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2026年中考英语专题复习:句子成分+非谓语动词 讲义 无答案
展开 这是一份2026年中考英语专题复习:句子成分+非谓语动词 讲义 无答案,共23页。学案主要包含了非谓语动词之动名词,非谓语动词之分词等内容,欢迎下载使用。
考点一:句子成分和基本句型
句子成分
主语和宾语之间成分一致
主要句子成分:主语(subject)---s; 谓语(predicate)---v
N. 1 主语
概念和位置:句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,通常位于句首。
通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
语序:正常:主语+谓语; 全部倒装:谓语+主语;
部分倒装:情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词。
N. 2 谓语
表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当,一般位于主语之后。
充当:一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当,谓语有时态与语态的变化,同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约,如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。
(1)由单一动词 V.做谓语 We are Chinese.
(2)情态 V + V 原 He can speak English well.
(3)助 V +V I have seen this man befre.
N. 3 宾语
通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。
1.名词或相当于名词的短语 I accepted yur wise advice.
2.代词或相当于代词的短语 All f us like him.
3.数词或数词短语 Give me fur.
4. the + 形容词表示一类人 They teach the blind t read.
5.不定式或不定式短He began t learn English a year ag./He did nt knw what t say.
6.动名词或动名词短语 He is used t wrking at night./This bk is wrth reading.
7.从句 I think that he is right./I wnder if yu'd like t g with us.
N. 4 表语 (在系动词之后)
由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。
1.形容词 I feel much better tday.
2.代词 The bk is mine.
3.名词或名词所有格 They are my students.
4.数词 His telephne number is 88888888.
5.副词 They are ver there.
6.介词短语 They are in truble.
7.不定式短语 My dream is t g t cllege.
8.动词 ing 短语 His hbby is cllecting stamps.
9.过去分词短语 My camera is brken.
10.从句 The truth is what he said just nw.
N. 5 定语
概念:修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语;
位置: 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前,但是在修饰 any-,sme-,n, every-等构成的单词,如 smething 等时,应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。
充当:定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。
N. 6 状语
概念:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。状语位置灵活。
修饰整个句子时放于句首;
修饰形容词或副词时放于其后;
表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后,若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如 almst、ften 等作状语常放于 be 动词、情态动词之后,放于实义动词之前。
通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。
1.副词或副词短语作状语 He speaks English very well.
2.介词短语作状语 The by was praised fr his bravery.
3.动词不定式短语 The bx is t heavy fr me t lift.
4.动词 ing 短语 Wearing a pair f sunglasses, he went ut .
5.过去分词短语 Written in a hurry, the article was nt s gd.
6.从句作状语 If I am nt busy tmrrw, I will play ftball with yu.
N.7补语
概念和位置:有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明,补语有两种,分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语,用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。
充当:常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。高考英语试题主要考查非谓语动词作补足语的语法。
Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre meaningful.(形容词做宾补)
We sincerely wish yu a quick recvery and an early return t China.(名词短语作宾补)
Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better knwn t British students. (过去分词短语作宾补)
N.8 同位语
概念和位置:对句子中某一名词(词组)做进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。
充当:同位语可用名词、代词、名词短语、同位语从句等充当。
1. This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland's best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. (名词)
基本句型
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S +V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S +link-V +P (主+系+表)
基本句型三: S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S +V +IO +O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S +V +O +C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型一:S +V(主+谓)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如:
1.Time flies. 2. The mn rse.
基本句型二:S +link-V +P(主+系+表)
(1)表示状态和持续的连系动词。这些词有:be, lk, seem, appear, smell, taste, sund, keep, remain,cntinue;stay 等等。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:becme, get, grw, turn, g, cme, prve 等。
1. This is an English dictinary.
2. The dinner smells gd.
基本句型三:S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
1. Wh knws the answer? 2. She laugh at her. 3. He understands English.
主谓宾和主系表的区别
句型
谓语后区别
谓语词性或形式
主谓宾
主语≠宾语
宾语不能是形容词或者介词短语
主系表
主语≈宾语
表语可以是形容词或者介词短语
例:I lve yu 宾语 she is beautiful!
