专题07 非谓语动词（知识清单）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（原卷版+解析版）

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TOC \ "1-3" \h \u \l "_Tc1435" 01 锚·课标要求 PAGEREF _Tc1435 \h 1
\l "_Tc17571" 02 理·思维导图 PAGEREF _Tc17571 \h 2
\l "_Tc5633" 03 盘·知识梳理3
\l "_Tc19387" 考点一 动词不定式 PAGEREF _Tc19387 \h 3
\l "_Tc28028" 考点二 动名词 PAGEREF _Tc28028 \h 4
\l "_Tc15897" 考点三 分词7
\l "_Tc28306" 04 测·背诵检验 PAGEREF _Tc28306 \h 10

不定式：
1.掌握动词不定式的结构和句法功能，重点复习不定式作状语、宾语和补语等
2.动词不定式的用法及其时态和语态
3. 不定式的特殊用法
4.掌握常见接动词不定式的词（组）
动名词与分词：
1.动名词、现在分词和过去分词的基本用法；
2.掌握现在分词、过去分词、动名词的用法区别；
考点一 名词分类
1.不定式的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的基本构成形式：“t+动词原形”。
(1)肯定式：t + 动词原形 It’s nice t meet yu.
(2)否定式：nt t + 动词原形 He tld me nt t leave this rm
(t是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)
2.动词不定式的句法功能
（1）不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：
①It is +adj.+fr/f sb.+(nt)t d sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。
②It takes sb.+sme time+t d sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂
如：T learn English well is useful.→ It is useful t learn English well.
It’s imprtant fr us t prtect the envirnment.
注意：在kind，gd，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用fr而用f。如：
It's very kind f yu t help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
（2）不定式作表语（常放于系动词be之后）
What she likes is watching/t watch children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
My wish is t becme a gd teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略t：
（1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有d的某种形式时。
（2）主语是the nly，the first，the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有d的某种形式时。
All yu need t d nw is cmplete the frm.
你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
The nly thing t d nw is g n.
前进是现在唯一的出路。
（3）不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：
wuld like, like, want, wish, hpe, decide, plan, expect等。
如： Wuld yu like t see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：
I find it easy t read English every day.
（4）不定式作宾语补足语
tell, ask, want, allw, warn, advise, invite, get, encurage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：My mther encurages me t learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
（5）不定式作定语
不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
注意：如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There is nthing t wrry abut. 没有什么可担心的。
The rm is big enugh fr 10 peple t live in .
（6）不定式作状语
不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
T get there n time, we set ut at five in the mrning.
He ges there t enjy the fresh air.
He wrked day and night t get the mney.
3.不定式的特殊用法
①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略t。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen t)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(lk at, see, watch, ntice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的t则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是nt t d，其被动形式为t be dne。
►Our teacher asked us nt t swim in the river alne. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接＂疑问词+带t的不定式＂的动词有teach, shw, tell, learn, find ut, decide, knw, frget等。
►My mther taught me hw t ck yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
4.省略t的常见句型：
①Why nt d sth.？ ＝ Why dn’t yu d sth.？ 为什么不……呢？
②Culd/Wuld/Will yu please （nt） d sth.？ 你可以（不）做……吗？
③had better （nt） d sth. 最好（不要）做某事
④wuld rather d A than d B 宁愿做A也不愿做B
⑤let’s d sth. 让我们做某事吧。
⑥prefer t than d... 宁愿做……而不愿做……
3.含动词不定式的特殊句型：
①It takes/tk sb. sme time t d sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
②It’s ne’s turn t d sth. 轮到某人做某事。
