2026届高考英语一轮总复习语法悟通专题突破专题5不容忽视的冠词代词数词和介词短语课件

这是一份2026届高考英语一轮总复习语法悟通专题突破专题5不容忽视的冠词代词数词和介词短语课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了 ③④⑤，⑥⑦ ， an ，the，三者及三者以上 ，两者都不，一些另外一些，某事物 ，2常见搭配，their 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题五　不容忽视的冠词、代词、数词和介词(短语)
考点突破 · 精讲即练
情景导入Tm，a① classmate f mine，is a② Lei Feng in ur class，wh is always ready t help thers.Henry，whse father is a teacher, is cnsidered t be the③ mst diligent student in ur class, wh is the④ first ne t get t schl and the⑤last ne t leave every day.He believes the harder yu study, the mre knwledge yu'll get.Tm likes watching TV while Henry enjys listening t the⑥ radi.Bth f them are wrking fr the⑦ Students' Unin.They are f an⑧ age.
用法感悟1．使用不定冠词的情况：(1)泛指“一个”，如________(2)指与某人或某物有类似性质的人或事物，如________(3)表示“同一，相同”，如______。 2．使用定冠词的情况：(1)根据______可知定冠词the可用在序数词或表示序列的next，last以及最高级前；(2)根据_________可知定冠词the可用在固定搭配中。
考点一　冠 词一、不定冠词的3种基本用法和2种灵活用法1．3种基本用法(1)表示类指或指某类中的“任何一个”。It is generally accepted that a by must learn t stand up and fight like a man.普遍认为男孩必须学会站起来并像个男子汉一样去奋斗。
(2)表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。It was a cld winter night and the mn was shining brightly acrss the night sky.那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。(3)表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数量概念没有ne强烈。Rme was nt built in a day.罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
2．2种灵活用法(1)表示“某一个”，相当于sme/a certain。A Mr. Brwn came t see yu just nw.刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。(2)“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一；再一”；“a mst＋形容词”表示“非常；很”。He missed the gld in the high jump, but will get a secnd chance in the lng jump.他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(赢得金牌的)机会。
二、定冠词的5种基本用法1．特指某人或某事。2．用在专有名词前或与世界上独一无二的事物连用。3．用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级及nly, very, same等之前。4．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hur, by the day, by the week, by the dzen, by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。
—It's said Jhn will get a jb paying ver $600,000 a year.—Right, he will als get paid by the week.——据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过六十万美元的工作。——是的，而且会按周付薪。
5．某些形容词前面加定冠词，表示某类人或物。The injured were taken t the nearest hspital withut delay.受伤的人被立刻送到了最近的医院。
三、冠词在固定搭配中的用法1．不定冠词在固定搭配中的用法have a lk 看一下take a bath/walk/rest冲凉/散步/休息as a matter f fact事实上all f a sudden突然in a hurry匆忙地d sb a favur帮某人一个忙keep an eye n留心
2．定冠词在固定搭配中的用法n the whle总体上t tell the truth说实话n the cntrary相反in the end最后in the charge f由……负责
四、零冠词的3种基本用法1．在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指时不用冠词。2．称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、宾语补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。Dr Peter Spence, headmaster f the schl, tld us, “A fifth f pupils here g n t further study at Oxfrd and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得·斯宾塞告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津大学或剑桥大学深造。”3．表示时间、节日、季节、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。
即时演练(一)单句语法填空1．Autumn, a wrd dating back t the late 1300s, became ppular as _____ alternative.2. When I see a child under this kind f pressure, I think f Tm. He was ____ shy, nervus by.3．And withut curage, we'll never step int ______ unknwn.4．In fact，cmmunicatin has been ______ best way t prmte each ther's understanding and trust.
【例1】　When we gt a call saying she was shrt-listed，we thught it was a jke.分析：考查冠词。此处表示“我们以为那是一个玩笑”，jke为单数可数名词，在此处表示泛指，且jke的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
【例2】　Unexpectedly，I'm face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at the tp f her vice.分析：考查固定搭配。句意：出乎意料的是，我和那只大猩猩面对面，它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the tp f ne's vice高声地；声嘶力竭地。故填the。
考点二　代 词情景导入We① students shuld get n well with each ther.But in fact, smething② unpleasant can happen frm time t time.Fr example, yesterday afternn, it③ was fine.All④ f us went ut t the playgrund.Sme were playing games and thers⑤ were playing ftball when tw bys f us quarreled and then fught. Every ne f us was cnfused because they were ever very gd friends and nbdy⑥ culd exactly tell what they fught fr.Neither⑦ f them wanted t give in t the ther⑧.I thught it⑨ wrng f them t d s.
