2026人教新版八年下册英语 Unit 2 Stay healthy! 讲义

这是一份2026人教新版八年下册英语 Unit 2 Stay healthy! 讲义，共57页。
Unit 2 Stay Healthy单词解析Ourselves (代词) 我们自己【用法讲解】 ourselves是一个反身代词，在句中常作宾语、同位语或表语。【知识拓展】 其它反身代词有myself（我自己）；yourself（你自己）；herself（她自己）；himself（他自己)；itself（它自己）；yourselves（你们自己）；themselves（他们自己）。 Eg: We are so proud of ourselves. 我们对自己感到非常自豪。You'd better ask Mary herself. 你最好问问玛丽本人。The man in the photo is myself. 照片上那个人是我。【常见搭配】 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴、过得愉快 By oneself 独自地、单独地 For oneself 亲自、本人 To oneself 独自享用、独自占有 With oneself 自我控制、自我约束 Eg: We enjoyed ourselves last night. 我们昨天晚上玩得很开心。He learned to swim by himself. 他自学游泳。He signed the contract for himself. 他亲自签了合同。She kept the secret to herself. 她保守秘密，没有告诉别人。He needs to learn to control his anger with himself. 他需要学会控制自己的愤怒。【即学即用】We finished the project by _________ (our). 答案：ourselvesSore (形容词) 疼痛的、酸痛的【用法讲解】 sore作形容词，还可译为“恼火的、剧烈的”；sore还可为名词，译为“疮肿”。 Eg: My legs are sore after hiking all day. 徒步旅行了一整天后，我的腿酸痛极了。He felt sore about losing the game. 他因输掉比赛而感到恼火。The sore on his arm was healing slowly. 他手臂上的疮慢慢愈合了。【常见搭配】 be sore about sth. 对某事生气 Sore point 敏感话题 A sore need 迫切需求 Eg: He is still sore about losing the game. 他因输了比赛很生气。 Money is a sore point in their relationship. 钱是他们关系中的敏感话题。 There is a sore need for affordable housing in this city. 这座城市急需经济适用房。【易混辨析】 sore、ache与pain区别： sore通常指身体某部位的痛处，尤其是由于发炎、受伤或过度使用而引起的疼痛； ache指持续的、隐隐约约的疼痛，常与身体部位组成复合词，如headache（头痛）； pain泛指各种程度和类型的疼痛，既可以是身体上的，也可以是精神上的。 Eg: She had a sore throat and couldn’t speak loudly. 她喉咙痛，不能大声说话。She had a headache. 她头疼。The pain got worse and worse. 疼痛越来越厉害了。【即学即用】( )1. Though the _______ can be healed, yet a scar may remain.sore B. ache C. pain答案： AThroat (名词) 喉咙【用法讲解】 throat为可数名词，其复数形式为throats。 Eg: My throat hurts when I swallow. 我吞咽时喉咙痛。【常见搭配】 clear one’s throat 清清喉咙 Have a sore throat 喉咙痛 At each other’s throats 激烈争吵 Cut one’s throat 扼杀/破坏某事 The throat of the night 深夜 Eg: He cleared his throat before starting to speak. 他清了清喉咙，然后开始说话。I have a sore throat and can’t speak loudly. 我喉咙痛，不能大声说话。The couple was at each other’s throats over money issues. 这对夫妻因钱的问题吵得不可开交。The new policy could cut the throat of small businesses. 新政策可能会扼杀小企业的生存机会。The city was silent at the throat of the night. 深夜的城市一片寂静。【即学即用】Drink hot tea with honey to soothe your sore _________ (喉咙). 答案：throatStomachache (名词) 胃疼、肚子疼【用法讲解】 stomachache为可数名词，其复数形式为stomachaches。 Eg: She complained of a stomachache after eating too much ice cream. 她吃了太多冰激凌后抱怨胃痛。【常见搭配】 have a stomachache 胃痛 Eg: I have a stomachache and can’t eat anything spicy. 我胃痛，不能吃任何辛辣的东西。【即学即用】她今天不能上学，因为胃痛。 She can’t go to school today because she ______ ______ __________. 答案：has a stomachacheHeadache (名词) 头痛【用法讲解】 headache为可数名词，其复数形式为headaches。 Eg: The loud noise gave me a headache. 那巨大的噪音让我头痛。【常见搭配】 have a headache 头痛 Give sb. a headache 使某人头痛/困扰 Eg: I have a terrible headache and need to lie down. 我头痛得厉害，需要躺下来。The noisy neighbors give me a headache every night. 吵闹的邻居每晚都让我头痛。【即学即用】长时间工作后我头痛。 I _________ ______ ______ after working long hours. 答案：have a headacheToothache (名词) 牙痛【用法讲解】 toothache为可数名词，其复数形式为toothaches。 Eg: She woke up in the middle of the night with a sudden toothache. 她半夜突然牙痛，从睡梦中醒来。【常见搭配】 have a toothache 牙痛 Eg: I have a terrible toothache and can’t eat anything hard.我牙痛得厉害，不能吃任何硬的东西。【即学即用】The dentist asked about the intensity of my ___________ (牙痛). 答案：toothacheBackache (名词) 背疼、腰痛【用法讲解】 backache为可数名词，其复数形式为backaches。 Eg: The doctor advised him to do some back exercises to relieve his backache. 医生建议他做一些背部运动来缓解背痛。【常见搭配】 have a backache 背痛 Eg: She can’t bend down easily because she has a backache. 她因为背痛无法轻松弯腰。【即学即用】在书桌前坐了一整天后我背痛。 I _______ ______ _________ after sitting at the desk all day. 答案：have a backachePress (动词) 压、按、挤、推【用法讲解】 press作动词，还可译为“催促、榨取、熨烫”；press还可为名词，译为“报刊、出版社、压、按”。 Eg: Press the red button to start the machine. 按下红色按钮启动机器。The protesters pressed for immediate reform. 抗议者要求立即改革。He pressed his shirt before the interview. 面试前他熨了衬衫。The press reported the scandal extensively. 媒体广泛报道了丑闻。This book was published by Oxford University Press. 这本书由牛津大学出版社出版。The army pressed forward despite heavy fire. 军队在猛烈火力下继续推进。【常见搭配】 press sb. to do sth. 敦促某人做某事 Press for ... 迫切要求.. Eg: The boss pressed him to finish the report. 老板催促他完成报告。Activists are pressing for environmental reforms. 活动人士呼吁环境改革。【即学即用】 P________ the return key to enter the information. 答案：PressNosebleed (名词) 鼻出血【用法讲解】 nosebleed为可数名词，其复数形式为nosebleeds。 Eg: The doctor examined his nose and found the reason for his frequent nosebleeds. 医生检查了他的鼻子，找到了他频繁流鼻血的原因。、【常见搭配】 get a nosebleed 开始流鼻血 Have a nosebleed 流鼻血 Eg: I got a nosebleed when I was playing basketball and got hit in the face. 我打篮球时脸部被撞到，流鼻血了。 The dry air in winter often causes him to have nosebleeds. 冬天干燥的空气经常使他流鼻血。【即学即用】She tilted her head back to stop the ___________ (鼻血). 答案：nosebleedDentist (名词) 牙科医生【用法讲解】 dentist为可数名词，其复数形式为dentists。 Eg: Visitor your dentist twice a year for a check - up. 每年去牙医处做两次牙齿检查。【常见搭配】 see a dentist 看牙医 Go to the dentist 去牙医诊所 Eg: You should see a dentist if you have a toothache. 如果你牙痛，应该去看牙医。I’m going to the dentist tomorrow. 我明天要去牙医诊所。【即学即用】If a tooth feels very loose, your d_________ may recommend that it’s taken out. 答案：dentistFever (名词) 发烧【用法讲解】 fever为可数名词，其复数形式为fevers。 Eg: His fever went down after taking the medicine. 他吃了药后，烧退了。【常见搭配】 have a (high) fever 发（高）烧 Reduce a fever 退烧 In a fever of excitement 极度兴奋 Eg: Do you have a fever? Let me check your temperature. 你发烧了吗？ 让我给你量一下体温。 Cold compresses help reduce a fever. 冷敷有助于退烧。 The fans were in a fever of excitement when their favorite star appeared. 当他们最喜欢的明星出现时，粉丝们极度兴奋。【即学即用】她发高烧，需要休息。 She _______ _____ _____ ______ and needs rest. 答案：has a high feverStomach (名词) 胃、腹部【用法讲解】 stomach为可数名词，其复数形式为stomachs，还可译为“食欲”。 Eg: I have a pain in my stomach. 我胃痛。His stomach rumbled because he was hungry. 他饿了，肚子咕咕叫。After a long walk, I worked up an appetite and my stomach was growling for food. 走了很长一段路后，我有了食欲，肚子饿得咕咕叫着要食物。【常见搭配】 on an empty stomach 空腹 Turn one’s stomach 使人恶心、令人倒胃口 Eg: You shouldn’t take this medicine on an empty stomach. 你不应该空腹吃这种药。The smell of the rotten food turned my stomach. 腐烂食物的气味让我恶心。【即学即用】Remember not to drink milk on an empty s_________. 答案：stomachAvoid (动词) 避免、防止 Eg: Good leaders avoid unnecessary conflicts in teams. 优秀领导者避免团队中不必要的冲突。 She avoids spicy food because of her stomach. 她因胃病避开辛辣食物。【常见搭配】 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 Eg: To stay healthy, avoid smoking and drinking. 为了保持健康，要避免吸烟和饮酒。【派生词】 avoidance为名词，译为“避免、躲避”； avoidable为形容词，译为“可避免的”。 Eg: His avoidance of the topic made everyone curious. 他回避这个话题让每个人都很好奇。This accident was avoidable if he had been more careful. 如果他更小心，这个事故是可以避免的。【即学即用】We should avoid _______ (waste) water. 答案：wastingGas (名词) 气体、燃气【用法讲解】 gas为可数名词，其复数形式为gasses；gas还可为动词，译为“放出气体、排气、吹牛、加汽油”。 Eg: Hydrogen and oxygen are gases. 氢和氧是气体。The volcano is gassing continuously. 火山在持续排气。You should gas up the car before the long - distance trip. 在长途旅行前你应该给汽车加满油。Don’t gas away all the time. Get down to work. 别总是吹牛了。开始工作吧。【常见搭配】 gas station 加油站 Run out of gas 汽油用完 Eg: We need to stop at the gas station to get some gas. 我们需要在加油站停下来加些汽油。 The car ran out of gas on the way. 汽车在路上汽油用完了。【即学即用】Air is a mixture of __________ (gas). 答案：gassesAche (名词/名词) 疼痛【用法讲解】 ache为可数名词，其复数形式为aches。 Eg: My legs ached after a long walk. 走了很长一段路后，我的腿疼。 I have a stomach ache. 我胃痛。【常见搭配】 have a (terrible) ache in... ...疼得(厉害) Eg: I have a terrible ache in my back. 我后背疼得厉害。【即学即用】The _________ (疼痛) in his muscles made it hard to move. 答案：acheX - ray (名词) X光照片、X射线【用法讲解】 X-ray还可为动词，译为“用X光检查”；X-ray也可为形容词，译为“X光的”。 Eg: The X - ray technician operates the X - ray equipment. 这位X光技师操作X光设备。They X - rayed the ancient vase to study its internal structure. 他们对这个古代花瓶进行了X光检查以研究其内部结构。【常见搭配】 take an X - ray 给...做X光检查 Eg: The doctor will take an X - ray of your leg. 医生将给你的腿做X光检查。【即学即用】I need to have an _________ (X光照片) for my injured arm. 答案：X - rayCareless (形容词) 不小心的、粗心的【用法讲解】 careless在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: His careless mistake cost him the job. 他粗心的错误使他丢掉了这份工作。Don’t be so careless next time. 下次别这么粗心了。【常见搭配】 be careless about... 对...粗心 Be careless of ... 