专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（广州中考真题+中考模拟）-备战2025年中考英语语法+题型练习(中考真题+中考模拟)(广州专用)+答案

这是一份专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（广州中考真题+中考模拟）-备战2025年中考英语语法+题型练习(中考真题+中考模拟)(广州专用)+答案，文件包含专题07阅读理解之说明文15篇广州中考真题+中考模拟原卷版docx、专题07阅读理解之说明文15篇广州中考真题+中考模拟解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共45页， 欢迎下载使用。
（2024·广东广州·中考真题）Have yu ever heard f upcycling? It is a way f turning ld r unnecessary things int smething useful and ften beautiful.
Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes ld things, like paper and glass, and breaks them dwn t make a new prduct. When yu upcycle an bject, yu are prbably ding smething different. Yu can simply refashin it. Fr example, yu might make a bag ut f an ld T-shirt. Als, the upcycled bject is usually in the same, r even better cnditin.
Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Sme f the best examples f mdem-day upcycling cme frm the ld times. In thse days, things were repurpsed ver and ver until they were n lnger useful. Upcycling is a way f life. Things shuldn’t be just thrwn away when they can be saved and turned int smething useful.
It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is als cnsidered t be mre envirnmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require yur wn ideas and wrk, but recycling requires energy (能源) r water t break dwn things.
Grace, a yung wman frm the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them int dresses, shes and even hats. Every day she drinks sme tea, then dries ut the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea ut and puts the bags tgether t make an item f clthing. This can take a lng time, but Grace has made lts f artwrks.
In fact, n matter yu create bjects frm ld things r buy ready-made prducts frm upcycled things, bth ways are helpful fr the envirnment and can bring yu smething that’s bth beautiful and useful. Get started tday!
1．What des the underlined wrd “refashin” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Break dwn useless things.B．Cllect used things.
C．Create things ut f ld nes.D．Cme up with gd ideas.
2．Hw is upcycling different frm recycling?
A．It’s a cmpletely new idea.B．It needs mre energy.
C．It requires mre time and wrk.D．It’s a greener way f life.
3．Why des the writer tell the stry f Grace in paragraph 5?
A．T list the steps f ding upcycling.B．T give a gd example f upcycling.
C．T express a different idea f upcycling.D．T prvide basic knwledge f upcycling.
4．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T encurage peple t d upcycling.B．T intrduce the histry f upcycling.
C．T cmpare upcycling with recycling.D．T explain the imprtance f recycling
（2023·广东广州·中考真题）Peple believe that every wrd has its crrect meaning(s). When we are nt sure, we usually check nline, r turn t ur teachers r dictinaries. But d yu knw hw dictinaries were made in the past?
Dictinary writers first read the imprtant bks f the perid r the subject that the dictinary was abut. As they read, they cpied necessary infrmatin n cards: interesting wrds, cmmn wrds—bth in their daily uses and unusual uses, and als the sentences where they were used. That is t say, the wrds, alng with the uses f each wrd, were cllected. Fr a really big dictinary, millins f such cards were cllected. This task culd last fr years. As the cards were cllected, they were put in alphabetical rder (A—Z). When this was dne, there wuld be several hundred cards fr each single wrd.
Then, t define (定义) a wrd, the dictinary writer placed its hundreds f cards befre him. He read the cards clsely, threw away sme, read the rest again, and divided up the cards accrding t what he thught were the cmmn uses f the wrd. Finally, he wrte the definitins, fllwing the hard-and-fast rule: each definitin must cme frm an example n a certain card in frnt f him.
S, the writing f a dictinary was nt a task f inventing meanings f wrds, but a task f recrding their meanings. The writer f a dictinary was a histrian, nt a law maker.
As time develps, the way f prducing dictinaries has greatly changed. Nwadays, we can use nline dictinaries t. When chsing ur wrds in speaking r writing, we can be guided by the dictinary. Hwever, we cannt be cntrlled by it, because new situatins, new experiences, new inventins, and new feelings, are always pushing us t give new uses t ld wrds.
1．Why did dictinary writers read imprtant bks?
A．T knw mre abut the perid.B．T cllect wrds and their uses.
C．T understand different subjects.D．T learn t use interesting wrds.
2．Which shws the crrect steps f hw dictinaries were made in the past?

A．①-③-④-②B．①-②-④-③C．③-④-②-①D．③-①-④-②
3．What can we learn frm the passage abut dictinary writing in the past?