用法感悟1．(1)①We是人称代词的____格。 (2)③it指_____；⑨it为形式____语。 2．(1)④All表示_______________的“全部”；不定代词⑦Neither表示___________。 (2)⑧the ther指____者中的另一个。 (3)⑤表示____________________。 (4)②smething表示_______；⑥nbdy表示“没有人，谁也不”，只指____，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1．分类
Yu can't leave the baby by himself.你不能留下孩子一个人。She is nt quite herself tday.她今天不在状态。I myself can repair the bike.我自己能修那辆自行车。
二、it的用法1．基本用法指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象，还可以指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。The emplyment rate has cntinued t rise in big cities thanks t the effrts f the lcal gvernments t increase it.由于当地政府努力提高就业率，大城市的就业率不断上升。
2．it作形式主语和形式宾语的常用句型
It is n use crying ver the spilt milk.为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。(覆水难收。)It seems that he has made a serius mistake.他似乎犯了一个严重的错误。It tk him much energy t write the nvel.写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力。I find it easy t get n with Jim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。
三、不定代词1．ther，thers，the ther，anther
I have tw bks; ne is English, and the ther is French.我有两本书，一本是英语书，另一本是法语书。Shpping n the Internet enables peple nt t search fr gds frm ne stre t anther.网购使人们不必从一家店到另一家店地寻找商品。Yu are a team star! Wrking with thers is really yur cup f tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你喜欢的事。
2．bth，all，either，any，neither，nne
As the tw dictinaries are useful, I'll take bth and either f them is very imprtant t me.由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都买下来，每一本对我来说都非常重要。Larry asks Bill and Peter t g n a picnic with him, but neither f them wants t, because they have wrk t d.拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。All hrses are animals, but nt all animals are hrses.所有的马都是动物，但是并不是所有的动物都是马。
【点津】(1)固定搭配： anything but(根本不), nthing but(只不过；仅仅)，all but(几乎；差一点)，nne but(仅仅；只有)。(2)everything意为“每件事物；所有事物”，强调整体，与nt连用时表示部分否定，意为“并不是所有事物都……”。(3)bth，all与 nt连用表示部分否定；表示全部否定时应用 neither，nne。
四、指示代词： ne(s)、that、thse
The basic design f the car is very similar t that f the earlier mdel.这款车的基本设计与之前车型的设计非常相似。At ur factry there are a few machines similar t thse described in this magazine.我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。We've been lking fr a cheap huse but haven't fund ne yet.我们一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没找到。【点津】在句中为避免重复， ne(s)，that，thse等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。
即时演练(二)单句语法填空1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them t be lifted ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f ________(they) cntents.2．(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremny, pening ______(it) first exhibitin：The Avenue f Truth—A Special Exhibitin f Pu'er Tea.
3．As the sng ges，this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitr's memry.It sure des in _______(I)．4．Ecturism has ______(it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s.
【例1】　Recycling is ne way t prtect the envirnment; reuse is anther .分析：句意：(废品)回收利用是一种保护环境的方式，而重复使用是另外一种(保护环境的)方式。 本题构成结构。anther再一，又一，另一。故填anther。
【例2】　Surprisingly, Susan's beautiful hair reached belw her knees and made itself (it) almst an vercat fr her.分析：句子成分法。句意：让人吃惊的是，苏珊漂亮的头发一直垂到她的膝盖之下，使它几乎成了她的一件长大衣。设空处作 made的宾语，指代Susan's beautiful hair，应用反身代词。故填itself。
【例3】　New technlgies have made it pssible t turn ut new prducts faster and at a lwer cst.分析：句式结构法。句意：新技术已经使更快、成本更低地生产新产品成为可能。动词不定式短语t turn ut...在句中是真正的宾语，设空处应用形式宾语it。故填it。
考点三　数词情景导入Mister Smith is sixty① years ld and yesterday was his 60th② birthday. He still remembers in the 1990s③ when he was in his thirties③， he drank dzens f④ bttles f beer a day.Hwever, he spent thusands f④ dllars in hspital. Later, tw fifths⑤ f his spare time was spent in taking exercise.