③It’s time t d sth. 到做某事的时间了。
④adj.＋enugh t d sth. 足够……做某事
⑤ 太……而不能……
考点二 动名词
1.动名词的构成与特征
动名词由“动词原形（d）＋-ing”构成，其形式与现在分词的构成相同，否定形式为“nt＋动词原形＋-ing”。动名词既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：
①Staying up late is bad fr yur health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。
②Her hbby is playing the vilin. 她的爱好是拉小提琴。
2.动名词的用法
3.常见接动名词作宾语的结构如下：
avid ding sth. 避免做某事 begin/start ding sth. 开始做某事
cnsider ding sth. 考虑做某事 enjy ding sth. 喜欢做某事
finish ding sth. 完成做某事 imagine ding sth. 想象做某事
mind ding sth. 介意做某事 practice ding sth. 练习做某事
suggest ding sth. 建议做某事 can’t help ding sth. 情不自禁做某事
can’t stand ding sth. 无法忍受做某事 put ff ding sth. 推迟做某事
feel like ding sth. 想要做某事 give up ding sth. 放弃做某事
have truble/difficulty ding sth. 做某事有困难 have fun ding sth. 做某事有乐趣
stp/keep/prevent sb. frm ding sth. 阻止某人做某事 be busy ding sth. 忙于做某事
be wrth ding sth. 值得做某事 What/Hw abut ding sth.？ 做某事怎么样？
succeed in ding sth. 成功地做了某事 be gd at/d well in ding sth. 擅长做某事
sth. 花费……做某事 lk frward t ding sth. 盼望做某事
stick t ding sth. 坚持做某事 get/be used t ding sth. 习惯做某事
pay attentin t ding sth. 注意做某事
【拓展】既可接不定式也可接动名词的动词（短语）
stp ding sth.停止做某事
stp t d sth.停下来去做另一件事
try ding sth.尝试做某事
try t d sth.设法或努力去做某事
frget ding sth.忘了做过某事（已做）
frget t d sth.忘了去做某事（未做）
remember ding sth.记得做过某事（已做）
remember t d sth.记得去做某事（未做）
need ding sth.需要做某事（被动含义）
need t d sth.需要去做某事（主动含义）
regret ding sth.后悔做某事（已做）
regret t d sth.遗憾做某事（未做）
mean ding sth.意味着做某事
mean t d sth.打算或想做某事
g n ding sth.不停地做某事
g n t d sth.（完成某事后）接着去做别的事
考点三 分词
过去分词的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
过去分词构成形式：dne
过去分词基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语，可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。
1.作定语
The by lked up with a pleased expressin. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
I sptted the girl dressed in white.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。
The meeting, attended by ver five thusand peple, welcmed the great her.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
2.作补语
3.作表语
【易错提醒】
作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作，作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 2.现在分词作表语，说名主语的身份、性质或情况，主语大多是物。表示“令人的”。
The windw is brken.（系表结构，表示主语the windw所处的状态brken）这扇窗户碎了。
The windw was brken by Tim.（被动语态，表示动作）这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。
4.作状语
过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系；为了强调，还可以与while, when, nce, if, unless等连词连用。
Given mre time, I can finish the wrk.（=If I am given...）
Seen frm the hill, the city lks mre beautiful.从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。
5.过去分词用于省略句
过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略be动词，如果，从句中是被动结构时，即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
When cmpleted, the rad will be pen t public. 当这条铁路修好后，将会对公众开放。
=When it is cmpleted, ...
Thugh he was warned danger, he still went skating n the thin ice.
=Thugh warned danger, he still went skating n the thin ice.
6.v.＋-ed/-ing变成形容词
v.＋-ed/-ing（-ed形容词多表示人的感受，-ing形容词多用于修饰物）
amaze→amazed吃惊的→ amazing令人大为惊奇的
bre→bred（对某人/事物）厌烦的→ bring令人厌倦（或厌烦）的
excite→excited兴奋的→ exciting令人激动的
interest →interested感兴趣的→ interesting有趣的
please→pleased高兴，满意→ pleasing令人高兴的
relax→relaxed放松的→relaxing令人放松的
satisfy→satisfied满意的→satisfying令人满意（或满足）的
surprise→surprised惊讶的→surprising令人吃惊的
tire→tired 疲倦的→tiring令人困倦的
【考点链接】
一、单项选择
1．My mther tld me _______ t much TV.
A．nt watchB．nt t watchC．watch ntD．t nt watch
2．The ld man warned the children ________ in the deep river because it was t dangerus.
A．dn’t swimB．t nt swimC．nt t swimD．didn’t swim
3．—Lk at the sign “N swimming” ver there. It warns us ________ in the river.
