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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land精品课时训练
展开 这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land精品课时训练,共19页。试卷主要包含了单句语法填空4,完成句子9等内容,欢迎下载使用。
目录
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc8392" \l "_Tc5143" A 考点概览·知识回顾 PAGEREF _Tc8392 \h 1
\l "_Tc25907" B 考点夯基·专项突破3
\l "_Tc4491" 一、单句语法填空4
\l "_Tc9962" 二、完成句子9
\l "_Tc8120" C 综合攻坚·能力跃升11
\l "_Tc30590" 题型一 语法填空(模考真题)11
\l "_Tc25546" 题型二 阅读理解(模考真题)15
核心概念:
用一个完整的句子来充当整个句子的主语。
这个从句通常位于句首(直接作主语),或者借助形式主语 It 放在句尾(更常见,避免头重脚轻)。
主语从句本身具有名词性(相当于一个“大名词”)。
引导词
1. That
用法: 当从句是陈述句(表达一个完整的事实、观点、想法)时,用 that 引导。
特点:
that 在从句中不充当任何成分,也没有实际意义。
that 在主语从句中通常不能省略(尤其在正式文体或从句位于句首时)。但在 It is... that... 结构中,that 有时在口语中可省。
例句:
That he passed the exam surprised everyne. (他通过了考试这件事让所有人都很惊讶。)
That the earth is rund is a fact. (地球是圆的,这是一个事实。)
It is imprtant (that) we prtect the envirnment. (保护环境很重要。)
It is a pity (that) yu can't cme. (很遗憾你不能来。)
2. Whether
用法: 当从句表示“是否”,即是一个一般疑问句(需要用“是”或“否”来回答)的内容时,用 whether 引导。
特点:
whether 在从句中不充当成分,但有实际意义(“是否”)。
不能省略。
不能用 if 替代(主语从句中只能用 whether,不能用 if!这是与宾语从句的重要区别)。
例句:
Whether he will cme is still unknwn. (他是否会来还不知道。)
Whether we need mre staff remains a questin. (我们是否需要更多员工仍然是个问题。)
It is uncertain whether the meeting will be held tmrrw. (会议明天是否会举行还不确定。)
3. Wh- 疑问词 (What, Wh, Whm, Whse, Which, When, Where, Why, Hw)
用法: 当从句是一个特殊疑问句的内容时,用相应的特殊疑问词引导。
特点:
这些引导词在从句中有实际意义,并且在从句中充当一定的成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语等)。
不能省略。
例句:
What he said made me angry. (他说的话让我生气。 - What 作 said 的宾语)
Wh will be the next president is the fcus f discussin. (谁将成为下一任总统是讨论的焦点。 - Wh 作主语)
When the prject will be cmpleted depends n the budget. (项目何时完成取决于预算。 - When 作时间状语)
Why she resigned remains a mystery. (她为什么辞职仍然是个谜。 - Why 作原因状语)
Hw we can slve this prblem requires careful thught. (我们如何解决这个问题需要仔细思考。 - Hw 作方式状语)
It hasn't been decided wh will chair the meeting. (谁将主持会议还没有决定。)
It is unclear where they went. (不清楚他们去了哪里。)
4. Whatever / Whever / Whichever / Whenever / Wherever / Hwever
用法: 表示“无论...”,引导具有泛指意义的主语从句,强调在任何情况下都成立。
特点: 在从句中充当成分,意义比普通的 wh- 词更加强烈和抽象。
例句:
Whatever yu d, d it well. (无论你做什么,都要把它做好。 - Whatever 作 d 的宾语)
Whever breaks the rules will be punished. (无论谁违反规则,都将受到惩罚。 - Whever 作主语)
Whichever path yu chse will lead t challenges. (无论你选择哪条路,都会遇到挑战。 - Whichever 作定语修饰 path)
Wherever he ges, he makes friends easily. (无论他去哪里,他都能轻松交到朋友。 - Wherever 作地点状语)
Hwever hard he tries, he can't seem t succeed. (无论他多么努力,他似乎都无法成功。 - Hwever 修饰形容词 hard,作程度状语)
用it作形式主语的主语从句
①、It + be+形容词+从句
句型中常用的词或词组:necessary,likely,clear,imprtant, right,wrng,strange,natural,funny,(un)certain,bvius, surprising,pssible,prbable等
●It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring abut,althugh abut tw thusand patients have taken it. 尽管已经有大约两千名患者服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
●It is by n means clear what the president can d t end the strike.