不关心、不顾及 Eg: He is careless about his health. 他对自己的健康很粗心。She is careless of other people’s feelings. 她不顾及别人的感受。【派生词】 careful为形容词，译为“仔细的、认真的、小心的”； carefully为副词，译为“认真地、仔细地”。 Eg: She is careful when crossing the street. 她过马路时很小心。She listened carefully to the instructions. 她仔细听了指示。【即学即用】The accident was caused by ________ (care) driving. 答案：carelessRunny (形容词) 流鼻涕的、流眼泪的【用法讲解】 runny作形容词常作定语或表语，也可表示“（物体）稀的、水分过多的”。 Eg: She has a runny nose from the cold. 他因感冒而流鼻涕。The sauce is too runny; add some flour. 酱汁太稀了，加些面粉。【常见搭配】 runny nose 流鼻涕 Runny eyes 流眼泪 Runny egg 溏心蛋 Eg: My runny nose won’t stop. 我流鼻涕止不住。The pollen makes my eyes runny. 花粉让我眼镜流泪。I like runny eggs. 我喜欢溏心蛋。【派生词】 run为动词，译为“跑”。 Eg: The dog is running after the cat. 那只狗正在追赶那只猫。【即学即用】She has a ________ (run) nose because of he pollen allergy. 答案：runnyCough (名词/动词) 咳嗽【用法讲解】 cough为可数名词，其复数形式为coughs。 Eg: He had a bad cough. 他咳嗽得很厉害。He coughed loudly in the classroom. 他在教室里大声咳嗽。【常见搭配】 have a cough 咳嗽 Cough up 咳出、勉强说出 Eg: I have had a cough for a few days. 我已经咳嗽好几天了。She finally coughed up the truth. 她终于说出了真相。【即学即用】 他整夜咳嗽的很厉害。 He _______ ______ _______ ________ all night. 答案：had a bad coughBruised (形容词) 受了瘀伤的【用法讲解】 bruised作形容词时，在句中常作定语或表语；bruised也可为bruise的过去式或过去分词形式。 Eg: He had a bruised knee from the fall. 他摔倒后膝盖淤青了。The team’s morale was bruised after the defeat. 球队在失败后士气受挫。His arm was bruised in the accident. 他的胳膊在事故中碰伤了。【常见搭配】 be bruised 受伤、受挫 Bruised and battered 遍体鳞伤、伤痕累累 Eg: His ego was bruised by the rejection. 他的自尊心因被拒绝而受挫。 The boxer came out of the fight bruised and battered. 这位拳击手打完比赛后遍体鳞伤。【派生词】 bruise为名词，译为“瘀伤”；bruise也可为动词，译为“受损”。 Eg: He had several bruises after the fight. 他打架后有多处瘀伤。 The fall bruised her shoulder. 跌倒导致她肩膀瘀伤。【即学即用】She had a __________ (bruise) toe from dropping the heavy box. 答案：bruisedSuffer (动词) 受苦、遭受【用法讲解】 suffer也可为名词，译为“痛苦、折磨”。 Eg: As long as I am here, I won’t the child suffer. 只要有我在，就不能让孩子受苦。【常见搭配】 suffer from ... 遭受某种痛苦 Suffer due to ... 因某种原因而遭受 Suffer in silence 默默承受、忍受 Eg: She suffered from a bad cold last week. 上周她感冒了。Many families are suffering due to lack of access to clean water. 许多家庭由于无法获得干净的水资源而受苦。She suffered in silence rather than ask for help. 她选择默默承受，而不是寻求帮助。【即学即用】很多人有失眠的困扰。 Many people ________ ________ insomnia. 答案：suffer fromTake a seat 坐下 Eg: After a long journey, he was tired and just wanted to take a seat and rest.长途旅行后，他很累，只想找个座位坐下休息。【知识拓展】 seat作名词为可数名词，其复数形式为seats，译为“座位、所在地、席位”；seat还可为动词，译为“安排座位、容纳人数、安装”。 Eg: Please check your boarding pass for your assigned seat. 请查看登机牌上的指定座位。Beijing is the seat of government of China. 北京是中国政府所在地。Jack will win a seat in an election. 杰克将在选举中赢得一个席位。The protocol officer seated diplomats according to their ranks. 礼宾官按外交官级别安排入座。The amphitheater seats 1,200 with optimal sightlines. 该圆形剧场最佳观演区设1200座。Seat the valve carefully to prevent gas leakage. 仔细安装阀门底座以防气体泄漏。【常见搭配】 take/ have a seat 坐下 Seat oneself 自行坐下 Book a seat 预定座位 Eg: Can I have a seat here? 我可以坐这里吗？Please seat yourself. 请坐。I booked a seat on the high - speed train to Beijing on the Internet. 我在网上预定了去北京的高铁座位。【即学即用】Last year its 1431 _________ (seat) were 94 percent occupied all year long.主人迎接可客人并说：“请就坐。” The host greeted the guests and said, “ _______ ______ _______, please.” 答案：1. seats 2. Take a seatTake one’s temperature 给某人量体温 Eg: The nurse took the patient’s temperature. 护士量了病人的体温。【知识拓展】 temperature泛指“温度”时，为不可数名词；其他情况为可数名词，指不同温度时可用复数形式，其复数形式为temperatures。 Eg: The temperature outside is very high today. 今天外面的温度非常高。The temperature of the water is just right for swimming. 水的温度正适合游泳。【常见搭配】 take one’s temperature 量某人的体温 High/ low temperature 高温/低温 Room temperature 室温 Have a temperature 发烧 Keep one’s temperature 保持冷静 Raise the temperature 使气氛热烈起来 Eg: The nurse took the patient’s temperature. 护士量了病人的体温。We should avoid going out in high temperature. 我们应该避免再高温时外出。The wine should be served at room temperature. 这种酒应该再室温下饮用。She has a temperature and feels unwell. 她发烧了，感觉不舒服。In a heated argument, try to keep your temperature. 在激烈的争论中，尽量保持冷静。The host raised the temperature of the party with his jokes. 主持人用他的笑话让派对气氛热烈起来。【派生词】 temperate为形容词，译为“温和的”； temperamental为形容词，译为“情绪多变的”。 Eg: The temperate climate is suitable for growing many kinds of plants. 温和的气候适合种植很多种类的植物。She is a temperamental person. 她是个情绪多变的人。【即学即用】我需要给我女儿量一下体温，因为她觉得有点热。 I need to _______ _______ ________ __________ because she feels a little warm. 答案：take my daughter’s temperatureTest (名词/动词) 检查、测验【用法讲解】 test为可数名词，其复数形式为tests；test还可为动词，译为“试验、检查、测试”等。 Eg: I have a math test tomorrow. 我明天有数学测试。This is a test of our friendship. 这是对我们友谊的考验。The doctor tested his eyesight. 医生测试了他的视力。【常见搭配】 final test 期末考试 Pass/ fail the test 通过/未通过考试 Blood test 验血 Test on ... 在...上进行测试 Test out 试验成功 Stand the test of time 经受住时间的考验/经久不衰 Eg: I have to take a final test next week. 我下周要参加期末考试。I am very happy because I pass the English test. 我非常开心因为我通过了英语考试。A blood test will tell us who I am? 验血能确定我是谁吗？The new drug was tested on animals first. 这种新药首先在动物身上进行了试验。The prototype tested out better than expected. 原型机测试结果超预期。Shakespeare’s works have stood the test of time. 莎翁的作品经久不衰。【易混辨析】 test、exam与quiz的区别 test通常指小型的、不定期的测验，用于检验特定知识或技能； exam一般指正式的、大型的考试； Quiz通常指一种简短的、频繁的评估。 Eg: The test results came back positive. 测试结果呈阳性。 Failing one exam is not the end of the world. 一次考试不及格并非世界末日。The solution to last week’s quiz is on page 81. 上星期测验的答案在第81页。【即学即用】他们的友谊经受住了时间的考验。 Their friendship has ________ ______ _______ _____ ______. 答案：stood the test of timeFlu (名词) 流行性感冒【用法讲解】 flu虽为可数名词，但通常以单数形式出现。 Eg: I caught the flu last week and had a high fever. 我上周得了流感，发高烧了。【常见搭配】 catch/ get the flu 感染流感 Have the flu 患流感 Flu season 流感季 Eg: She caught the flu from her coworker. 她从同事那里感染了流感。He has the flu and is running a fever. 他得了流感，正在发烧。Flu season usually starts in autumn. 流感季通常从秋季开始。【即学即用】The doctor advised me to rest at home because I had the _________ (流感). 答案：fluMedicine (名词) 药、医学【用法讲解】 medicine表示“药、药物”时为不可数名词；medicine表示“不同种类的药物”时为可数名词，其复数形式为medicines。 Eg: There are many medicines for treating colds. 有许多治疗感冒的药物。【常见搭配】 take some medicine 吃药 Eg: He has to take some medicine every day. 他不得不每天吃药。【即学即用】她已服用了许多药，但没有一种药能治好她的药。 She has ________ ______ ______ ______ _______ _______, but non have cured her disease. 答案：taken a lot of different medicinesMask (名词) 口罩【用法讲解】 mask为可数名词，其复数形式为masks；mask还可为动词，译为“遮盖、伪装”。 Eg: Please a mask in public places. 公共场所请佩戴口罩。She masked her fear with a smile. 她用微笑掩饰恐惧。The spy masked his identity to avoid detection. 间谍伪装身份以避免被发现。【常见搭配】 face mask 面罩、面膜 Under the mask of 以...为伪装、在...的幌子下 Mask sth. from sb. 向某人隐瞒某事 Eg: She applied a face mask before bed. 她睡前敷了面膜。He committed the crime under the mask of kindness. 他以善良伪装犯了罪。She tried to mask her true feelings from her parents. 她试图向父母隐瞒自己的真实感受。【派生词】 masked为形容词，译为“戴面具的、隐藏的”； masking为名词，译为“掩饰、遮蔽”。 Eg: The masked dancer performed beautifully. 那位戴面具的舞者表演得很精彩。The masking of th truth made the situation more complicated. 对真相的掩饰使情况更加复杂。【即学即用】The actor wore a golden ________ (面具) on stage. 答案： maskVirus (名词) 病毒【用法讲解】 virus为可数名词，其复数形式为virus，还可译为“有害影响、毒液”等。 Eg: Many diseases are caused by viruses. 许多疾病是由病毒引起的。 The virus of jealousy is latent in everyone. 嫉妒的毒液潜伏在每个人心中。【常见搭配】 catch a virus 感染病毒 Spread a virus 传播病毒 Eg: He caught a virus and had to stay in bed for a few days. 他感染了病毒，不得不卧床休息几天。Mosquitoes can spread viruses from one person to another. 蚊子可以在人与人之间传播病毒。【派生词】 viral为形容词，译为“病毒的、病毒性的”。 Eg: The viral infection spread quickly in the school. 病毒感染在学校里迅速传播。【即学即用】Doctors are fighting against the new _________ (病毒) bravely. 答案：virusStop... from doing 防止...、阻止... Eg: The fence stops the dogs from running into the street. 栅栏阻止了狗跑到街上。【知识拓展】 Stop为动词，译为“停止”，也可为名词，译为“停止、车站”。 Eg: She stopped the car. 她停下了车。 The bus stop is just around the corner. 公交车站就在拐角处。【常见搭配】 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 Stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事 Eg: I’m tired, let’s stop to have a rest. 我累了，让我们停下来休息一会。 I’m tired, let’s stop working. 我累了，让我们停止工作。【即学即用】我们应该采取措施防止污染变得更严重。 We should take measures to ________ the pollution _________ getting worse.How can we stop them from _______ (cut) down the trees? 答案：1. stop; from 2. cuttingDescription (名词) 描写、形容【用法讲解】 description为可数名词，其复数形式为descriptions，还可译为“类型、种类”。 