruger Effect)，探讨了人们普遍存在的认知偏差问题，并结合亚当·格兰特《重新思考》一书中的理论，提出培养科学思维和开放心态的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This insight remains relevant tday, but the issue runs deeper: while mst peple recgnize vercnfidence in thers, they rarely see it in themselves. This phenmenn, knwn as the Dunning-Kruger Effect, reveals that thse with the least knwledge ften verestimate their abilities, while the truly knwledgeable remain humble and pen-minded.(这一观点在今天仍然适用，但问题更为深刻：虽然大多数人都能看到别人的过度自信，但他们很少看到自己的过度自信。这种现象被称为达克效应，它揭示了那些知识最少的人往往高估了自己的能力，而真正知识渊博的人则保持谦虚和开放)”可知，多数人问题在于无法意识到自身认知的局限性。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在部分“The internet exacerbates this prblem. With endless access t infrmatin, peple ften mistake superficial understanding fr prfessinal knwledge, leading t vercnfidence.(互联网……这个问题。在无限获取信息的条件下，人们常将浅薄的理解误认为专业知识，导致过度自信)”可知，互联网让人们可以无限获取信息，但人们常将从互联网获得的浅薄理解误认为是专业知识，导致过度自信，所以互联网让问题变得更严重，加剧了人们的认知偏差问题。所以“exacerbates”的意思是“加剧”，与“wrsens”同义。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In the final part f the bk, Grant shws us hw rethinking skills enhance plitical debates, teaching, and wrkplace innvatin. Grant prvides a hst f illustrative examples, but my favrite is the example f a histry teacher wh gets her students t think like scientists by rewriting textbk chapters that failed t cver imprtant histrical events in sufficient depth. This is a far better apprach than simply delivering a lecture and frcing students t review the infrmatin n a test.(在书的最后一部分，格兰特向我们展示了反思技能是如何增强政治辩论、教学和工作场所创新的。格兰特提供了许多说明性的例子，但我最喜欢的是一位历史老师的例子，她通过重写教科书中没有充分深入介绍重要历史事件的章节，让她的学生像科学家一样思考。这比简单的讲课和强迫学生复习考试内容要好得多)”可知，书中推崇的案例需体现开放思维与反思能力，只有A项“接受反馈的厨师”能以开放的心态对待顾客的反馈，并根据反馈来反思，符合这一特质。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据末段中“But f curse, this bk is nt the final wrd n the tpic, and Grant wuldn’t want it t be.(当然，这本书并非该话题的终极结论，格兰特也不希望如此)”可知，该书具有启发性但非定论，与B项“Insightful but nt definitive(富有洞见但非绝对)”相符。故选B项。
11.（2025届江西省南昌市高三下学期二模）What if everything happens fr a reasn? It’s a thery that we’ve all heard mre than nce. And in many ways, burnt tast thery can be seen as a mdern take n this classic idea, implying that every little incnvenience we experience in ur day-t-day lives happens fr a bigger reasn.
We’ve all been there. Say yu accidentally burn yur tast befre leaving fr wrk. Accrding t burnt tast thery, this single, tiny incnvenience is enugh t have a dmin effect (多米诺效应). Yur mrning is then pushed back by what, maybe three t five minutes? Perhaps that is enugh time t leave the huse a little bit later than usual, and t avid getting in a car accident. Or it might mean yu end up getting a later train, and avid bumping int smene wh yu’d really rather avid.
In ther wrds, the burnt tast thery is a reminder t shift yur thinking pattern. When we chse t view the wrld in a mre psitive light, we can help t reduce feelings f anxiety, and release ur fear f being ut f cntrl f the wrld arund us. It prevents us frm thinking ver smething that isn’t really all that bad in the grand perspective f things and encurages us t make meaning f challenges we may experience, thus making us mre adaptive t the future setbacks. The next time yu feel yurself becming annyed r frustrated by an incnvenience in yur life, try reshaping yur thughts by telling yurself why yu’re grateful fr the incnvenience.
While maintaining a psitive mindset can g a lng way, burnt tast thery is nt withut its drawbacks. Be mindful that nly allwing yurself t fcus n psitive thughts can mean that yu are denying yurself the chance t prperly engage with challenging r difficult emtins, instead fcusing n creating a false psitive prfile.
1．What may be a case f the burnt tast thery?
A．Gaining rewards after paying effrts.
B．Lsing a jb after frgetting t set an alarm.
C．Meeting a future emplyer after missing a flight.
D．Mending friendship after clearing misunderstandings.
2．What is the result f applying the burnt tast thery accrding t paragraph 3?
A．Better judgement n fears.B．Richer experience frm failures.
C．The remval f daily incnveniences.D．The harvest f a psitive mindset.
3．Which aspect f the thery des the last paragraph fcus n?
A．Wuld-be prjects.B．Real-wrld applicatins.
C．Ptential weaknesses.D．Practical advantages.
4．What is prbably the best title f the text?