总统能采取什么措施来结束罢工,这一点儿都不清楚。
②、It +be+名词/名词词组+从句
句型中常用的词或词组:a shame, a pity,n wnder, gd news, n surprise,an hnr等
●It is a shame that we lst such an imprtant custmer.
真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。
③、It+be+过去分词+从句
句型中常用的词或词组:said, believed,reprted, thught,knwn, expected,decided, arranged,annunced等
●It is said that ur schl will hld a sprts meeting next week. 据说我们学校下周要举行运动会。
④、It+特殊动词/动词短语+从句
句型中常用的词或词组:seem, appear,happen, matter,turn ut, ccur t等
●It desn't matter whether yu pay in cash r by credit card in this stre.
在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都可以。
【特别注意】
当it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时,用if或whether引导均可;但主语从句后置且引导词后直接加 r nt时,则用 whether引导。
一、单句语法填空
1. we’ll g camping next week depends n the weather.
【答案】Whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:下周我们是否去露营取决于天气。引导主语从句,位于句首,且表示“是否”应用whether,首字母大写。故填Whether。
2. China is a develping cuntry is knwn t all.
【答案】That
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。空处引导主语从句,主语从句中,句子意思和成分完整,需用that引导主语从句,空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填That。
3. wins the petry cmpetitin will receive a cash prize.
【答案】Whever
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:无论谁赢得诗歌比赛都将获得现金奖励。空处引导主语从句,主语从句中缺少主语,且表示“无论是谁赢得比赛都会获得奖金”,所以用whever引导该从句,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Whever。
4. is still uncertain when the delayed flight will take ff.
【答案】It
【详解】考查it的用法。句意:目前尚不确定延误的航班何时起飞。when the delayed flight will take ff是句子真正的主语,句首需要一个形式主语,所以只能用it,位于句首时首字母应大写。故填It。
5. I asked fr leave last week was that I was ill.
【答案】Why
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我上周请假的原因是我生病了。本空引导主语从句,从句结构完整, 应用连接副词引导,结合句意可知此处表示“为什么,……的原因”,用why引导,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Why。
6. will they build the pwer plant is nt decided yet, in the suburbs pssibly.
【答案】Where
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:他们将在哪里建电厂还没有决定,可能在郊区。本空引导主语从句,结合“in the suburbs pssibly”可知,此处指“在哪里建电厂”,用连接副词where引导,在从句中作地点状语,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Where。
7. the newly built rad is t be pen t traffic has nt been made clear.
【答案】When
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:新建的道路何时向交通开放尚未明确。分析句子结构可知,“_____ the newly built rad is t be pen t traffic”为主语从句,且从句中不缺成分,结合句意可知,此处表示“何时”,所以此处应用连接副词when引导该从句,且when位于句首,首字母大写。故填When。
8. is the best f all thse ways is uncertain.
【答案】Which
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:在所有这些方法中,哪一种是最好的还不确定。空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语,主语从句缺少主语,结合“the best f all thse ways”可知,空处指一定范围内的“哪一个,哪一种”,应用连接代词which作引导词,且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Which。
9. we discvered is that it’s unwise t judge what yu eat nly by its appearance.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们发现仅凭外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少discvered的宾语,且指物,应用what引导,位于句首,首字母大写。故填What。
10. yu cme with me r stay at hme makes n difference.
【答案】Whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:你是跟我来还是待在家里,没有区别。空处引导主语从句,主语从句中不缺成分,根据句意可知,此处表示“是否”,所以空处使用whether引导主语从句,且位于句首,whether的首字母需大写。故填Whether。
11. he fund the way hme after he gt lst in the deep frest is nt clear t us.
【答案】Hw
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们不清楚他在森林深处迷路后是如何找到回家的路的。引导主语从句,从句缺少方式状语,应用hw,首字母大写。故填Hw。
12. we will g t visit Hng Kng in this winter vacatin remains unknwn.
【答案】Whether/Hw
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:这个寒假我们是否/怎样去香港旅游还不得而知。空处位于句首,引导主语从句,主语从句的主干成分完整,结合“we will g t visit Hng Kng in this winter vacatin”可知,空处可表达“是否”或“怎样”,因此用连接词whether或连接副词hw作引导词,且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Whether/Hw。
13. he did nt shw up remained a mystery.
