2025年高考英语二轮复习(新高考通用)专题04动词、动词短语和介词、介词短语(讲义)(学生版+解析)

这是一份2025年高考英语二轮复习(新高考通用)专题04动词、动词短语和介词、介词短语(讲义)(学生版+解析)，文件包含2025年高考英语二轮复习新高考通用专题04动词动词短语和介词介词短语讲义教师版docx、2025年高考英语二轮复习新高考通用专题04动词动词短语和介词介词短语讲义学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共58页， 欢迎下载使用。
目录TOC \ "1-4" \h \u
\l "_Tc17226" 01考情透视·目标导航2
02 \l "_Tc18151" 知识导图·思维引航3
\l "_Tc25540" 03考点突破·考向探究5
\l "_Tc20799" 考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性）5
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】5
\l "_Tc29041" 考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义6
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】6
\l "_Tc29325" 考点三 考查动词的熟词生义6
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】6
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 7
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】 PAGEREF _Tc30219 \h 11
\l "_Tc29325" 考点四 考查介词基本含义和用法12
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】 PAGEREF _Tc30789 \h 12
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 12
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】 PAGEREF _Tc30219 \h 13
\l "_Tc29325" 考点五 考查特殊介词的含义和用法 PAGEREF _Tc29325 \h 13
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】 PAGEREF _Tc30789 \h 13
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 13
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】21
\l "_Tc29325" 考点六 考查介词短语的含义和用法22
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】22
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 22
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】23
\l "_Tc29325" 考点七 考查介词与其他词类的搭配24
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】24
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 24
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】25
04 \l "_Tc14703" 重难点突破 介词及介词短语基本知识的综合运用25
动词、动词短语和介词、介词短语
考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性）
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)When I decided t buy a huse in Eurpe ten years ag, I didn't think t lng. I liked traveling in France, but when it came t picking my favrite spt t 21 , Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit t Italy, I 22 t ask fr directins r rder in a restaurant. But every time I tried t 23 a sentence f Italian tgether, the lcals smiled at me and 24 my language skills. That encuragement helped me t get thrugh the language barrier.
21．A．studyB．rentC．visitD．settle
22．A．plannedB．struggledC．refusedD．happened
23．A．stringB．hangC．mixD．match
24．A．imprvedB．assessedC．admiredD．praised
2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’ve been mtivated — and demtivated — by ther flks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighbrhd friend ____41____ a marathn race. Feeling mtivated, I started running regularly, but then tw things happened. First, a girl I met ne day tld me she was ____43____ fr a “super,” referring t a 52.4-mile duble marathn. Then, the next day I went n my lngest run — 15 miles. T be hnest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure bredm f jgging, I decided that the nly reasn I’d ever run again is if a big dg was running after me!
41. A. knewB. heldC. wnD. quit
43. A. askingB. lkingC. waitingD. training
44. A. madeB. believedC. hatedD. deserved
根据语境判断选择正确的动词
(1)从句子或语境的整体入手，选择恰当的动词;
(2)熟悉四个动词的使用具体情景。
考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义
1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷) I’ve matured a lt since then. I’ve cme t accept that whatever ____55____ I set fr myself, they just have t be my wn.
55. A. limitsB. datesC. galsD. tests
本题本质上不是考的名词辨析而是通过动词短语及语境来确定正确选项。此处是：set gals fr myself意为：给自己设定目标。这样很快就找到了答案。
2.(2024•新高考Ⅱ卷) Each twn has its wn traditinal dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed frm ne generatin t anther. Families gather fr big meals n Sundays, birthdays, and whatever ther excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always accmpanied by laughter and jy.
32. A. put up withB. stand up frC. cme up withD. make up fr
考点三 考查动词的熟词生意
推断划线部分动词的意思
1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A) Habitat Restratin Team vlunteers play a vital rle in restring sensitive resurces and prtecting endangered species acrss the ridges and valleys.
【答案】
2.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments.