A．Less Is MreB．Make a Lemn Lemnade
C．Once Bitten, Twice ShyD．Better Late Than Never
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是“烧焦的面包理论”，即通过积极视角看待生活中的不便，将其视为有意义的转折点，同时也探讨了该理论的潜在局限性。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And in many ways, burnt tast thery can be seen as a mdern take n this classic idea, implying that every little incnvenience we experience in ur day-t-day lives happens fr a bigger reasn.(而且在许多方面，烧焦面包理论可以被视为这一经典思想的现代诠释，暗示着我们在日常生活中经历的每一个小不便都出于更大的原因)”可知，烧焦面包理论暗示着我们在日常生活中经历的每一个小不便都出于更大的原因，结合第二段中的“Perhaps that is enugh time t leave the huse a little bit later than usual, and t avid getting in a car accident. Or it might mean yu end up getting a later train, and avid bumping int smene wh yu’d really rather avid.(也许这足够让你比平时晚一点出门，从而避免了一场车祸。或者这意味着你赶上了稍晚的火车，避开了一个你宁愿避开的人)”可知，错过航班后遇到未来雇主是符合该理论的案例。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In ther wrds, the burnt tast thery is a reminder t shift yur thinking pattern. When we chse t view the wrld in a mre psitive light, we can help t reduce feelings f anxiety, and release ur fear f being ut f cntrl f the wrld arund us. (换句话说，烧焦面包理论提醒我们要转变思维方式。当我们选择以更积极的态度看待世界时，我们可以帮助减轻焦虑感，并释放对周围世界失控的恐惧)”可知，烧焦面包理论提醒我们要转变思维方式，用更积极的态度看世界。由此可知，应用该理论的结果是收获积极心态。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While maintaining a psitive mindset can g a lng way, burnt tast thery is nt withut its drawbacks. Be mindful that nly allwing yurself t fcus n psitive thughts can mean that yu are denying yurself the chance t prperly engage with challenging r difficult emtins, instead fcusing n creating a false psitive prfile.(虽然保持积极的心态可以走得很远，但烧焦面包理论并非没有缺点。要注意，只允许自己专注于积极的想法可能意味着你正在剥夺自己正确面对挑战或困难情绪的机会，而是专注于创造一个虚假的积极形象)”可知，烧焦面包理论并非没有缺点，进而分析了其危害，由此可知，最后一段聚焦于该理论的潜在弱点。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是首段“What if everything happens fr a reasn? It’s a thery that we’ve all heard mre than nce. And in many ways, burnt tast thery can be seen as a mdern take n this classic idea, implying that every little incnvenience we experience in ur day-t-day lives happens fr a bigger reasn.(如果每件事的发生都有其原因呢？这是一个我们都不止一次听过的理论。在许多方面，“烧焦面包理论”可以被视为这一经典思想的现代诠释，暗示我们在日常生活中遇到的每一个小麻烦都可能是出于某种更大的原因)”可知，全文围绕“烧焦的面包理论”展开，强调通过积极视角看待生活中的不便，将挑战转化为机遇，同时指出其潜在的局限性。选项B“化挫折为机遇”与这一主题意义相符，最适合作为标题。故选B项。
12.（2025届河北省部分校高三下学期3月模拟预测）Cnsider the hierarchy (层次) f needs prpsed in 1943 by the psychlgist Abraham Maslw. Maslw believed that peple tend t fcus n meeting their needs in a particular rder f urgency. We start with survival needs such as fd, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn ur attentin t scial and emtinal needs, such as lve and belnging. Finally, we fcus n higher-rder needs such as self-actualizatin — in ther wrds, lking fr life’s meaning.
Of these three levels, mney is nly truly helpful fr the first. This is why ecnmists ften find that well-being desn’t imprve much nce a persn reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet thse needs. The “middle needs” f lve and belnging — family, friends, rmance — can’t be met with mney, and pursuing mney with t much gust can even result in unexpected cnsequences.
Fcusing t much n mney is actively ppsed t Maslw’s highest-level needs, because ding s can lead peple int a trap that researchers call “financial cntingency f self-wrth,” which happens when a persn’s self-esteem is cnditinal n his r her financial success.
This might explain why stress levels are high bth when mney is tight and when peple reach higher incme levels. A 2018 survey cnducted by LinkedIn fund that stress at wrk falls when peple earn mre than $50,000, but then starts t rise significantly when peple earn abve $200,000. One reasn fr the stress amng high earners is their neglect (忽略) f relatinships, accrding t sme researchers.
Perhaps yur parents always put a lt f pressure n yu t succeed financially, r yu tend t be insecure abut yur self-wrth and rely a lt n scial cmparisn. One way r anther, yu might be measuring yurself in mney, and withut realizing it, hping that at sme pint yu will be “expensive” enugh t earn thers’ lve and respect. Yur instincts (直觉) might be telling yu t earn mre, mre, mre in rder t find peace and satisfactin. Yur instincts are lying, and yu culd get much happier by reassessing yur pririties.
1．What is the primary rle f mney accrding t Maslw’s hierarchy f needs?
A．It ensures a sense f safety.B．It satisfies all levels f needs.
C．It is crucial fr self-actualizatin.D．It is mst effective fr basic survival needs.
2．What des “gust” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Resistance.B．Enthusiasm.C．Indifference.D．Hesitatin.
3．Why might pursuing mney excessively lead t stress even at higher incme levels?
A．It leads t a cnstant need fr financial grwth.
B．It cmplicates financial chices fr the wealthy.
C．It may vershadw scial and emtinal bnds.
D．It increases the pressure t maintain high incme.
4．What is the authr’s view n using mney as a measure f self-wrth?
A．It’s a natural respnse.B．It’s a reasnable pursuit.
C．It’s a ntable miscnceptin.D．It’s a temprary phase in persnal grwth.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了心理学家马斯洛的需求层次理论，以及金钱在满足人类需求中的作用。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We start with survival needs such as fd, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn ur attentin t scial and emtinal needs, such as lve and belnging. Finally, we fcus n higher-rder needs such as self-actualizatin — in ther wrds, lking fr life’s meaning.(我们从生存需求开始，比如食物、住所和安全。一旦满足了这些需求，我们就会把注意力转向社会和情感需求，比如爱和归属感。最后，我们关注更高层次的需求，比如自我实现——换句话说，寻找生活的意义。)”以及第二段“Of these three levels, mney is nly truly helpful fr the first. This is why ecnmists ften find that well-being desn’t imprve much nce a persn reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet thse needs.(在这三个层面中，金钱只对第一个层面有真正的帮助。这就是为什么经济学家经常发现，一旦一个人达到了满足这些需求的相对微薄的经济手段，他的幸福感就不会有太大改善)”可知，这表明金钱对基本需求的满足最为有效，而对其他层次的需求帮助有限。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下段“Fcusing t much n mney is actively ppsed t Maslw’s highest-level needs, because ding s can lead peple int a trap that researchers call “financial cntingency f self-wrth,” which happens when a persn’s self-esteem is cnditinal n his r her financial success.(过于关注金钱与马斯洛的最高层次需求是背道而驰的，因为这样做会让人们陷入一个陷阱，研究人员称之为‘自我价值的经济偶然性’，当一个人的自尊取决于他或她的经济成功时，就会发生这种情况)”可知，上文应是提到过于关注金钱，从而引出本段内容，推知gust是“热情”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This might explain why stress levels are high bth when mney is tight and when peple reach higher incme levels. A 2018 survey cnducted by LinkedIn fund that stress at wrk falls when peple earn mre than $50,000,but then starts t rise significantly when peple earn abve $200,000. One reasn fr the stress amng high earners is their neglect (忽略) f relatinships, accrding t sme researchers.(这也许可以解释为什么当钱紧张时和人们达到较高收入水平时，压力水平都很高。领英在2018年进行的一项调查发现，当人们的收入超过5万美元时，工作压力会下降，但当人们的收入超过20万美元时，工作压力就会开始显著上升。一些研究人员称，高收入者压力大的一个原因是他们忽视了人际关系)”可知，过度追求金钱可能会导致人们忽视人际关系，从而影响他们的社会和情感需求。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One way r anther, yu might be measuring yurself in mney, and withut realizing it, hping that at sme pint yu will be “expensive” enugh t earn thers’ lve and respect. Yur instincts (直觉) might be telling yu t earn mre, mre, mre in rder t find peace and satisfactin. Yur instincts are lying, and yu culd get much happier by reassessing yur pririties.(不管怎样，你可能会用金钱来衡量自己，而没有意识到这一点，希望在某个时候你会‘昂贵’到足以赢得别人的爱和尊重。你的本能可能会告诉你，为了找到平静和满足，你应该赚得更多、更多、更多。你的直觉在说谎，你可以通过重新评估你的优先级而变得更快乐)”可知，将金钱作为衡量自我价值的标准是一种错误观念。作者认为这种观念是一种错误认识。故选C项。
13.（2025届湖北省名校（圆创）高三下学期三月联合测评）Since the dawn f human histry, innvatin has been a balancing act f wnder and fear. Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes, each technlgical breakthrugh has prmised t enhance human abilities while simultaneusly (同时) causing risks. Fire culd warm us r destry us; airplanes culd cnnect us r be turned int tls f war. Yet thrugh all these advancements, ne cnstant has remained: human cgnitin (认知) , the unique spark f thught and creativity that has shaped ur prgress.