【答案】Why
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:为什么他没出现是个谜。分析句子结构可知 “ ____ he did nt shw up”为主语从句,从句缺少原因状语,需用连接副词why引导,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Why。
14. he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday appears strange.
【答案】That
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:他昨天没参加会议,真奇怪。引导主语从句,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that,首字母大写。故填That。
15. cncerns the rescuers mst is the safety f the children.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:救援人员最关心的是孩子们的安全。引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,应用what,首字母大写。故填What。
16. they’ll fly t Inner Mnglia hasn’t been decided.
【答案】When/Whether
【详解】考查主语从句的引导词。句意:他们什么时候飞往内蒙古还没有决定。由句意空处为主语从句的引导词,从句缺少时间状语,应用连接副词when/whenever,空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填When/Whether。
17. fascinates westerners is the Chinese bamb culture and its lng histry.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:让西方人着迷的是中国的竹文化及其悠久的历史。设空处引导的是的是主语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,意为“什么”应使用连接代词what。同时该空置于句首,开头单词首字母大写。故填What。
18. ur brain wrks is being studied by the scientists.
【答案】Hw
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:科学家们正在研究我们的大脑是如何工作的。空处引导主语从句,并在从句中作状语,结合语意,此处表示大脑如何工作,应用hw引导从句,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Hw。
19.It’s said gvernment wrkers nw make, n average, 30% mre than private sectr wrkers.
【答案】that
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:据说,政府工作人员现在的平均收入比私营部门工作人员高30%。句首的It为形式主语,空处引导从句作真正的主语,从句中不缺少成分以及意义,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导,It is said that...表示“据说”。故填that。
20.I read abut it in sme bks r ther. Des it matter it was?
【答案】which
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我在一些书上或其它地方看到过与此相关的。是哪一个有关系吗?根据前文的in sme bk r ther可知,此处表示的是选择之意,和后面的“在哪本书上看到的有什么关系”相呼应。which引导是主语从句,意为“哪一个”,it为形式主语,which引导的从句为真正的主语。故填which。
21. we can get in tuch with him is the mst imprtant.
【答案】Hw
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意:我们怎样才能和他取得联系是最重要的。空处引导主语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词,根据句意,表达“怎样”之意,用hw引导,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Hw。
22. will take the place f Mr Li as ur new headmaster hasn’t been decided.
【答案】Wh
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:谁来代替李先生当我们的新校长还没有决定。设空处引导的是主语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,意为“谁”,表示的是“谁来代替李先生”用wh。同时该空置于句首,开头单词首字母大写。故填Wh。
23. mved Jame was that her students were mre cnfident in study.
【答案】What
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:令杰米感动的是,她的学生对学习更有信心了。空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“什么”,所以用连接代词what引导,置于句首,首字母大写。故填What。
24.It is necessary we yung peple master a freign language.
【答案】that
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:我们年轻人掌握一门外语是必要的。It为形式主语,真正主语为空处引导的从句,即,主语从句,从句部分主要成分和意思都完整,用that引导从句。故填that。
25. this jb demands mst is perseverance and patience.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:这份工作最需要的是毅力和耐心。分析句子结构可知,本空引导主语从句,从句缺少 demands的宾语,应用what引导,位于句首,首字母大写。故填What。
26. was s impressive abut Jasmine’s victry was that she came first in the marathn bare-fted.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:Jasmine的胜利给人留下深刻印象的是,她在马拉松比赛中赤脚获得了第一名。空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指代事情,连接代词为what,置于句首,首字母大写。故填What。
27.It matters greatly yur parents understand and supprt yu.
【答案】whether/that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:重要的是你的父母(是否)理解和支持你。分析句子可知,It是形式主语,空处引导主语从句,结合句意可知,此处表示“是否”,使用whether引导从句;也可理解为从句结构、意义完整(你的父母理解和支持你),用that引导,故填whether/that。
28.Fr example, Mary-J Saunders is learning a Chinese pem tday. is special is that she is able t recite it withut an accent.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:例如,Mary-J Saunders今天正在学习一首中国诗。特别的是,她能毫无口音地背出来。空格处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,“什么”的意思,用连词代词what,位于句首,首字母大写。故填What。
29. wants t reach a distant gal must take many small steps.