【答案】
3.(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
【答案】
1．动词与其他词类的相互转换：变动词的前缀和后缀
（1）前缀en-
able→enable使能够large→enlarge扩大rich→enrich使充实；使丰富danger→endanger危及
curage→encurage鼓励
（2）后缀-en
【高频再现】brad→braden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽shrt→shrten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬sft→sften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁
（3）后缀-ify
class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。
（4）后缀-ize
【易错提醒】aplgy→aplgize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memry→memrize记住real→realize认识到；实现mdern→mdernize使现代化。
2．常考的动词熟词生意
1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度；知名度
(2024新课标II卷语法填空) Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd’s internatinal visibility.
2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜
(2024新课标卷II阅读C篇) The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
3. intrduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) This infrmative walk led by Richard Smyth intrduces yu t the basic principles f phtgraphy in the wild.
4. leaf 熟义：叶，叶子；纸页，书页 【生义】翻页
(2024新课标I卷阅读七选五)I can leaf thrugh with my fingers
5. riginal【熟义】adj.最初的 【生义】adj.原创的
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) Sme are classic shrt stries, and sme are new riginal wrks.
6. pse【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
7. piece【熟义】n.碎片【生义】n.文章，报道
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
8. pint【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI — the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders — s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it.
9. pwer【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI ...
10. prmise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望；有……的可能
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) With envirnmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk prmises t be an infrmative tur.
11. print【熟义】n.印刷 【生义】n.印刷品；出版物
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
12. prperty【熟义】n.资产【生义】n.性质，特性
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties.
13. rle【熟义】n.角色 【生义】n.作用
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print.
14. rll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶
(2024新课标I卷读后续写) Finally, with just tw minutes t spare we rlled int the bus statin.
15. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.
16. sensitive 熟义：敏感的 【生义】易受影响的；需保护的
(2024新课标I卷阅读A篇) …play a vital rle in restring sensitive resurces and prtecting endangered species.
17. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开；不做
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur.
18. side【熟义】n.一边【生义】n.一面；方面
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place.
19. sleep 熟义：睡眠 生义：死，长眠
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)…she was prepared t put him t sleep.
20. slwer【熟义】adj.缓慢的【生义】adj.冷清的
(2024新课标II卷七选五)Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place, and bst the ecnmy when turism is traditinally slwer.
21. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理；应对
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
22. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求；呼吁
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest.
23. chief熟义：最重要的；首要的；主要的【生义】首席的
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) …says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit
24. clsely【熟义】adv.紧密地，密切地【生义】adv.仔细地
(2024全国甲卷完形填空)She wuld sit quietly at the far end f the lng dinner table, listening clsely.
25. cnditin【熟义】n.状况 【生义】n. 疾病
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇) Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin.
26. cver【熟义】v.覆盖 【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程)
①(2024新课标I卷听力) Jnsn began writing abut sprts as a secnd year student at the University f Clrad, cvering high schl vlleyball games fr his hmetwn newspaper.
②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material?
③(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table.
27. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引
(2024新课标II卷七选五) G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu.
28. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加
(2024新课标I卷完形填空) I gt a gd bike and rde a lt. I dreamed f entering cycle races until I flew t San Dieg t visit my sister.
29. favr【熟义】n.帮助；恩惠【生义】v.偏袒，特别照顾
(2024全国甲卷完形填空) Like in typical families, where bys were favred much mre than girls, my grandma had t stay at hme t d husewrk.
30. favrite【熟义】adj.最喜爱的【生义】n.最喜欢的东西
(2024新课标I卷语法填空) These plants included mdern Western favrites such as rsemary, lavender and fennel.
31. slid【熟义】adj.固体的【生义】adj.可靠的
(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
32. tell【熟义】v.告诉；告知【生义】v.辨别，识别
(2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn’t usually like.
33. thrw【熟义】v.投；掷；抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯
(2024全国甲卷阅读A篇) Wheel Thrwing
34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable.