用法感悟①数词的基本形式为______。②表示数词的顺序往往用________。大部分是在基数词的基础上加-th。以-y结尾的基数词变序数词，把-y变成-i再加-eth。③“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“___________________”。“in ne's＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“_____________________”。④具体数字＋dzen/scre/hundred/thusand/millin等词时，后面直接加_______；表示笼统数目时，用dzens/scres/hundreds/thusands/millins f＋_______。⑤分数表达：分子用_____词，分母用_____词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加___，如：1/3：ne third,2/3：tw thirds。
1．序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以-y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加-eth。如the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个：first, secnd, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一”“再一”时，要用不定冠词。2．年龄、年代的表达法：表示“在某人几十多岁时”用“in ne's＋逢十的基数词的复数”；表示“在几十年代”用“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”。
3．基数词dzen, scre, hundred, thusand, millin等表示确切数目时不能加-s，其前可用数词或several, sme等修饰，此时其后通常不跟f(后有these, thse或代词宾格时可跟f)；表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加-s，其前不能用数词，其后可跟f。4．基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符“-”连接，作前置定语，其中的名词应用单数形式，如：a fur-hur jurney。5．分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于一时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如：tw-sevenths七分之二。
即时演练(三)单句语法填空1．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp's fables date t the ________ (six) century B．C.2．I've always lved the cean. In the ________ (nine) grade, I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia.
3．In the summer hliday fllwing my _____________ (eighteen) birthday, I tk driving lessns.4．Thugh in her ____________ (seventy), she still wrked 8 hurs a day in the pet shp.
eighteenth
seventies
【例1】　Withut a secnd (tw) thught，he agreed t jin the club.分析：固定句型。withut a secnd thught毫不犹豫，不假思索。故填secnd。【例2】　30% f the river has been plluted (pllute) by the water frm the factry already and many fish have disappeared.分析：对号入座法。百分数作主语，根据指代的river可知用单数。故填has been plluted。
【例3】　Then，when I was in the fifth (five) grade，I wanted t be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much.分析：语境分析法。根据句意可知，此处用序数词。故填fifth。
考点四　介词和介词短语一、常考介词1．表示时间和方位的介词
He climbed ver the wall.他爬过了那堵墙。In fact, half f the 6,000 t 7,000 languages spken arund the wrld tday will likely die ut by the next century, accrding t the UNESCO.根据联合国教科文组织的说法，事实上，全球范围内的六千至七千种语言中，有一半到下个世纪可能会消失。
即时演练(四)单句语法填空1．It began n 19 January and finished _____ the early mrning f 20 January.2．The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It was built riginally t prtect the city _____ the Tang Dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred.
3．The new by lked at the teacher ______ a few secnds and all the ther students wndered what the by wuld d.4．“Speed up. 70 km/h isn't fast enugh.Yu are hlding up traffic，” rdered anther vice frm the seat next _____ me.