【答案】Whever
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:无论谁想要达到一个遥远的目标,就必须迈出许多小步。分析句子结构可知,“______wants t reach a distant gal”为主语从句,从句缺少主语,需用连接代词引导,引导词表示“无论谁”应用whever,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Whever。
30. are interested in it are welcme t participate.
【答案】Whever
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:任何对此感兴趣的人都欢迎参加。“ are interested in it”是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“任何人”,用连接代词whever引导该从句;句首单词首字母大写。故填Whever。
二、完成句子
31.让我印象最深刻的是西湖的美。
is the beauty f the West Lake.
【答案】 What impresses me mst
【详解】考查主语从句、时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“让我印象最深刻的”,用what引导主语从句,“给某人印象最深刻”是impress sb. mst,“我”用me作宾语,由is可知,时态用一般现在时,what作主语,impress用第三人称单数,位于句首的单词首字母大写,因此空格处分别是What,impresses,me,mst。故填①What②impresses③me④mst。
32.难怪你考试不及格。你原本应该做好充分的准备的。(wnder)
. Yu shuld have made full preparatins fr it.
【答案】It is n wnder that yu failed the exam.
【详解】考查it作形式主语that从句作真正的主语、动词和时态。表示“难怪……”应用句型It’s+n wnder that...,其中it作形式主语,that从句作真正的主语,从句主语“你”用代词yu,表示“考试不及格”应用动词短语fail the exam,作that从句的谓语动词,由空后的Yu shuld have made full preparatins fr it可知此处fail the exam的动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故答案为It is n wnder that yu failed the exam。
33.很明显,吸烟对我们的健康有害。
smking is harmful t ur health.
【答案】It is distinct/bvius/evident that
【详解】考查固定句型。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“很明显”,由is可知,时态用一般现在时,“很明显”用固定句型It is distinct/bvius/evident that,其中it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,故填It is distinct/bvius/evident that。
34.It desn’t matter .
在这家商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
【答案】whether yu pay by cash r credit card in this stre
【详解】考查主语从句和时态。根据desn’t matter可知,句子时态为一般现在时;it为形式主语,空处为句子真正的主语,表示“是否”可用whether引导主语从句;表示“你”可用代词yu,作主语从句的主语;表示“用……支付”可用动词短语pay by...,作从句的谓语动词。表示“现金或信用卡”可用短语cash r credit card,作介词by的宾语;表示“在这家商店中”可用介词短语in this stre,作地点状语。故填whether yu pay by cash r credit card in this stre。
35.It suddenly struck me .
我突然想起家中没人。
【答案】that there was n ne at hme
【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意,此处表示“某人突然想起某事”为固定句型“it strikes sb. that+从句”,其中it为形式主语,that从句为主语从句作真正主语,表示“家中没人”为“there be”结构,表示“没人”为n ne作“there be”句型的主语,根据主句谓语动词struck可知,此处为一般过去时,所以从句谓语动词为was,表示“家中”为at hme。故填that there was n ne at hme。
36. depends n hw hard yu wrk.
你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。
【答案】Whether yu can succeed r nt
【详解】考查固定句型、主语从句。空处为主语从句。表示“是否”句型为whether…r nt;主语为yu;表示“成功”用动词succeed,且can后跟动词原形。首字母大写。故填Whether yu can succeed r nt。
37. is an imprtant questin.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。
【答案】When we will have a meeting
【详解】考查主语从句和时态。空处为主语从句,表示“我们何时举行会议”用连接副词when作引导词,表示“何时”,“举行会议”应为短语have a meeting,由于从句描述的是将来的事情,所以使用一般将来时。因此表示“我们何时举行会议”用“we will have a meeting”,陈述语序,句首单词首字母大写。故填When we will have a meeting。
38.她做了什么尚不清楚。
is nt yet knwn.
【答案】What she did
【详解】考查主语从句和时态。结合句意,此处用what引导主语从句,作主语从句的连接词,指代“她做了什么”陈述过去的动作,用一般过去时。首字母大写。故填What she did。
39.你所困惑的其实也是困扰中国很多父母的难题。
fr many parents in China.
【答案】What puzzles yu is als actually a puzzle
【详解】考查主语从句和主谓一致。句子描述客观情况,用一般现在时,“你所困惑的”可以用主语从句what puzzles yu表示,作主语;“是”用be动词is表示;“也”是als;“其实”是actually;“难题”翻译为a puzzle。故填What puzzles yu is als actually a puzzle。
40. is the time we enjy the full mn tgether.