But tday, smething is different. Fr the first time in histry, human cgnitin itself is at risk f being ut-f-date. With the rise f artificial intelligence (AI), we are n lnger just building tls t enhance ur abilities; we are building systems that may be superir t ur very capacity t think, create, and innvate. This shift desn’t just cmpletely change industries, but it als challenges the cre f what makes us human.
In past innvatins, technlgies functined as extensins f human abilities. The airplanes enlarged ur physical reach, the Internet expanded ur access t infrmatin, and cmputers increased ur ability t cmpute. These tls were clearly under human cntrl, perating within the bundaries we set.
Hwever, AI is fundamentally different. It perates in the range f cgnitin, nt merely cnducting tasks, but als learning, reasning, and even generating creative cntent. Frm writing news articles t diagnsing diseases, AI systems are perfrming tasks nce thught t require uniquely human judgment. What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, mre imprtantly, what des it mean t be human in an age when ur intellectual strength is n lnger guaranteed?
Histrically, we’ve accepted bslescence (过时) as part f the cycle f innvatin and, in mst situatins, embraced it. Outdated tls shuld be abandned, and new nes take their place. But when the “tl” at risk f bslescence is human cgnitin itself, we enter unknwn area. AI’s capacity t ptentially utd ur intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak psitin, ne where we must cnfrnt ur wn limitatins.
1．What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
A．One gd turn deserves anther.B．Take things as they cme.
C．Dn’t put the cart befre the hrse.D．Every cin has tw sides.
2．What des the authr mean by saying “But tday, smething is different” in paragraph 2?
A．Human cgnitin starts t be utdated.B．Wnder and fear have lst balance.
C．Human cgnitin has reached a ceiling.D．Creativity has shaped ur prgress.
3．Hw is the main idea presented in the text?
A．By telling stries.B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples.D．By applying inferences.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards the rise f artificial intelligence?
A．Cncerned.B．Skeptical.C．Psitive.D．Unclear.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出历史上技术突破利弊共存，如今 AI 使人类认知面临过时风险，引发对人类地位和未来的担忧。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes, each technlgical breakthrugh has prmised t enhance human abilities while simultaneusly causing risks. Fire culd warm us r destry us; airplanes culd cnnect us r be turned int tls f war. (从火的发现到飞机的首次飞行，每一项技术突破都在承诺提升人类能力的同时带来了风险。火可以温暖我们，也可以毁灭我们；飞机可以让我们彼此相连，也可以变成战争工具。)”可知，技术突破既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面，这体现了事物都有两面性。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Fr the first time in histry, human cgnitin itself is at risk f being ut-f-date. (历史上第一次，人类认知本身面临过时的风险。)” 可知，作者说“But tday, smething is different”指的是人类认知开始面临过时的情况。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章中通过列举“Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes (从火的发现到飞机的首次飞行)”“The airplanes enlarged ur physical reach, the Internet expanded ur access t infrmatin, and cmputers increased ur ability t cmpute. (飞机扩大了我们的活动范围，互联网增加了我们获取信息的途径，计算机提高了我们的计算能力。)”等例子，来阐述不同技术的特点以及人工智能与以往技术的不同，从而呈现文章的主旨。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, mre imprtantly, what des it mean t be human in an age when ur intellectual strength is n lnger guaranteed? (当机器比我们更会思考时会发生什么？更重要的是，在一个我们的智力优势不再有保障的时代，作为人类意味着什么？)”以及最后一段“AI’s capacity t ptentially utd ur intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak psitin, ne where we must cnfrnt ur wn limitatins. (人工智能有可能超越我们的智力才能，这使人类处于劣势，在这种情况下我们必须正视自己的局限性。)”可知，作者对人工智能的崛起表示担忧。故选A项。
议论文创新练
1.（2025届湖北省荆州市沙市区湖北省沙市中学高三下学期六月适应性检测）Fr centuries, what makes human creativity s precius is nt nly the final prducts it yields, but als the effrt behind their creatin. But in a wrld where AI can generate anything with the click f a buttn, hw d we distinguish what truly matters? Hw des human-made art survive?
Thrughut histry, the mst famus wrks f art, literature, and music have carried a sense f labr, dedicatin, and mastery. We dn’t just admire the end prduct; we admire hw it came t be. Masterpieces like Van Ggh’s “Starry Night” sustain nt simply fr their artistic beauty, but fr the human stries they carry. They remind us that art is nt just abut beauty r skill — it is abut intentin, persistence, and what makes us human.