—OK, I wn’t.
A．t swimB．nt t swimC．nt swimming
4．Mr. Wang encuraged us ________ AI technlgy t create ur wn cmic strips.
A．useB．t useC．usingD．t using
5．________ rivers cleaner than befre, everybdy is suppsed t prtect them.
A．MakeB．T makeC．Making
6．The schl expects students ________ well during exams.
A．behaveB．behavedC．behavingD．t behave
7．My mther always asks me ________ the habit f ding hmewrk as sn as I get hme.
A．develpB．develpingC．develpsD．t develp
8．The farmer grws his crps withut ________ any chemicals. They are cmpletely rganic and safe t eat.
A．useB．t useC．usingD．used
9．Ella said she didn’t mind ________ fr sme time befre she culd buy the ticket.
A．waitB．waitedC．t waitD．waiting
10．A grup f students are busy ________ the psters fr the schl play.
A．designB．designedC．t designD．designing
11．The cuple were seen ________ a walk utside at this time yesterday . Nbdy knws when they came back.
A．takeB．takenC．tkD．taking
12．The Chang’e-6 prbe successfully cllected samples frm the far side f the mn, ________ a new recrd in lunar explratin.
A．setB．settingC．setsD．t set
13．________ the first prize in the natinal painting cmpetitin, Alice felt very prud.
A．WinB．WinningC．T winD．Wn
14．Peter’s Chinese was very pr when he came t China, s he culdn’t make himself ________.
A．understandingB．t understandC．understd
15．It tk me nly tw hurs t get my bike ________.
A．repairedB．repairingC．t repair
二、单词拼写
1．Yu lk s nice in bth dresses that I wuldn’t knw which ne (advice) yu t buy.
2．He prefers (stay) at hme rather than g ut n weekends.
3．The yung shuld d meaningful things instead f (play) with phnes all day.
4．Millie desn’t mind (pen) the windw thugh it’s quite cld utside.
5．I like the bks (write) by Lu Xun.
6．Listening t music is a gd way (relax) after a day’s wrk.
7．I think (drink) milk every day is gd fr ur health.
8．When I walked past the ffice, I ntice him____________(argue) with his bss.
9．Sarah is lking frward t (learn) smething abut Dunhuang.
10．Everyne shuld play a part in (prtect) wild animals.
11．Jack desn’t knw hw (begin) t make new friends.
12．If yu have truble (prnunce) these wrds, yu can repeat until yu are fluent.
13．Just as a saying ges, t give is better than (take).
14．What great fun it is (chat) with my friends n the Internet!
15．The dctr did what he culd (save) the dying man.
三、语法选择
Cristina Mittermeier, 1 pineering phtgrapher, cares abut nature and wants t prtect it. Her lens (镜头) inspires actin and ffers hpe.
Mittermeier’s lve fr nature began early. This lve led her 2 marine (海洋的) bilgy, a field she fcused n with the dream f studying whales at 3 . But sn she saw the damaging 4 f industrial fishing, which caused a change in her career. “ 5 I wanted t d was try 6 best t call n the whle wrld t understand hw easily the ceans can 7 .” she explained. Science, while necessary, felt nt enugh t influence a larger ppulatin. Phtgraphy became her chsen tl.
She has invented a frm f “visual medicine”, balancing the seriusness f envirnmental prblems with a call t actin. Her ideas fr 8 nature are practical and include listening t what lcal peple knw and hw they live with the envirnment.
Mittermeier’s 9 bk Hpe shws her effrts in envirnmental prtectin. By wrking with peple frm all ver the wrld t create the bk, she turned it 10 a grup effrt instead f just her wn. The bk’s 130 phtgraphs, cvering twenty years, are displayed (展示) n the basis f themes 11 tell the stry f life n ur planet.
Thrugh her wrk, Mittermeier cntinually 12 imprtance t the rle f yuth in reshaping the planet’s future. Visual strytelling, she argues, is 13 t encurage yung peple t take actin quickly — by directing attentin t finding means f slving prblems and celebrating victries, hwever small.
