人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀测试题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀测试题，共15页。
主题：自然灾害
写作词汇短语：
natural disasters自然灾害
vlcanic eruptin 火山喷发
be flded with 被…所淹没 挤满 充满
at least\at mst 至少\至多
be damaged\ destryed\ruined 受到损害
d damage t 对……有损害
affect = have an effect n 影响
set up shelters 建立避难所
first aid kit 急救箱
sweep away 消灭;彻底消除;扫除
suffer frm terrible injuries 受重伤
suffer frm 遭受;患病;受之苦
make sure 确保
stay calm 保持镇静
cme t an end 结束 告终
be trapped in 被困在……
be buried in ding sth. 埋头做某事 专心做某事
rescue the survivrs营救幸存者
in danger 处于危险之中
in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
in the pen air 露天;在户外
suffer hardship 遭受困苦
写作句型：
1. A terrible strm hit/struck ... , killing ..
一个可怕的地震发生在….杀死了….
2. It was a cl autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number f buildings fell dwn and rads were destryed, leaving a great many peple hmeless.
地震发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌，道路被毁,许多人无家可归。
3. With the help f the rescue team, peple wh were the trapped in the fld were saved.
在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。
4. In the past hundred years, there have been frequent natural disasters, such as flds, drughts, earthquakes, and new deserts.
在过去的几百年里，自然灾难不断，例如洪水，干旱，地震和沙漠化。
5.The whle city was in ruins after the earthquake.
地震后整个城市成了一片废墟。
6. Human activity is an indispensable factr causing natural disasters.
人类自身的活动是造成自然灾害的一个不可或缺的因素。
模拟真题示例：
（2025·江西新余·模拟预测）假如你是李华。现在台风破坏性越来越强，越来越多的地方洪水泛滥，伤亡现象很严重。请你用英语写封邮件邀请外教Tm来做一场关于急救知识的讲座。内容包括：
1.发出邀请；
2.讲座内容；
3.期待回复。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Tm,
Hw are yu ging recently? I wrte this letter t invite yu t give us a lecture n first aid knwledge sincerely.
Perhaps due t human damage t the envirnment, typhns are becming increasingly destructive, and mre and mre areas are experiencing flding. Peple tend t get hurt r trapped mre easily. Yu’re an expert in first aid. Culd yu tell us what we shuld d in case f emergency? At last, it’ll be very appreciated if the lecture is practical and lasts abut an hur.
We all hpe yu can help us and are lking frward t yur early reply. Wish yu all the best.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份写一封邀请外教Tm开展急救知识讲座的电子邮件，内容包含正式邀请、讲座主题说明及期待对方回复。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近：recently → lately
真诚地：sincerely → genuinely
最后：at last → finally
帮助：help → assist
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I wrte this letter t invite yu t give us a lecture n first aid knwledge sincerely.
拓展句：I wrte this letter with the sincere purpse that yu can give us a lecture n first aid knwledge.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Culd yu tell us what we shuld d in case f emergency?(运用了what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】We all hpe yu can help us and are lking frward t yur early reply.(运用了省略that的宾语从句作hpe的宾语)
举一反三：
（2024·江西南昌·二模）假定你是李华，上周你参加了学校组织的消防安全演习，请你在校英文论坛发表一篇帖子，分享此次经历，内容包括：
1．活动过程；
2．个人感悟。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：消防安全演习fire safety drill
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Last week I tk part in a safety drill rganized by ur schl, which left me a deep impressin.
We were having a math class when suddenly the fire alarm rang. Under the guidance f ur teacher, we immediately left the classrm. With my hands cvering my muth, I bent dwn a bit and ran dwnstairs quickly n ur evacuatin rute. At last, we landed n the playgrund successfully.
The drill nt nly raised ur fire safety awareness but als ffered me a real scene in case f a fire, greatly imprving ur survival skills. I have a firm belief that it will truly save lives in emergencies.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在校英文论坛发表一篇帖子，分享上周参加的学校组织的消防安全演习活动，说明活动过程和个人感悟。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in → participate in
立即：immediately → instantly
快速地：quickly →fast
提高/加强：imprve → strengthen
2.句式拓展
变倒装句
原句：The drill nt nly raised ur fire safety awareness but als ffered me a real scene in case f a fire, greatly imprving ur survival skills.