基本句型四:S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。
1. She passed him a new dress.
2. She cked her husband a delicius meal.
He brught yu a dictinary.
直接宾语:动作的直接承受者
间接宾语:动作的间接接受者
基本句型五:S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
宾补:对宾语补充说明
1.I find the girl beautiful.
2. We keep the table clean.
3. They painted the dr green.
4. They call supper dinner.
句型
区别1
区别二
区别三
主谓直宾间宾
直宾≠间宾
双宾不能是形容词/介短
间宾可以去掉
句子依然完整
主谓宾+宾补
宾语≈宾补
(有be关系)
宾补可以是形容词和介短
宾补不可以去掉
一旦去掉句子不完整
例:1.I fund yu a dg. I find the dg lvely
3.I find yu a dg. I made yu my assistant.(宾补可以去吗?)
例题解析
Which is the ADVERBIAL f the fllwing sentence “He is ding the husewrk nw.”?
A.“He” B.“is ding” C.“the husewrk” D.“nw”
判断句型以及各类成分
(1)We frget these writers.
(2)These writers are frgtten.
(3) He gt her a present.
(4)The apple tastes gd.
考点二、非谓语动词之动名词
【注意】非谓语动词是在句子中除了谓语动词之外的动词,不做谓语成分,一个句子中只有一个谓语动词,剩下的都是非谓语。
动名词的句法功能
(1)作主语
动名词作主语,放在句子的前面,但当动名词短语较长时,为了使句子保持平衡,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。 Reading makes a man perfect.阅读使人完美。
①it 作形式主语,动名词作真正的主语的常用句型:
1.It is a waste f time ding sth ...做是浪费时间。
2.It is n gd/n use ding ...做是不好的/没用的。
3.It is hardly/scarcely wrth ding ...做不值得。
4.It is wrth/wrthwhile ding ...做是值得的。如:
5.It is n gd reading in the sun.在阳光下看书是不好的。
6.It is useless remembering wrds nly.只记单词是没有用的。
7.It is a waste f time ding such a thing.做这种事情是浪费时间。
8.It is wrth discussing the prblem.讨论这个问题是值得的。
②动名词作主语常用于 there be 句型。如:
There is n pint ding such a silly thing.做这样一件傻事毫无意义。
There is n stpping him.无法阻止他。
③动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:
Talking mends n hles.空谈无济于事。
(2)作宾语
动名词作宾语,既可用于及物动词和短语动词后作宾语,也可用于介词后作介词的宾语。如:
He enjys reading stries.他喜欢读故事。
I dislike playing cards.我不喜欢打牌。
注意:
①并不是所有的及物动词都可以用动名词作宾语,动名词只能做某些及物动词及短语动词的宾语。可以用动名词作宾语的动词常用的有:enjy,finish,spend,mind,keep,practice,stp,admit,advise,allw,avid,dislike,miss,suggest。
可以用动名称作宾语的短语动词有:can't help,give up,keep n,feel like,carry n,put ff,insist n,get dwn t,lk frwards t,be/get used t 等。
(3)作表语
动名词作表语,有两种情况:①当动名词具有名词性质时,动名词短语说明主语的内容;②当动名词具有形容词性质时,动名词说明主语的性质或特征。如:
His jb is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。(说明工作的内容)
His jb is interesting.他的工作很有趣。(说明工作的特征)
注意: 当动词-ing 的动作是主语所发出时,句子不是系表结构,而是现在进行时。如:
He is teaching Japanese at that schl.他在那所学校教日语。(现在进行时)
(4)作定语
动名词或动名词短语作定语,有的放在它所修饰的名词之前,有的放在它所修饰的名词之后。
①单个的动名词作定语时,总是位于被修饰的名词之前,说明被修饰名词的目的、用途或特征。如:China is a develping cuntry.中国是一个发展中国家。
②动名词后接名词、代词或副词构成的短语作定语时,总是位于所修饰的名词之后,说明名词所处的状态或进行的动作。如:
The by studying in the classrm is Li Lei.在教室里学习的那个男孩是李雷。
Dn't truble the dg sleeping ver there .不要惹是生非。
(5)作同位语
动名词作同位语,位于同位的名词之后,且跟前面的名词用逗号隔开,表示前面名词的内容。如:His idea,helping farmers get in their crps,interested us very much.我们对他那帮助农民收割庄稼的想法很感兴趣。
The gal,making tw thusand cars this mnth,excites the wrkers.本月生产两千辆小汽车的目标使工人们很兴奋。
(三)常见跟动词的 ing 形式的情况总结归纳
动词: finish ding sth.完成做某事;
enjy ding sth. 喜欢做某事;
practice ding sth. 练习做某事