A．It shuld be dne by histrians.B．It was a task f inventing and recrding.
C．It was lng-time hard wrk.D．It had t use the law-making rules.
4．What des the writer advise us t d when we chse wrds in cmmunicatin?
A．Be pen t the new uses f wrds.B．Fllw the dictinary strictly.
C．Use nline dictinaries instead.D．Try t create new wrds.
（2022·广东广州·中考真题）
1．What will players carry in the game?
A．A map, a cmpass and a flag.B．A flag, a cmpass and a card.
C．A cmpass, a map and a card.D．A phne, a cmpass and a map.
2．Which f the fllwing is a rule f the game?
A．Yu dn’t need t mark the cards.
B．Yu can’t miss any f the cntrls t win.
C．Yu have t find cntrls in numbered rder.
D．Yu must be the first t pass the finish line t win.
3．Hw many cntrls has Anna finished in the game?
A．9.B．10.C．11.D．12.
（2022·广东广州·中考真题）When yu and yur friends turn t each ther t talk abut prblems r trubles, yu give each ther advice and help. One imprtant thing f ur grwth is t make decisins t help ur friends and learn t supprt each ther. This requires us t learn what it means t help friends and hw t help them in right ways.
The first step tward helping thers is t identify that they need help. We all knw that difficulties are part f ur daily lives. Hwever, smetimes small things can lead t mre serius prblems that require mre help. It’s imprtant t make sure when t help a friend. Fr example, yu may pick up sme signs that yur friends are nt acting like themselves. These signs shw they may nt be well.
The next step tward helping thers is t listen. Paying attentin t thers while listening is very imprtant thrughut ur life. When we cmmunicate with thers, we need t learn when t speak and when nt t. As listeners, we shuld try t understand what the speakers are feeling r experiencing and try t see things frm their perspectives. Listening and paying attentin t thers when they speak is a sign f respect and a skill that will lead t deeper and better relatinships.
1．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T discuss why peple help each ther.B．T describe the prblems f giving help.
C．T intrduce the advantages f giving help.D．T explain hw we can help thers prperly.
2．What des the underlined wrd “identify” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Require.B．Discver.C．Suggest.D．Remember.
3．What is the main idea f paragraph 3?
A．Act as a gd listener t yur friends.B．Learn hw t give advice t yur friends.
C．Pay attentin t yur friends’ unusual acts.D．Build gd relatinships with yur friends.
4．Accrding t the writer, what shuld yu d if yur friends dn’t fllw yur advice n their serius prblems?
A．Keep their prblems as secrets.B．Let them make their wn decisins.
C．Find ut the causes f their prblems.D．Get help frm their trusted teachers.
（2024·广州·二模）
①“Why dn’t yu ever listen?”
“Yu just dn’t understand me!”
“Yu’re f n help at all!”
②Sund familiar? When yu’re having a difficult cnversatin with yur parents r friends, accusatry wrds like thse can stp a discussin. As sn as ne feels attacked, the defensive (防御的) walls cme up, and real cmmunicatin becmes all but impssible. We fcus n the ther persn’s behavir first, withut spending time thinking abut and telling why we’re feeling hurt. Here lie the differences between “I” and “yu” statements.
③An “I-statement” is a sentence beginning with the wrd “I” that tells anther persn hw yu are feeling in a clear way. Fr example, yu might say, “I feel...” r “I becme nervus ” I-statements are a pwerful tl t help yu express yur feelings t smene else withut blaming (责怪) thers. “Yu-statements,” such as thse listed abve, are statements that begin with the wrd “yu”, pinting ut what ther peple have dne wrng. These statements ften mean that the listener is respnsible fr smething.
④Why are I-statements imprtant? When yu start a cnversatin by talking abut the ther persn’s actins, yu’re sending the message that they’re the prblem. Fr mst peple, this immediately leads t them becming defensive and trying t thrw blame back nt yu. Hwever, starting a sentence with ‘I’ helps us talk abut difficult feelings and hw the prblem is affecting us, and stps ther peple feeling blamed. This can be seen in the case when yu feel left ut. Instead f saying “Yu always leave me ut”, yu can say “I feel hurt when I’m nt invited because it feels like I’m nt welcme”. With this I-statement, yu’re being hnest abut yur feelings, but yu’re nt presenting them as smething the ther persn did t yu. As a result, the listener tends t experience this as mre friendly, pening the pssibility f further cnversatin and hpe fr a slutin.