Eg: The description of the scene was very vivid. 对那个场景的描述非常生动。This is a description of a new type of car. 这是一种新型汽车的介绍。【常见搭配】 give a description of ... 对...进行描述 In description 在描述中 Eg: Can you give a description of the person you saw at the scene? 你能描述一下你在现场看到的那个人吗？The actual situation is different from what is said in description. 实际情况与描述中的不同。【派生词】 describe为动词，译为“描述、形容”； Descriptive为形容词，译为“描述性的、叙述性的”。 Eg: He described the accident in detail. 他详细地描述了这起事故。The descriptive essay was full of vivid details. 这篇描述性文章充满了生动的细节。【即学即用】The suspect matches the ___________ (describe) given by the witness. 答案：descriptionPatient (名词) 病人；(形容词) 有耐心的【用法讲解】 patient为可数名词，其复数形式为patients。 Eg: He is very patient person, never getting angry easily. 他是个非常有耐心的人，从不轻易发脾气。The patient is recovering well after the surgery. 手术后，病人恢复得很好。【常见搭配】 be patient with sb./ sth. 对某人/某物有耐心 Eg: Please be patient with me, I’m trying to figure this out. 请对我有点耐心，我正在想办法。【派生词】 patience为名词，译为“耐心”。 Eg: I’ve lost all patience with his constant complaining. 我对他不断的抱怨已经失去了所有耐心。【即学即用】这名老师对学生很有耐心。 This teacher ______ ________ ________ students. 答案：is patient withInjury (名词) 伤害、损伤【用法讲解】 injury为可数名词，其复数形式为injuries。 Eg: He suffered a serious injury in the accident. 他在事故中受了重伤。She was awarded compensation for injury to her feelings. 她因感情受到伤害而获得赔偿。【常见搭配】 be an injury to ... 对...有害 Eg: Lack of exercise is an injury to your physical fitness. 缺乏锻炼对你的身体素质有害。【派生词】 injured为形容词，译为“受伤的、损害的”； injurious为形容词，译为“有害的、造成伤害的”。 Eg: The injured were taken to the hospital immediately. 伤者被立即送往医院。Smoking is injurious to health. 吸烟有害健康。【易混辨析】 injury与wound的区别： Injury使用范围较广，可指身体各部位因意外事故、暴力等受到的伤害，即指外伤也指内伤； wound通常指由刀、枪等锐器或暴力造成的开放性外伤，由明显伤口。 Eg: He got an injury to his back while lifting heavy objects. 他在搬重物时背部受伤了。The soldier had a serious wound on his arm. 士兵的胳膊上有一处严重的伤口。【即学即用】He suffered an i________ to his back in the accident.There were several ________ (injury/ wound) caused by the accident. 答案：1. injury 2. woundIllness (名词) 疾病【用法讲解】 illness常为不可数名词，但在表示“具体的疾病类型”时为可数名词，其复数形式为illnesses。 Eg: She is recovering from a serious illness. 她正在从重病中康复。Chronic illnesses like diabetes require lifelong management. 糖尿病等慢性病需终身管理。【常见搭配】 suffer from an illness 患（某种）疾病 Recover from an illness 从疾病中康复 Eg: She has been suffering from a chronic illness for years. 她多年来一直患有一种慢性疾病。 He is slowly recovering from his illness. 他正在慢慢从疾病中康复。【派生词】 ill为形容词，译为“生病的、不健康的”。 Eg: She looks ill. You should take her to the doctor. 她看起来生病了。你应该带她去看医生。【易混辨析】 illness与disease区别： illness侧重描述身体或心理上处于不健康的状态，不一定有明确的病因或病理特征； Disease通常指具体的、有明确病理特征和病因的疾病，强调医学上的专业性和严重性。 Eg: He took a leave of absence because of illness. 他因生病请假了。Cancer is a serious disease that affects many people worldwide. 癌症是一种严重影响全球许多人的严重疾病。【即学即用】He has been suffering from a serious _______ (ill) for months. 答案：illness Knife (名词) 刀【用法讲解】 knife为可数名词，其复数形式为knives。 Eg: He used a knife to cut the bread. 他用刀切面包。【常见搭配】 like a hot knife through butter 轻而易举 Twist the knife 落井下石 At knife’s edge 危在旦夕 Eg: The new software solved the problem like a hot knife through butter. 新软件轻松解决了问题。 After her failure, her colleagues twisted the knife by criticizing her publicly. 她失败后，同事公开批评她，落井下石。The negotiation was at knife’s edge until both sides compromised. 谈判僵持不下，直到双方妥协。【即学即用】The kitchen drawer was full of ___________ (knife) of all sizes. 答案：knivesClear (形容词) 清晰的、清楚的；(动词) 清理【用法讲解】 clear为动词，译为“澄清”，clear还可为形容词，译为“晴朗的”。 Eg: Please clear the snow from the path. 请把小路上的雪清理掉。She cleared up the misunderstanding. 她澄清了误解。The instructions are very clear. 说明非常清晰。The weather is clear today. 今天天气晴朗。【常见搭配】 clear out 清理、丢掉 Clear up 天气放晴 In the clear 摆脱困境 Keep clear of... 主动避开危险或麻烦 Make clear 讲清楚、使明白 Eg: I need to clear out my closet. 我需要清理我的衣柜。 The sky cleared up in the afternoon. 下午填空放晴了。He is in the clear now. 他现在摆脱困境了。Drivers should keep clear of the accident area. 司机应避开事故区域。You need to make clear your intentions before you start the project. 在开始这个项目之前，你需要讲清楚你的意图。【派生词】 clearly为副词，译为“清楚地”。 Eg: Speak more clearly. 说得更清楚些。【即学即用】She spoke ________ (clear) so everyone could hear her.我们正在把阁楼里的旧家具清理出去。 We are ________ _________ the old furniture from the attic. 答案：1. clearly 2. clearing outPain (名词) 疼痛、痛苦【用法讲解】 pain泛指“疼痛”时为不可数名词；pain特指“身体部位的疼痛”或“pain”前有形容词修饰时为可数名词，pain也可引申为“劳苦、辛劳”；pain还可为动词，译为“使疼痛”。 Eg: He suffered great pain after the accident. 事故后他遭受了巨大痛苦。He has a pain in his knee. 他膝盖疼。Her words pained him deeply. 她得话使他深感痛苦。【常见搭配】 No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。 Have a pain in 身体部位 身体某部位疼 In pain 处于痛苦中 Take pains to do sth. 尽力做某事 Spare no pains to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 Eg: He has a sharp pain in his stomach. 他肚子疼得厉害。The injured man was lying in pain on the ground. 受伤的男子痛苦地躺在地上。She took pains to make the party a success. 她煞费苦心使聚会取得成功。The teacher spared no pains to help the students improve their grades. 老师不遗余力地帮助学生提高成绩。【派生词】 painful为形容词，译为“疼痛的、痛苦的”。 Eg: The painful memory still haunts him. 那段痛苦的记忆仍然萦绕在他心头。【易混辨析】 pain与ache区别： Pain使用范围较广，可指身体各部位的剧烈疼痛，也可指精神上的疼痛； ache通常指持续的、隐隐的疼痛，多用于身体部位。 Eg: I have a pain in my stomach. 我肚子疼。 I have a bad headache. 我头痛得厉害。【即学即用】She has a constant p________ in her knee. 答案：painWhat’s more 更有甚者、更为重要的是【用法讲解】 what’s more译为“而且、此外”，通常房子句子的中间或开头，用于引入额外的信息或观点。 Eg: I need to finish this report by tomorrow. What’s more, I have to prepare for a meeting.我需要在明天之前完成这份报告。此外，我还要准备一个会议。【即学即用】她数学很好。而且，她对科学充满热情。 She is good at math. _______ ______, she has a passion for science. 答案：What’s moreBrightness (名词) 亮度【用法讲解】 brightness为不可数名词，还可译为“聪慧、活泼”。 Eg: The brightness of the sun blinded me. 太阳的亮度使我睁不开眼。Her eyes showed a special brightness. 她的眼睛透露出一种特别的聪慧。【常见搭配】 adjust the brightness 调节亮度 Eg: He adjusted the brightness of the TV to a comfortable level. 他把电视的亮度调节到了一个舒适的水平。【派生词】 bright为形容词，译为“明亮的、聪慧的”； brighten为动词，译为“使变亮、使愉快”。 Eg: The bright moonlight gently illuminated the quiet garden. 明亮的月光温柔地照亮了宁静的花园。The sun began to brighten the sky. 太阳开始使天空变亮。【即学即用】 The _____________ (bright) of the lamp can be adjusted according to your need. 答案：brightnessEnvironment (名词) 环境【用法讲解】 environment为可数名词，其复数形式为environments，还可译为“条件、环境”等。 Eg: We should protect the natural environment. 我们应该保护自然环境。A comfortable working environment is important for employees. 一个舒适的工作环境对员工很重要。This software can run in different environments. 这个软件可以在不同的环境中运行。【常见搭配】 work environment 工作环境 Living environment 生活环境 Eg: A good work environment can improve work efficiency. 良好的工作环境能提高工作效率。We should pay attention to improving our living environment. 我们应该注意改善我们的生活环境。【派生词】 environmental为形容词，译为“环境的”； Environmentalist为名词，译为“环保主义者”。 Eg: Making environmental protection is one of China’s basic national policies. 确保环境保护是中国的一项基本国策。Many environmentalists are working hard to protect the earth. 许多环保主义者正在努力保护地球。【即学即用】The pollution is damaging the ___________ (环境). 答案：environmentCross (动词) 穿越、横过、交叉【用法讲解】 cross作动词还可译为“反对、违背”；cross还可为名词，译为“十字架、十字形记号”；cross还可为形容词，译为“生气的、恼怒的”。 Eg: The river is too wide to cross. 这条河太宽，跨不过去。The two lines cross at this point. 这两条线在这个点相交。Don’t cross your parents’ wishes. 不要违背你父母的意愿。Make a cross on the map where you are. 在地图上你所在的位置做个十字记号。He was cross with me for being late. 因为我迟到了，他对我很生气。【常见搭配】 cross one’s mind 突然想到 Cross out 划掉、删除 Be cross with sb. 和某人生气 Eg: It never crossed my mind that he would lie to me. 我从未想到他会对我说谎。Cross out the wrong answers. 把错误的答案划掉。He was cross with himself for forgetting the keys. 他因忘记钥匙而自责。【派生词】 across为介词，译为“穿过”； crossing为名词，译为“十字路口、交叉点”。 Eg: Please be careful when you walk across the street. 过马路时请当心。Take care at the crossing. 在十字路口要小心。【即学即用】_______ the road at the zebra _________ (cross). 答案：Cross; crossingCatch fire 着火【用法讲解】 catch fire还可译为“突然引发热情/兴趣”。 Eg: The old building caught fire last night. 那座老建筑昨晚着火了。Her speech caught fire among the audience. 她的演讲在听众中引发了热烈反响。【知识拓展】 fire为名词，译为“火、火宅、炉灶”；fire还可为动词，译为“开火、解雇、激发”。 Eg: There is a big fire in the forest. 森林里有一场大火。The fire destroyed many houses. 火宅烧毁了许多房屋。She cooked dinner on the fire. 她在炉灶上做晚餐。The soldiers fired at the enemy. 士兵们向敌人开火。He was fired from his job. 他被解雇了。The movie fired his imagination. 这部电影激发了他的想象力。【即学即用】别让蜡烛无人看官，可能会着火。 Don’t leave candles unattended -- they might _______ ______. 答案：catch fireThemselves (代词) 他（或她、它）们自己【用法讲解】 themselves字句中常作宾语或同位语。 