As AI flds the wrld with instant beauty, we’re entering an era f “aesthetic inflatin”, where perfectly cmpsed images, petic style, and mvie-like strytelling are available t anyne, instantly and at n cst. This makes us think abut when beauty is effrtless and endless, des human creatins still have value?
But human imperfectin isn’t a weakness — it’s part f wh we are, shaping ur understanding f humanity. Our struggles, mistakes, and limitatins aren’t just difficulties t vercme — they’re part f what gives life meaning. In this light, AI’s ability t create perfect art feels almst unnatural—a rejectin f the struggle that gives creativity its weight. It may achieve technical perfectin — but at the cst f the riginal energy that makes art stir feelings within peple. Even at its mst impressive, AI-generated art ften feels empty. It has n real emtins r experiences, and n clear creatr, failing t create unexpected surprises and aruse shared emtin with audience.
Therefre, t preserve meaning, selectin and cntext becme mre crucial. As AI can prduce endless cntent, the human elements like cntext, narrative and the reasning behind art becme the true value surce. Als, AI can be a creative cllabratr rather than a replacement, refining ideas while keeping human imperfectin and feeling, and acting as an amplifier (放大镜) f human visin.
1．Why d masterpieces like “Starry Night” remain valuable in the AI era?
A．They represent unique human characteristics.
B．They shwcase brilliant artistic creatin skill.
C．They are created thrugh lng prductin prcesses.
D．They cntain human emtinal depth and creative effrt.
2．Why des the authr mentin “aesthetic inflatin” in paragraph 3?
A．T demnstrate AI’s efficiency in art creatin.
B．T prve that AI-generated art is mre affrdable.
C．T criticize the veruse f technlgy in art creatin.
D．T stress the devaluatin f beauty due t mass prductin.
3．Hw des the authr develp the argument in the passage?
A．By giving examples.B．By giving definitins.
C．By making cmparisns.D．By making classificatins.
4．The authr wrte this passage t ___________.
A．shw ways t perfect art with AI
B．teach hw t create art in the age f AI
C．argue why human art still matters in the AI age
D．intrduce a new revlutin in art creatin brught by AI
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在人工智能时代，人类艺术为何仍然重要，并探讨了人类艺术与人工智能生成艺术之间的区别和价值。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Masterpieces like Van Ggh’s “Starry Night” sustain nt simply fr their artistic beauty, but fr the human stries they carry. They remind us that art is nt just abut beauty r skill — it is abut intentin, persistence, and what makes us human. (像梵高的《星夜》这样的杰作之所以能流传至今，不仅仅是因为它们的艺术美感，更是因为它们所承载的人类故事。它们提醒我们，艺术不仅仅是关于美或技巧，更是关于意图、坚持以及我们作为人的本质)”可知，像《星夜》这样的杰作在人工智能时代仍然有价值，是因为它们包含了人类的情感深度和创作努力。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“As AI flds the wrld with instant beauty, we’re entering an era f “aesthetic inflatin”, where perfectly cmpsed images, petic style, and mvie-like strytelling are available t anyne, instantly and at n cst. This makes us think abut when beauty is effrtless and endless, des human creatins still have value? (随着人工智能以即时之美充斥世界，我们正进入一个“审美通胀”的时代，在这个时代，任何人都可以立即、免费地获得构图完美、风格诗意、如电影般的故事讲述。这让我们思考，当美丽变得轻而易举且无穷无尽时，人类的创作是否还有价值？)”可知，作者在第三段提到“审美通胀”是为了强调由于大量生产而导致的美的贬值。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Masterpieces like Van Ggh’s “Starry Night” sustain nt simply fr their artistic beauty, but fr the human stries they carry. (像梵高的《星夜》这样的杰作之所以能流传至今，不仅仅是因为它们的艺术美感，更是因为它们所承载的人类故事)”、第四段中“But human imperfectin isn’t a weakness — it’s part f wh we are, shaping ur understanding f humanity. Our struggles, mistakes, and limitatins aren’t just difficulties t vercme — they’re part f what gives life meaning. In this light, AI’s ability t create perfect art feels almst unnatural—a rejectin f the struggle that gives creativity its weight. (但人类的不完美并不是弱点，而是我们的一部分，塑造了我们对人性的理解。我们的挣扎、错误和局限不仅仅是需要克服的困难，它们也是赋予生命意义的一部分。从这个角度来看，人工智能创造完美艺术的能力几乎是不自然的，它否定了赋予创造力重量的挣扎)”以及最后一段“Therefre, t preserve meaning, selectin and cntext becme mre crucial. As AI can prduce endless cntent, the human elements like cntext, narrative and the reasning behind art becme the true value surce. Als, AI can be a creative cllabratr rather than a replacement, refining ideas while keeping human imperfectin and feeling, and acting as an amplifier (放大镜) f human visin. (因此，为了保留意义，选择和背景变得更加重要。由于人工智能可以产生无穷无尽的内容，像背景、叙事和艺术背后的推理等人类元素成为了真正的价值来源。此外，人工智能可以成为创意合作者，而不是替代者，它在保留人类不完美和情感的同时，完善想法，并充当人类愿景的放大器)”可知，作者通过比较人类艺术和人工智能生成的艺术来展开论述。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But in a wrld where AI can generate anything with the click f a buttn, hw d we distinguish what truly matters? Hw des human-made art survive? (但在一个只需点击按钮就能生成任何东西的人工智能世界里，我们如何区分什么才是真正重要的？人类创造的艺术如何生存？)”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章是为了论证在人工智能时代，人类艺术为何仍然重要。故选C。
2.（2025届湖北省武汉市第二中学高三下学期二模）In Malclm Gladwell’s thught — prvking bk Outliers (异类), the Matthew effect (马太效应) suggests that an individual’s success is intricately tied t the timing f their birth date and the subsequent pprtunities that arise. While Gladwell claims that this seemingly randm factr initiates a chain f advantages leading t success, this essay seek t challenge that perceptin. It argues that success is an interplay f multiple factrs, insisting that individual ambitin, inbrn talent, and family influences are equally crucial, if nt mre s, in shaping ne’s path t success.
Gladwell argues that thse wh pssess will receive mre, and thse withut will lse even the little they have. He extends this t success, attributing it t hidden birth dates advantages, but neglects the prfund impact f individual ambitin, innate talent, and family influences n the success.