⑤It’s a simple change, but by being a little mre careful f hw yu express yurself, yu may find peple are mre likely t psitively listen t yu and understand mre abut what yu are trying t say.
1．What des the underlined phrase “accusatry wrds” mean?
A．Wrds that attack thers.B．Wrds t explain reasns.
C．Wrds that sund familiar.D．Wrds t start cnversatins.
2．Which f the fllwing might be an “I-statement”?
A．I knw that everyne in the family is busy.
B．I am anxius when everything is in a mess.
C．I think yu are right by telling me the truth.
D．I feel sad because yu dn’t listen t me carefully.
3．Hw des the writer supprt his idea in Paragraph 4?
A．By using sayings.B．By asking questins.
C．By telling a stry.D．By giving an example.
4．Why des the writer write this passage?
A．T encurage peple t use I-statements.
B．T explain when I-statements shuld be used.
C．T shw the disadvantages f yu-statements.
D．T suggest being careful f thers’ yu-statements.
（2024·广东广州·一模）One ut f every six deaths in 2019 were the result f pllutin, accrding t a recent study published in The Lancet Planetary Health. The analysis, led by a team f scientists, shws that pllutin played a rle in 9 millin deaths glbally in 2019. This influence n health is higher than malaria, tuberculsis, HIV, drugs r alchl.
Thugh imprvements were made in water pllutin in recent years, a rise in air and chemical pllutin means the death rate has been relatively unchanged since 2015.
Air pllutin alne resulted in almst 75% f the reprted deaths. “Air pllutin is similar t smking. It damages the lungs, preventing us frm taking in xygen we need fr life,” said Dr. Martin, ne f the scientists.
Anther cncern is the grwing numbers in chemical and heavy metal pllutin, especially lead pisning. High amunt f lead in the bld can cause prblems with the heart, kidneys and brain. This type f pllutin is a result f batteries and electrnic waste, such as cmputers.
Sme high-incme cuntries have made sme steps t fight against pllutin. Many lw-and middle-incme cuntries are facing the effects, as mst f the deaths reprted happened in these cuntries. But experts say pllutin desn’t knw brders—and pllutin in ne cuntry can lead t health prblems acrss the whle wrld.
The scientists wh led the recent analysis hpe the reprt will encurage actins frm cuntries all ver the wrld. Suggested methds fr change include cntrlling pllutin levels, spending mre mney n research, strengthening pllutin cntrl partnerships and highlighting this prblem in the United Natins. Changing the use f fssil fuels—frm cal, il and gas—t clean, renewable energy surces is als highly suggested. In daily life, researchers call fr peple t cntrl their carbn ftprint, such as cutting meat cnsumptin, aviding waste, r walking r biking as a means f transprt when pssible.
1．What d we knw abut the deaths in 119 frm the study?
A．Water pllutin did nt result in any death.
B．Air pllutin played a main part in the deaths.
C．Peple died mainly frm diseases and alchl.
D．The death rate has been lwer since recent years.
2．What can we d t avid lead pisning?
A．Deal with electrnic waste prperly.
B．Take gd care f the heart and kidneys.
C．Stp smking and d mre exercise.
D．Have a medical examinatin every year.
3．What des the underlined wrd “brders” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．Land types.B．Different languages.
C．Dividing lines.D．Fd differences.
4．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T talk abut the harmful effects f pllutin.
B．T intrduce useful ways t deal with air pllutin.
C．T discuss the relatin between glbal deaths and pllutin.
D．T advise peple t wrk tgether t fight against pllutin.
（2024·广东广州·一模）William Butler Yeats, was an Irish pet and dramatist and ne f the fremst figures f 20th-century literature. He was brn in Dublin n June 13,1865, His childhd lacked the harmny (和睦) that was typical f a happy family. Later, Yeats shcked his family by saying that he remembered “little f childhd but its pain”. In fact, he inherited excellent taste in art frm his family—bth his father and his brther were painters. But he finally settled n literature, particularly drama and petry.
Yeats had strng faith in cming f new artistic mvements. He set himself the fresh task in funding an Irish natinal theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments hwever were nt received favrably at the beginning. He didn’t lse heart, and finally enjyed success in his petical drama.
Cmpared with his dramatic wrks, Yeats’s pems attract much admiring ntice. The subject matter includes lve, nature, histry, time and aging. Thugh Yeats generally relied n very traditinal frms, he brught mdern sensibility t them. As his literary life prgressed, his petry grew finer and richer, which led him t wrldwide recgnitin.
