专题02 阅读理解推理判断题（原卷版+解析版）

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英语阅读能力的考查不但要求理解具体事实细节，也要求理解抽象的含义，既要求理解字面意思，又要求理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行推理和判断。
英语推理判断题常用infer, imply,suggest, cnclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpse等词提问，或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如: can, culd, might, wuld 等何其他表示可能性的副词或词组，如prbably, mst likely等。
推理判断题考查的趋势分析：
(1)对特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理：做此类试题时，要善于某一段话中的'关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
⑵整合全文(段)信息进行的推断：做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来进行推理判断，确定最佳结论。
(3)利用语境的褒贬性进行的信息推断：几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态以及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特点几发展变化，从而进行正确的逻辑判断很有好处。
(4)根据文章的结论推断作者的态度：作者的态度、倾向是作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
(5)根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论：逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按照事件发展的经过描写，也可按因果关系、对比关系来描写。
(6)结合自己已有的知识进行推断：知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章意思的结论的的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。解答此类题不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有充分的理解。
题型特征总览
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题, 一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上, 通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
（一）命题方式
(1)We can infer frm the(first/last)paragraph that ______.
(2)The passage/authr implies/suggests that ______.
(3)It can be cncluded frm the passage that ______.
(4)What can we infer/learn frm the stry?
(5)The main purpse f the passage is______.
(6)Where des this passage prbably cme frm?
(7)What’s the authr’s attitude twards. . . ?
（二）选项特征
1. 正确选项的特征
(1)一般根据原文内容, 一步即可推断出结果
(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念, 如nly, never, all, abslutely等。正确答案一般比较模糊, 如ften, usually, might, pssibly等
2. 干扰选项的特征
题型突破攻略
一、隐含推断题
隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。在解答这类题时，可采用“一步推导”法。即推理判断题的最近答案原则：推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推出的好。推理判断题不是考查我们的想象力，它实际是考查我们原文中的某一个点或几个点所涉及的问题读透了没有。因此做题时不能想得太多，推得过远，是否把原文读懂才是关键。此类题目的题干一般包括以下五个动词：infer(推断)；cnclude(推断，得出结论)；indicate(暗示)；imply (暗示)；suggest(暗示)。
【典型例题】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins.Mdel Paige Mrgan says，“T give peple a guilt－free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing，at least here in New Yrk.”Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable.She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec－friendly.
31．What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A．It’s frmal.B．It’s risky.
C．It’s harmful.D．It’s traditinal.
【分析】
·第一步 通读题目找出题干关键词：infer abut wearing fur
·第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：T give peple a guilt－free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing，at least here in New Yrk.
·第三步 仔细比对选项：Mrgan觉得在纽约，给予人们一种没有负罪感的选择，他们可以穿海狸鼠皮做的衣服而不被人泼颜料——我认为是一件大事， 由此可推断出穿皮草具有风险性。
二、观点态度题
观点态度题是高考英语阅读理解常考的一种题型，也是考生很容易失分的一种题型。文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的情感、观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。常见的设问方式有：
·Hw des the authr feel
·What des the authr think
·What is the authr’s attitude
·The authr’s attitude be described as ________．
注意：
(1)关注首段首尾句，确定文章主题，判断作者的观点态度。
(2)关注but后表示观点态度的语句来判断作者或文中人物的观点。
(3)关注作者所举的例子或者所引用的话语，来判断文章作者或文中人物的态度倾向。
(4)关注文章语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度。
(5)不要将个人的好恶态度糅进题中，要学会分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。
选项常用词汇
注意：以下选项一般不是答案
(1)subjective主观的，一般说明性的文章一定是客观叙述的；
(2)indifferent漠不关心的，作者既然写文章描述，就一定不会漠不关心。
【典型例题】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse，”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in：“We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther－in－law.”
And what des Nick think？“Frm my standpint，it all seems t wrk very well.Wuld I recmmend it？Yes，I think I wuld.”
29．What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther－in－law?
A．Psitive.B．Carefree.
C．Tlerant.D．Unwilling.
【分析】
·第一步 通读题目找出题干关键词：Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther－in－law
·第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：“Frm my standpint，it all seems t wrk very well.Wuld I recmmend it? Yes，I think I wuld.”
·第三步 仔细比对选项：尼克对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度。
三、写作意图题
通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力，是阅读理解题中较高层次的题目，它与文章主题不同，但又关系密切，所以可以算作主旨大意题的一种变体。
1.从写作手法推断写作目的
2.从字里行间推断写作目的
在阅读中，有时作者并未把写作意图说出来，需要阅读者在阅读、理解整体语篇的基础上，根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的写作意图。
【典型例题】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读C)
In the mid－1990s，Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven mnths，physically brken and having lst his mind.A few years later，still attracted t the cuntry，he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit，hwever，ended up invlving a lt mre than that．Hence this bk，Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia，which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan，where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea.It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land，and f the peple he meets n his way：Rustam，his translatr，a lvely 24－year－ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia，Oleg and Natasha，his hsts in Tashkent，and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan，made f friendliness and warmth，but als its darker side f sciety.In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders，while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing.In Ferghana，he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼) fllwed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan，he is saddened by the dust strms，diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references，making his tale a well－runded picture f Uzbekistan，seen frm Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American，as well as his delicate stmach.As the authr explains，this is neither a travel nr a histry bk，r even a piece f reprtage.Whatever it is，the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
11．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T intrduce a bk.