35. gegraphy【熟义】n.地理【生义】n.布局
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages.
3．常考的完形填空动词词汇
arrange v.安排interrupt v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍matter v.关系；要紧judge判断； knw知道；熟悉，了解cause引起； bserve观察； ride骑；漂浮； strike打击reasn推理； talk谈话； cmpete竞争； train培训help帮助； understand理解defeat打败； please使高兴； respect尊敬； assist帮助frce强迫； transfrm转换；改造；彻底改变； persuade劝说；put放。shine照耀；发光；fly飞行； dance跳舞；scre得分view看待；appear出现； matter重要fllw跟随； rganize组织； watch观看； lead带领；领先clarify分类； defend打败； win赢得； demand要求prve证明； happen碰巧； shw展示wait等待；ffer提供、主动提出； hurry匆忙； fail失败feed喂养； fllw跟随；change改变；lad装载call打电话； jin加入； leave离开 serve服务return返回； fight打仗； fly飞； agree同意
1.（2025·四川省宜宾市高三上学期一诊）
Being a yung adult, I was cnstantly struggling t find my place in the wrld. I had just graduated frm cllege and was 21 the tugh reality f entering the wrkfrce. The jb market was cmpetitive and I ften fund myself afraid f the daily jb hunt.
21．A．facingB．expectingC．dubtingD．chsing
2.（2025·安徽省五校联）It’s 11 a. m. n a glwing Perth day and I’m walking my black Labradr by the river. She 21 the neat grass edging the ftpath. A glimpse f the bttlense dlphins that call this river hme wuld 22 my day. That’s when I suddenly think f my sn, Alex.
21．A．tastesB．sniffsC．tuchesD．barks
22．A．fillB．enrichC．haveD．make
3.（2024九省联考）Parrts are mst easily hurt when feeding n the grund; membership in a grup plays an imprtant functin in ensuring their safety and imprving their chances f survival frm attacks by predatrs.
【答案】
4.（2024九省联考）Siling his clthes, wrking n a ht September afternn, this man saved a cllege student frm disaster, just because she culd have been his daughter.
【答案】
考点四 考查介词基本含义和用法
1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷) The Glasshuse stands 63 a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute which brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
2.（2024·全国甲卷）They wndered ut lud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47 all peple f the natin t enjy—as a natinal park.
3.（2023•1月新高考浙江卷）Hutngs represent an imprtant cultural element f the city f Beijing. Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry ________ capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric events.
4.（2022•全国高考乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially ______ the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019.
高考中考查介词基本用法的次数较多，解决介词基本用法要注意：
①熟悉常用介词的基本含义，总结它们的共性特点。
②准确理解句子的意思，根据句意确定使用恰当的介词。。
介词的基本含义总结
(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。
(2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为“和……在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为“乘坐，驾驶”。
(4)fr表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(5)thrugh表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“在整个期间，自始至终”；表示手段、媒介，意为“以，凭借”。
1.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）The Dragn Bat Festival cmmemrates the death f Qu Yuan, a Chu state fficial and pet wh lived during the Warring States Perid (475-221 BC) ______ the reunificatin f China under the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC).
2.（2025·湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三联考）Then they cut a channel Munt Yulei t discharge the excess water.
3.（2025·广东省茂名市区域高三联考）Anther significant traditin is the Zhuang peple’s dietary habits. Their cuisine usually uses fresh, lcally-surced ingredients, vegetables, grains and herbs.
考点五 考查特殊介词的含义和用法
1.（2021浙江卷1月）The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ________ 2. 1 in wmen and men.
2.（2015·浙江）3. Have yu ever heard f the trees that are hmes animals bth n land and sea?