Yeats is cnsidered ne f the few writers whse greatest wrks were cmpleted after being awarded the Nbel Prize, which he wn in 1923. He cntinued writing almst t the end f his life, prducing his greatest wrks between the ages f 50 and 75. Had Yeats stpped writing at age 40, he wuld prbably nw be valued as a minr pet, as there is n ther example in literary histry f a pet wh prduces his greatest wrks between these ages. Such wrks include The Twer (1928) and The Winding Stair and Other Pems (1929).
After suffering frm a variety f illnesses fr several years, Yeats died in Mentn, 1939. The last pem he wrte was the The Black Twer. After Yeats’s death, W. H. Auden wrte, amng thers, the falling liners:
Earth, receive an hnured guest:
William Yeats is laid t rest.
Let the Irish vessel (船) lie
Emptied f its petry.
1．What can yu learn abut Yeats’s family accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．It was a happy family.
B．It was shcked by Yeats’s chice.
C．It was a typically wealthy family.
D．It had an artistic atmsphere.
2．What des the underlined wrd “inherited” (in paragraph 1) prbably mean?
A．failed tB．succeeded tC．gave upD．wrried abut
3．In what rder did the fllwing happen in Yeats’s life?
a. He wn a Nbel Prize f Literature.
b. He funded an Irish natinal theatre.
c. He was dead in Mentn.
d. The Winding Stair was published.
e. He wrte The Black Twer.
A．b→a→e→d→cB．b→a→d→e→c
C．a→b→d→c→eD．a→b→c→d→e
4．What kind f feeling is expressed in W. H. Auden’s lines?
A．Happiness.B．Sympathy.C．Emptiness.D．Admiratin.
（2024·广东广州·二模）A brken heart and a sad ending t a lng friendship. That's smething mst f us have experienced, r prbably will. After all, it's part f human life. But the experience can be bard t get ver.
But research shws there is medicine fr a heart-brken persn. Listening t sad music is a majr ne. It can help yu begin t feel jy and hpeful abut yur life again. It can aruse (激起) the desire t cnnect with thers.
Sad music can help heal (治愈) and raise yur spirits. A recent study frm Germany fund when listening t sad music, peple have the feelings f empathy (同情), and a desire fr psitive cnnectin with thers. That, itself, 'is psychlgically healing. It draws yu away frm cncentratin n yurself, and pssibly twards helping thers in need.
Anther experiment, frm the University f Kent, fund that when peple were experiencing sadness, listening t music that was “beautiful but sad” imprved their md. In fact, it did s when the persn first cnsciusly accept the situatin causing their sadness, and then began listening t the sad music. That is, if they believed that the sad music wuld help, they fund that it really did.
These findings link with ther studies that shw accepting yur sad situatin emtinally leads t healing and grwth. It seems unbelievable but it des make sense. Fr example, research frm Crnell University fund that accepting discmfrt abut a life experience r new situatin, and viewing it as a step twards grwth and change, encurages peple t find a way thrugh it, beynd it. As Churchill famusly said, “If yu’re ging thrugh hell, keep ging.” That discmfrt pints yu twards creating a plan, a new actin. It brings hpe.
1．What can we learn frm Paragraph 3&4?
A．Sad music can make peple help thers.
B．Sad music can make sad peple feel better.
C．Sad music can make peple believe in themselves.
D．Sad music can make peple cncentrate n themselves.
2．What des the underlined phrase “ging thrugh hell” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Hearing bad wrds used by enemies.B．Aviding a place t g after death.
C．Getting an extremely pleasant time.D．Having an painful experience.
3．Hw des the authr develp this article?
A．By listing numbers.B．By cmparing examples.
C．By giving directins.D．By shwing research results.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the article?
A．Hw t Find Pathways thrugh Heartaches
B．Hw We React t a Brken Heart Matters a Lt
C．What We Can D t Overcme Discmfrt in Life
D．Why Listening t Sad Music Heals Yur Brken Heart
（2024·广东广州·一模）Grwn-ups can’t ften remember much abut what happened in their early age. As a result, sme peple think we aren’t able t make memries befre we’re 4 r 5years ld. But researchers studying early memries dn’t think s. They believe we d start making memries at a very yung age. Hwever, what we remember abut ur early years seems t change as we grw up.
Researchers wrked with 140 children aged between 4 and 13. First, they asked the children t describe their earliest memry. Then they asked them abut hw ld they were when the event tk place. Next, they asked the children’s parents t make sure that the event actually happened. All the answers were written dwn. Tw years later, the researchers went back t the children and asked them again, “What’s yur earliest memry?”