Eg: The children dressed themselves quickly. 孩子们很快就自己穿好了衣服。The scientists themselves verified the data. 科学家们亲自验证了数据。【常见搭配】 by themselves 单独地、独立完成 For themselves 为自己、亲自 Eg: The children cleaned the room by themselves. 孩子们自己打扫了房间。 They bought new clothes for themselves. 他们为自己买了新衣服。【派生词】 they为人称代词主格，译为“他们”； them为人称代词宾格，译为“他们”。 Eg: They couldn’t give me any more information. 他们不可能给我提供更多的信息。I can probably make the time to see them. 我大概能腾出时间去看望他们。【即学即用】They often help each other out, and in doing so, they strengthen _________ (they). 答案：themselvesFry (动词) 油炸、油煎、油炒【用法讲解】 fry还可译为“干透、烤焦”。 Eg: She likes to fry eggs for breakfast. 她喜欢早餐煎鸡蛋。The sun fried the grass. 太阳把草晒干了。【派生词】 fried为形容词，译为“油炸的”； Frying为名词，译为“油炸、煎炸”。 Eg: I don’t like fried food. 我不喜欢油炸食物。The frying of the fish filled the kitchen with a delicious smell. 煎鱼让厨房充满了香味。【即学即用】We f_________ the chicken in olive oil. 答案：friedTurn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等） Eg: It’s dark in here -- turn on the light! 这里太暗了 -- 开灯！【知识拓展】 turn在此处为动词，译为“转变”，还可译为“转动、改变方向”等。 Eg: Please turn the key in the lock. 请把钥匙插到锁里转动。 Turn left at the corner. 在拐角处左转。【常见搭配】 turn... into ... 把...变成... Turn ... off 关闭（常指关掉自来水、电灯及家用电器等） Turn... on 打开（常指开灯或打开家用电器等） Turn down 把声音调低、拒绝 Turn up 把声音调高、出现 Turn one’s head 转头 Eg: The magician turned the flower into a bird. 这个魔术师把一朵花变成了一只鸟。 You must turn off the light when you go to bed. 你应当在你睡觉前关灯。I want to watch TV, can I turn it on? 我想要看电视，我能开吗？Don’t forget to turn down the volume when you leave the room. 当你离开房间时，别忘了调低音量。He has turned down the letter. 他拒绝了信。Don't worry, it will turn up. 别担心，它会出现的。I can't hear the music clearly, please turn up the radio. 我听不清音乐，请把收音机声音调高。【即学即用】他转头看着他的妈妈。 He _______ ______ ______ around to look at his mother.( )2. The music is too noisy, please ______.turn it on B. turn in off C. turn it up D. turn it down 答案：1. turned his head 2. DStove (名词) 厨房炊具、炉子【用法讲解】 stove为可数名词，其复数形式为stoves。 Eg: The soup is on the stove -- it’ll be ready in ten minutes. 汤在炉灶上煮着 -- 十分钟后就好了。【常见搭配】 gas stove 燃气灶 Electric stove 电炉 Eg: We installed a new gas stove in the kitchen. 我们在厨房装了新燃气灶。An electric stove is safer if you have children at home. 如果家里有孩子，用电炉更安全。【即学即用】She cooks on the ________ (炉子) every morning for her family. 答案：stoveHappily (副词) 快乐地、高兴地【用法讲解】 happily在句中常用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。 Eg: The children played happily in the park. 孩子们在公园里快乐地玩耍。【派生词】 happy为形容词，译为“快乐的、幸福的”； happiness为名词，译为“幸福、快乐”。 Eg: She has a happy family. 她有一个幸福的家庭。Money doesn’t always bring happiness. 金钱并不总是带来快乐。 【常见搭配】be happy to do sth. 开心做某事 Be happy about/at sth. 对...高兴、开心 Be happy with sth. 对...满意 Eg: He was happy to be coming home. 他很高兴要回家了。We are happy at/about his letter. 收到他的信我们很开心。She is happy with this idea. 她对这个主意很满意。【即学即用】The baby laughed ________ (happy) when seeing his mother. 答案：happilyNo way 不可能、没门 Eg: -- Can you lend me your new car for the weekend? 你周末能把你的新车借给我吗？-- No way! I’m going on a road trip myself. 没门儿！我自己要去自驾游。【即学即用】他不可能在仅仅一天内完成这个庞大的项目。 There’s _______ _______ he can finish this huge project in just one day. 答案：no wayBurn (动词) 燃烧、着火【用法讲解】 burn作动词，还可译为“烧伤、感到灼热、晒黑、激起、消耗”，其过去式为burned/burnt；其过去分词为burned/ burnt；burn还可为名词，译为“烧伤、痕迹、烙印”。 Eg: The fire burned the old house to the ground. 大火把这座旧房子烧毁了。Be careful not to burn your hands on the hot stove. 小心别被热炉子烫伤手。My eyes burn from staring at the screen for too long. 我盯着屏幕太久了，眼睛感到灼热。The sun burned my skin during the beach vacation. 在海滩度假时，太阳把我的皮肤晒黑了。His words burned with anger. 他的话充满了愤怒。Exercise helps burn calories. 运动有助于消耗卡路里。He suffered severe burns in the accident. 他在事故中受了严重烧伤。There was a burn on the carpet from the cigarette. 地毯上有一个香烟留下的烧痕。【常见搭配】 burn down 烧毁、烧光 Burn out 燃尽 Burn off 通过运动消耗（能量、脂肪等） Burn with 充满（某种情感） Eg: The old building burned down in the fire. 那座旧建筑在大火中被烧毁了。The fire had burned out by morning. 到早上火已经燃尽了。He likes to burn off calories by running. 他喜欢通过跑步消耗卡路里。He burned with jealousy when he saw her with another man. 当他看到她和另一个男人在一起时，充满了嫉妒。【派生词】 burning为形容词，译为“燃烧的、强烈的”； burnable为形容词，译为“可燃的”； burnt为形容词，译为“烧焦的、晒伤的”。 Eg: A burning candle illuminated the room. 燃烧的蜡烛照亮了房间。She felt a burning desire to help others. 她有强烈的愿望去帮助别人。Paper and wood are burnable materials. 纸和木头是可燃材料。The toast was burnt to a crisp. 吐司烤得焦脆。His arms were burnt after a day in the sun. 他在太阳下晒了一整天，胳膊晒伤了。【即学即用】Which material b________ most cleanly?The firefighters entered the _________ (burn) building. 答案： 1. burns 2. burning On fire 着火、起火【用法讲解】 on fire也可用来形容人或事物充满激情。 Eg: The house is on fire! Call the fire department! 房子着火了！快叫消防队！She’s on fire with enthusiasm for her new project. 她对新项目充满热情。The singer was on fire during the concert, captivating the audience. 歌手在演唱会上表现出色，吸引了观众。His painting is on fire with vibrant colors and bold strokes. 他的画作色彩鲜艳、笔触大胆，充满活力。【即学即用】汽车在高速公路上突然起火了。 The car suddenly caught ______ _______ on the highway. 答案：on fireFlame (名词) 火焰【用法讲解】 flame为名词，还可译为“热情、激情”；flame还可为动词，译为“燃烧、高涨”。 Eg: The candle flame flickered in the gentle breeze. 蜡烛的火焰在微风中闪烁。The team played with great flame and determination. 这支球队带着极大的热情和决心比赛。The old logs flamed up brightly. 旧木柴剧烈地燃烧起来。The argument flamed up between them. 他们之间的争论激烈起来。【常见搭配】 in flame 着火、在燃烧 Flame out (飞机引擎)熄火、(计划、事业等)失败 A flame of hope/ love 一簇希望/爱的火焰 Eg: The building was in flames when the firemen arrived. 消防员到达时，大楼正在燃烧。The plane’s engine flamed out during the flight. 飞机在飞行过程中引擎熄火了。His business flamed out after a series of mistakes. 在一系列错误之后，他的生意失败了。His comments only fanned the flames of the argument. 他的评论只会加剧争论。【派生词】 flammable为形容词，译为“易燃的”。 Eg: This material is highly flammable -- keep it away from fire. 这种材料极易燃，请远离火源。【即学即用】The campfire’s ________ (火焰) died down as night fell. 答案：flamesPanic (名词) 恐慌、惊恐【用法讲解】 panic常作不可数名词使用；panic还可为动词，译为“（使）恐慌”，其过去式为panicked，过去分词为panicked；panic还可为形容词，译为“恐慌的”。 Eg: The crowd was in a panic when the fire broke out. 火宅发生时，人群陷入恐慌。She panicked at the sight of the snake. 她一看到蛇就惊慌起来。The panic expression on her face revealed her fear. 她脸上惊恐的表情透露出她的恐惧。【常见搭配】 no panic 冷静、别慌 Get into a panic 陷入恐慌状态 In (a) panic 恐慌的状态 Eg: No panic, we still have time. 别慌，我们还有时间。She got into a panic when she lost her keys. 她丢钥匙后惊慌失措。The children fled in panic. 孩子们惊慌逃窜。【派生词】 panicky为形容词，译为“易惊慌的”。 Eg: Her panicky behavior made it difficult for others to calm her down. 她紧张不安的行为使得其他人很难使她平静下来。【即学即用】Financial _________ (恐慌) swept through the market after the crash. 答案：panicOnto (介词) 向、朝【用法讲解】 onto还可译为“转移到、对...了解”等意。 Eg: She stepped onto the stage with confidence. 她自信地走上舞台。He transferred the data onto the new computer. 他把数据转移到新电脑上。The police are onto him. 警方已经盯上他了。【常见搭配】 come onto 进入市场、出现 Get onto 上车、进入（交通工具） Eg: New products come onto the market every month. 每月都有新产品上市。We got onto the bus and sat down. 我们上了公交车，坐到座位上。【即学即用】The cat jumped o_________ the table. 答案：ontoThrow (动词) 猛动身体、扔、抛【用法讲解】 throw其过去式为threw、过去分词为thrown。 Eg: He threw the ball to me. 他把球扔给了我。The pitcher threw a fastball. 投手投了一个快速球。【常见搭配】 throw at... 把某物投向... Throw away 扔掉、浪费 throw up 呕吐、建造 Throw in ... 额外加入、投入 Throw sb. up to... 反复责备某人 Eg: The angry protesters threw stones at the police. 愤怒的抗议者向警察投掷石块。 Don’t throw away your talent on a job that doesn’t challenge you. 不要把你的才能浪费在一份没有挑战性的工作上。 He threw up all night after eating the bad seafood. 他吃了坏海鲜后整晚都在呕吐。 She threw in a few extra ingredients to make the cake more flavorful. 她加了一些额外的配料，让蛋糕更加美味。 His parents are always throwing his mistakes up to him. 他的父母总是责备他的错误。【即学即用】把好的食物扔掉是浪费。 It is a waste to ________ _________ good food. 答案：throw awayRoll (动词) （使）翻滚、滚动【用法讲解】 roll作动词，还可译为“摇晃、卷起、行驶、掷骰子、摇晃”；roll还可为名词，译为“卷、面包卷、打滚、隆隆声”等。 Eg: The ball rolled down the hill. 球从山上滚了下来。The car rolled slowly along the road. 汽车在路上缓慢行驶。She rolled her eyes in disbelief. 她不相信地翻了翻白眼。He rolled the dice and waited for the result. 他掷了骰子，等待结果。I had a roll for breakfast. 我早餐吃了一个面包卷。The roll of thunder was deafening. 雷声滚滚，震耳欲聋。Please check the roll to see who is absent. 请点名查看谁缺席。【常见搭配】 roll out 展开/推出 Roll up 卷起/聚集 Roll in 大量涌入 Roll into 滚入/合并 Roll back 使退却/消减 Eg: The company rolled out a new software update. 公司发布了新软件更新。She rolled up her sleeves and started working. 她卷起袖子开始工作。Donations rolled in after the charity event. 慈善活动捐款源源不断。The two departments will roll into a single team. 