拓展句：Nt nly did the drill raise ur fire safety awareness but it als ffered me a real scene in case f a fire, greatly imprving ur survival skills.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Last week I tk part in a safety drill rganized by ur schl, which left me a deep impressin.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】We were having a math class when suddenly the fire alarm rang.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
1．（24-25高一上·云南昭通·阶段练习）假设你是李华，你的美国朋友汤姆从电视新闻上得知你所在的城市发生了地震，十分担心。请你给汤姆写一封信，告知其相关情况，内容包括：
1．你的家人平安地逃过一劫；
2．该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，200多所房子成为废墟；
3．地震后的救援情况；
4．地震发生后你的感想。
注意：
1．词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tm,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tm,
Knwing yu are very wrried abut the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing t tell yu sme details.
Luckily, my family and I survived the quake safe and sund. Hwever, the earthquake did d sme damage t ur city, in which six peple were killed and mre than five hundred were seriusly injured. Besides, it als made ver tw hundred huses lie in ruins. Frtunately, ur gvernment and rescue wrkers came t ur rescue in time, with a number f medical wrkers and vlunteers prviding help t us.
Nt nly did I feel the warmth f humanity but I als realized that we can certainly get ver the disaster if we can unify.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。美国朋友汤姆从电视新闻上得知考生所在的城市发生了地震，十分担心，要求考生按照要求给汤姆写一封信，告知其相关情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
担心：be wrried abut → be anxius abut
严重地：seriusly → severely
及时：in time → timely
肯定：certainly → undubtedly
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knwing yu are very wrried abut the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing t tell yu sme details.
拓展句：Since I knw yu are very wrried abut the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing t tell yu sme details.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knwing yu are very wrried abut the earthquake which happened in my city recently, I am writing t tell yu sme details.（省略引导词that的宾语从句、运用了which引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Hwever, the earthquake did d sme damage t ur city, in which six peple were killed and mre than five hundred were seriusly injured.（运用了“介词in+which”引导的非限制性定语从句）
2．（24-25高一上·广东茂名·期末）假设你是学生会主席李华，你校邀请地震专家李教授来校做了有关地震防灾知识方面的讲座，请你写一封邮件，把讲座的情况告诉请假未听讲座的交换生Tm，内容包括以下要点：
1. 讲座的时间、地点；
2. 讲座内容；
3. 你的看法。
注意：1. 词数100词左右；
2. 文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tm,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Tm,
Hw are yu tday? I’m writing t share with yu the infrmatin abut the speech given by Prfessr Li.
Prfessr Li, a famus expert n earthquakes, delivered a speech n hw t survive during an earthquake in the schl hall n Friday afternn. Frm his speech, we have recgnized that if ne knws hw t behave when an earthquake strikes, the chance t survive will be greatly imprved. He taught us a lt f self-rescue skills. Fr example, the mst imprtant is t stay calm and quickly mve t a safe place. If trapped indrs, stay there and hide under a strng desk r table as a prtecting shelter. If utdrs, mve int the pen air where falling bjects are unlikely t strike us.
In summary, the speech is f great help and all f us need t knw what t d during an earthquake.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，给请假未听讲座的交换生Tm写一封邮件，告知他有关地震防灾知识方面的讲座的情况，需简要说明讲座的时间、地点，详细介绍讲座的内容，并分享自己的看法。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
有名的：famus→well-knwn, renwned
意识到：recgnize→realize
例如：fr example→fr instance
总之：in summary→t sum up, in cnclusin
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In summary, the speech is f great help and all f us need t knw what t d during an earthquake.
拓展句：In summary, the speech is f great help and all f us need t knw what we shuld d during an earthquake.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Frm his speech, we have recgnized that if ne knws hw t behave when an earthquake strikes, the chance t survive will be greatly imprved. (运用了that引导宾语从句、if引导条件状语从句、when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] If utdrs, mve int the pen air where falling bjects are unlikely t strike us. (运用了If 引导的条件状语从句的省略以及where引导限制性定语从句)
3．（24-25高一上·江西南昌·阶段练习）假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Je的家乡遭遇了严重地震，他的家受损严重，他本人也受伤了。请你给他写一封信，要点包括：
1.安慰和鼓励； 2.为他提供帮助(如募捐等)。
注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Je,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Je,
I’m deeply srry t hear abut the severe earthquake that struck yur hmetwn, causing significant damage t yur hme and injuring yu. Please knw that yu’re nt alne in this difficult time. Stay strng and brave, and remember that every clud has a silver lining.