Nearly all the children wh were aged between 4 and 7 in the first interview said smething very different in the secnd interview. And when the researchers reminded them f what they’d said the first time, many f the children said: “N! That never happened t me.” On the ther hand, many f the children wh were between 10 and 13 at the first interview described the same memry in the secnd interview. This seems t suggest that ur memries change in the early years, but that at arund the age f ten, the things that we remember remain.
Accrding t the study, the researchers als fund that children’s early memries were ften happy nes. Hwever, peple used t think that mst early memries were abut very stressful things that happened t them as children, because bad things stand ut in mind. In fact, stressful events were nly a small percentage f what the children said they remembered.
1．What d we knw abut ur memries accrding t the research?
A．We dn’t remember stressful things in life.
B．We dn’t realize we can change ur memries.
C．We begin t make memries when we are little.
D．We start t make memries at arund the age f 10.
2．Hw des the researchers check whether the children’s earliest memries are true?
A．By recrding their answers.
B．By turning t their parents fr help.
C．By asking them again tw years later.
D．By dividing them int different grups.
3．What des the underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The children aged frm 8 t 11 in the first interview.
B．The children aged frm 10 t 13 in the first interview.
C．The children aged frm 4 t 7 in the secnd interview.
D．The children aged frm 6 t 9 in the secnd interview.
4．What will the researchers prbably g n studying accrding t the passage?
A．What children’s first r earliest memry actually is.
B．Wh is respnsible fr checking children’s memries.
C．Why children remember certain events but nt thers.
D．Whether the earliest memry change as peple grw up.
（2024·广州·一模）During Chinese New Year, a 40-metre-lng balln lng (the Chinese prnunciatin f dragn) was shwn in Hng Kng. On January 24, the artwrk was cnfirmed t have brken the Guinness Wrld Recrd fr being the wrld’s largest balln lng.
The lng is the symbl f pwer, energy and liveliness in Chinese culture. The recrd-breaking lng is made up f 38,000 beautiful ballns. It shws a glden light and has a sense f pwer.
“Accrding t Chinese legends (神话), the lng cntrls rain. Only gd weather can prduce gd crps, s the Chinese have admired and respected the lng since ancient times,” the balln artist Wilsn Pang said. He added that many sayings abut the lng had gd meanings, which were different frm thse abut Western Dragns.
Pang said that the artwrk tk him much time and the mst difficult part was the eyes. He made mre than 10 drafts fr ne eye alne befre he was satisfied. The Guinness certificatin fficer was greatly impressed, saying it was ne f the mst attractive balln artwrks ever.
The mdel f the lng caught many peple’s attentin. “Beautiful”, “amazing”, “fantastic” and “thanks fr bringing us peace” were amng many peple’s messages Pang received n scial media. T thank peple fr their supprt, Pang printed 5,000 pstcards based n the lng and had a meeting with them at a mall.
“T send a warm, lving message t the peple f Hng Kng is what I always want t d,” Pang said. “I hpe t share what I have learned with yung peple. I have wn many medals myself and I hpe t supprt the next winners in the future.”
Grwing up in Hng Kng, a place bth ld and mdern, Pang ften thinks abut hw t present the beauty f Eastern culture with Western balln art. The balln artist hpes that ne day he can intrduce balln wrks that shw Chinese culture t the wrld. “This is what I am ding nw,” he said.
1．What can we learn frm Paragraph 1 t Paragraph 3?
A．The lng is pwerful and lazy in Chinese culture.
B．Peple respect the lng because it prduces crps.
C．Sayings abut Western Dragns always have gd meanings.
D．Ancient peple believed gd weather depended n the lng.
2．In Wilsn Pang’s eyes, the balln artwrk ________.
A．has perfect eyes in the beginning
B．has nthing t d with yung peple
C．is a way t send peple a warm message
D．is easier t design than any ther artwrk
3．What will the writer prbably talk abut after the last paragraph?
A．The beauty f the Western balln art and wrks.
B．Chinese culture that can be fund in the balln lng.
C．Pang’s grwing-up stries befre becming a balln artist.
D．Hng Kng, a great place with ancient and mdern cultures.