;imagine ding,想象做某事;
avid ding sth.避免做某事;
cnsider ding sth.考虑做某事;
suggest ding sth.建议做某事;
mind ding sth.介意做某事;
keep ding sth.持续做
我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词
完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be wrth, be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep n, be used t, give up)
考虑建议不禁想(cnsider, suggest, can't help, feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjy, miss, mind)
②固定短语:
feel like ding sth.喜欢做某事;
be busy ding sth.忙于做某事
be wrth ding 值得做某事;
spend time (in) ding sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事;
have difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding sth 做某事有困难;
have fun ding.做某事高兴
③介词后(n, in, f, abut, at, with, withut, fr, frm, up, by 等)
如:be gd at ding sth= d well in ding sth..;
thank yu fr ding sth.;
give up ding sth.;
stp/keep/prevent sb. frm ding sth.;
be afraid f ding sth.;
be interested in ding sth.;
be prud f; instead f;
be fnd f
④t 作介词+ding
lk frward t ding sth (盼望)
2.pay attentin t ding sth.(注意)
3.be used t ding sth. (习惯于)
4.prefer ding sth t ding sth.(更喜欢)
t ding sth (致力于)
6. make a cntributin t ding (做贡献)
例题解析:
Nwadays the vlunteers frm the charity are busy mney fr the children wh have infantile autism (自闭症). (cllect)
After (finish) ding yur hmewrk, yu can have a gd rest.
3.Thanks a lt fr (invite) me t yur huse.
4.T avid (hit)the truck, he ran int the wall and his arm was badly
hurt.
5.All the students are lking frward t (meet) the famus singer.
6.—The windw is brken and needs ________.
—I think s. They can hardly keep ut the cld nw.
A.repairing B.t repair C.repaired D.be repaired
考点二、非谓语动词之不定式
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
(一)动词不定式的结构
动词不定时的构成:不定式的基本形式为:t+动词原形,有时可以不用 t,这里的 t 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是 nt+(t+)动词原形。
(1) 肯定式:t + 动词原形 It’s nice t meet yu.
(2)否定式:nt t + 动词原形 He tld me nt t leave this rm
(t 是不定式符号,无意义,有时可以不带)
(二)动词不定式的句法功能
1. 不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为:
①It is +adj.+fr/f sb.+(nt)t d sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是"。
②It takes sb.+sme time+t d sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间"
如:T learn English well is useful.→ It is useful t learn English well.
注意:在 kind,gd,nice,clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用 fr 而用 f。如:
2. 不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:
wuld like, like, want, wish, hpe, decide, plan, expect 等。
如: Wuld yu like t see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗?
②在 find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时,常用 it 代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如:
I find it easy t read English every day.
3.不定式作定语
不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
注意:如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There is nthing t wrry abut. 没有什么可担心的。
The rm is big enugh fr 10 peple t live in .