I want t d smething t help yu and yur cmmunity. I plan t initiate a fund-raising campaign amng ur friends t supprt the recnstructin effrts. Let’s wrk tgether t vercme this challenge. Take care and get well sn.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就外国笔友Je的家乡遭遇严重地震，其家受损严重且他本人也受伤的情况，写一封信给予安慰、鼓励，并提供帮助。
【详解】1.词汇积累
引起：cause → lead t/result in
困难的：difficult → hard
帮助：help → assist/aid
克服：vercme → cnquer/surmunt
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I want t d smething t help yu and yur cmmunity.
拓展句：I want t d smething that can help yu and yur cmmunity get thrugh this difficult time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m deeply srry t hear abut the severe earthquake that struck yur hmetwn, causing significant damage t yur hme and injuring yu. (运用了关系代词that引导限制性定语从句和现在分词短语作结果状语)
[高分句型2] Please knw that yu’re nt alne in this difficult time. (运用了连词that引导宾语从句)
4．（24-25高一上·海南·期中）假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Henry来信说自己家乡灾害频发，前不久又遭受龙卷风袭击，他向你询问中国的自然灾害情况。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示安慰；
2. 中国的自然灾害情况。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：龙卷风trnad
Dear Henry,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Henry,
I was deeply saddened t hear abut the recent trnad that struck yur hmetwn, alng with the frequent disasters yu’ve been experiencing. Please knw that my thughts are with yu and yur cmmunity during this difficult time.
Regarding China, we als face varius natural disasters, including flds, earthquakes, and ccasinally trnades, and their frequency and severity vary acrss regins. The gvernment and peple wrk tirelessly t mitigate their impacts and prvide relief. I believe that as lng as we wrk tgether, we can definitely reduce the negative impacts caused by natural disasters.
Take care and stay safe.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国笔友Henry写一封电子邮件，对于他来信说自己家乡灾害频发表示安慰，并介绍中国的自然灾害情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
悲伤的：saddened→grieved
各种各样的：varius→a variety f
缓解：mitigate→ease ff
肯定地：definitely→surely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The gvernment and peple wrk tirelessly t mitigate their impacts and prvide relief.
拓展句：The gvernment and peple wrk tirelessly t mitigate their impacts and prvide relief, which are greatly meaningful fr all the peple.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I was deeply saddened t hear abut the recent trnad that struck yur hmetwn, alng with the frequent disasters yu’ve been experiencing. （运用了that引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Regarding China, we als face varius natural disasters, including flds, earthquakes, and ccasinally trnades, and their frequency and severity vary acrss regins. （运用了介词短语作状语）
5．（24-25高一下·甘肃白银·期末）假定你是李华，你的外国网友Je的家乡遭遇了洪涝灾害。请你给他写一封电子邮件，要点包括：
（1）给予安慰和鼓励；
（2）提供帮助。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Je,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Je,
I’m s sad t knw that a heavy fld struck yur hmetwn the ther day. I’m writing t ffer my genuine cncern and sincere backup.
I knw that yu are physically hurt. I d feel bad abut this and I hpe yu can fully recver sn. Meanwhile, never lse heart and dn’t frget I am always by yur side. I have been raising mney and cllecting useful items fr yu, which will be sent t yu as sn as pssible.
Wish yu all the best. And feel free t cntact me if yu need any mre help.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给家乡遭遇洪涝灾害的外国网友Je写一封电子邮件，给予安慰和鼓励。
【详解】1.词汇积累
袭击：strike→hit
提供：ffer→affrd
支援：backup→supprt
完全地：fully→entirely
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing t ffer my genuine cncern and sincere backup.
拓展句：The reasn why I’m writing is that I want t ffer my genuine cncern and sincere backup.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I have been raising mney and cllecting useful items fr yu, which will be sent t yu as sn as pssible.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】And feel free t cntact me if yu need any mre help.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
6．（24-25高一下·江苏连云港·阶段练习）假设你是李华，你校校报英文版正在就“自然灾害的应急处理”这一话题征文，请你以Hw t react in an earthquake为题，就如何应对地震写一篇短文，主要内容包括：
1) 地震的日常防护；
2)震中的自救及注意事项。
注意：1）词数80左右；
2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Hw t react in an earthquake
Hw t react in a disaster like an earthquake really matters. Prper reactin can help reduce damage and even save lives.