A. abut B. t C. with D. ver
在高考二轮复习中，一定要把常用特殊介词的含义重点强化一下，不留知识的死角。总结常用的特殊介词，在例句中掌握它们的含义和用法。
特殊介词的含义
（1）with的用法
①与…（在）一起
I went n hliday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。
②[表带有或拥有]有；带有；具有；随身带着
He is a man with a ht temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。
China is a very large cuntry with a lng histry. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。
③[表方式、手段或工具]以；用
He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。
She wrte the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。
①用英语说：speak in English
②用钢笔写：write in ink
③用现金/美元支付：pay in cash/dllar。
④[表材料或内容]以；用
The rad is paved with stnes. 这条路用石头铺砌。
⑤[表状态]在…的情况下；…地
He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。
I finished my hmewrk thugh with difficulty. 虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。
注：用于此意时，with多与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如：
with care=carefully 认真地
with kindness=kindly 亲切地
with jy=jyfully 高兴地
with anger=angrily 生气地
with srrw=srrwfully 悲伤地
with delight=delightedly 高兴地
with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
⑥ [表让步]尽管，虽然
With all his mney, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。
With all his effrts, he lst the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。
⑦[表条件]若是；如果
With yur permissin, I’ll g. 你若同意，我就去。
表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如：
With mre mney I wuld be able t buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。
With better equipment, we culd have finished the jb even sner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快些。
⑧[表原因或理由]因为；由于(某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为)
Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白，浑身发抖。
She trembled with cld.他冻得发抖。
Hearing the news, he jumped with jy.听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。
He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。
Her face became red with embarrassment.她因为难为情而脸红。
Her face burned with shame.她的脸因为羞愧而发烫。
⑨[表时间]当…的时候；在…之后；随后
With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。
With daylight I hurried there t see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。
⑩[表同时或随同]随着；跟着（…的变化而变化）
The risk f develping heart disease increases with the number f cigarettes smked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心脏病的风险就越大。
Bld pressure decreases with exercise.血压随着锻炼而降低。
The girl seemed t be grwing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。
with和as均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后者是连词。如：
He will imprve as he grws lder. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。
Peple’s ideas change with the change f the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。
⑪[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时
Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。
I slept with the windw pen. 我开着窗户睡觉。
Dn’t speak with yur muth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
⑫赞成；同意
I am with yu there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。
⑬[表对象或关系]对…（怀有某种感情）；关于；就…而言；对…来说
He is pleased with his new huse. 他对他的新房子很满意。
The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。
It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。
⑭[表对立或敌对]对立；反对
The dg was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。
He’s always arguing with his brther. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。
⑮与（风、水流等）方向一致；顺着…（反义词：against）
sail with the wind顺风驶船
swim with the tide顺着潮流游泳
⑯伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情）
With a sigh, she leant back and clsed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。
The frnt dr clsed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。
（2）against
①反对（反义词fr）
Are yu fr r against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?
There were 20 vtes fr him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。
②违背，违抗，违反
What yu have dne is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。
Jane married Jack against her wn will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。
③紧靠；倚
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
He std leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
④迎着；逆着
Yu shuld fly yur kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。
⑤撞击，碰着
The rain was beating against the windws. 雨点拍打着窗户。
Tm hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。
⑥映衬；相映；对照【高频再现】
The red flag lks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
The little red huse lks s beautiful against the green wds. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。
⑦不利于
an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据
（3）by
①到…为止；不迟于
They had finished the wrk by the end f last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。
Maybe she has cme back by nw. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。
I’ll have arrived by five ’clck this afternn. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接nw时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。
②按…计算；按…买(卖)（后接单数可数名词，名词其前要用定冠词 the；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词）。如：
They are paid by the hur (by the mnth). 他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。
As we all knw, the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李是按重量收费的。
The parking here is charged by time.这里停车按时间收费。
③乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名词。名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。
by bus 乘公共汽车；by bike 骑自行车；by train 乘火车；by plane 乘飞机；by taxi 乘出租车；by ship 坐轮船；by air 乘飞机；by water 走水路；by land 走陆路
但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如：
We’re ging by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。
We went t Shanghai by a large ship.我们乘一艘大船去上海。
④凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段）
He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
Lck this dr by turning the key twice t the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
⑤表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词）
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The pliceman tk the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
⑥表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词）
The number f the students has increased by ne-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。
She’s taller than her yunger brther by tw inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。
⑦在…旁边
Cme and sit by me.过来坐在我的旁边。
⑧从看；依；按照
By the way, what time is it by yur watch?顺便问一下，你的表几点了?