4.表示具体的、个 别的动作或有将来含义时,一般用不定式。
My wish is t becme a gd teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
5.不定式作状语
不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
T get there n time, we set ut at five in the mrning.
He ges there t enjy the fresh air.
He wrked day and night t get the mney.
(三)跟动词不定时的情况总结
跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳:(加强记忆)
①动词:agree t d 同意去做;
affrd t d 买得起;
decide t d 决定去做某事;
hpe t d 希望去做;
wish t d 希望去做;
fail t d 做某事失败去;
plan t d 打算去做;
pretend t d 假装去做;
refuse t d 拒绝去做;
wuld like t d=want t d 想要去做某事;
learn t d 学做;
prefer t d sth. 喜欢(爱)做某事;
sb. seem t d sth 好像做某事;
used t d sth. 过去常做某事
②句型.
allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人去做某事
ask/tell sb. (nt) t d sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)
fllw sb. t d sth. 跟随某人去做某事 get sb. t d sth. 让某人做某事
warn sb. (nt) t d sth. 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)
encurage sb. t d sth. 鼓励某人做某事 be afraid t d sth. 害怕做某事
be excited/glad/happy/srry/ frightened/amazed/surprised t d sth.
be/get ready t d sth.准备做某事 can’t wait t d sth. 迫不急待地去做某事
get/have a chance t d sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
It’s + adj.+(fr sb.) t d sth. / It’s +adj. +(f sb.) t d sth.
It takes sb. sme time t d sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
It’s time fr sb. t d sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
t...(fr sb.) t ...太以致不能 ==nt... enugh t d (常考)
prefer t d sth. rather than d sth. 宁愿而不愿(常考)
smething t eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西
Sth. is hard/difficult/easy t d 做好某事很难/容易
take turns t d sth. 轮流做
There is n time (fr sb. ) t d sth. 对(某人来说)没时间做某事了
There is n need (fr sb.) t d sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事
try/d ne’s best t d sth. 尽力去做某事
have n chice but t d sth 别无选择只能做某事
have smething/nthing t d with sb 与有关/无关
例题解析:
1.The naughty bys were made ________ their maths hmewrk the next day.
A.handing up B.hand ut C.t hand in D.t handing ff
2.________ a bright future, we teenagers shuld study hard and keep in gd health.
A.Get B.T get C.Getting D.Gt
3.He’s made a decisin (give up) the chance t g abrad.
4.We are suppsed (d) sme husewrk fr ur parents when we have free time.
5.Her mther tld her (take) ut the rubbish after lunch.
考点三、非谓语动词之分词
分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词,分词分为现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。
*现在分词表示“主动和进行”
*过去分词表示“被动和完成”
(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
(一)现在分词的句法功能
现在分词的时态和语态
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生;
2.现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前;
Walking dwn the street, he hears smene calling him.
在街上走着,他听到有人叫他。
Having spent nearly all ur mney, we culdn’t affrd t stay at a htel.
我们几乎花光了所有的钱,没有钱住宾馆了。
3.现在分词的主动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者;
Nt knwing her address, we culdn’t get in tuch with her.
由于不知道她的住址,我们无法和她取得联系。
4.现在分词的被动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者;
The area being studied is called an archelgical site.
正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。
The huses being built are fr the teachers.
正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。
N. 1 作定语
现在分词作定语
a swimming by(a by wh is swimming)
The man speaking t Lily(the man wh is speaking t Lily)
动名词作定语
a sleeping car(a car fr sleeping)卧车
a washing machine(a machine fr washing)洗衣机
a walking stick = a stick (which is used) fr walking 拐杖
a reading rm=a rm (which is used) fr reading 阅览室
易混点:
(1) 现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作,二者是逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词形式作定语相当于一个定语从句,强调经常性状态或动作的进行。单个词通常要前置,短语要后置。
Jhn has really gt the jb because he shwed me the fficial letter ffering him it.(=定语从句 Jhn ... the
fficial letter which/that ffers him it.)
