人教版2025年七年级英语下学期期末总复习(知识梳理)考点清单05名词的数(学生版+解析)

这是一份人教版2025年七年级英语下学期期末总复习(知识梳理)考点清单05名词的数(学生版+解析)，文件包含人教版2025年七年级英语下学期期末总复习知识梳理考点清单05名词的数教师版docx、人教版2025年七年级英语下学期期末总复习知识梳理考点清单05名词的数学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共22页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、名词的单复数
1.可数名词单数变成复数形式的规则变化
2.可数名词单数变成复数形式的特殊变化类别
可数名词与不可数名词
英语中的名词按其表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以直接用数目来计数的人或物，有单数和复数两种形式。不可数名词指不可以直接用数目计数的名词，没有单复数之分。
1.可数名词数量的表达
单数可数名词前常用不定冠词a/an修饰，表示“一个”或“一类”；可数名词复数可用 many, sme, a lt f(lts f)及enugh等表示数量的词（组）来修饰，也可用“不定冠词/数词+表示量的名词+f+可数名词复数”来表示。
a sweater一件毛衣
many ranges许多橙子
tw bags f apples 两袋苹果
2.不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词没有复数形式，不可用a/an修饰，可用any, much, sme, a lt f(lts f),enugh等修饰。不可数名词的“量”要用“不定冠词/数词+表示量的名词+f+不可数名词”来表示。
sme milk一些牛奶
a bttle f water一瓶水
3.可数名词和不可数名词都可用定冠词the、名词所有格或形容词性物主代词修饰。
the students 这些学生们
the juice 这些果汁
his/Mike's ygurt/strawberries他的/迈克的酸奶/草莓
4.名词作主语，谓语动词的数
可数名词在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式随主语的单复数形式作相应的变化；不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果不可数名词前有表示量的名词修饰，则谓语动词的单复数要取决于表示量的名词的单复数。
These apples are red. 这些苹果是红色的。
His friend lks different. 他的朋友看起来不同。
The tea in the cup is ht. 杯子里的茶是热的。
These tw cups f water are fr him. 这两杯水是给他的。
5.对名词数量的提问
对可数名词的数量进行提问用hw many;对不可数名词的量进行提问用hw much.
Hw many ears des it have? 它有多少只耳朵？
Hw much water d yu want? 你想要多少水？
【拓展】
①有些名词，既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但含义不同。如：chicken 作可数名词，意为“鸡”，作不可数名词，意为“鸡肉”。
②有些名词形式上是单数，但实际上表示复数概念。如：peple(人们)，plice(警察)。
③还有一些名词常以复数形式出现。如：glasses(眼镜)， scissrs(剪刀)，clthes(衣服)，jeans(牛仔裤)，shrts(短裤)。
基础训练
1．There are many __________ in ur cmmunity centre.
A．vlunteerB．vlunteersC．vlunteering
2．—Wuld yu like sme ________?
—Yes, please. I like them very much.
A．pearB．watermelnsC．lemnD．strawberry
3．She ften gives me sme ________.
A．adviseB．advicesC．suggestD．suggestins
4．—What animals can yu see n the farm?
—I can see sme ________, many ________ and cws.
A．geese; chickensB．gse; chickensC．geese; chickenD．gse; chicken
5．The giraffe is very tall, s it can eat ________the n the tree.
A．leavesB．leafsC．leafes
6．Lk! There is a dg, tw ________ and tw ________ in the picture.
A．cws; sheepsB．mice; tigerC．gses; snakesD．fxes; wlves
7．Lk! Thse ________ are eating ________.
A．child; appleB．children; applesC．childs; applesD．childrens; apple
8．—What animals can yu find n the farm?
—I can find sme ________, many ________ and cws.
A．geese; chickensB．gses; chickens
C．geese; chickenD．gse; chicken
9．Tm ________ at seven in the mrning.