（4）thrugh
①从…中通过；贯穿，穿过（强调从物体内部透过）
The jurney thrugh the jungle was perilus.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
The sunshine cmes in thrugh the windw. 阳光透过窗户照进来。
②通过，凭借（方法手段）
Yu can nly achieve success thrugh hard wrk.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。
③由于，因为
The thught f smene suffering thrugh a mistake f mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头，我就不寒而栗。
④自始至终；从头到尾/底
We'll be in New Yrk Mnday thrugh Friday.我们从周一至周五将一直待在纽约。
They will cntinue cnstructin thrugh the winter mnths.他们整个冬季将继续施工。
We wrked thrugh the night. 我们通宵的工作。
⑤经受；经历
The cuntry has gne thrugh t many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She's been thrugh a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
（5）fr
①因为；由于
Thank yu fr cming t see me. 谢谢你来看我。
He is famus fr his pems. 他因为他的诗出名。
Fr several reasns, I’d rather nt meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。
②（表示目的地或方向）向；前往
They’ll leave fr Beijing tmrrw. 明天他们动身去北京。
Is this the train fr Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？
③支持；赞成（反义词：against）
Are yu fr r against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？
I’m all fr the yung enjying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。
④就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常）
He’s dne well fr a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。
He is heavy fr a small by. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。
The day is cl fr July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
⑤对于；至于；关于
Fr her, bks were as necessary t life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。
It wuld be excellent experience fr him t travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
⑥(表示时间、距离、数量)持续，达
Fr a few minutes she sat n her bed watching the clck..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。
We drve n fr a few miles.我们继续往前开了几公里。
⑦（表示目的或功能）为了；用于
They went ut fr a walk. 他们出去散步了。
What did yu d that fr? 你干吗这样做？
This knife is fr cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
⑧（表示对象）为了，给，对于
Here is a letter fr yu. 这是你的信。
Isn't that enugh fr yu?.那对你来说不够吗？
⑨ (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语)
Is there any need fr me t g? 我有没有必要去？
It is a great pity fr him t leave here s sn. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。
It is dangerus fr a small child t crss the rad alne. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。
（6）frm
① (表示时间)从…起，始于
She is singing frm mrning t night. 她从早唱到晚。
②(表示范围或状态)从…(到…)
He ran all the way hme frm schl. 他从学校一路跑回家。
Unemplyment has fallen frm 7.5% t 7.2%.失业率从 7.5％降到7.2％。
③ (表示距离)离(某处)…
Our schl is tw miles frm the statin. 我们学校离车站两英里。
④（表示来源）来自；出自
He cmes frm Shanghai. 他来自上海。
⑤ (用于 prtect, free, keep, prevent 等动词后)免于，阻止，防止
The pill will relieve yu frm pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。
⑥(表示区别、比较)
He is ld enugh t knw right frm wrng. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。
I can’t tell ne twin frm the ther. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
⑦(表示原料) 由…(制成)
Flur is made frm wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。
⑧（表示原因）因为,由于
He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed frm laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。
He is trembling frm fear. 他吓得发抖
⑨(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断)
Frm her lks yu wuld say she was abut twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。
The expressin n his face changed frm sympathy t surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。
（7）under
①[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下
She sat very still under the tree.她在树底下静静地坐着。
All this happened under his eyes.这一切都发生在他的眼皮底下。
②[表示年龄或数量]低于；在…以下
Many children under five g t nursery schl.5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园。
The watch cannt be sld fr under 100 yuan.这块表低于100元不卖。
The ttal is under what was expected.总数低于预计数。
③[表示从属关系、影响所及] 在（…领导）下；在（…影响）下；在（…统治）之下
He's very much under the influence f the lder bys.那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大。