约翰的确得到了这份工作,因为他给我看了提供他工作的正式信函。
N. 2 作表语
具有形容词的性质,说明主语的性质、特征。
He’s really amusing and tells jkes when he thinks we’re getting bred.
他的确和风趣,而且当他认为我们感到厌烦时,就会给我们讲笑话。
N. 3 作状语
现在分词的一般式,即 ding 表示动作和谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生,与句子的主语是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即 having dne 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。现在分词在句中作结果、时间、原因、伴随、方式、条件、让步等状语。
(1) It hasn’t rained fr a mnth, making the crps hard t grw. (作结果状语,常用于句尾)一个月没下雨了,庄家很难生长。
(2) When reading the nvel, I heard the telephne ring.(作时间状语,分词前面可加 when, while 等词。)看小说时我听到电话响了。
(3) Living far frm the schl, he has t get up early every mrning.(原因状语)由于住的离学校远,他必修每天早起。
(4) Seeing nbdy at hme, she decided t leave them a nte.(主动意义,非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生)看到没人在家,她决定给他们留个便条。
Having waited fr an hur, he realized he had left his wallet at hme.(主动意义,非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)
等了一个小时后,他意识到他把钱包落在了家中。
(6) Having been asked t wrk vertime that evening, I missed a wnderful film.(被动意义,非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。
N. 4 作补语
说明宾语的性质、特征或正在做的动作。一般在感官动词和使役动词后用现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义,变成被动语态时,宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。
使役动词/感官动词+宾语+现在分词作宾补(意义主动或正在进行)
I have tw men wrking fr me in the cmpany.
我让两个人在公司为我工作。(表示主动进行)
I heard an English sng being sung by a little girl at the English evening.(sing 动作正在被做)我在英语晚会上听见有个小女孩唱英文歌。
(二)过去分词的句法功能
过去分词只有一般式,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语、补语等。
Given anther hur, I can als wrk ut this prblem.再给我一个小时,我也能做出这道题。
N. 1 作定语
(1) 及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示被动和完成;不及物动词的过去分词一般作前置定语,不表示被动,只表示完成。
There are fallen leaves n the grund in fall.秋天地上到处是落叶。
(只表示完成,不表示被动)
Lk at the brken glasses. 看看这些碎了的玻璃杯。(表示被动和完成)
作定语的不及物动词分词形式:ding 和 dne。ding 表示正在进行;dne 表示已经完成。
biling water 正在沸腾的水biled water 开水
develping cuntries 发展中国家develped cuntries 发达国家
N. 2 作表语
过去分词作表语时,它们大多数是已经形容词化的,而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词,表示主语所处的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情。
She is interested in the stry.她对那个故事感兴趣。
易混点:现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉”,现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系,其过去分词含有被动意味,即“人被引起某种感觉”。
易混易错点:
(1) stp ding/t d
stp t d 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。They stp t smke a cigarette.
stp ding 停止做某事。I must stp smking.
2) frget ding/t d (同 remember)
frget t d 忘记要去做某事(未做)
The light is still n. He frgt t turn it ff.(没有做关灯的动作)
frget ding 忘记做过某事(已做) He frgt turning the light ff. ( 已做过关灯的动作)
3) regret ding/t d
regret t d 对要做的事遗憾。(未做)I regret t have t d this, but I have n chice.
regret ding 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) I dn't regret telling her what I thught.
4) try ding/t d
try t d 努力,企图做某事。Yu must try t be mre careful.
try ding 试验,试着做某事。 I tried gardening but didn't succeed.