A．brush his teethB．brushes his teeth
C．brush his tthD．brushes his tth
10．Nwadays, we can see mre and mre ________ n the buses.
A．wman driversB．wman’s driversC．wmen’s driverD．wmen drivers
11．— Are they ________?
— N, they’re carrt plants.
A．tmats plantsB．tmat plantsC．tmates plants
12．—______ milk d we need fr the cake?
—Tw cups.
A．Hw manyB．Hw muchC．Hw lngD．Hw ften
13．Larry cut sme ________ chicken and laid them n a plate.
A．piece fB．pieces fC．pieces
14．—There is _______ fd in the fridge.
—OK, I will buy smething t eat and ________.
A．a little, tw glasses f milkB．little, tw glasses f milk
C．a few, tw glasses f milkD．few, tw glasses f milks
15．—D yu d eye ________ every day at schl?
—Yes. And we als d mrning ________ t build up ur bdy.
A．exercise; exerciseB．exercises; exerciseC．exercise: exercisesD．exercises; exercises
16．There are ________ n my farm, s we ften have sme delicius ________ t eat.
A．many chickens; chickensB．much chicken; chickens
C．many chickens; chickenD．much chicken; chicken
17．He has nthing t write dwn, s he asks me fr ________.
A．a paperB．sme papersC．sme pieces f papersD．a piece f paper
18．Ann eats sme ________ and drinks sme ________ fr breakfast.
A．chickens; rangesB．chicken; rangeC．chicken; rangesD．chickens; range
19．There are ______ in the river.
A．many fishesB．much fish C．much fishes D．mre fish
20．—There are a lt f ________ n the table. Wuld yu like t have ne?
—N, I wuld like t drink a little ________.
A．ranges; rangeB．range; rangesC．ranges; rangesD．range; range
提升训练
1．（24-25七年级上·江苏盐城·期末）—What d yu want t buy in the mall?
—Fur ________ and ________.
A．cartns f milk; tw kils f tmatesB．cartns f milk; tw kils f tmat
C．cartn f milk; tw kils f tmatesD．cartn f milk; tw kils f tmat
2．（24-25七年级上·江苏盐城·期末）—What can I d fr yu, sir?
—I’d like tw ________. We all like fruit.
A．bwls f riceB．baskets f ranges
C．cartns f milkD．bag f apples
3．（24-25七年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）—Mum, what d yu want t buy this afternn?
—I’d like t buy five ________.
A．cartns f milksB．bxes f eggC．packets f saltD．piece f bread
4．（24-25七年级上·江西九江·期末）I like ________ and ________ fr breakfast.
A．egg; milksB．eggs; milkC．egg; milkD．eggs; milks
5．（24-25七年级上·甘肃武威·期末）—What else d we need fr the party?
—Sme candles and ________.
A．tw kils f applesB．tw kils f apple
C．a kil f appleD．ne and a half kil f apples
6．（24-25七年级上·甘肃定西·期末）I wuld like t eat ________ and ________. Let’s get sme.
A．fishes; bananaB．fish; bananasC．fish; bananaD．fishes; bananas
7．（24-25七年级上·甘肃·期末）There are sme ________ and ________ n the table.
A．ptates; teaB．chicken; sweetsC．prks; tmatesD．milk; tmates
8．（23-24七年级下·山东滨州·期末）Fr lunch, we have rice, fruit and ________ here and we can make ________ salad.
A．vegetables; vegetablesB．vegetable; vegetable
C．vegetables; vegetableD．vegetable; vegetables
9．（22-23七年级下·河北·期中）Let’s _________ sme ________ and carrts.
A．buy; ptatesB．buy; ptatC．t buy; ptatesD．buying; ptates
10．（24-25七年级上·重庆长寿·期中）—Lk! What are ________?
—Oh, they are ________.
A．this; gseB．these; sheepC．that; chickensD．thse; cw
11．（23-24七年级下·福建福州·期末）—What were they like befre?