The army is under the cmmand f General Smith.这支部队由史密斯将军指挥。
He kept the situatin under cntrl.他把情势控制下来。
④[尤指一层衣服]在的里面（或底下)
I was wearing tw sweaters under the green army jacket.我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。
He had n shirt n under his thin jumper.他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。
He wre a vest under his jacket. 他在夹克里穿了件背心。
⑤在（…状况或条件）下
His best friend was killed by plice under extremely questinable circumstances.他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况下被警察打死了。
Under nrmal cnditins, nly abut 20 t 40 per cent f vitamin E is absrbed.正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的维生素E会被吸收。
The car is under repair.这辆汽车在修理中。
⑥用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名）
He never wrte under his real name.他从来不用真名实姓写作。
The patient was registered under a false name.那位患者挂号时用了假名。
（8）upn
①在…上
He set the tray upn the table.他把盘子放在桌子上。
He bent frward and laid a kiss sftly upn her frehead.他弯身向前，在她额头上轻轻一吻。
She sat upn the sfa.她坐在沙发上。
②一…即…；一…就…
Upn seeing her, I smiled and ran tward her.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了过去。
Upn his arrival at Qinhuangda, he gave me a ring.他已到达秦皇岛就给我打了电话。
③将要发生；马上来临
The lng-threatened strm was upn us.酝酿多时的暴风雨就要向我们袭来。
The wedding seasn is upn us.结婚旺季就要来了。
【短语】
nce upn a time很久以前
lk dwn upn瞧不起
upn my wrd 的确；我发誓
1.（2025·重庆巴蜀中学高考适应性月考卷（二））The Panda Ridge habitat where the pair will live is fur times larger than the previus panda enclsure, the z said, and takes cues (仿效) frm China’s landscape, features imitating canyns, muntains and cliffs.
2.Nt nly the students but als the teacher was ________ the plan at that time.
3.The Great Wall winds its way frm west t east, acrss deserts, ver muntains, __________ valleys until at last it reaches the sea.
考点六 考查介词短语的含义和用法
1. (2024•新高考Ⅱ卷) “Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut were als Shakespeare’s cncerns. I happen t knw that Tang’s play The Peny Pavilin (《牡丹亭》) is similar in sme ways ___39___ Rme and Juliet.”
2.（2023•新高考Ⅰ卷）There yu will find them prepared differently—mre dumpling and less sup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rlled.
3．（2023•全国乙卷）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the mdern. Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut,with the city keeping its carefully built system f ring rads.
4.（2022年6月•浙江卷) Luc Gandarias, wh’s nw thirteen, went blind suddenly ______ age seven.
注意总结一些介词短语的含义和用法：
at the age f 5;at age 5;at 5在5岁时 at ne’s service随时为某人服务；听凭某人的吩咐
at (the) sight f当看到……时 at first sight乍一看；初看起来
by chance/accident偶然；碰巧 by mistake错误地；无意地
by far最；……得多 by hand用手；用体力
fr sale出售的；待售的fr free免费地 fr nthing免费的；白费地。
常考的介词短语
①at＋名词
at a lss不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平状态at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at wrk在工作
②其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒at the sight f 一看到……at the age f在……岁时in the face f 面对；面临in additin (t)另外；除了in case f 万一in charge f负责；主管in favur f赞成；支持in need f 需要in n time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparatin fr为……作准备in return fr作为回报f help/use 有帮助的/有用的f imprtance重要的n behalf f代表
③by＋名词
by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by frce用暴力by hand手工地by mistake错误地by the mnth按月算
④beynd＋名词
beynd cmparisn无与伦比beynd cntrl失控beynd descriptin难以描述beynd dubt毋庸置疑beynd expressin 难以表达beynd (ne's) reach够不到
⑤in＋名词
in bed在床上；卧床in danger处于危险中in debt负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits情绪高昂in need处于困难中in rder 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in truble 在困难中in use使用中
⑥n＋名词
n a trip在旅行n business出差n display/shw在展出n duty在值班n hliday/vacatin在度假n sale在出售n strike在罢工n the way在途中
⑦ut f＋名词
ut f balance失去平衡ut f cntrl失去控制ut f danger 脱离危险ut f date过期ut f rder出故障ut f wrk失业
⑧under＋名词
under cnsideratin在考虑中under cnstructin在建造中under cntrl在控制之下under discussin在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中
1.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）In the Chinese sectin, the average daily number f passenger trains has increased 35 at the beginning f the line’s peratin in late 2021 t 51.