Cntrary t Gladwell’s perspective, individual ambitin emerges as a pwerful frce in determining success. Ambitin acts as the driving frce behind individuals wh, regardless f their age r birth date, strive fr excellence and surpass the nrm. A cnvincing example is fund in the stry f Stephanie Bradley, a yung girl with a strng desire t becme a dctr. Stephanie’s upbringing in a mdest envirnment with parents f limited educatin did nt prvide her with extrardinary pprtunities. Hwever, her unwavering ambitin stimulated her t vercme bstacles. Her stry vividly illustrates the pwer f ambitin in fstering determinatin, maintaining fcus, and creating pprtunities independent f external advantages.
While Gladwell fcuses mainly n accumulative advantages, he verlks the significant rle f inbrn talent in inspiring individuals t success. Natural abilities, distinct frm skills acquired thrugh training, ften act as a catalyst (催化剂) fr extrardinary achievement. Cnsider the case f Taylr, a high schl freshman n a lcal swim team. Taylr’s stry challenges Gladwell’s thery by illustrating innate talent triumphing ver accumulative advantages. Despite lacking the pprtunities, training scheme, and financial backing f his cmpetitrs, Taylr’s natural talent pwerfully facilitated him t victry. His success demnstrates that innate talent, independent f external advantages, can be a driving frce in the pursuit f excellence.
In cnclusin, while Gladwell’s Matthew effect makes sme sense in certain instances, it versimplifies success. The stries f Stephanie Bradley and Taylr shw hw persnal drive and natural abilities can stimulate individuals t success, challenging the cnclusive view presented by Gladwell. Success is a cmbinatin f multiple factrs, and recgnizing these is crucial fr understanding achievement.
1．Which example des the authr use t demnstrate the pwer f individual ambitin?
A．Malclm Gladwell’s definitin f “utliers”.
B．The achievements f the Medicine Hat hckey team.
C．The stry f Stephanie Bradley wh desires t be a dctr.
D．The experience f Taylr, a high-schl freshman n a swim team.
2．What can we infer frm the passage abut Gladwell’s perspective n success?
A．It has been supprted by schlars in the field.
B．It fully takes int accunt the diverse factrs influencing success.
C．It might verlk the significance f certain internal factrs fr success.
D．It prvides an cmprehensive and accurate thery fr understanding success.
3．What implicatin can we draw frm the example f Taylr?
A．Athletes withut financial supprt can never achieve great success.
B．Innate talents can fuel success even withut external advantages.
C．Accumulative advantages are the decisive factr fr an athlete’s victry.
D．High-schl freshmen are mre likely t shine in sprts cmpetitins.
4．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Success: Is It All abut Birth Dates r Smething Mre?
B．Malclm Gladwell’s Outliers: A Grundbreaking Thery
C．The Matthew Effect: Unveiling the True Secret f Success
D．The Stries f Stephanie Bradley and Taylr: Keys t Success
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了成功因素，反驳了马太效应，强调个人抱负和天赋的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Cntrary t Gladwell’s perspective, individual ambitin emerges as a pwerful frce in determining success. Ambitin acts as the driving frce behind individuals wh, regardless f their age r birth date, strive fr excellence and surpass the nrm. A cnvincing example is fund in the stry f Stephanie Bradley, a yung girl with a strng desire t becme a dctr. (与Gladwell的观点相反，个人抱负在决定成功方面成为一股强大的力量。抱负是驱动个体的动力，无论其年龄或出生日期如何，这些个体都会追求卓越并超越常规。一个令人信服的例子是Stephanie Bradley的故事，她是一个渴望成为医生的小女孩)”可知，作者使用Stephanie Bradley渴望成为医生的故事来展示个人野心的力量。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“He extends this t success, attributing it t hidden birth dates advantages, but neglects the prfund impact f individual ambitin, innate talent, and family influences n the success. (他将这一点延伸到成功上，将其归因于隐藏的出生日期优势，但却忽视了个人抱负、天赋和家庭影响对成功的深远影响)”可知，Gladwell的成功观可能忽视了某些内部因素对成功的重要性。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Taylr’s stry challenges Gladwell’s thery by illustrating innate talent triumphing ver accumulative advantages. Despite lacking the pprtunities, training scheme, and financial backing f his cmpetitrs, Taylr’s natural talent pwerfully facilitated him t victry. (Taylr的故事通过展示天赋战胜累积优势来挑战Gladwell的理论。尽管缺乏竞争对手的机会、训练计划和资金支持，但Taylr的天赋还是让他轻松获得了胜利)”可知，Taylr的例子表明，即使没有外部优势，天赋也能推动成功。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“In cnclusin, while Gladwell’s Matthew effect makes sme sense in certain instances, it versimplifies success. The stries f Stephanie Bradley and Taylr shw hw persnal drive and natural abilities can stimulate individuals t success, challenging the cnclusive view presented by Gladwell. Success is a cmbinatin f multiple factrs, and recgnizing these is crucial fr understanding achievement. (总之，虽然Gladwell的马太效应在某些情况下有一定道理，但它过于简化了成功。Stephanie Bradley和Taylr的故事展示了个人动力和天赋如何激励个人走向成功，挑战了Gladwell提出的决定性观点。成功是多种因素的综合结果，认识到这些对于理解成就至关重要)”可知，文章主要讨论了成功的因素，反驳了Gladwell的马太效应，强调了个人野心和天赋的重要性。因此，最佳标题是“Success: Is It All abut Birth Dates r Smething Mre? (成功：只是与出生日期有关，还是还有其他因素？)”。故选A。
3.（2025届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三下学期一模）Every day, yu likely hear a new piece f advice. One suggestin yu may hear is t “fake it until yu make it”, especially if yu’re starting smething new, like a jb. But is it really gd advice?
Fake it till yu make it is an expressin in which a persn imitates (模仿) the cnfidence r skills they need t succeed in what they are ding in the hpe that they will eventually feel real. Advcates f this idea say yu can fake cnfidence and hpe that, eventually, it will inspire real cnfidence.
The best time t use this strategy may be when yu’re trying t change yur behavir t imprve yurself. If yu aim t bst yur wrk prductivity, yu might draw inspiratin frm yur mre efficient clleagues. This way can help yu learn strategies t enhance yur perfrmance. Similarly, in yur persnal life, striving t be mre friendly and warm can initially feel awkward but will ultimately fster better relatinships with thse arund yu.