我们最喜欢的是一起赏月的时光。
【答案】What we lve mst
【详解】考查主语从句、时态、副词。表示“我们最喜欢的”用主语从句,从句中:表示“我们”用we,作主语;表示“喜欢”用lve,根据空后的is和句意可知,本句描述一般事实,从句时态用一般现在时,主语为we,谓语用动词原形;表示“最”用副词mst,作状语,修饰lve;从句缺少lve的宾语,且指物,用what引导主语从句,位于句首,首字母大写。故填What we lve mst。
题型一 语法填空
(24-25高二下·重庆·阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rsalind Franklin: The Overlked DNA Pineer
Rsalind Franklin, a British chemist, made grundbreaking cntributins t DNA research. Her X-ray images ffered the first cncrete evidence 1 DNA had a duble-helix structure. Yet, her wrk was lng unrecgnized.
Franklin’s methds were meticulus (一丝不苟的). She dedicated cuntless hurs t studying crystals thrugh a micrscpe, demanding that every statistic 2 (recrd) with precisin. One f her key techniques 3 (be) refining X-ray technlgy, which became vital t the discvery.
4 additin t her research, Franklin mentred yung scientists selflessly. Her patritism was 5 (primary) shwn in her dedicatin t truth. Tragically, she passed away befre realizing 6 prfundly her discvery shaped mdern bilgy.
Franklin’s legacy teaches that science requires nt just abstract theries but 7 (practice) slutins. She develped 8 nvel methd t capture clearer images, prving the need fr innvatin. Her famus qute remains a principle 9 (guide) researchers tday. Just as a telescpe reveals distant stars, her wrk 10 (serve) as a beacn fr future discveries.
【答案】
1.that 2. shuld be recrded/be recrded 3.was 4.In 5.primarily 6.hw 7.practical 8.a 9.guiding 10.serves
【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国化学家Rsalind Franklin对DNA研究贡献重大,其工作曾被忽视,她的成果及精神影响深远。
1.考查同位语从句。句意:她的X射线图像提供了第一个确凿的证据,证明DNA具有双螺旋结构。分析句子可知,DNA had a duble-helix structure是对evidence的解释说明,为同位语从句,且从句中不缺少成分且句意完整,所以应用连接词that引导。故填that。
2.考查虚拟语气。句意:她花费了无数个小时通过显微镜研究晶体,要求每一个统计数据都要精确记录。demand表示“要求”时,其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即“(shuld) + 动词原形”,statistic与recrd之间是被动关系,所以用(shuld) be recrded。故填(shuld) be recrded。
3.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:她的关键技术之一是改进X射线技术,这对这项发现至关重要。分析句子可知,这里考查谓语动词,句子描述的是过去的事情,要用一般过去时,主语One f her key techniques是单数概念,所以谓语动词用was。故填was。
4.考查固定短语。句意:除了她的研究之外,富兰克林还无私地指导年轻科学家。这里考查in additin t,是固定短语,意为“除…… 之外(还)”,且句首时首字母应大写。故填In。
5.考查副词。句意:她的爱国主义主要体现在她对真理的奉献上。分析句子可知,此处需要一个副词修饰动词shwn,primary的副词形式是primarily,意为“主要地”。故填primarily。
6.考查感叹句。句意:可悲的是,在她意识到自己的发现对现代生物学产生了多么深远的影响之前,她就去世了。分析句子可知,prfundly是副词,“her discvery shaped mdern bilgy”是句子的主谓宾结构,此处是感叹句作宾语从句,修饰副词要用hw。故填hw。
7.考查形容词。句意:富兰克林的遗产告诉我们,科学不仅需要抽象的理论,还需要实际的解决方案。分析句子可知,此处需要一个形容词修饰名词slutins,practice的形容词形式是practical,意为“实际的;实用的”,符合句意。故填practical。
8.考查冠词。句意:她开发了一种新的方法来捕捉更清晰的图像,证明了创新的必要性。methd是可数名词,此处表示“一种新的方法”,nvel是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:她的名言至今仍是指导研究人员的原则。分析句子可知,这里考查非谓语,principle与guide之间是主动关系,再由句意可知,应用现在分词作后置定语。故填guiding。
10.考查时态。句意:就像望远镜能揭示遥远的星星一样,她的工作是未来发现的灯塔。分析句子可知,这里考查谓语动词,主语her wrk与serve之间为主动关系,句子描述的是客观事实,要用一般现在时,主语her wrk是单数,所以谓语动词用serves。故填serves。