2.（2025·东北三省三校联考）Hwever, despite these apparent differences, bth cultures have smething in cmmn: their festivals are all in celebratin life and the pursuit f happiness. Western festivals like Thanksgiving and Hallween, which have religius rigins, have gradually develped int ccasins fr family gatherings, gratitude sharing and creative expressins.
3.（2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学教学质量诊断）During the Qing Dynasty, the drums were als played n the New Year’s Eve f the lunar calendar at the imperial palace. cnsequence, the perfrmance als became knwn as the “New Year Drum” by Beijingers.
考点七 考查介词与其他词类的搭配
1.（2023•新高考Ⅱ卷）And wh d they speak English ?
2.（2022•新高考I卷) Giant pandas als serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China.
3.（2021年7月•浙江卷）Beautifully restred（修复）t its 1860 appearance, the huse was Abraham and Mary Lincln’s hme fr 17 years. In 1844 they bught it ______ $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their marriage ceremny in 1842.
常考动词的固定结构和搭配
①★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋f＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse控告 cheat欺骗cure治愈 infrm通知remind使想起 rb抢劫
warn警告 rid使摆脱suspect怀疑 persuade说服cnvince使信服
②★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋fr＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
blame责备 criticize批评frgive原谅 excuse原谅pardn原谅 punish惩罚
scld责备 thank感谢praise赞扬 respect尊重admire钦佩；赞赏
③★★★ 用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋frm＋(ding) sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent阻止stp阻止keep阻止prtect保护preserve保护；保存 defend保卫ban禁止prhibit阻止；禁止shelter保护
④常考的动词短语
remind sb. f sth. 提醒某人某事 result frm 由……造成，因……而产生
call at访问(某地) add t增加
call fr要求；需要 care abut关心
end up with以……结束 fix ne's eyes n 注视
give in屈服；上交 get rid f免除；摆脱
lk dwn n/upn轻视；看不起 make use f利用
run ut f用完 take pride in因……而自豪
live up t不辜负 cme up with提出
take n呈现 put frward提出
put up with忍受 make fun f取笑
adapt t适应 refer t涉及；查阅；指的是
cme acrss (偶然)遇见 pick up捡起；用车接(某人)；接收
1.（2025·河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评）It prvides a time-travel experience fr bth an educatinal and artistic appeal. The jurney begins a brief timeline f texts, phts and vides, shwing hw Sanxingdui was first discvered in the 1920s, when bjects were fund by farmers digging an irrigatin ditch (灌溉沟渠); and it highlights the imprtant mments in the past century’s cntinued archaelgical effrts, t reveal the myths surrunding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet t be uncvered.
2. （2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研）By rganizing the festival, Fuzhu aims t prmte excellent traditinal culture, tell Chinese stries in a mre engaging manner and carry ut Chinese and freign cultural exchanges and cperatin t draw dmestic and glbal attentin Tang Xianzu, Fuzhu, Jiangxi, thus increasing Chinese culture’s presence and influence.
3.（2025·广东省部分学校高三上学期8月大联考）The new species was named Orecharis rilus (黄鹂属)
the lively bird rile, as its bright yellw flwers resemble the bird’s feather clr.