B．T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C．T remember a writer.
D．T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【分析】
·第一步 审读题目找出题干关键词：the purpse f this text
·第二步 从字里行间推断写作目的：迅速读懂原文理清文章脉络：文章开头引出汤姆·比塞尔写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价。
·第三步 仔细比对选项：全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者介绍并推荐这本书。
四、文章出处/读者对象题
文章出处要从文章结构、语言特色和标志信息着手，结合文章的具体内容来断定。确定读者对象要从文章内容和文章措辞来判断。
1.熟知文体判文章出处
2.确定读者对象
【典型例题】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn，the market is grwing fr bimetric (生物测量)technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e－spaces.At present，these technlgies are still expensive，thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw－cst device (装置) that gets arund this prblem：a smart keybard.This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key.The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique t each persn.Thus，the keybard can determine peple’s identities，and by extensin，whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
31．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．A diary.B．A guidebk.
C．A nvel.D．A magazine.
【分析】
·第一步 确定题干中的关键信息：this text mst likely frm
·第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw－cst device...”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，lw－cst device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道。
·第三步 结合文章的具体内容合理推断得出答案：科研报道最有可能出现在杂志上。
名校资源学练
1
（2023春·广东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）When yu hear the beginning f yur favrite sng frm the radi, suddenly yur neck is cvered in gse bumps.
It's such a thing that a grup f scientists call “skin excitement”—a feeling f cld caused nt by a drp in temperature r sudden scare, but by the sense f beauty. “Skin excitement” can cme frm a sng, a painting, a mving mvie scene, r even a belved memry-pretty much anything that causes the giving ut f pleasure-saked dpamine in yur brain. But it des nt cme fr all f us.
Yur favrite music uncvers a lt abut yur persnality，and s des hw yu respnd t that music. Studies suppse that as few as 55 percent f peple experience “skin excitement” when listening t music. And if yu cunt yurself amng this grup, the gse bumps n yur skin aren't the nly giveaway—scientists can read it in yur brain, t. In a new study published in the jurnal Scial Cgnitive and Affective Neurscience, Harvard researchers perfrmed brain scans n 10 students wh said they reliably gt cld when listening t music, and 10 students wh didn't. They fund that the cld-prne brains may really be excited by strnger emtins.
Cld-prne brains are generally mre likely t shw strnger emtinal intelligence than n-cld brains. Cld-prne minds tend t have unusual active imaginatin, reflect mre deeply n their emtins, and appreciate nature and the beauty f music and art t a strnger degree than n-cld brains.
S, what type f music causes the chills? It seems that the type is nt s imprtant; participants in the new study reprted getting cld frm sngs f every kind. And any sng cnnected with a strng emtinal memry f the listener can prduce the mst reliable results. Fr me, that's the sng Sailing t Philadelphia by Mark Knpfler, which I listened t as a kid in the car with my dad, n the way t the summer camp.
1. What can we learn abut “skin excitement” in the text?
A. It helps t prduce dparmine.
B. It is caused by the pain in the skin.
C. It can be experienced by every music listener.
D. It is the human bdy's reactin t smething nice.
2. What des the new study by Harvard researchers mainly find?
A. The percentage f music lvers in students.
B. The slutins t the gse bumps n ne's skin.
C. The differences between cld-prne and n-cld brains.
D. The relatinship between ne's music preference and persnality.
3. What are peple with cld-prne brains like?
A. Beautiful and intelligent.B. Emtinal and dishnest.
C. Imaginative and sensitive.D. Brave and strng-minded.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Respnses t Music Vary amng Peple
B. A Feeling f Cld Is Caused by Hrrible Music
C. Yur Favrite Music Reveals Yur Persnality
D. Favrite Music May Bring Frth Gse Bumps
2
（2023秋·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈师大附中校考期末）When yu think f the Himalayas, yu may picture tall, rcky, snw-cvered peaks. But that’s nt true.
The subnival (亚冰雪的) regin is the zne between the treeline and the snwline. It is 5 t 5 times as large as the areas f glaciers and permanent snw, which means studying it is vital t understanding the Himalayas as a whle.
The treeline is the edge f an ecsystem where trees are able t grw, and beynd the treeline envirnmental cnditins becme t tugh t allw tree grwth. Meanwhile, snwlines are the bundaries n muntains that separate areas with permanent snw (where snw is present fr the majrity f the year) frm areas with seasnal r n snw.