(24-25高二上·广东清远·期末)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Aircraft designer Gu Sngfen and nuclear expert Wang Dazhng 1 (award) the State Preeminent Science and Technlgy Award, China’s tp science hnur, n 3rd Nvember, 2021. They received the prize fr their utstanding cntributins t 2 (science) and technlgical innvatin. Brn in 1930 Gu is a well-knwn aircraft designer, and an aviatin strategy scientist. Frm 1961 t 1986, he served 3 the chief designer and directr f the Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute, 4 is part f the Aviatin Industry Crpratin f China. He, tgether with his assistants, established 5 unique system, which was far mre advanced than that in America. What’s mre, he carried ut tw aviatin strategic 6 (research), making a significant cntributin t China’s aviatin science and technlgy. Brn in 1935, Wang is a 7 (distinguish) schlar and strategic scientist in internatinal nuclear energy. He 8 (cmmit) himself t develping advanced nuclear energy systems with inherent safety features since he wrked. 9 impresses the natin is that he has helped China make great prgress in the develpment f high-temperature gas-cled reactr technlgy, 10 (lay) an imprtant fundatin fr the cuntry t step int the frefrnt glbally in the field f advanced nuclear energy.
【答案】
1.were awarded 2.scientific 3.as 4.which 5.a 6.researches 7.distinguished 8.has cmmitted 9.What 10.laying
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述飞机设计师顾诵芬和核能专家王大中获国家最高科学技术奖,表彰他们在航空和核能领域的杰出贡献的故事。
1.考查时态语态。句意:2021年11月3日,飞机设计师顾诵芬和核能专家王大中被授予中国最高科学荣誉——国家最高科学技术奖。此处需要使用动词作谓语,主语Gu Sngfen和Wang Dazhng是两个人,与谓语动词award是被动关系,且本句描述过去发生的事实,因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were awarded。
2.考查形容词。句意:他们因在科技创新方面的杰出贡献而获奖。此处需要使用形容词作定语,修饰名词innvatin,science的形容词形式是“scientific”。故填scientific。
3.考查介词。句意:从1961年到1986年,他担任沈阳飞机设计研究所(隶属于中国航空工业集团公司)的总设计师和主任。此处需要使用介词as与served搭配构成短语,即“serve as”意为“作为……身份”。故填as。
4.考查定语从句。句意:从1961年到1986年,他担任沈阳飞机设计研究所(隶属于中国航空工业集团公司)的总设计师和主任。此处需要使用关系词,引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute,指物,关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语,用关系代词which。故填which。
5.考查冠词。句意:他和他的助手们建立了一套独特的制度,比美国先进得多。system是可数名词,此处表泛指,unique辅音音素开头,此处需要使用不定冠词a。故填a。
6.考查名词。句意:而且,他开展了两项航空战略研究,为中国航空科技事业做出了重大贡献。此处需要使用名词被形容词strategic修饰,research可数名词,此处表达复数意义。故填researches。
7.考查形容词。句意:王大中出生于1935年,是国际核能领域的杰出学者和战略科学家。此处需要使用形容词作定语,修饰名词schlar,distinguish的形容词形式为“distinguished”意为“杰出的”。故填distinguished。
8.考查时态。句意:自工作以来,他一直致力于开发具有固有安全性的先进核能系统。此处需要使用动词作谓语,主语为He,根据时间状语从句since he wrked可知,此处本句时态为现在完成时,表动作的持续。故填has cmmitted。
9.考查主语从句。句意:令国人印象深刻的是,他帮助中国在高温气冷堆技术发展方面取得了巨大进步,为中国在先进核能领域跻身世界前列奠定了重要基础。此处需要使用连接词引导主语从句,连接词在从句中作主语指物,用连接代词what,首字母大写。故填What。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:令国人印象深刻的是,他帮助中国在高温气冷堆技术发展方面取得了巨大进步,为中国在先进核能领域跻身世界前列奠定了重要基础。此处需要使用非谓语动词作状语,该空后内容是前句造成的意料之中的结果,lay用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填laying。
题型二 阅读理解
(24-25高二下·江苏盐城·期末)Mariangela Hungria, a micrbilgist in Brazil, spent decades lking fr bacteria (细菌) in the sil that culd act like fertilizer (肥料), bsting farmers' harvests. But she faced a lt f skepticism. When she started her career, everybdy was like, “She is crazy! She will never succeed. ” But tday, her wrk was rewarded with the Wrld Fd Prize, which recgnizes advances in agriculture.