两个部门将合并为一个团队。The government plans to roll back taxes on fuel. 政府计划消减燃油税。【派生词】 roller为名词，译为“滚筒”。 Eg: Her skirt was in rollers. 她的裙子用卷发筒卷着。【即学即用】R________ the paper tightly. 答案：rollQuick (形容词) 快的、迅速的；(副词) 迅速地、快速地 Eg: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. 那只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过了那只懒狗。He ran quick to catch the bus. 他快速跑去赶公交车。【常见搭配】 quick fix 临时解决方案 Quick thinking 快速反应能力 Quick temper 急脾气 Eg: This is only a quick fix; we need a permanent solution. 这只是临时解决方案，我们需要长期办法。His quick thinking saved the day. 他的快速反应扭转了局面。He has a quick temper and gets angry easily. 他脾气急，容易生气。【派生词】 quickly为副词，译为“快速地”。 Eg: The car moved quickly along the highway. 汽车在高速公路了上快速行驶。【易混辨析】 quick与fast区别： Quick侧重反应敏捷、动作迅速，常用来形容人或动作的敏捷性，也可形容时间短暂； fast主要强调速度高、运动快，常用来形容物体运动的速度。 Eg: She made a quick decision. 她很快做了决定。The car ran fast on the street. 汽车在街上快速行驶。【即学即用】We need a ________ (quickly) solution to this problem. 答案：quickBe about to 即将、正要（做某事） Eg: The plane is about to take off. Please fasten your seat belt. 飞机即将起飞，请系好安全带。【常见搭配】 be about to do sth. When... 正要做某事，这时... Eg: He was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door. 他正要上床睡觉，这时有人敲门。【即学即用】我正要离开，这时电话响了。 I ______ _______ _______ leave when the phone rang. 答案：was about toStop short 突然停住 Eg: He stopped short when he saw a snake in front of him. 他看到前面有一条蛇，突然停了下来。【常见搭配】 stop short of (doing) sth. 未到达...就停下来、险些做出某事 Eg: She stopped short of falling off the cliff. 她险些从悬崖上掉下去。【即学即用】汽车突然停下，以免撞到那只狗。 The car ________ _______ to avoid hitting the dog. 答案：stopped shortAid (名词/动词) 帮助、援助【用法讲解】 aid在表示抽象概念“帮助”时为不可数名词，表示具体事物“辅助工具”时为可数名词，其复数形式为aids。 Eg: The government provided financial aid to the flood victims. 政府向洪水灾民提供了经济援助。The software aids in data analysis. 该软件有助于数据分析。【常见搭配】 First aid 急救 With the aid of... 借助...的帮助 In aid of 为了帮助... Aid sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 Aid to do sth. 帮助去做某事 Eg: There are many emergencies which need prompt first aid treatment. 有很多紧急情况需要进行迅速的急救处理。With the aid of a dictionary, he translated the article. 借助字典，他翻译了这篇文章。They organized a concert in aid of the poor children. 他们组织了一场音乐会，以帮助贫困儿童。The teacher aided the students in understanding the concept. 老师帮助学生理解这个概念。The grant aided us to complete the project. 这笔拨款帮助我们完成了项目。【即学即用】对大三学生，我们也教生活技能，比如说急救。 For juniors, we also teach life skills such as _______ ______. 答案：first aidSafety (名词) 安全、安全处所【用法讲解】 safety常为不可数名词。 Eg: Safety rules were disregarded. 安全规则被忽视了。The company prioritizes employee safety. 公司优先考虑员工安全。【常见搭配】 safety belt/seat belt 安全带 In safety 处于安全状态 For safety 为了安全起见 With safety 安全地 Food safety 食品安全 Eg: Always wear your safety belt while driving. 当开车的时候请一直佩戴安全带。The hikers are now in safety. 徒步者现已安全。She locked the door for safety. 她为了安全锁了门。They crossed the road with safety. 他们安全地过了马路。Recent scandals have raised concerns about food safety. 近来关于食品安全的丑闻不断上升。【形容词】 safe为形容词，译为“安全的”；safely为副词，译为“安全地”。 Eg: This medicine is safe for children. 这种药对儿童安全。 The plane landed safely at last. 飞机最后安全着陆。【即学即用】We need to discuss the __________ (safe) of this plan. 答案：safetyExtinguisher (名词) 灭火器【用法讲解】 extinguisher为可数名词，其复数形式为extinguishers。 Eg: Every home should have a fire extinguisher in case of emergency. 每个家庭都应该配备灭火器，以防紧急情况。【派生词】 extinguish为动词，译为“熄灭”； extinguishable为形容词，译为“可熄灭的”。 Eg: The firefighters worked hard to extinguish the big fire in the forest. 消防员们努力扑灭森林里的大火。 The fire was extinguishable with water. 此火灾可用水扑灭。【即学即用】Do you know how to use a fire __________ (灭火器)? 答案：extinguisherEat out 上馆子吃饭、在外用餐 Eg: We eat out every Friday. 我们每周五外出吃饭。We ate out at a new Italian restaurant. 我们在一家新开的意大利餐厅吃了饭。I ate out with my friends yesterday. 我昨天和朋友们出去吃了饭。【易混辨析】 eat out与take out区别： Eat out常指外出去餐馆内用餐； Take out常指打包带走食物。【即学即用】会议期间我们出去吃，节省时间。 We _______ ________ during the conference to save time. 答案：ate outTonight (副词) 在今晚；(名词) 今夜、今晚【用法讲解】 tonight为副词时，常作时间状语；作名词时可作主语、宾语等。 Eg: We are going to the movies tonight. 我们今晚要去看电影。Tonight will be cold. 今晚会很冷。Let’s meet tonight. 我们今晚见吧。【即学即用】The weather forecast says it will rain t_________. 答案：tonightSadly (副词) 伤心地、令人遗憾【用法讲解】 sadly在句中常位于句首，用来修饰整个句子，也可位于动词前后修饰动词。 Eg: Sadly, she missed the flight. 遗憾的是，她错过了航班。She smiled sadly at the news. 她听到这个消息 后悲伤地笑了。【常见搭配】 sadly to say 遗憾地说 Sadly for sb. 对某人来说不幸的是 Eg: Sadly to say, the project has failed. 遗憾地说，项目失败了。Sadly for him, he didn’t get the job. 对他来说不幸的是，他没得到这份工作。【派生词】 sad为形容词，译为“悲伤的”。 Eg: She is a sad person. 她是个悲伤的人。【即学即用】They hugged ______ (sad) at the airport. 答案：sadlySmoke (名词) 烟；(动词) 吸烟、冒烟【用法讲解】 smoke为不可数名词。 Eg: There is a lot of smoke coming from the chimney. 从烟囱里冒出很多烟。He smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. 他一天抽一包香烟。【常见搭配】 no smoke without fire 无风不起浪 A puff of smoke 一缕烟 Smoke alarm 烟雾报警器 Eg: There are rumors about him, and no smoke without fire. 有关于他的谣言，无风不起浪嘛。The train disappeared in a puff of smoke. 火车消失在一缕烟中。The smoke alarm went off when she burned the toast. 她烤焦面包中烟雾报警器响了。【派生词】 smoky为形容词，译为“烟雾弥漫的、烟熏味的”； smoker为名词，译为“吸烟者”。 Eg: The smoky flavor of the barbecue was delicious. 烧烤的烟熏味很美味。 Many public places have banned smokers. 许多公共场所禁止吸烟者进入。【即学即用】The s________ from the fire was visible from miles away. 答案：smokeUnfortunately (副词) 不幸地、可惜地【用法讲解】 unfortunately在句中常位于句首，用来修饰整个句子，也可位于动词前后修饰动词。 Eg: Unfortunately, the flight was delayed. 不幸的是，航班延误了。 The package arrived, unfortunately damaged. 包裹送到了，但不幸的是损坏了。【常见搭配】 end unfortunately 以不幸收场 Eg: Their vacation ended unfortunately with a lost passport. 他们的假期以丢失护照的不幸结局告终。【派生词】 unfortunate为形容词，译为“不幸的”； fortunately为副词，译为“幸运地”。 Eg: It’s an unfortunate situation. 这是个不幸的情况。Fortunately, I had backup copies of the files. 幸运的是，我有文件的备份。【即学即用】__________ (fortunate), the rescue efforts were hampered by bad weather. 答案：Unfortunately Luckily (副词) 幸运地【用法讲解】luckily可位于句首修饰整个句子。 Eg: Luckily, I found my lost keys just in time. 幸好我及时找到了丢失的钥匙。【派生词】 luck为名词，译为“幸运”； Lucky为形容词，译为“幸运的”。 Eg: Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 You are so lucky. 你真幸运。【常见搭配】 good luck 好运 Lucky day 幸运日 Lucky dog 幸运儿 Eg: It’s really a lucky day for me. 今天对我来说真是幸运的一天。 You are lucky dog. 你事幸运儿。【即学即用】__________ (Luck), she passed the exam. 答案：LuckilyBadly (副词) 严重地【用法讲解】 badly在句中常用来修饰动词或形容词。 Eg: She sang badly in the competition. 她在比赛中唱得很糟糕。I’m badly hurt. 我受伤很重要。【派生词】 bad为形容词，译为“坏的、糟糕的、严重的”。 Eg: This i s a bad idea. 这是个坏主意。I feel bad about missing the meeting. 我为错过会议而感到糟糕。【即学即用】 I hurt my ankle ________ (bad) while playing football. 答案：badlyHarm (名词/动词) 伤害、损害【用法讲解】harm为名词，译为“伤害”；harm也可为动词，译为“对..有害”。 Eg: Hard work never did anyone any harm. 努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。Pollution can harm marine life. 污染会危及海洋生物。【常见搭配】 do harm to sb. 对某人有害 Eg: He did harm to me intentionally. 他故意对我造成伤害。【派生词】 harmful为形容词，译为“有害的”。 Eg: Harmful chemicals were released into the air. 有害化学物质被释放到空气中。【常见搭配】 be harmful to do sth. 对...有害 It is harmful to do sth. 做某事是有害的 Eg: Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。It is harmful to drink too much alcohol. 喝太多的酒有害。【即学即用】躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。 Reading bed will _______ _______ _______ your eyes.Tears help to protect the eye from potentially ________ (harm) foreign bodies. 答案：1. do harm to 2. harmfulPill (名词) 药丸、药片【用法讲解】 pill为可数名词，其复数形式为pills。 Eg: You should take this pill three times a day after meals. 你应该饭后一天吃三次这种药。【常见搭配】 take a pill 吃药 A bottle of pills 一瓶药 Eg: I need to take a pill for my cold. 我需要吃一片治感冒的药。She bought a bottle of pills at the pharmacy. 她在药店买了一瓶药。【易混辨析】 tablet、capsule与pill区别： Tablet特指通过压制形成的扁平方形药片； capsule指胶囊（外壳为明胶、内含粉末或液体）； pill通用性强，强调药物形态（圆形/椭圆形固体）。 Eg: a paracetamol tablet 扑热息痛片剂A vitamin capsule 维生素胶囊An aspirin pill 阿司匹林药丸【即学即用】The doctor prescribed some p________ for my cough. 答案：pillsPainful (形容词) 疼痛的、令人痛苦的【用法讲解】 painful在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: She felt a painful sting when the bee bit her. 蜜蜂蛰她时，她感到一阵剧痛。My tooth feels painful. 我的牙很痛。【常见搭配】 painful (to do sth.) 做某事很痛苦（强调动作的困难或不适） Painful for + 人称 强调对特定对象的负面影响 Be in pain 处于痛苦之中（身体或情感上） Eg: It’s painful to watch him struggle. 看着他挣扎很痛苦。The delay was painful for the team. 延误对团队造成了困扰。She was in great pain after the accident. 事故发生后，她痛苦不堪。【派生词】 painfully为副词，译为“痛苦地、非常”； pain为名词，译为“疼痛”；pain也可为动词，译为“使疼痛”。 