4．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Artist Breaks Recrd fr Largest Lng
B．Chinese Lng Stands fr Special Meanings
C．Hng Kng Spreads Traditinal Chinese Culture
D．Wilsn Pang Becmes Famus as Balln Artist
（2024·广东广州·一模）We have fund plastic in the cean and in animals like birds, fish and whales. But fr the first time, scientists have fund plastic in human pp (粪便), USA Tday reprted.
The finding came frm a study led by scientists frm Envirnment Agency in Austria. The researchers fllwed eight healthy vlunteers frm different parts f the wrld. The vlunteers wrte dwn what they ate fr a week and then prvided a pp sample fr testing.
Scientists fund nine different types f plastic in the samples, accrding t the study. An average f 20 small plastic particles (颗粒) were fund in every 10 grams f pp. The particles measured between 50 t 500 micrmeters.
“The smallest plastic particles are able t enter the bldstream, the lymphatic system (淋巴系统), and may even reach the liver (肝脏),” Philipp Schwabl, wh tk part in the research, said t the Guardian.
Hwever, the scientists aren’t sure if this plastic is harmful t humans. They’re nt sure hw the plastic gt in the vlunteers’ bdies, either. But mst f the vlunteers said they drank frm plastic bttles and als ate seafd that culd include plastic frm cean pllutin.
In fact, plastic is everywhere arund us. Every year, an average f 8 millin tns f plastic waste ges int the ceans, accrding t Natinal Gegraphic. There, sunlight and waves break the plastic items dwn t the size f grains f rice. Mst f the particles stay in the cean. Others can spread int the sil and air. Culd plastic in the air fall nt fd and get int the human bdy?
Previus studies may als give us a clue. Accrding t USA Tday, 90 percent f sea salt sld glbally cntains plastic. And even sme tap water has been fund t have tiny plastic particles in it.
1．Accrding t USA Tday, what was recently discvered?
A．Plastic pllutin is wrse than ever.
B．Sea Salt is nt safe t eat anymre.
C．Plastic has been fund in human pp.
D．Animals like birds r fish may eat plastic.
2．What d we knw abut the study frm Envirnment Agency?
A．The vlunteers kept a recrd f what they ate fr a week.
B．It prved that cean pllutin has becme rather serius.
C．Scientists frm the USA fllwed eight healthy vlunteers.
D．Nine plastic particles were fund in the vlunteers’ pp samples.
3．Paragraph 4 is written t tell us that _________.
A．plastic can harm the lymphatic system.
B．plastic particles can be a few different sizes.
C．plastic particles can exist in everyne’s bdy.
D．plastic particles can reach many parts f ur bdies.
4．What’s the purpse f this passage?
A．T ask peple t eat healthy fd.
B．T ask peple t reduce using plastic.
C．T ask peple nt t thrw plastic bags int the sea.
D．T ask peple t keep the animals away frm plastic.
（2023·广东广州·三模）As peple get lder, the types f friends they have tend t change. As yung adults, humans have a lt f friends. With age, they ften prefer t spend their time with just a few clse, psitive peple. Researchers lng believed that this change was unique t humans, but a new study finds that chimpanzees als have similar trends.
One explanatin fr the humans t get picky abut scial cnnectins has t d with awareness f ur limited life time. “Peple mnitr hw much time we have left in ur life and chse emtin ally-fulfilling relatinships in ld age,” says ne f the study’s lead authrs Alexandra G. Rsati, a psychlgist at the University f Michigan. As peple age, they dn’t want t be surrunded by a large grup f negative friends, but wuld prefer t be near sme ptimistic nes.
Rsati and her clleague were curius whether chimpanzee wuld shw similar features even thugh they dn’t seem t be aware f their upcming death. Researchers used 78,000 hurs f bservatins made ver 20 years frm the Kibale Chimpanzee Prject in Uganda. The data lked at the scial interactins（互动）f 21 male chimpanzee between 15 and 58 years ld. The researchers nly studied male chimpanzee because they shw strnger scial bnds and have mre scial interactins than female chimpanzee.
Researchers fund that wild chimpanzee share a similar pattern. “They interact with thers in mre psitive ways as they get lder. Yunger adults, in cntrast, shw mre aggressin（好斗情绪）and were mre likely t fr mne-sided relatinships where their partner did nt reciprcate.” says Rsati. Fr example, the lder chimpanzees wuld sit clse t their lng-time cmpanins and grm（给……梳毛）each ther, while yunger chimps had mre ne-sided relatinships where they wuld grm a friend, but the actin wasn’t returned. The study was published in the jurnal Science.