【点津】(1)在以下短语中，at表示时间段。at dinner time　在(吃)晚饭时at weekends/the weekend在周末(2)当时间名词前有this, that, last, next, every, each, sme等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。this mrning今天上午last year去年
(3)“n＋名词或动词-ing形式”结构可以表示“一……就……”。On my arrival/arriving hme, I discvered they had gne.我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。
3.表示“除了”的介词(短语)
【点津】besides还可作副词，意为“另外；而且”，在句中常作插入语。I dn't want t g; besides, it's t late nw.我不想去；而且现在太晚了。
二、介词短语1．“at＋名词”表示状态at a lss 不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平中at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at wrk在工作
2．“by＋名词”表示方式by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by frce用暴力by hand手工地 by mistake错误地by the mnth按月算
3．“beynd＋名词”表示状态beynd cmparisn无与伦比beynd cntrl失控beynd descriptin难以描述beynd dubt毋庸置疑beynd expressin难以表达beynd(ne's) reach够不到
4．“in＋名词”表示状态in bed在床上in danger处于危险中in debt负债in difficulty处境困难in high spirits情绪高昂in need在危难中；在穷困中的in rder整齐；井然有序in surprise吃惊地in truble在困境中in use使用中
5．“n＋名词”表示状态n a trip在旅行n business出差n display/shw在展出n duty在值班n hliday/vacatin在度假n sale在出售n strike在罢工n the way在途中
6．“ut f＋名词”表示状态ut f balance失去平衡ut f cntrl失去控制ut f danger脱离危险ut f date过期ut f rder出故障ut f wrk失业
7．“under＋名词”表示状态under cnsideratin在考虑中under cnstructin在建造中under cntrl在控制之下under discussin在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中
8．其他高频介词短语against time争分夺秒at the sight f一看到……at the age f在……岁时in the face f面对；面临in additin(t)另外；除了in case f万一in charge f负责；主管
in favur f赞成；支持in need f需要in n time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparatin fr为……做准备in return fr作为回报f help/use有帮助的/有用的f imprtance重要的n behalf f代表
即时演练(五)单句语法填空1．The mst imprtant thing is t practice. Yu can d this _____ jining such kind f clubs.2．Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia. In India, fr example, mst peple traditinally eat _______ their hands.3．Yu'll succeed _____ time as lng as yu lve it with passin because life will give back what yu put int it.
4．Yu dn't lk very surprised _____ the gd news.5．There are a number f things we can d by learning a few life-saving skills fr cnditins _________ ur cntrl.6．Ancient architecture in China stands ut ______ its fine wden structures, the elegant utside and beautiful decratin.
三、动词与介词构成的搭配1．“动词＋sb.＋f＋sth.”结构accuse sb. f sth.指责/控告某人某事cure sb. f sth.治好某人的某种疾病rid sb. f sth.使某人摆脱某物cheat sb. f sth.骗走某人某物remind sb. f sth.使某人想起某事
infrm sb. f sth.通知某人某事rb sb. f sth.抢劫某人某物warn sb. f sth.警告某人某事cnvince sb. f sth.使某人确信某事suspect sb. f sth.怀疑某人某事
3．“动词＋sb./sth.＋frm＋(ding) sth.”结构prevent/stp/keep sb./sth. frm ding sth.阻止某人/物做某事prtect/preserve/defend/shelter sb./sth. frm being dne保护某人/物免于被……ban/prhibit sb./sth. frm ding sth.禁止某人/物做某事
4．其他常考的动词与介词的搭配accunt fr占……(比例)；解释……(原因)act as充当；起作用break away frm 脱离；逃离bring abut引起；导致；造成call fr (去)接；需要；(公开)要求carry ut履行；实施；执行carry thrugh帮助……渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现cme acrss (偶然)遇见，碰见；发现
cme t an end终止，结束cme up with提出d harm t对……有害d withut没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去end up with以……结束get acrss被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚get arund传播；流传；各处走动get dwn t开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事get ver解决；克服；控制
get rid f除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get thrugh正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等)give rise t使发生give way t屈服；退让；让步g against违反；与……不符g in fr参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好g thrugh经历keep in tuch with与……保持联系lk dwn n/upn轻视；瞧不起
lk int调查；审查make the best f充分利用；尽力而为be made up f由……组成put up with忍受，容忍see thrugh看穿；识破see t照料；处理
set abut着手做shw arund/rund领(某人)参观shw ff炫耀；展示take in吸入；理解，领会take n承担；呈现，具有wrk ut计算出；制定出
即时演练(六)单句语法填空1．She patted him _____ the head and said，“My little by，d yu feel mre cmfrtable nw than befre？”2．If yu culd exchange lives _______ smene fr a shrt time, wuld yu like t d that? 3．As a result, he spends his life in a wheelchair and cannt write _____ means f a pen r pencil.
4．But wildlife tday disappears r is _____ danger just because humans d harm t it.5．Many times we dn't realize hw rutine ur lives have becme and hw much we take them ______ granted until we find urselves in a new situatin.6．The teacher paused _____ purpse t remind the students t stp talking.
【例1】　The study fund that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in wmen and men.分析：此处指农村女性和男性的平均BMI值“增加了2.1”，应用介词by。故填by。