Unfrtunately, faking it till yu make it desn’t always bring sunshine, lllipps, and rainbws. It may nt wrk when dealing with hard skills, assisting thers, r faking wh yu are. Fr example, it is incredibly hard t fake technical skills and cmpetence like sftware experience. It’s als hard t assist thers if yu lack understanding f the subject. Mrever, pretending t be smene yu’re nt r making false claims can be expsed.
One study shws that it can snwball int impster syndrme, which can arise when individuals feel their success is undeserved and fear being expsed as a fake. Unfrtunately, faking it till yu make it can exacerbate that syndrme, leading t avidance and negative impacts n prductivity and well-being.
In cnclusin, there is a difference between learning new behavirs and lying abut yur identity r skills. One can build yu int a better wrker r friend, but the latter can get yu int truble. “Fake it till yu make it” can be a useful apprach fr sme, while it can als cntribute t impster syndrme fr thers.
1．Why d sme peple adpt the strategy “fake it till yu make it”?
A．T criticize the behavir f thers.
B．T make thers trust their abilities.
C．T avid taking n new challenges.
D．T gain cnfidence thrugh imitatin.
2．In what type f situatin might “fake it till yu make it” be ineffective?
A．When taking up a new hbby.
B．When trying t stay fcused in class.
C．When teaching thers cmputer skills.
D．When scializing with yur classmates.
3．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbate” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Wrsen.B．Relieve.
C．Prevent.D．Recgnize.
4．What is the authr’s main viewpint n the strategy “fake it till yu make it”?
A．It can be psitive r negative.
B．It is a useful tl in ur daily life.
C．It is mre harmful in the lng run.
D．It’s always gd fr persnal grwth.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨“假装成功直到真的成功”这一策略的有效性、适用场景及潜在问题。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fake it till yu make it is an expressin in which a persn imitates the cnfidence r skills they need t succeed in what they are ding in the hpe that they will eventually feel real. Advcates f this idea say yu can fake cnfidence and hpe that, eventually, it will inspire real cnfidence. (“假装成功直到真的成功”是指一个人模仿成功所需的自信或技能，希望最终能拥有真实的自信。这一理念的拥护者认为，人们可以通过假装自信，最终激发真正的自信)”可知，有些人采用这一策略是为了通过模仿获得自信。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It may nt wrk when dealing with hard skills, assisting thers, r faking wh yu are. Fr example, it is incredibly hard t fake technical skills and cmpetence like sftware experience. It's als hard t assist thers if yu lack understanding f the subject. (在处理硬技能、帮助他人或伪装自我时，这一策略可能行不通。例如，很难伪造软件经验等技术技能和能力。如果你对某一主题缺乏了解，也很难帮助他人)”可知，在教授他人计算机技能，如硬技能时，该策略可能无效。故选C项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“One study shws that it can snwball int impster syndrme, which can arise when individuals feel their success is undeserved and fear being expsed as a fake. Unfrtunately, faking it till yu make it can exacerbate that syndrme, leading t avidance and negative impacts n prductivity and well-being.(一项研究表明，这种情况可能会像滚雪球一样发展成冒名顶替综合征。当人们认为自己的成功名不副实，并害怕被当作冒牌货曝光时，这种综合征就会出现。不幸的是，“假装成功直到真的成功” 的做法可能会exacerbate这种综合征，导致人们产生回避心理，并对生产力和幸福感产生负面影响)”可知，画线词所在句承接前文“引发冒名顶替综合征”，导致人们产生回避心理，并对生产力和幸福感产生负面影响。由此可知，此处进一步说明该策略会“恶化”这一症状，所以，画线单词的意思与“恶化”意义相近。故选A项
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Fake it till yu make it”can be a useful apprach fr sme, while it can als cntribute t impster syndrme fr thers.”(“假装成功直到真的成功”对某些人来说是有用的方法，而对另一些人来说则可能引发冒名顶替综合征)可知，作者认为这一策略既有积极一面，也有消极影响，持客观辩证的态度。故选A项。
4.（2025届湖北省襄阳市第五中学高三下学期适应性考试（四））In the early 1900s, when pursuing ne f his many prjects, the French chemist and inventr Eduard Benedictus invented shatterprf (防碎的) glass by chance, althugh its imprtance wasnˈt recgnized until issues emerged within the car market.
Such mments f serendipity reveal the unpredictable nature f innvatin. Yet, even in cases where chance plays a rle, as in Benedictusˈs stry, the brader questin remains: Are such discveries truly brn f luck, r were they smehw “in the air,” waiting fr the right persn t seize them?
Sme argue all the discveries wuld have been made by ther peple. They believe if the time was ripe, smene wuld have gt there. Independently, Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace(the latter 15 years behind Darwin)arrived at the thery f evlutin by natural selectin, bth cunting n similar data. There existed slight differences in the thery, but the cincidences f thught were astnishing. This phenmenn, which als exists in bilgical evlutin, is called cnvergence (趋同性): tw nn-clsely related species develp similar functinal adaptatins. This is an imprtant clue that can help explain why this pattern als exists in scientific knwledge: Different research teams face similar pressures t find slutins, driving them t pursue similar paths f inquiry.
If we analyze the steps that led t the result, we can see that there were in fact sme accidental elements. Yet is it really pssible that all discveries were “in the air”?
All scientists are learning frm thse giants wh have gne befre them, and there is bjectively a cumulative (积累的) element in science. Nevertheless, at sme pint and in the right circumstances, it was the unknwn scientists, nt the giants, wh managed t see a little farther. The mind f the giant was imprisned by prir knwledge, the framewrk f established habits, and established methds. The new, little-knwn scientist, n the ther hand, will in ne way r anther have been able t break free f the chains f established knwledge. Therefre, it will be pssible fr them t imagine ther wrlds. This suggests that it will be innvatrs, with their prepared minds, wh have a better chance f making accidental discveries, namely that are irregular and unexpected.
1．In paragraph 2 “serendipity” refers t __________.
A．late recgnitin.B．accidental inventin.
C．chemical innvatin.D．emergence f prblems.
2．The example f Darwin and Wallace is given t illustrate __________.
A．independent but similar slutins fund by different peple.
B．limited resurces and technlgical difficulties in science.