“This aging pattern may be the result f shared changes in ur abilities t manage ur emtins with age,” Rsati says. “This shared pattern between chimpanzee and humans culd represent an adaptive respnse where lder adults fcus n imprtant scial relatinships that prvide benefits and avid interactins that have negative results as they lse cmpetitive fighting ability.”
1．Why d humans change their preference fr friends in ld age?
A．They dn’t like making new friends.B．Their friends pass away ne by ne.
C．They adapt t the changes in nature.D．They knw their life is running ut.
2．What is the purpse f Paragraph 3?
A．T shw the study was dne scientifically.
B．T shw hw scientists tried t prve their guessing.
C．T shw hw hard it was t bserve the chimpanzee.
D．T shw male chimpanzee are unaware f upcming death.
3．What des the underlined wrd “reciprcate” in Paragraph 4 mean? __________
A．Repay their kindness.B．Take care f them.
C．Get alng well with them.D．Sit clse t them.
4．Which can be a suitable title fr the text? __________
A．Peple prefer psitive Partners in Old AgeB．Psitive Bnds Benefit Chimps in Many Ways
C．Aging Chimps like Us act Picky Abut FriendsD．Chimps Share Similar Tendencies with Humans
（2023·广东广州·二模）In the Three-Bdy Prblem bks, Trislarans, a type f alien, can dehydrate (脱水) their bdies. They can then ride ut terrible envirnments and cme back t life again hundreds f years later. Is it pssible that humans culd be like that as well?
Scientists have nw made a new discvery by studying water bears. These micrscpic rganisms can live withut water fr decades, accrding t University f Tky bilgist Takekazu Kunieda.
When water bears find themselves smewhere withut water, they g int a frm called a tun. In this frm, there are n signs f life, and they can survive pretty much anything. Deep freezing, vlcanic fire, the dark space… these tiny water bears just sleep it ff and wake up nce it’s safe again, said Science Alert.
But hw d these little eight-legged water bears live withut water? Scientists may be nt the answer nw.
“It’s thught that as water leaves a cell (细胞), sme kind f prtein must help the cell keep its strength t avid breaking apart,” said Kunieda. Nw scientists have fund prteins special t water bears. The prteins prtect their cells against dehydratin.
Scientists als put thse prteins int human cells. They fund these prteins can strengthen the human cell s that it wn’t becme smaller in size when lsing water, said Science Alert.
With experiments using human cells shwing successful results, Trislarans might ne day cme t be a reality.
1．What can Trislarans d in the Three-Bdy Prblem bks?
A．They can live in water fr hundreds f years.
B．They can prtect themselves frm dehydratin.
C．They can help ther dead things cme back t life.
D．They can dehydrate themselves and live in bad envirnments.
2．When there is n water, which f the fllwing abut water bears is TRUE?
A．They give up living.B．They becme a tun.
C．They g t live near vlcanic fire.D．They find a dark space t sleep in.
3．What is the key fr water bears t live withut water?
A．Their special cells.B．Their way f dehydrating.
C．The strength f their bdies.D．A kind f prtein in their bdies.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Hw humans can live underwater.B．What water bears can d fr humans.
C．A scientific finding n water bears.D．The stry f the Three-Bdy Prblem bks.
（2023·广东广州·一模）Take yur dg fr a meal. At mre restaurants, including sme f the mst fashinable nes, dining with animals is nw part f the evening’s menu.
When lcals in Key West g ut t dinner, a ppular place is an pen-air restaurant. On entering the restaurant, they’ll likely see a cat next t a sign that says “Pet the Cat, $1.”
Fr the wners f the restaurant, serving human guests alngside their pets is a n-brainer. Since they pened the restaurant, they’ve had a friendly rule twards pets, the ne that allws pets int the restaurant in a given week.
Americans mre and mre depend n restaurants (they eat 4.2 meals ut each week), it’s nly natural that the family pet is finally getting int the act. Enter “pet-friendly restaurants” int an Internet search engine and many restaurants cme ut.
Why d restaurants curt pets? “Dgs never send their fd back,” jkes ne wner.
The trend（趋势）desn’t nly belng t cmmn places. Many high-rank restaurants als have fllwed the trend. And there are sme cks making a special effrt t treat thse with fur legs. Lrie Ann, c-wner and ck at a restaurant named Fish Wagn in Calif, specializing in German and French fd, serves a free hme-made “dggie burger” and a few dggie “ckies” t nn-human guests.