Hungria's lve f science was lit in childhd thanks t her grandmther, wh taught her abut backyard plants and the sil that fed them. “One day, she gave me a bk. It was abut the life f micrbilgists. After reading it, I annunced t my family that I wuld becme a micrbilgist, ” Hungria recalls. Later, she gt her Ph. D.frm the Federal Rural University and went t wrk fr the Brazilian Agricultural Research Crpratin (Embrapa) in 1982. She fllwed in the ftsteps f anther pineer f Brazilian science, Jhanna Döbereiner, wh had begun hunting fr bacteria that culd bst the prductivity f crps.
Hungria's bilgical seed and sil treatments enable wheat, crn and ther majr crps, including sybeans — Brazil's tp agricultural exprt — t surce nutrients thrugh sil bacteria, significantly bsting crp yields (产量), reducing the need fr chemical fertilizers as well as lwering greenhuse gas emissins (排放). Over Hungria's 40-year career with Embrapa, Brazil's sybean prductin has increased frm 15 millin tns in 1979 t an anticipated 173millin tns in the cming harvest, the Wrld Fd Prize Fundatin said.
Hungria said, “I always believe that it is pssible t achieve high yields necessary t relieve wrld hunger, but in a sustainable way, preserving the planet. ” She wants t see wmen taking a bigger rle. “Wmen are mre likely t shift the fcus f farming tward envirnmental sustainability. Caring fr land that's already been claimed rather than trying t clear mre. Fcusing nt nly n the size f the harvest but als n which crps deliver better nutritin”, says she. And Hungria adds she'll use the cash she has wn t fund a new award that will recgnize wmen wh are wrking in agriculture, micrbilgy, cmmunicatins r fr the benefit f peple with special needs.
1.What des the underlined wrd “skepticism” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Dubt.B.Envy.C.Blame.D.Abuse.
2.What inspired Hungria t be a micrbilgist?
A.Her academic experience.B.Wrk in Embrapa.
C.Her grandmther's impact.D.Guidance frm Jhanna.
3.What functin d Hungria's bilgical treatments have?
A.Decreasing the prductivity f sybeans.B.Generating mre greenhuse gas emissins.
C.Increasing farmers' dependence n chemicals.D.Bsting nutrients uptake thrugh sil bacteria.
4.What can be inferred frm Hungria's wrds?
A.Eclgical health utweighs maximum yields.B.Funding new awards fr wmen is meaningless.
C.Sustainable practices will lead t lwer harvests.D.Invlving wmen in farming makes a difference.
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巴西微生物学家Mariangela Hungria的故事。她花费数十年在土壤中寻找能像肥料一样促进农民收成的细菌,一开始面临诸多怀疑,但如今她的工作获得了世界粮食奖。
1.词句猜测题。根据下文“When she started her career, everybdy was like, “She is crazy! She will never succeed. ” (当她开始她的职业生涯时,每个人都说:“她疯了!她永远不会成功。” )”可以推断出她面临很多人的怀疑。所以skepticism意为“怀疑”,和A选项同义,故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Hungria's lve f science was lit in childhd thanks t her grandmther, wh taught her abut backyard plants and the sil that fed them. “One day, she gave me a bk. It was abut the life f micrbilgists. After reading it, I annunced t my family that I wuld becme a micrbilgist, ” Hungria recalls. (Hungria对科学的热爱在她的童年时代就被点燃了,这要归功于她的祖母,她教会了她关于后院植物和喂养它们的土壤的知识。一天,她给了我一本书。它是关于微生物学家的生活。读完这本书后,我向家人宣布,我将成为一名微生物学家,”Hungria回忆道。)”由此可知是她祖母的影响激励她成为微生物学家,故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段“Hungria's bilgical seed and sil treatments enable wheat, crn and ther majr crps, including sybeans — Brazil's tp agricultural exprt — t surce nutrients thrugh sil bacteria, significantly bsting crp yields (产量), reducing the need fr chemical fertilizers as well as lwering greenhuse gas emissins (排放). (Hungria的生物种子和土壤处理使小麦、玉米和其他主要作物,包括巴西最大的农业出口产品大豆,能够通过土壤细菌获取养分,从而显著提高作物产量,减少对化肥的需求,并降低温室气体排放。)”