If an earthquake ccurs, be aware where and hw t stay safe. D prepare supplies in advance, which may help us survive the disaster. Once encuntering an earthquake, dn’t panic. If inside a rm, stay under strng desks r beds. When escaping frm the scene, never take the lift; therwise we may get trapped. If utside, try t stay ff buildings and electricity supplies and mve t a safer place as sn as pssible.
Fllw what are mentined abve, yu can make yurself safe and sund.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以Hw t react in an earthquake为题，就如何应对地震写一篇短文。其内容包括： 地震的日常防护、震中的自救和注意事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
帮助：help→assist
拯救：save→rescue
发生：ccur→take place
能够：can→be able t
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： Prper reactin can help reduce damage and even save lives.
拓展句：There is n dubt that prper reactin can help reduce damage and even save lives.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 D prepare supplies in advance, which may help us survive the disaster. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Fllw what are mentined abve, yu can make yurself safe and sund.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）
7．（23-24高一上·江西南昌·期末）因为连日大雨, 你所在的城市发生水灾, 你是学校一名小记者, 请你用英语向校刊写一份报道。主要内容包含：
(1)水灾发生的原因;
(2)水灾造成的影响;
(3)灾后情况。
注意：
(1)词数80左右;
(2)可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A fld struck ur city because it had been raining heavily fr several days. As peple received the warning message in advance, nne f them were trapped in the fld. And what’s mst imprtant is that n peple were injured r killed. But it caused the traffic t stp fr a few hurs and destryed pwer facilities, making the electricity supply in sme areas cut ff, which affected peple’s daily life.
After the fld, peple all take actin. Generus peple make dnatins t thse peple in need. With strng supprt frm the lcal gvernment and the jint effrts f lcal peple, nw everything has returned t nrmal.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就你所在的城市发生水灾向校刊写一份报道。其内容包括：水灾发生的原因、水灾造成的影响和灾后情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提前：in advance →ahead f time
被困于：be trapped in →be stuck in
重要的：imprtant→significant
影响：affect→influence
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： Generus peple make dnatins t thse peple in need.
拓展句： Generus peple make dnatins t thse wh are in need.
【点睛】【高分句型1】And what’s mst imprtant is that n peple were injured r killed. （运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】 But it caused the traffic t stp fr a few hurs and destryed pwer facilities, making the electricity supply in sme areas cut ff, which affected peple’s daily life.（运用了现在分词作状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
8．（23-24高一上·吉林辽源·期末）假设你是李华，你校英语报社将举办主题为自然灾害的征文活动。请你给英国朋友Alice写一封邮件，邀请她参加。内容包括：
1. 说明缘由；
2. 请她介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈影响、应对措施等；
3. 告知征文的截稿日期。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Alice,
Our schl English paper will hld an essay cmpetitin whse theme is Natural Disasters.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Alice,
Our schl English paper will hld an essay cmpetitin whse theme is Natural Disasters. I’d like t invite yu t take part in it.
It is well-knwn that many natural disasters happen every year in America, causing great damage. Yu can intrduce the main natural disasters, such as hurricanes and snwstrms and tell sme cmmn knwledge abut them. Fr example, yu can discuss hw they happen, what harm they may cause, and what yu can d in face f disasters. The measures yu take may benefit us, as we als face many natural disasters.
The deadline is June 8th, 2020. Lking frward t yur article.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Alice写一封邮件，邀请她参加学校英语报社将举办主题为自然灾害的征文活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in → participate in
导致：cause → lead t
例如：fr example → fr instance
面对：face → be faced with
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：It is well-knwn that many natural disasters happen every year in America, causing great damage.
拓展句：As is knwn t all, many natural disasters happen every year in America, causing great damage.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Fr example, yu can discuss hw they happen, what harm they may cause, and what yu can d in face f disasters. (运用了hw和what引导的宾语从句作discuss的宾语)
【高分句型2】The measures yu take may benefit us, as we als face many natural disasters. (运用了省略关系代词的定语从句修饰名词measures以及as引导的原因状语从句)