Eg: He looked at me painfully. 他痛苦地看着我。The problem is painfully obvious. 这个问题非常明显。The pain in his leg made it difficult for him to walk. 他腿上的疼痛使他走路很困难。His rude words pained his friends. 他粗鲁的话让朋友们很烦恼。【常见搭配】 in pain 处于痛苦之中 Take pains to do sth. 煞费苦心地做某事 Spare no pains to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 Eg: The injured man was lying in pain on the ground. 受伤的男子痛苦地躺在地上。She took pains to make sure everyone was comfortable at the party. 她煞费苦心地确保派对上的每个人都感到舒适。The teacher spared no pains to help the students improve their grades. 老师不遗余力地帮助学生提高成绩。【即学即用】Losing the game taught us a ___________ (pain) lesson. 答案：painfulLie (动词) 平躺、平放【用法讲解】 lie作动词译为“平躺”等时，其过去式为lay，过去分词为lain；lie作动词，译为“说谎”时过去式为lied，过去分词为lied；lie还可作名词，译为“谎言”。 Eg: The cat is lying on the floor. 猫躺在地板上。He lied about his grades. 他撒谎了关于他的成绩。He told a lie to cover up his mistake. 他撒谎来掩盖他的错误。【常见搭配】 tell a lie 说谎 Lie to sb. 对某人说话 Lie down 躺下 Lie in bed 躺在床上 The lie of the land 形势、局势 Eg: You shouldn’t tell a lie. 你不应该说谎。 Don’t lie to me! 别对我说谎！Let me lie down for a rest. 让我躺下休息一会儿。He was lying in bed, sound asleep. 他正躺在床上，睡得很香。Before making a decision, we need to know the lie of the land. 在做决定之前，我们需要了解局势。【即学即用】我累了。我需要躺一会儿休息一下。 I’m tired. I need to ________ _______ for a while.( )2. He _______ a layer of hay in the field. 答案： 1. lie down 2. DHit (动词) 碰撞、击、打；(名词) 打、击、击中【用法讲解】 hit为动词，还可译为“突然想起、完成”等；hit作名词，还可译为“成功的事物”。 Eg: The car hit the tree. 车子撞到了树上。The idea hit me when I woke up this morning. 今天早晨醒来时我突然想到了一个主意。The town was hit by a severe flood. 这个小镇遭受了严重的洪水。The temperature hit 30 degrees Celsius today. 今天的温度达到了30摄氏度。The movie was one of the biggest hits of the year. 这部电影是当年最卖座的作品之一。【常见搭配】 hit sb. on/ in the + 身体部位 击中某人的某个身体部位 Hit sth. with sth. 用某物击打某物 Hit it off 相处融洽 Eg: The thief hit the police officer on the shoulders. 这个窃贼打中了警察的肩膀。He hit the ball with a bat. 他用球棒打了那个球。We hit it off right away. 我们一见面就很投缘。【易混辨析】 beat与hit区别： Beat强调有节奏地、连续地击打，常与鼓、心脏等搭配，也可表示在比赛中打败对手； hit侧重于一次性的、有力的击打，对象可以是各种事物。 Eg: The drummer beats the drum regularly. 鼓手有节奏地敲鼓。He hit the ball hard. 他用力击球。【即学即用】He ________(hit) the nail with the hammer. 答案：hitShock (名词) 震惊、令人震惊的事；(动词) 使震惊、使惊愕【用法讲解】 shock作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为shocks。 Eg: It was a shock to discover the truth. 发现真相令人震惊。The scandal shocked the community. 丑闻震惊了整个社区。【常见搭配】 in shock 处于震惊状态、休克 Shock troops 突击部队 Be shocked at/ by sth. 因某事感到震惊 Cultural shock 文化冲击 Eg: After hearing the bad news, she was in shock for a long time. 听到这个坏消息后，她长期处于震惊状态。The shock troops were sent to the front line to launch a surprise attack. 突击部队被派往前线发动突袭。I was shocked at how much weight he had lost. 我对他瘦了这么多感到震惊。Many travelers experience cultural shock when visiting foreign countries. 许多游客在国外会经历文化冲击。【派生词】 shocking为形容词，译为“令人震惊的”（修饰物）； Shocked为形容词，译为“感到震惊的”（修饰人）。 Eg: The results revealed a shocking truth. 结果揭示了一个骇人的真相。The shocked crowd gathered around the accident site. 震惊的人群聚集在事故现场。【即学即用】 She reacted with _______ (震惊) to the sudden proposal.I was _________ (shock) at the sight of the accident. 答案：1. shock 2. shockedBleed (动词) 流血、出血【用法讲解】 bleed作动词，还可译为“渗出、榨取”，其过去式为bled，其过去分词为bled。 Eg: He bled profusely from the wound. 他伤口大量出血。The ink bled through the paper. 墨水渗到了纸的背面。The corrupt official bled the company dry. 那个贪官把公司的钱财榨干了。【常见搭配】 bleed off 放掉（液体、气体等）、逐渐减弱 Bleed through 渗色、显现出来 Bleed into 逐渐影响 Eg: Bleed off the excess air from the tire. 放掉轮胎里多余的空气。The enthusiasm for the project began to bleed off. 对这个项目的热情开始逐渐减弱。His past mistakes are bleeding through in his current behavior. 他过去的错误在他现在的行为中显现出来了。Her personal life bled into her work. 她的个人生活逐渐影响了工作。【派生词】 bleeding为形容词，译为“流血的”；blood为名词，译为“血液”。 Eg: Look at the bleeding cut on her arm. 看她手臂上流血的伤口。Blood tests are essential for diagnosing diseases. 血液检查对诊断疾病至关重要。【即学即用】The soldier _________ (blood) heavily on the battlefield. 答案：bledCheck (动词) 检查、查明；(名词) 检查、调查【用法讲解】 check作名词时，还可译为“支票”，其复数形式为checks。 Eg: Please check your answers before submitting the exam. 请在提交试卷前核对答案。You always have to go through security checks at the airport. 你总是要在机场通过安全检查。I wrote a check for the purchase of a new car. 我开了一张支票用于购买新车。【常见搭配】 check in 报到、登记 Check out 结账离开、检验 Check over 仔细检查 Eg: We need to check in by 6 pm. 我们需要在下午6点前办理入住手续。They checked out this morning. 他们今天早上办理了退房手续。The doctor checked over the patient’s condition. 医生仔细检查了病人的病情。【即学即用】C________ your answers before handing in the paper. 答案：CheckTight (形容词) 疼痛的、憋气的、紧的、牢固的【用法讲解】 tight作形容词，还可译为“严格的、拮据的”；tight还可为副词，译为“紧紧地”。 Eg: The lid is too tight. I can’t open it. 这个盖子太紧了，我打不开。The company has a tight security system. 这家公司有严格的安全系统。Our schedule is pretty tight today. 我们今天的日程安排相当紧张。The two teams have a tight relationship. 这两支队伍关系很密切。He held the baby tight in his arms. 他把婴儿紧紧地抱在怀里。【用法讲解】 be tight with sb. 与某人关系亲密 Eg: I’m tight with my best friend from college. 我和大学最好的朋友关系很亲密。【派生词】 tightly为副词，译为“紧紧地”。 Eg: She closed the door tightly behind her. 她紧紧地关上了身后的门。【即学即用】These jeans feel _______ (紧的) around the waist. 答案：tight Peanut (名词) 花生【用法讲解】 peanut为可数名词，其复数形式为peanuts，也可表示“微不足道的人/物”。 Eg: Peanuts are rich in protein. 花生富含蛋白质。Don’t be a peanut in the team. Try to show your abilities. 不要在团队里做个微不足道的人。试着展示你的能力。【常见搭配】 peanuts (as) payment 微薄的薪水 Eg: He works hard but gets only peanuts as payment. 他工作很努力，但报酬却极少。【即学即用】The little boy is eating _________ (花生) happily. 答案：peanutsNervously (副词) 紧张不安地【用法讲解】 nervously在句中常用来修饰动词。 Eg: He nervously glanced around the room. 他紧张地环顾房间。【派生词】 nervous为形容词，译为“紧张的、焦急的”。 Eg: I always feel nervous before an exam. 考试前我总是感到紧张。 （作表语）He is a nervous person and gets worried easily. 他是个容易紧张的人，很容易担心。（作定语）【常见搭配】 be nervous about ... 对...感到紧张 Make sb. nervous 使某人紧张 Eg: She is nervous about flying. 她对坐飞机感到紧张。The loud noise made me nervous. 那巨大的噪音让我紧张。【即学即用】The students __________ (nervous) flipped through their notes before the final exam.他对工作面试感到紧张。 He was ________ _______ the job interview. 答案：1. nervously 2. nervous about Allergic (形容词) 过敏的【用法讲解】 allergic在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为“对...极讨厌的”。 Eg: Some children are allergic to certain antibiotics. 一些孩子对某些抗生素过敏。He's allergic to conflict and always tries to avoid arguments. 他极度反感冲突，总是尽量避免争吵。【常见搭配】 be allergic to sth. 对...过敏、对...极讨厌 Have an allergic reaction 产生过敏反应 Eg: I’m allergic to peanuts, so I always check food labels carefully. 我对花生过敏，因此总是仔细检查食品标签。She had an allergic reaction after eating the nuts. 她吃了坚果后产生了过敏反应。【派生词】 allergy为名词，译为“过敏”； allergens为名词，译为“过敏原”。 Eg: He has a food allergy. 他有食物过敏症。Dust mites are common allergens. 尘螨是常见过敏原。【即学即用】病人对青霉素过敏，医生开了替代药物。 The patient ______ _________ ______ penicillin and was given an alternative drug. 答案：is allergic toFrom now on 从现在起 Eg: From now on, I will try my best to exercise every day to keep healthy. 从现在起，我会尽我最大的努力每天锻炼来保持健康。【即学即用】从现在起，我会课前预习、课后复习功课。 ______ ______ ______, I will preview the lessons before class and review them after class. 答案：From now on课文解析Section A What should we do when we don’t feel well ?Stay healthy 保持健康【用法讲解】 healthy为形容词，译为“健康的”，在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: She is very healthy. 她很健康。An apple is a kind of healthy fruit. 苹果是一种健康的水果。【常见搭配】 keep healthy = keep fit = stay healthy 保持健康。 Eg: To keep healthy, she does exercise every day. 为了保持健康，她每天锻炼。【派生词】 health为名词，译为“健康”。 unhealthy为形容词，译为“不健康的”【常见搭配】 in good health 身体健康 In bad health 身体不健康 Eg: She is in good health. = She is healthy. 她身体很健康。【即学即用】定期锻炼可以帮助你保持健康。 Regular exercise can help you ________ ________. 答案： keep/ stay healthyWhat’s wrong, David? 你怎么了，大卫？【用法讲解】 句式“What’s wrong with ...?”译为“...怎么了？/...出了什么事？”；其同义句为“What’s the matter with...”。 Eg: What’s wrong with your bike? It’s making a strange noise. 你的自行车怎么了？它发出奇怪的声音。【即学即用】妈妈，电视怎么了？没有画面了。 Mum, _______ _______ ______ the TV? It has no picture. 答案：what’s wrong withI have a stomachache. 我胃疼。【用法讲解】 表示身体疼痛的方式：“have + 身体部位 + ache” = “have a sore + 身体部位” = “have a pain in/ on ...” = “There is something wrong with...” Eg: I have a toothache. 我牙疼。I have a sore arm. 我胳膊疼。I have a pain in my leg. 我腿疼。There is something wrong with my hand. 我手疼。【即学即用】我的奶奶后背疼。 My grandma ______ _______ ________. 答案：has a backacheI couldn’t help myself? 我控制不住自己。【用法讲解】 “couldn’t help (doing) sth.”译为“忍不住（做）某事”，常与过去时连用，其原形为“can’t help (doing) sth.”