可知Hungria的生物疗法通过土壤细菌促进养分吸收,故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hungria said, “I always believe that it is pssible t achieve high yields necessary t relieve wrld hunger, but in a sustainable way, preserving the planet. ” She wants t see wmen taking a bigger rle. “Wmen are mre likely t shift the fcus f farming tward envirnmental sustainability. Caring fr land that's already been claimed rather than trying t clear mre. Fcusing nt nly n the size f the harvest but als n which crps deliver better nutritin”, says she. (Hungria说:“我一直相信,有可能通过可持续的方式实现缓解世界饥饿所需的高产量,保护地球。”她希望看到女性发挥更大的作用。“女性更有可能将农业的重点转向环境可持续性。关心已经有人认领的土地,而不是试图开垦更多的土地。不仅要关注收成的大小,还要关注哪些作物提供更好的营养。”她说。)”由此可以推断出让女性参与农业会产生影响,故选D。
(24-25高二下·陕西咸阳·阶段练习)Wrld-famus scientist Stephen Hawking has died at the age f 76. He was ften called the mst brilliant theretical physicist since Albert Einstein. But his amazing career actually started as a yung man wh struggled t get arund t ding his hmewrk at Oxfrd University where he studied physics. He then went n t Cambridge t research csmlgy, the study f the rigin f universe.
When he was 21, Hawking’s life hit a big hurdle. He was diagnsed with Mtr Neurne Disease. The disease causes the brain t stp sending messages t a persn’s muscles. At the time, dctrs said he wuld nly live fr arund 2 years, but he prved them very, very wrng.
And with the help f a special wheelchair and speech cmputer, Hawking spent much f his time researching the beginning f the universe and black hles. His mst famus discvery was prbably when he demnstrated that black hles emit sme radiatin, which has since becme knwn as Hawking Radiatin. He als spent a lt f time thinking abut what existed befre the big bang.
Hawking wrte bks that explained his big ideas in ways that culd be understd by the average persn. In 1988 he published A Brief Histry f Time. It became really ppular and sld mre than 10 millin cpies. Hwever, he wasn’t just knwn fr his bks. He als had a lt f fun becming a regular n TV screens arund the wrld. He even had a big Hllywd film made abut his life.
Thrughut his life Stephen Hawking inspired peple t lk beynd ur planet and expand ur knwledge f the universe. His family says that he’ll be greatly missed and the legacy f his amazing ideas will live n.
1.Why des the authr mentin Albert Einstein in Paragraph 1?
A.T tell us Hawking was a great physicist.
B.T cmpare the tw famus peple.
C.T shw he was Hawking’s teacher.
D.T identify a special perid further.
2.Hw did Hawking prve the dctr’s wrng?
A.He did many experiments.
B.He made sme cmparisns.
C.He tried t send signals t his muscles.
D.He lived fr lng like ther cmmn peple.
3.What des Hawking’s family think f him?
A.He’ll be frgtten sn.
B.His idea f the universe is valuable.
C.He wn’t be understd cmpletely.
D.He wn’t be fund by thers any mre.
【答案】1.A 2.D 3.B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了世界著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的生平事迹,包括他的学术成就、与疾病的斗争以及他对宇宙研究的贡献等。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段“He was ften called the mst brilliant theretical physicist since Albert Einstein. (他常被称为爱因斯坦之后最杰出的理论物理学家)”可知,作者将霍金与爱因斯坦相比,是为了强调霍金和爱因斯坦一样,是杰出的理论物理学家,突出霍金的伟大。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段“At the time, dctrs said he wuld nly live fr arund 2 years, but he prved them very, very wrng. (当时医生说他只能活大约两年,但他证明他们大错特错)”并结合常识可知,医生预言霍金只能活两年,但他最终活到76岁,这证明了医生的错误。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段“His family says that he’ll be greatly missed and the legacy f his amazing ideas will live n. (他的家人表示,人们会深深怀念他,而他非凡的思想遗产将永存)”可知,霍金的家人认为他对宇宙的研究和思想具有重要价值。故选B项。
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