6) g n ding/t d
g n t d 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。
After he had finished his maths,he went n t d his physics.
g n ding 继续做原来做的事。
7) mean ding/t d
mean t d 打算、想 I mean t g, but my father wuld nt allw me t.
mean ding 意味着 T raise wage(提高工资)means increasing purchasing pwer(购买力)
8)can't help t d/ding
can't help t d 不能帮助做某事 He culdn’t help t wash the clthes. 我不能帮忙洗衣服。
can't help ding 情不自禁做 She culdn’t help smiling. 她禁不住笑了起来。
9)关于 use 的短语:
used t d 过去常常做某事
be/get used t ding 习惯做
Sb use sth t d/fr ding 使用...做 被动 sth be used t d/fr ding
10)have sb d sth 让某人做某事=make sb d sth
have sb ding sth 让某人做某事=keep sb ding
have sth dne 让某事被做
11)宁愿做而不愿做
prefer (nt) t d sth. 宁愿(不)做某事= wuld rather (nt) d sth.
prefer sb. (nt) t d sth. 宁愿某人(不)去做某事
prefer t d sth.1 rather than d sth.2 宁愿做事情 1,而不愿做事情 2.
=wuld rather d sth.1 than (d) sth.2
=prefer ding sth.1 t ding sth.2 (t 为介词)
12)既可跟 d 又可跟 ding 形式的情况:
d (强调全过程或经常做,注意被动语态)
see/watch/hear/ntice sb
ding(强调正在做)
need/want/require (sb) t d sth 需要(某人)做某事
13)Sth need/want/require ding sth=t be dne 某事需要被做
例题解析:
1.When I passed by the cmmunity, I saw neighburs (chat)with each ther happily.
2. (cnnect) the tw cities, the high-speed railway plays an imprtant
rle in ur daily life.
3.We will have the ballns in the classrm t celebrate the cming
new year. (hang)
4.—Yu lk upset. What’s the matter?
—I had my invitatin (refuse) again.
5.—Have yu heard the news?—Yes. The schl bradcasting statin annunced that ur schl had put the mney (raise) by them t gd use t buy new instruments fr kids.
当堂练习:
分析句子类型以及标出成分。
I taste the apple.
He gt his shes and scks wet.
I fund the bk easily.
I fund the bk easy
They elected him as the chairman f the Students’ Unin.
He was elected as the chairman f the Students’ Unin.
It is easy fr peple (travel) arund Huai’an by tram (有轨电车).
3.The bus was late. The pr ld man had n chice but (wait) in the rain.
4.After the rainstrm, the grund is cvered with leaves (fall).
5.When I passed by the hall, I heard many students ________ the musical instruments.
A.play B.playing C.t play
6.—Hurry up, Jasn! We’re ging t the cinema, but the clthes still need
________. —Dn’t wrry. I think thirty minutes is enugh.
A.washing B.t wash C.washed D.wash
Thanks, Mm. This is the best gift I have ever received.
A.宾语 B.定语 C.主语 D.表语
8.He always feels sad abut his wife’s death.
A.谓语 B.表语 C.定语 D.主语
9.Yu must keep quiet in the schl library.
A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.谓语
10.Yu’d better wear mre clthes because it’s cld utside.
A.定语 B.状语 C.谓语 D.表语
I’m really lking frward ________ with yu n the prject.
A.wrk B.t wrk C.wrking D.t wrking
12.—I feel really tired after wrking fr a lng time.
—Why nt cnsider ________ a break?
A.have B.t have C.Having
13.I think ________ nt difficult ________ English every mrning.
A.that; keep reading B.it’s; t keep reading
C.that; t keep read D.it; t keep t read
14.—Mr. Lee is an animal-lver. He spends as much time as he can ________
animals. —He is a true friend f animals.
A.prtect B.prtects C.t prtect D.prtecting
15.Many students have difficulty ________ with their parents, which causes
truble in their life.
A.cmmunicate B.t cmmunicate C.cmmunicating D.cmmunicated
16.—Wuld yu mind my ________ here?
—Better nt. If yu d that, yu will be fined (罚款).
A.smke B.t smke C.smking D.smkeing
17.I asked Uncle Tm t stp ________ because he didn’t feel well.