04重难点突破 介词及介词短语基本知识的综合运用
介词及介词短语重难点突破：依据句式和搭配填介词
(1)与动词搭配，如： remind sb f sth“提醒某人某事”；rb sb f sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配，如： by accident“偶然”；by neself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配，如：be curius abut“对……感到好奇”；be prud f “因……而自豪”。
(4)其他搭配，如：nt ...“直到……才……”；frm ...“从……到……”；between ... “在……和……之间”。
（1）高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
（2）语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。
（3）名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night、n Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in、be gd at等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen t、arrive at、lk fr等。
(1)及物动词后直接跟宾语时，无需再加介词。
(2)last、next等后跟名词表示时间时，无需加介词。
(3)不及物动词后跟宾语时，应加相应的介词。
(4)避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应为with the help f，而不是under the help f。
语法填空
（2025·广东省汕头市金山中学高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
A century ag in the city f Shantu, nstalgia (念旧) drve successful verseas Chinese businessmen t return, invest and cntribute t the develpment f its thriving dwntwn area f their hmetwn. The neatly 1 (plan) ld twn they helped create, with its rw upn rw f picturesque qilu, 2 (knw) tday as the Small Park histrical area and bears witness t the city’s stries.
The city, als called Swatw by lcals, became a treaty prt (通商口岸) fr freign trade in 1860 3 the Small Park became a cmmercial center famus fr its mdern lifestyle. 4 (fllw) the funding f New China in 1949, it became a busy, harmnius neighbrhd, and since 1978, the city 5 (bm) as a result f refrm and pening-up. 6 the passage f time, the ld twn’s prsperity faded as Shantu extended eastward, 7 many f thse wh grew up there and have cherished 8 (memry) f the area dn’t want t leave it behind. Instead, they strive t keep its memry alive, taking up pens r lens 9 (ensure) that its frmer glry is tld t bth the city’s yunger generatin, and t the grwing number f visitrs. “The creatin f the Small Park area is a 10 (reflect) f the city’s histrical develpment.” says the deputy directr f the culture, radi, televisin, turism and sprts bureau f Jinping district, where the qilu neighbrhd is lcated.
考点
目标要求
考题统计及展示
考情分析
在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性）
熟练掌握①动词的基本词义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词
（2024·新高考I卷） 44.hated
59.clse→clsed
（2024·新高考II卷）21.settle 22.struggle 23.string 24.praise
从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空形式考查介词及介词短语，
以完形填空、阅读理解的形式考查学生对有关动词及动词短语含义辨析、动词的一词多义、熟词生义等，理解词义重在理解语境。
预计在2025年高考中，介词及介词短语将会出现在语法填空中，介词及短语的常考点。
动词及动词短语含义辨析将出现在完形填空和阅读理解中。动词及动词短语在完形填空和阅读理解中是必考点。
在语境中考查动词短语的含义
熟练掌握①动词短语的含义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词短语
（2024·新高考I卷）55.set gals fr
（2024·新高考II卷）42.cme up with
考查动词的熟词生意
通过语境推断熟词生义的准确含义
(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A) sensitive adj. 易受影响的；需保护的
(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) practice n. 惯常做法
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)addressing v.处理；应对
考查介词基本含义和用法
介词的通用基本含义和用法是考试的重点
（2024·新高考I卷）63.as
（2024·全国甲卷）47.fr
（2023•1月新高考浙江卷）as
（2022•全国高考乙卷)by
考查特殊介词的含义和用法
熟练掌握常考特殊介词的含义及用法
(2021年浙江卷1月)by
考查介词短语的含义和用法
根据句子结构和语境正确判断并使用介词短语
(2024•新高考Ⅱ卷) 39.t
（2023•新高考Ⅰ卷）by
（2022年6月•浙江卷)at
考查介词与其他词类的搭配
主要考查动词+介词的动词短语
（2023•新高考Ⅱ卷）
（2022•新高考I卷) serve as...
（2021年7月•浙江卷）buy