C．the imprtant rle f similar data in scientific research.
D．fierce cmpetitin amng scientists f different times.
3．What advantage might less-knwn scientists have ver established researchers?
A．Access t advanced tls.B．Greater funding pprtunities.
C．Strnger peer cperatin.D．Freedm frm rigid mindsets.
4．Which statement best reflects the main idea f the passage?
A．All discveries are sure results f technlgical prgress.
B．Chance alne drives grundbreaking scientific achievements.
C．Traditinal methds prevent innvatin and shuld be abandned.
D．Breakthrughs integrate accidental pprtunities with prepared minds.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍科学发现是偶然机遇与有准备的头脑共同作用的结果。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“In the early 1900s, when pursuing ne f his many prjects, the French chemist and inventr Eduard Benedictus invented shatterprf (防碎的) glass by chance, althugh its imprtance wasn’t recgnized until issues emerged within the car market.(在20世纪初，当这位法国化学家兼发明家埃杜瓦德·贝尼迪库斯在从事众多项目中的一个时，他偶然发明了防碎玻璃，尽管其重要性直到汽车市场出现问题时才得到认可)”以及后文“reveal the unpredictable nature f innvatin(揭示了创新的不可预测性)”可知，第一段提到了偶然发明防碎玻璃的事情，揭示了创新的不可预测性，故划线词意思是“无意中的发明”。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Independently, Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace(the latter 15 years behind Darwin)arrived at the thery f evlutin by natural selectin, bth cunting n similar data. There existed slight differences in the thery, but the cincidences f thught were astnishing.(独立地讲，查尔斯·达尔文和阿尔弗雷德·R·华莱士（后者比达尔文晚了 15 年）都提出了自然选择进化论，他们都依赖于相似的数据。理论之间存在细微的差异，但思想上的巧合令人震惊)”可知，达尔文和华莱士的事例被用来说明不同的人各自找到了独立但相似的解决方案。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The mind f the giant was imprisned by prir knwledge, the framewrk f established habits, and established methds. The new, little-knwn scientist, n the ther hand, will in ne way r anther have been able t break free f the chains f established knwledge.(那些巨匠的思想被先前的知识所束缚，被既定的习惯框架和既定的方法所限制。而那些新出现、鲜为人知的科学家则有可能以某种方式摆脱既定知识的束缚)”可知，那些不太知名的科学家相较于知名研究人员优势在于没有过于僵化的思维模式的束缚。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Such mments f serendipity reveal the unpredictable nature f innvatin. Yet, even in cases where chance plays a rle, as in Benedictus’s stry, the brader questin remains: Are such discveries truly brn f luck, r were they smehw “in the air,” waiting fr the right persn t seize them?(这些偶然出现的时刻揭示了创新的不可预测性。然而，即便在像本尼迪克特斯的故事这样的情况下，偶然起到了一定作用，但更深层次的问题依然存在：这些发现究竟是真的源于运气，还是某种意义上“就在空气中”，等待着合适的人去捕捉它们呢？)”结合文章主要说明了20世纪初法国化学家Benedictus偶然发明防碎玻璃，引出创新中发现是靠运气还是时代使然的问题。有人认为时机成熟自会有发现，如达尔文与华莱士，且新科学家更易突破常规，创新者有准备的头脑更易有意外发现。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是突破点在于将偶然的机会与充分准备的头脑相结合。故选D。
1.【2022年北京卷】Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open.B. Cl.C. Useful.D. Resistant.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31.推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. uncncerned不关心的；C. dubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
32.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
33.词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prne被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prne意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cl. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
34.主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin. This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
2.【2022年天津卷第二次】Ralph Emersn nce said that the purpse f life is nt t be happy, but t be useful, t be lving, t make sme difference in he wrld. While we appreciate such wrds f wisdm, we rarely try t fllw them in ur lives.
Mst peple prefer t live a gd life themselves, ignring their respnsibilities fr the wrld. This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering. A gd life based n cmfrt and luxury may eventually lead t mre pain be-cause we spil ur health and even ur character, principles, ideals, and relatinships.
What then, is the secret f a gd life? A gd life is a prcess, nt a state f being : a directin, nt a destinatin. We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness. Mre imprtantly, we must knw urselves inside ut. Only when we examine urselves deeply can we discver ur abilities and recgnize ur limitatins, and then wrk accrdingly t create a better wrld.
The first requirement fr a gd life is having a lving heart. When we d certain right things merely as a duty, we find ur jb s tiresme that we’ll sn burn ut. Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.
Hwever, lve alne is insufficient t lead a gd life. Lve smetimes blinds us t the reality. Cnsequently, ur gd intentins may nt lead t gd results. T achieve desired utcme, thse wh want t d gd t thers als need t equip themselves with accurate wrld knwledge. False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance. If lve is the engine f a car knwledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks pwer, th car can’t mve; if the driver lses cntrl f the steering, a rad accident prbably ccurs. Only with lve in heart and the right knwledge in mind can we lead a gd life.
With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers. When we see the impact f ur gd wrk n the wrld we give meaning t ur life and earn lasting jy and happiness.
51. What effect des the narrw perceptin f a gd life have n us?
A. Making us simple-mindedB. Making us shrt-signted.
C. Leading us nt a busy rad.D. Keeping us frm cmfrt and luxury.
52. Accrding t the authr, hw can ne gain true happiness?
A. Thrugh maintaining gd health.
B. By ging thrugh pain and suffering.
C. By recgnizing ne’s abilities and limitatins.
D. Thrugh ffering help much needed by thers.
53. Accrding t Paragraph 4, ding certain right things with a lving heart makes ne________.
A. less selfishB. less annying
C. mre mtivatedD. mre respnsible
54. In what case may gd intentins fail t lead t desired results?
A. When we have wrng knwledge f the wrld.
B. When ur lve fr the wrld is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive t dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind t the reality.