Cristina Mittermeier’s life shws the great pwer f art with a purpse. Her lens catches nt just what is 14 what culd be, urging us all t act tward a future where peple and nature can live 15 .
1．A．aB．anC．theD．/
2．A．studyB．t studyC．studyingD．studied
3．A．neB．nesC．firstD．firstly
4．A．affectB．affectsC．effectsD．effective
5．A．WhatB．ThatC．HwD．Why
6．A．IB．meC．myD．mine
7．A．are destryedB．be destryC．being destryedD．be destryed
8．A．helpB．helpingC．helpedD．t help
9．A．lateB．latenessC．latestD．lately
10．A．withB．nC．atD．int
11．A．thatB．whatC．hwD．why
12．A．attachB．attachesC．had attachedD．have attached
13．A．likeB．alikeC．likesD．likely
14．A．andB．butC．sD．r
15．A．peaceB．peacesC．peacefulD．peacefully
四、短文填空
Dr. Jane Gdall, the wrld’s mst famus primatlgist (a persn wh studies apes) died at the age f 91, n Octber 1st lcal time. Her life-lng 1 (devte) t the study and prtectin f chimps (黑猩猩), as well as her glbal call fr the restratin f ur natural wrld made her 2 unusual wman. Her stry has been added t science, bilgy, and English textbks in China and beynd.
Brn in the United Kingdm in 1934, Gdall develped a deep passin fr animals and hped 4 (understand) them better frm an early age. 4 she was unable t receive higher educatin after high schl because f n mney, she tk an pprtunity when a friend invited her t Kenya. Later, with strng determinatin, she started a jurney t Africa alne, a decisin that wuld shape her life 5 (cmplete).
Thrughut her lifetime, Gdall was 6 (well) knwn fr her 65-year study f wild chimpanzees. The study began in the 1960s, when Gdall lived amng chimps in Tanzania, in Africa. She recrded the chimps 7 (d) things nly peple culd d. Gdall prved that chimps make 8 (tl), hunt fr meat, and keep cmplex relatinships.
Fr her wrk, she 9 (award) the Presidential Medal f Freedm in 2025. One reprter asked her what gave her hpe fr the future f the planet. Gdall mentined the members in Rts & Shts, her yuth-activism prgram. “And yung peple like yu 10 are inspiring thers are my greatest reasn fr hpe.”
【真题链接】
一、单项选择
1．（2025·海南·中考真题）________ the speech interesting, ur head teacher prepared a shrt vide.
A．T makeB．MakeC．Making
2．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Our teacher advises us ________ urselves in the sunshine.
A．enjyB．t enjyC．enjyedD．enjying
3．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will g t the English Crner ______ her English this Saturday afternn.
A．t practiseB．practisingC．practisedD．practise
4．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________ eyes healthy, we students shuld spend less time n screens.
A．T keepB．KeepC．KeptD．Keeping
5．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）________ cmmunicatin easier and faster, engineers in that cmpany have designed a kind f smart watches.
A．MakeB．MakingC．T make
6．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—Hw d yu imprve yur English listening skills?
—I spend abut twenty minutes ________ English vides every day.
A．watchB．t watchC．watching
7．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Our English teacher is humrus and he ften tells funny jkes t make us ________.
A．t laughB．laughC．laughed
8．（2025·福建·中考真题）We will attend the tea festival in ur twn ________ mre abut tea culture.
A．learningB．t learnC．learned
9．（2025·天津·中考真题）The gvernment is develping new plans ________ ancient buildings.
A．prtectB．t prtectC．prtectsD．prtected
10．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）We shuld build n past achievements and wrk tgether ________ a better wrld.
A．makeB．makingC．madeD．t make
二、语法选择
（2025·重庆·中考真题）Li Liang has always been interested in science since childhd. He’s gd 1 slving prblems in daily life. It is 2 dream t make peple’s lives better.
One night when he was 11, he 3 the news n TV with his parents. He heard that there were harmful chemicals (化学物质) left in the vegetables peple ate in a village nearby. Parents and 4 were wrried abut their fd safety. He culdn’t sleep that night 5 he kept thinking abut the kids f his age wh didn’t have safe vegetables. He decided 6 smething t help. He spent ver a year in researching and testing. Finally, a tl 7 by him. It culd shw results fast, s peple wuld knw 8 the fd was safe.