。 Eg: When I heard the sand news, I couldn’t help feeling sad. 当我听到这个悲伤的消息时，我忍不住感到难过。【即学即用】当我在商店里看到这条漂亮的裙子时，忍不住买了下来。 I _______ ______ _______ that beautiful dress when I saw it in the store. 答案：couldn’t help buyingI’m sorry to hear that. 听到这很抱歉。【用法讲解】 hear在此处为动词，译为“听见、听说”，其过去式为heard。 Eg: I can hear the music in the background. 我能听到背景音乐。【常见搭配】 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事（全过程） Hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事（部分） Hear of sth. 听说... Hear from sb. 收到某人来信 Eg: We often hear him sing in the park. 我们经常听见他在公园里唱歌。I heard her singing a song when I passed the room. 当我路过房间时，我听见她在唱歌。I have heard about his success in business. 我听说他在生意上成功了。I haven’t heard from my parents for a long time. 我很久没有收到父母的来信了。【即学即用】I heard someone ________ (call) my name. 答案：calling Did you bite something hard? 你咬硬的东西了吗？【用法讲解】 bite作动词，还可译为“击败、吸引注意力、感到刺激、伤害”等，其过去式为bit。 Eg: The dog bit the bone in half. 狗把骨头咬成了两半。Our team really bit into their opponents during the second half of the game.在下半场比赛中，我们队击败了对手。The book really bites into your imagination. 这本书真的很能激发你的想象力。The wind really bit into my face as I walked home. 我回家时，风真的吹的我脸上生疼。His words really bit into her self - esteem. 他的话真的伤害了她的自尊心。【常见搭配】 bite back 忍住不说、抑制住（眼泪、愤怒等） Bite down 用力咬住（某物） Bite sb. on/ in the 身体部位 咬某人的某个部位 Eg: She had to bite back her tears when she heard the bad news. 听到这个坏消息时，她不得不忍住泪水。He bit down hard on the apple. 他用力咬了一口苹果。The dog bit him in the leg. 狗咬了他的腿。【即学即用】The dog ________ (bite) the postman yesterday. 答案：bitI guess I didn’t drink enough water. 我猜我没有喝足够多的水。【用法讲解】 enough在此处为副词，译为“充分地”，通常放在形容词或副词之后；enough也可作形容词，译为“足够的”，放在名词前作定语。 Eg: He is tall enough to play basketball. 他足够高可以打篮球。We have enough time to finish the work. 我们有足够的时间来完成这项工作。【常见搭配】 be + 形容词 + enough + for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事... Eg: The book is easy enough for you to read. 这本书对你来说很容易读。【即学即用】( )1. Mike is only 15 years old. He is not ______ to get a driver’s license.old enough B. enough old C. young enough D. enough young答案： AI fell off my bike! 我从自行车上摔倒了。【用法讲解】 fall作动词时，译为“进入（某状态）、落下、掉落”，其过去式为fell，过去分词为fallen；fall还可以作名词，为美式英语中的“秋天”，autumn为英式英语中的“秋天”。 Eg: The leaves begin to fall when autumn comes. 树叶在秋天开始落下。It's very slippery. You’ll fall. 地面很滑，你会跌倒的。No one knows why the house prices have fallen. 没人直到为什么房价下跌了。【用法讲解】 fall down 跌倒、落下 Fall ill 生病 Fall asleep 入睡、睡着 Fall rain 秋雨 Eg: She accidentally fell down the stairs. 她不小心从楼梯上摔下来了。He fell ill after eating the contaminated food. 他吃了被污染的食物后生病了。He fell asleep while reading the book. 他在读书时睡着了。The fall rain made the streets wet and slippery. 秋雨让街道变得潮湿光滑。【即学即用】我真的很担心我的学习落后了。 I’m really worried that I’m ________ ________ in my studies. 答案：falling behindDo you think I broke my nose? 你觉得我鼻子碎了吗？【用法讲解】 break为动词，译为“破碎、违反、打断”，其过去式为broke，过去分词为broken；break还可为名词，译为“休息”，相当于rest；。 Eg: The dish fell to the floor and broken. 碟子掉到地上摔碎了。She broke her promise to me. 她违背了对我的诺言。We usually break for lunch at 12:30. 我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。 I thought a 15 min break from his work would do him good. 我想他停下工作休息15分钟对他会有好处。【常见搭配】 have a break 休息break down 出故障、分解 Break in 强行进入、打断 Break out 爆发 Break up 结束关系、解散 Eg: I must have a break. 我必须休息一下。The machine has broken down. 机器出故障了。 Someone is trying to break in. 有人试图强行进入。 A fire broke out in the building. 大楼里发生了火宅。 They decided to break up. 他们决定分手。【即学即用】学校里孩子们有课间休息。 The children ______ ______ _______ between classes at school.( )2. When the war _______, thousands fled the city.broke up B. broke down C. broke in D. broke out 答案：1. have a break 2. DYou could get some rest for now. 你现在应该休息。【用法讲解】 Rest在此处为名词，译为“休息”，还可译为“剩余”；rest也可作动词，译为“休息”。【常见搭配】 take/ have a rest 休息 the rest of + 名词 剩下的 （作主语时谓语动词取决于后面的名词） Eg: You look tired. Why don’t you take a rest? 你看上去很累。为什么不休息一下呢？ The rest of the team is waiting for us. 队伍中的其他人正在等我们。 The rest of the eggs are yours. 剩下的鸡蛋是你的。 I’m tired, and I want to rest. 我累了，我想休息。 【即学即用】( )1. The rest of the students ______ in the classroom.be B. am C. is D. are你已经工作两天了，最好休息一下。You have already worked for two days, you’d better _____ ______ _______.答案：1. D 2. have/ take a restWhen I tried to get out of bed, I almost fell and hurt myself. 我起床的时候，差点摔倒伤了自己。【用法讲解】 Try为动词，译为“尝试、试图”；try也可为名词，译为“尝试、努力”。【常见搭配】 try to do sth. 努力做某事 Try doing sth. 尝试做某事 Try ... on 试穿... Try out 试验、试用 Try one’s best to do sth. 尽全力做某事 Have a try 试一试 Eg: He tried to finish the work before the deadline. 他在截止日期前尽力完成工作。 I want to try swimming. 我想尝试游泳。 Can I try on these shoes? 我可以试穿这些鞋子吗？ They are trying out a new software program. 他们正在使用一款新的软件程序。 I will try my best to meet the deadline. 我会尽全力在截至日期前完成。 Why not have a try and see if you can do it? 为什么不试一试看看你能否做到呢？【即学即用】Everyone must try his best __________ (finish) the task on time. 答案：to finish If you take good care of yourself, you’ll get better soon. 如果你照顾好自己，你很快会好。【用法讲解】 take care还可译为“照顾、当心、关注”。 Eg: Take care on your way home. 你在回家的路上要保重。My grandmother takes care of the garden all by herself. 我的祖母独自照料花园。Take care! There’s a broken glass on the floor. 小心！地板上有个碎玻璃。Parents should take care of their children’s emotional needs. 父母应该关注孩子的情感需求。【用法讲解】 care可作动词，译为“关心、愿意”；care也可为名词，译为“关心、照顾、忧虑”。【常见搭配】 care for ... 喜欢、关心或照顾 Care about ... 关心、挂念 Take care of... 照顾 = look after Eg: She cares for her plants like they’re her children. 她像照顾孩子一样照顾她的植物。We should care about the environment. 我们应该关心环境。Can you take care of my cat while I’m away? 我离开的时候你能照顾一下我的猫吗？【派生词】 careful为形容词，译为“小心的、仔细的、认真的”； careless为形容词，译为“粗心的”【常见搭配】 be careful with ... 小心... Be careful in doing sth. 做某事时要小心 Be careful to do sth. 小心做某事 Eg: Please be careful with your things. 请小心保管你的东西。Be careful in crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。He is careful to read every sentence. 他小心翼翼地读每一个句子。She is so careless that she didn’t pass the exam. 她如此粗心以至于没有通过考试。【即学即用】( )1. He doesn’t care ______ the result of the exam. He just wants to have a good time.with B. for C. about D. at2. Be _______ (care) when you cross the road. There are many cars.3. 保重，祝你旅途愉快。 ________ _______ and have a good trip. 答案： 1. C 2. careful 3. Take careYou should also talk to your friends instead of sending them message. 你也应该和你的朋友聊天而不是给他们发信息。【用法讲解】 message为可数名词，其复数形式为messages，译为“消息、通知”；message还可为动词，译为“通知、报信”等。 Eg: I received several messages this morning. 我今天早上收到了几条消息。He messages me to tell the news. 他给我发消息来告诉我这个消息。What is the message of the book? 这本书的中心思想是什么？【常见搭配】 short message 短信 Receive a message 收短信 Send a message 传递信息 Leave a message 留言 Eg: I’ll send you a short message later. 我稍后会给你发一条短信。Their success sends a message that hard work pays off. 他们成功传递了努力工作会有回报的信息。Would you like to leave a message for her? 你想给他留个言吗？【易混辨析】 Message、information与news的区别：Information (不可数名词) “信息；消息”常指通过观察、学习、调查或交谈所获得的消息、情报及资料等。在表示信息数量时，可以用“数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词”的结构，也可用some/much/a little等修饰。Message (可数名词)“消息；电报”；常指口头、书面、无线电等多种渠道传送的信息等。News (不可数名词) “新闻”；常指通过电视、报纸、广播等新闻媒体向大众发布的各种最新消息。Eg: You can search for the information on the Internet. 你可以在网上搜寻信息。 I can leave a message for you. 我可以为你捎个口信。 I have got good news for you. 我有好消息告诉你。【即学即用】( )1. We can use mobile phones to send _______.message B. messages C. information D. news答案： BSection B How should we stay safe?Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken. 然后它打开炉子加热油然后去准备鸡肉【用法讲解】 leave为动词，译为“使处于某种状态”，其后常接形容词、副词、介词短语、动词ing形式或过去分词作宾语补足语；leave也可译为“留下、遗落、离开”等，其过去式为left。 Eg: Leave the door open. 让门开着吧。Tom, don’t leave water running. 汤姆，不要让水一直流。His parents died, only leaving him a house. 他的父母去世了，只留给他一栋房子。She left her homework at home. 她把家落在家里了。She will leave Beijing tomorrow. 她明天离开北京。【易混辨析】 leave与forget区别：Leave侧重于“把某物遗留在某地”，强调是在动作发生之后，物体被留在原本不该留的地方。forget侧重于“记不起、忘记”，强调的是大脑中的记忆缺失。 Eg: I left my book on the bus. 我把书落在公交车上了。 I forgot my wallet. 我忘记带钱包了。【即学即用】( )1. -- I’m sorry I ______ my exercise book at home. -- Don’t forget ______ it to school tomorrow, please.forgot; to take B. left; to bring C. forgot; to bring D. left; to take答案： BThey both rushed back into the kitchen. 他们都冲回到厨房。【用法讲解】 both作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 both作主语时，常与名词或代词连用； Eg: Both Tom and Jerry are cartoon characters. 汤姆和杰瑞都是卡通人物。 