—They were like ________.
A．hillB．candleC．mice
12．（23-24七年级下·云南昆明·期中）We must brush ur ________ after eating meals t keep healthy.
A．tthsB．tthC．teethsD．teeth
13．（22-23七年级下·广西防城港·期中）Lts f ________ are playing games n the playgrund.
A．childrenB．studentC．teacher
14．（22-23七年级下·河北张家口·期末）There are many ________ n the farm and they are lvely.
A．sheepB．cwC．museD．hrse
15．（22-23七年级下·河北邢台·期中）The twins are frm ________. They are ________.
A．Germany; GermansB．Germany; Germen
C．German; GermanyD．Germany; German
16．（22-23七年级上·广东广州·期中）There are fur ________ and tw ________ in the grup.
A．Japaneses; FrenchmenB．Japaneses; Frenchmans
C．Japanese; FrenchmenD．Japanese; Frenchmans
17．（21-22七年级下·四川甘孜·期末）There are lts f ________ n the farm.
A．sheepB．chickenC．hrseD．meat
18．（24-25七年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）—Hw many ________ d yu want?
— Fur.
A．apple juiceB．a glass f range juice
C．glasses f range juicesD．glasses f range juice
19．（23-24七年级下·四川达州·期末）—Hw much paper d yu need?
—________.
A．Three pieces f paper.
B．Three pieces f papers.
C．Three piece f paper.
20．（22-23八年级下·江苏泰州·期中）Can yu give me ________ n what t wear t the party, Sandy?
A．an adviceB．sme adviceC．sme advicesD．any advices
21．（22-23七年级下·湖北荆州·期中）—________ bread wuld yu like?
—Three pieces f _________.
A．Hw many, breadsB．Hw many, bread
C．Hw much, breadsD．Hw much, bread
22．（22-23七年级下·湖北孝感·期中）Lk! On the table is sme ________ and in the bx are sme ________.
A．chicken；pearsB．chickens；pears
C．chicken；pearD．chickens；pear
23．（21-22七年级下·甘肃定西·期中）I eat three ________ every mrning.
A．piece f breadB．pieces f bread
C．piece f breadsD．pieces f breads
24．（24-25七年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—Hw many ________ d yu want, sir?
—Tw, please.
A．glass f apple juicesB．glass f apple juice
C．glasses f apple juiceD．glasses f apple juices
25．（24-25七年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—May I have sme mre ________? It tastes s nice.
—Of curse.
A．carrtB．beefC．lemnsD．chickens
规则
举例
备注
一般在词尾直接加-s
desk-desks书桌
pen-pens钢笔
by-bys男孩
清辅音后的s
读/s/,浊辅音和元音后的s读/z/
以s, x, ch,sh等结尾的词，在词尾加-es
bus-buses公共汽车
bx-bxes箱子
watch-watches手表
wish-wishes 愿望
es 读/iz/
注意:以ch结尾但不发/tf/的可数名词不适用此规则。如：stmach--stmachs 胃
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i,再加-es
stry-stries故事
pht-phts 照片
baby—babies婴儿
ies读/iz/
以结尾的
词有的加-s,
有的加-es
pht--phts 照片
z--zs动物园
ptat-ptates土豆
tmat --tmates西红柿
her-heres英雄
结尾的s或es 都读/z/
以f或fe结尾的词，把f或fe变v,再加-es
knife--knives 刀
shelf--shelves 架子
leaf--leaves 叶子
ves读/vz/
类别
举例
备注
词尾发生变化
child-children儿童
由man或wman 与另一个可数名词组成的复合名词变为复数时，两部分都发生变化。如：wmen teachers 女教师
men dctrs男医生
改变词中的字母
man—men 男人
wman-wmen女人
ft—feet 脚
tth—teeth 牙齿
muse—mice 老鼠
单复数同形
Chinese-Chinese中国人
sheep—sheep 绵羊
deer —deer 鹿