Nw, as 9 cllege student, he gives public talks and hlds science wrkshps (工作坊) t share his research methds. Thrugh his 10 wrk, mre and mre students are fllwing in his ftsteps.
1．A．atB．tC．fr
2．A．heB．hisC．him
3．A．watchB．watchesC．watched
4．A．kidB．kidsC．kids’
5．A．rB．butC．because
6．A．t dB．dingC．d
7．A．inventedB．is inventedC．was invented
8．A．whatB．whetherC．which
9．A．aB．anC．the
10．A．hardB．harderC．hardly
三、短文填空
（2025·四川绵阳·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式 (不超过3个单词)，并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。
Lily, 1 fifteen-year-ld girl, manages a prgram at schl—the Buddy Bench (同伴长椅). Students 2 feel lnely at schl can g and sit n the “buddy bench”. It makes ther kids knw that smene needs a friend and that they shuld invite him r her 3 (play). Lily knws there is nthing 4 (bad) than feeling lnely. With the help f the bench, she 5 (bring) kids tgether and helps many shy kids make new friends.
In 2017, she gt the idea at a summer camp. When she 6 (g) back t schl, she shared the idea with the headteacher, “I want t d it fr ur schl because I’ve been lnely 7 (I). It’s nt a gd feeling and I dn’t want anyne else t feel that way.”
Instead f 8 (use) wd, she decided t make the bench ut f bttle caps, which is gd fr the envirnment. News f the prgram quickly gt ut in different 9 (place), and Lily cllected many caps frm peple arund.
10 (recent), Lily has given away mre than 200 benches t schls and parks all ver the cuntry. And there are plenty mre t cme.
功能
例句
说明
主语
T speak English is nt easy fr us
=It is nt easy fr us t speak English.
作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语
My wrk is t clean the rm everyday.
=T clean the rm every day is my wrk.
多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。
宾语
—What sprts des he like t play?
—He likes t play basketball.
只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
My mther made me play the pian all the time.
在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略t。
定语
Have yu gt anything t say?
不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'm srry t truble yu.（表原因）。
I went t the library t study English.（表目的）
不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
用法
说明
例句
作主语
动名词放在句首作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is an art. 阅读是一项技能。
作表语
多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
His hbby is swimming. 他的爱好是游泳。
作定语
动名词作定语时，表示其所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，放在被修饰词之前。
Our cuntry is a develping cuntry. 我们国家是一个发展中国家。
作宾语
动名词作宾语时，既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语。
①I finished reading the bk last night. 我昨晚读完了这本书。（作动词宾语）
②A yung by made a living by selling fried dugh sticks （油条） in the market. （2024河南57题）一个小男孩靠在市场上卖油条谋生。（作介词宾语）
过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作；
单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。
场合
用法
示例
观感类
使役类
动词后
表感觉或心理状态的动词如ntice, let, make, hear, listen t, see, bserve, watch, have, feel。
表示“致使”意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。
I heard the sng sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
I’ll have my hair cut tmrrw. 明天我要理发。
He spke in a lud vice in rder t make himself heard.他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。
with结构
1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作；
2.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作；
3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。
With his hmewrk finished, he went t the park t play.
作业写完了，他便去公园玩了。
She had t walk hme with her bike stlen.
自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
1.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如：amazed（感到惊讶的）； bred（感到无聊的）；cnfused（困惑的）；delighted（开心的）；depressed（低落的）；determined（下定决心的）； disappinted（失望的）；excited（兴奋的）；embarrassed（尴尬的）；exhausted（筋疲力尽的）；frightened（令人惊骇的）；frustrated（消沉的）； interested（感兴趣的）；satisfied （满意度）；surprised（吃惊的）；mved（感动的）
The pupils will get cnfused if they learn t much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。
2.be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构。如：gne消失了，不在了； fallen落下的；
knwn著名的； mistaken无解的，弄错的等。