A.smke B.smked C.t smke D.smking
18.I’m sleepy. I prefer ________ at hme t ________ ut fr a walk.
A.sleeping; ging B.t sleep; g C.slept; g D.sleep; ging
19.Recently, ________ in public places is frbidden.
A.smke B.t smke C.smked D.smking
20.I ften practice ________ the pian in the mrning, but my neighbrs dn’t mind
________ the sund.
A.play; hearing B.playing; hearing C.playing; t hear
家庭作业
1.Our gvernment has taken actin (make) life in the cuntryside better.
2.The spirit f Lei Feng tells us (help) peple in need.
3.I’ve decided (stay)away frm fried fd and sft drinks since I had my medical exam.
4.Li Hua lives a green life and __________ the waste int different grups fr
recycling.
A.divides B.will divide C.was dividing D.divided
5.Peple used t pay in cash(现金), but nw mst f them ________ that mainly
thrugh WeChat and Alipay.
A.used t ding B.used t d C.gt used t ding D.are used t ding
6.Mike is new in the schl. Either the students r the teacher ________ him very
well.
A.knws B.t knw C.knw D.knew
7.Mr. Wu is ur teacher. He ________ us English.
A.teach B.teaches C.has taught D.taught
8.That ld man ________ a simple life but he is very happy.
A.lives B.lived C.was living D.will live
9.—Hw is yur study tur?
—Very gd, nt nly we students but als ur headteacher ________ highly f it.
A.tell B.tells C.speak D.speaks
10.—Mum, David isn’t at hme. Where ________ he?
—He ________ t watch a mvie. He will be back later.
A.was; went B.is; has been C.is; has gne D.was; ges
A
When thinking f the Arctic(北冰洋), sme peple may imagine an icy land f white snw. And ther peple may imagine it as the last really clean place left n Earth. In fact, we have plluted the deepest ceans with plastic rubbish, and nw, CNN says,“It’s the Arctic’s turn.”
German scientists have recently fund micrplastics in Arctic snw.Micrplastics are pieces f plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists fund 1,800 pieces f micrplastics per liter(升)f snw. That may cause terrible air pllutin.
Hw is plastic pllutin reaching the Arctic? Accrding t scientists, “It’s clear that mst f the micrplastics in the snw cme frm the air. They fall ff plastic bjects and are mved by the wind. They mix with ice in the air and fall t the grund as snw.”
Are they bad fr us? We d knw that ur bdies cannt take in “large” pieces f micrplastics. Hwever, if the plastics are small enugh, they can find ways int ur bdies and stay there fr a lng time, which can be bad fr ur health. What’s mre, earlier studies have shwn that micrplastics may cntribute t lung cancer
risk.
Micrplastics have als been fund in rivers and ceans arund the wrld. Research has fund that they flw ver lng distances and int ur ceans, damaging ecsystems alng the way. When we wash clthes with plastic fibers, they start in ur wastewater. The wastewater then flws int rivers and ut t sea. They are eaten by sea animals there. If peple then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.
37.What can we learn frm what CNN says in paragraph 1?
A.Arctic is still a beautiful icy land with clean air.
B.Arctic is the last clean place left t the earth.
C.Arctic has already been plluted by plastic.
D.Arctic is always a pure land with white snw.
38.Which picture shws the right way f the travel f micrplastics?
①micrplastics ②snw ③human bdy ④air
⑤sea animals ⑥seas ⑦wastewater ⑧Arctic
39.What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd cntribute?
A.Dnate. B.Cause. C.Prvide. D.Separate.
40.Why d the authr write this passage?
A.T tell readers nt t eat sea animals.
B.T tell readers nt t travel t Arctic.
C.T tell readers t use less plastic prducts.
D.T tell readers t wear masks when it snws.
41.Which is the best title fr this article?
A.Micrplastics in Arctic
B.Micrplastics Are Hurting Ecsystems
C.Micrplastics And Lung Cancer
D.Micrplastics Fall with Snw
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