Both作宾语时，常放在动词之后； Eg:I like both pizza and pasta. 我喜欢披萨和意大利面。 both作定语时，可放在名词前，修饰复数名词，表示“两个都”； Eg: I have a friend who is both a doctor and a lawyer. 我有一个既是医生又是律师的朋友。 Both作同位语时，放在be动词或行为动词之前。 Eg: They are both from Australia. 他们两人都是澳大利亚人。【常见搭配】 both A and B 两者都 Both of ... ...两个 Eg: She can speak both English and French. 她即会说英语也会说法语。Both of them are not right. 两者都不是正确的。【易混辨析】 both, either和neither相同点：均用于两个人或物不同点：both指“两者都”常与and连用。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。either指“两者中的任意一个”，通常与or连用。作主语时，谓语动词通常用临近原则。neither指“两者中没有一个（全否定）”通常与nor连用。做主语时，谓语动词通常用临近原则。Eg: Both Lily and Lucy are from America. 丽丽和露西都来自美国。Either tea or coffee is OK. 或者茶或者咖啡都可以。Neither tea nor coffee is OK. 茶和咖啡都不可以。( )1. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world - famous sports stars. ______ of them are the pride of China.Both B. Neither C. All D. None 答案： AHe put out the fire by rolling on the ground. 他通过在地上打滚灭火。【用法讲解】 put out还可译为“扑灭、出版发行内容、造成他人困扰”等。 Eg: The firemen quickly put out the fire. 消防员迅速扑灭了火灾。He put out his hand to shake mine. 他伸出他的手来和我握手。The company put out a new book last month. 上个月这家公司出版了一本新书。I’m sorry to put you out, but could you help me with this box? 很抱歉打扰你，但你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？【put常见搭配】 put down 放下 Put on 穿上 Put off 推迟 Put up 张贴、搭建 Put away 放好 Eg: After two rings, I put down the phone. 响了两声后，我放下了电话。He put on his coat and went to work. 他穿上外套去上班。We decided to put off the meeting because of the weather. 由于天气原因，我们决定推迟会议。He put up some posts on the wall. 他把一些海报贴在墙上。Please put away your toys after playing. 玩完之后请把玩具收好。【即学即用】( )1. It took two hours to _________ the fire.put up B. put out C. put off D. put away答案： BThanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school. 多亏他在学校上的急救安全课。【用法讲解】 thanks to译为“多亏、由于”，后常接名词、代词或动名词。 Eg: Thanks to your help, I finished the project on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我按时完成了项目。【知识拓展】 thanks for ... 为...而感谢 Eg: Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。【易混辨析】 thanks to与because of区别 Thanks to通常带有一种积极的、感谢的意味； Because of更中性，有时可能带有负面的意味。 Eg: Thanks to your advice, I avoided a big mistake. 对亏你的建议，我避免了打错。 Because of the bad weather, we had to cancel our plans. 由于天气不好，我们不得不取消计划。【即学即用】多亏了她的努力工作，她得到晋升。 _______ _______ her hard work, she got the promotion. 答案： Thanks toJames followed Allen into the living room. 詹姆斯跟着艾伦走进客厅。【用法讲解】 follow作动词，也可译为“跟随、理解、听懂”。 Eg: She followed him out of the room. 她跟着他离开了房间。Please follow the instructions carefully. 请仔细遵循指示。I’m not following you. Could you explain that again? 我不懂你的意思。你能再解释一遍吗？【常见搭配】 follow up 跟进 Follow through 坚持到底 Follow the rules 遵守规则 Eg: He needs to follow up on that project. 他需要跟进那个项目。She decided to follow through with her plan. 她决定坚持到底实行她的计划。We must follow the school rules. 我们必须遵守学校规则。【派生词】 follower为名词，译为“跟随者”； following为形容词，译为“下列的、接下来的”。 Eg: His follower is very loyal. 他的追随者非常忠诚。 The following comrades will stay. 下列同志请留下。【即学即用】The dog f_________ its owner everywhere. 答案：followedJulie invited Mark and Lucy to her house for lunch. 朱丽叶邀请马克和露西去她家吃午饭。【用法讲解】 invite为动词，译为“邀请”。【常见搭配】 invite sb. to 地点 邀请某人去某地 Invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 Eg: He invited me to her home. 他邀请我去她家。 They invited her to go for a walk. 他们邀请她一起去散步。 【派生词】 invitation为名词，译为“邀请”。 Eg: I got an invitation from my best friend to her birthday party. 我收到我最好朋友生日派对的邀请。【即学即用】I have an open ________ (invite) to visit my friend in America.She invited me _________ (have) dinner this evening. 答案： 1. invitation 2. to have They ordered pizza, salad, and juice. 他们点了披萨、沙拉和果汁。【用法讲解】order作名词，可译为“订单、顺序”；order作动词，也可译为“命令、订购”等。 Eg: The books are arranged in alphabetical order. 这些书按字母顺序排列。I placed an order for a new computer. 我订购了一台新电脑。The doctor ordered the patient to rest. 医生命令病人休息。I ordered 500 pairs of shoes from the factory. 我向这家工厂订购了500双鞋。【常见搭配】 Out of order 故障或不正常 In order to do sth. （=so that) 为了做某事 Eg: The printer is out of order. 这台打印机坏了。 I study hard in order to get a good job. = I study hard so that I can get a good job.我努力学习是为了找到好工作。【即学即用】为了提高英语，我已经开始了英语课程。 I have started an English course ______ _______ ______ improve my English. 答案： in order to What causes this health problem? 什么导致了健康问题？【用法讲解】 cause为动词，译为“使发生、造成、导致”；cause作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为causes，还可译为“原告、事业、原因、理由”。 Eg: The cause of the accident is still unknown. 事故的原因仍然不明。The plaintiff is the cause in a civil lawsuit. 在民事诉讼中，原告是诉因方。She devoted her life to the cause of education. 她把自己的一生奉献给了教育事业。Smoking can cause many health problems. 吸烟会导致许多健康问题。The war caused great suffering to the people. 战争给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。【常见搭配】 root cause 根本原因 Main cause 主要原因 Cause sb. sth. 给某人带来某种影响 Cause sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 In the cause of ... 为了...的目的 Eg: Identifying the root cause is crucial for solving the problem. 找出根本原因对解决问题至关重要。Pollution is a major cause of climate change. 污染是气候变化的主要原因。The news caused her great joy. 这个消息让她非常高兴。His speech caused the audience to applaud. 他的演讲使观众鼓掌。They fought in the cause of freedom. 他们为了自由的目的而战。【即学即用】The c________ of the fire was a faulty electrical wire. 答案：cause语法解析情态动词should和could二者均为情态动词，后面接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，它们的否定形式为shouldn’t和couldn’t.提出建议 should译为“应该”，用于表示义务或提出建议/要求；could译为“能够”，也可用来提出建议。 Eg: -- What could I do to improve my English? 我怎样才能够提高我的英语水平？ -- Well, you should try to speak more. 你应该尽可能多说。征求意见 Should也可用于征求意见，此时一般用于第一人称疑问句中；could用于请求或请求允许，带有一些试探性，因而显得更加委婉。 Eg: Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗？ Could I borrow some money from you? 我可以向你借些钱吗？推测情况 should用来表示有较大可能性实现的猜测，译为“可能、总该...吧”；could表示推测时，译为“可能的、但又未必可能”。 Eg: They should be here by now. 他们现在可能到了。 One day I could become a millionaire, but the chances are very small. 有一天我也学会成为百万富翁，但这种可能性很小。反身代词基本含义为：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、数上保持一致。Eg: He saw himself in the mirror. 他在镜中里看见了他自己。 (himself 和he为同一人) He saw him in the mirror. 他在镜子里看见了他。 (him指另一个人)形式用法及位置作宾语时可位于动词、介词之后 Eg: Tom enjoyed himself at the dancing party. 汤姆在舞会上玩得很开心。 （himself位于动词enjoy之后） He can take care of himself. 他可以照顾他自己。 （himself位于介词of之后）作表语时可位于系动词之后 Eg: Mary hasn’t quite been herself recently. 玛丽最近不在状态。 （herself位于系动词Be之后）作同位语时可位于名词或代词之后或句末 Eg: You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问一下司机本人。 （himself位于句末作driver的同位语）相关短语动词之后 Enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 Help oneself (to) 自用（食物等） Dress oneself 自己穿衣服 Teach oneself 自学 Lose oneself 沉溺于 Devote oneself (to) 献身于介词之后 By oneself 单独地；亲自 For oneself 为自己 Of oneself 自动 To oneself 独有 Look after oneself 照顾自己 Smile to oneself 暗笑写作本单元写作主题为“保持健康”，写一篇医生和患者之间的对话常用句型What happened just now? 刚才发生什么了？Do you know what you are allergic to? 你知道你对什么过敏吗？When did you start to feel sick? 你什么时候感觉不舒服？How much salad did you eat? 你吃了多少沙拉？What happened after you ate the salad? 你吃了沙拉后发生什么了？You should check the ingredients of anything you eat or drink. 你应该检查一下你吃的和喝的东西的原材料。写作思路What happen? 发生了什么？What did you eat? 你吃了什么？How did you feel? 你感觉怎么样？What advice did the doctor give? 医生给了什么建议？What should you do? 你该做什么？范文 Mark: Thank you, Dr. Cooper. I feel much better now. Dr. Cooper: That’s good. What happened just now? Mark: Well, I ate something at my friend’s place, and then I started to feel strange. Dr. Cooper: Do you know what you were allergic to? Mark: Yes, I am allergic to peanuts. Dr. Cooper: When did you start to feel sick? Mark: About an hour ago. Dr. Cooper: How much salad did you eat? Mark: I had a small bowl. Dr. Cooper: What happened after you ate the salad? Mark: My skin was itchy, my face felt warm, and my throat felt tight. Dr. Cooper: You should check the ingredients of anything you eat or drink. Let’s start with a skin prick test. If necessary, we might also consider a blood test. Mark: OK, I’m willing to try anything to get relief from these symptoms. (Half an hour passed) Dr. Cooper: Your symptoms aren’t serious. You could take these medicine for a few days. Mark: Thank you very much. Dr. Cooper: You’re welcome. If you don’t feel better, you should come again. Mark: OK. Bye.单数复数第一人称Myself 我自己Ourselves 我们自己第二人称yourself你自己Yourselves 你们自己第三人称Himself 他自己Themselves他/她/它们自己Herself 她自己Itself 它自己