Even as mre restaurants seek t draw pet wners, they are still the exceptin. Mst lcal health rules make it clear that pets shuld be prevented frm restaurants and suggest that they be kept ut f pen-air areas. Still, many fficials dn’t pay attentin t the rules and allw pets t sit utside with their wners.
T make pet wners cnvenient within the rules, sme restaurants allw pets t sit with their wners nly when the animals are “parked” just utside the designated（指定的）dining area.
1．Why des it becme part f the evening’s menu t take pets fr a meal naturally in America?
A．Many restaurants aim t please nn-human guests.
B．Peple have meals ut mre ften than ever befre.
C．Pet wners want t give their pets better things t eat.
D．Mre and mre restaurants have friendly rules fr pets.
2．What des the underlined wrd “curt” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．Try t please.B．Try t stp.C．Try t clean.D．Try t intrduce.
3．What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Restaurants please wners in rder t bring mre dgs.
B．Restaurants give mre special service t pets than humans.
C．Restaurants try t balance between the rules and guests’ need.
D．Health rules dn’t have any influence n dining ut with pets.
4．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Pet MealsB．Petting Cats in Restaurants
C．Pet OwnersD．Dining ut with Yur Pets
（2023·广东广州·一模）Parents and teachers knw hw difficult the teenage years can be. Teens have always been knwn t d wild, even dangerus things. This was thught t be because f the “flishness f yuth”. Nw, the new technlgy allws scientists t study the physical develpment f the brain in mre detail. Their discveries have led t a new thery f why teens act this way.
A Wrk in Prgress
Recently, scientists discvered that thugh ur brains are almst at their full size by the age f 6, they are far frm fully develped. Only during yuthhd ur brains truly “grw up”. During this time, they g thrugh great changes, like a cmputer system being upgraded. Nw, scientists have cncluded that ur brains cntinue t change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing impulses(冲动) with the fllwing rules. But a still-develping brain can’t d it well. The result is the changeable behavir seen in teenagers.
Pleasure Seekers
The studies say that teens prbably take risks and behave badly. Luckily, as a brain scientist pints ut, the teen brain encurages such behavir in rder t help teens prepare fr adult life.
One way the brain des this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward. Researchers fund that when teens think abut rewards, their brains prduce mre chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain des. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem mre imprtant than the risks, and makes teens feel mre excited abut new experiences than adults d.
Research als fund that it makes scial cnnectins seem especially useful. The brain encurages teens t have a wide circle f friends, which is believed t make us mre successful in life.
Unluckily, this hunt fr greater rewards can smetimes lead teens t make bad decisins. Hwever, it als means that teens are mre pssible, and less afraid, t try new things r t be independent, which can help teens leave their parents’ care and live their wn lives successfully.
1．What can we knw abut ur brains?
A．They dn’t develp until age 25.
B．They are fully develped by the age f 6.
C．They grw bigger nly during yuthhd.
D．It’s nt easy t act n impulse with develped brains.
2．Hw des the teen brain help them prepare fr adult life?
A．By making teens keep ff new peple.
B．By leading teens t make bad decisins.
C．By making teens braver t try new things.
D．By changing the way teens measure pleasure and reward.
3．Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
4．What can be the best title f this passage?
A．The teensB．The teenage brain
C．The pleasure seekersD．The wrk in prgress
Imagine yu are in a new city. Yu ask smene hw t get t a bkstre. They tell yu t g straight, turn left, and yu will find it n yur left. In fact, yu can als find yur way with a phne. Nw imagine yu are in an utdr game. Yu nly have a map and a cmpass, and instead f running dwn a city rad, yu may need t run arund in the wds, climb ver rcks and g up and dwn hills. Welcme t rienteering!
In the game f rienteering, players use a map and a cmpass t find statins. These statins are called cntrls. A special flag, usually in bright clurs, marks each cntrl. Cntrls are nt easy t find. They may be in frnt f a big rck r behind a tree. In mst f the games, yu’ll have t find cntrls in numbered rder, but in sme games yu can change the rder.
At each cntrl, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways ( See Figure 1 ). The cards are very imprtant because players must find all the cntrls t win. If smene misses a cntrl, they wn’t have that mark n their cards. They might crss the finish line first, but the next persn t finish with a full card will win the game.
Orienteering Cntrl Card
Culture Nte: The first cmpass was invented by ancient Chinese peple. It helps yu find yur way by always pinting t the Nrth.
Name
Start time
Curse
Age
Class
Finish time
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Figure 1