55. Accrding t Paragraph 5, life can be made truly gd when ________.
A. inspired by lve and guided by knwledge
B. directed by lve and pushed by knwledge
C. purified by lve and enriched by knwledge
D. prmted by lve and defined by knwledge
【答案】51.B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。
51.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。
52.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。
53.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。
54.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。
55.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。
3.【2021年北京卷】Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
Frget abut time as an abslute．What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy,we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming．We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes．We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics．It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes．Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet．Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies．
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena．In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn．Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse．
31. What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature．
B. Everyne can define time n their wn terms．
C. The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it．
D. Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists．
32. The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
A. present an assumptinB. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experimentD. intrduce an apprach
33. What can we learn frm this passage？
A. Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life．
B. New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems．
C. Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer．
D. Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers’ tempral frame．
34. What can we infer frm this passage？
A. It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time．
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C. We shuld live in harmny with nature．
D. Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality．
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. C
【解析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St．Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。
32.推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”进而提出问题“What if ur definitin f time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”，结合前两个问题“What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy, we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段的“We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．（如果水道继续以目前的速度流动，我们对它进行了编程，匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢，你就会看到相反的效果。）”可知，如果河流运行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间。故选C项。
34.推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”和倒数第二段的“Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness(时间与环境的暂时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样，河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能会鼓励人们提高环境意识)”可推断，从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环境。故选C。
4.【2021年天津卷第一次】There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排 除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （视角）int specific fields f expertise （专长）.The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. "I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit."
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
51．T becme a specialist, ne may have t_____.
A．narrw his range f knwledge
B．avid respnsibilities at wrk
C．knw mre abut the sciety
D．braden his perspective n life
52．The specialists mentined in Paragraph 3 tend t______.
A．treasure their freedm
B．travel arund the wrld
C．spend mst time wrking
D．enjy meeting funny peple
53．Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh_____.
A．is fully aware f his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．shuld lve petry and philsphy
D．brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
54．What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A．Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B．In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C．Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
55．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist r Generalist: Hard t Decide
C．Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D．Ways t Becme a Generalist
【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
51．推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“knw … abut less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
52．细节理解题。第三段中提到“Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. …These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
53．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
54．推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Tni的例子“My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy.（我的编辑Tni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Tni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
55．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。
5.【2019年江苏卷】Wh cares if peple think wrngly that the Internet has had mre imprtant influences than the washing machine? Why des it matter that peple are mre impressed by the mst recent changes?
It wuld nt matter if these misjudgments were just a matter f peple's pinins. Hwever, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use f scarce resurces.
The fascinatin with the ICT(Infrmatin and Cmmunicatin Technlgy) revlutin, represented by the Internet, has made sme rich cuntries wrngly cnclude that making things is s "yesterday" that they shuld try t live n ideas. This belief in "pst-industrial sciety" has led thse cuntries t neglect their manufacturing sectr(制造业) with negative cnsequences fr their ecnmies.
Even mre wrryingly, the fascinatin with the Internet by peple in rich cuntries has mved the internatinal cmmunity t wrry abut the "digital divide" between the rich cuntries and the pr cuntries. This has led cmpanies and individuals t dnate mney t develping cuntries t buy cmputer equipment and Internet facilities. The questin, hwever, is whether this is what the develping cuntries need the mst. Perhaps giving mney fr thse less fashinable things such as digging wells, extending electricity netwrks and making mre affrdable washing machines wuld have imprved peple's lives mre than giving every child a laptp cmputer r setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am nt saying that thse things are necessarily mre imprtant, but many dnatrs have rushed int fancy prgrammes withut carefully assessing the relative lng-term csts and benefits f alternative uses f their mney.
In yet anther example, a fascinatin with the new has led peple t believe that the recent changes in the technlgies f cmmunicatins and transprtatin are s revlutinary that nw we live in a "brderless wrld". As a result, in the last twenty years r s, many peple have cme t believe that whatever change is happening tday is the result f great technlgical prgress, ging against which will be like trying t turn the clck back. Believing in such a wrld, many gvernments have put an end t sme f the very necessary regulatins n crss-brder flws f capital, labur and gds, with pr results.
Understanding technlgical trends is very imprtant fr crrectly designing ecnmic plicies, bth at the natinal and the internatinal levels, and fr making the right career chices at the individual level. Hwever, ur fascinatin with the latest, and ur under valuatin f what has already becme cmmn, can, and has, led us in all srts f wrng directins.
61. Misjudgments n the influences f new technlgy can lead t __________.
A. a lack f cnfidence in technlgy
B. a slw prgress in technlgy
C. a cnflict f public pinins
D. a waste f limited resurces
62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that dnatrs shuld __________.
A. take peple's essential needs int accunt
B. make their prgrammes attractive t peple
C. ensure that each child gets financial supprt
D. prvide mre affrdable internet facilities
63. What has led many gvernments t remve necessary regulatins?
A. Neglecting the impacts f technlgical advances.
B. Believing that the wrld has becme brderless.
C. Ignring the pwer f ecnmic develpment.
D. Over-emphasizing the rle f internatinal cmmunicatin.
64. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Peple shuld be encuraged t make mre dnatins.
B. Traditinal technlgy still has a place nwadays.
C. Making right career chices is crucial t persnal success.
D. Ecnmic plicies shuld fllw technlgical trends.
【答案】61. D 62. A 63. B 64. B
【解析】本文属于议论文，讲述对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。
61.D 细节理解题。根据第二段Hwever, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use f scarce resurces. 可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。
62.A 推理判断题。根据第四段Perhaps giving mney fr thse less fashinable things such as digging wells, extending electricity netwrks and making mre affrdable washing machines wuld have imprved peple's lives mre than giving every child a laptp cmputer r setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am nt saying that thse things are necessarily mre imprtant, but many dnatrs have rushed int fancy prgrammes withut carefully assessing the relative lng-term csts and benefits f alternative uses f their mney.可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。
63.B 推理判断题。根据第五段In yet anther example, a fascinatin with the new has led peple t believe that the recent changes in the technlgies f cmmunicatins and transprtatin are s revlutinary that nw we live in a "brderless wrld". 以及Believing in such a wrld, many gvernments have put an end t sme f the very necessary regulatins n crss-brder flws f capital, labur and gds, with pr results.可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。
64.B 推理判断题。根据第三段The fascinatin with the ICT(Infrmatin and Cmmunicatin Technlgy) revlutin, represented by the Internet, has made sme rich cuntries wrngly cnclude that making things is s "yesterday" that they shuld try t live n ideas. This belief in "pst-industrial sciety" has led thse cuntries t neglect their manufacturing sectr(制造业) with negative cnsequences fr their ecnmies.可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知传统的技术依然传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。