Researchers used satellite data frm 1993 t 2018 t measure plant cver between 4,150 meters and 6,000 meters abve sea level. The scientists discvered that the greatest increase in plant cver was between an altitude f 5,000 meters and 5,500 meters. Subnival plants mstly include small shrubs and grasses.
Even areas nce cmpletely ccupied by glaciers nw hld rcks cvered with msses, lichen, and smetimes even flwers. In additin, the snwline seems t be retreating, while the treeline is expanding. This shws that the regin is becming warmer, causing mre melting f snw and allwing vegetatin t mve up in height.
In the past 40 years, 25% f all Himalayan ice has been lst due t glbal warming. Himalayan glaciers are reducing by abut 0.5 meters each year. The rate f glacier melting has dubled in this decade. The melting f glaciers increases water in the regin, making it wetter. Receding snw als frces the snwline t mve up, prviding a greater amunt f area fr the warm and mist cnditins, which are perfect fr vegetatin grwth.
As f nw, we d nt knw whether vegetatin will accelerate r slw dwn the rate f glacier melting.
5. Hw des the writer develp the third paragraph?
A. By explaining cncepts.B. By prviding sme examples.
C. By analyzing causes and effects.D. By listing specific data.
6. What des the underlined wrd “retreating” mean in Paragraph 5?
A. Disappearing.B. Lengthening.C. Withdrawing.D. Widening.
7. What is the direct effect f glbal warming n the Himalayas?
A. The snwline mves up.B. Glaciers are melting faster.
C. The subnival area is wetter.D. Plants grw much better.
8. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The climate f the Himalayas is changing.
B. Icebergs in the Himalayas have disappeared.
C. Plants are diverse in the Himalayas.
D. Plant life spreads in the Himalayas.
3
（2023·江苏盐城·盐城中学校考三模）Humans are nt the nly nes wh underwent self-dmesticatin. S did ur clse relatives, the bnbs, and the species we call ur best friend. A tiny prprtin f the genme differentiates dgs frm wlves, and yet millins f dgs are cmfrtably curled up in ur hmes, while wlves mve arund at the edge f extinctin.
When ur research grup began its wrk almst 20 years ag, we discvered that dgs als have extrardinary intelligence: they can read ur gestures better than any ther species. Wlves, in cntrast, are mysterius and unpredictable. Their hme is the wilderness, and that wilderness is shrinking.
But nt s lng ag the evlutinary race between dgs and wlves was s clse, it was unclear wh wuld win. Dgs, in fact, did nt descend frm wlves. Instead, dgs and wlves shared a wlflike ancestr.
Flklre suppses that humans brught wlf puppies int camp and dmesticated them. Or as wlf expert David Mech wrte in 1974, “Evidently early humans tamed wlves and dmesticated them, eventually selectively breeding them and finally develping the dmestic dg frm them.” But this stry has nt held up. Taming an animal ccurs during its lifetime. Dmesticatin happens ver generatins and invlves changes t the genme.
S hw did wlves turn int dgs? Back in the Ice Age, as ur human ppulatins grew mre sedentary, we prbably created mre rubbish, which we then dumped utside ur camps. These leavings wuld have included tempting pieces f fd fr hungry wlves. Nt every wlf wuld have been able t scavenge, hwever. These animals wuld have had t be unafraid f humans, and if they displayed any aggressin tward us, they wuld have been killed. After generatins f selectin fr friendliness withut intentinal selectin by humans, this special ppulatin f wlves wuld have begun t take n a different appearance. Cat clr, ears, tails: all prbably started t change.
Animals that culd respnd t ur gestures and vices wuld be extremely useful as hunting partners and guards. They wuld have been valuable as well fr their warmth and cmpaninship, and slwly we wuld have allwed them t mve frm utside ur camps t ur firesides. We did nt dmesticate dgs. The friendliest wlves dmesticated themselves.
9. What can be summarized abut wlves and dgs frm the first three paragraphs?
A. Wlves are smarter than dgs.
B. They are very much racially divided.
C. They are clse relatives but dgs seem t be n the winning side.
D. Dgs have made their ways t indr life while wlves t the wild.
10. What is the meaning f the underlined wrd “sedentary” in paragraph 5?
A. diverseB. limited
C. living in the same placeD. invlving regular migratin
11. What des the authr cnclude frm the histry f dgs and wlves?
A. Dgs evlved frm wlves.
B. Selective breeding develped dmestic dgs.
C. Taming and dmesticating an animal are the same thing.
D. Friendliness as a quality translates int an evlutinary strategy.
12. Which f the fllwing is suitable fr a title?
A. Frm Wlf t Dg
B. Dg: Our Favrite Pet
C. An Intentinal Dmesticatin
D. A Cmpetitin Stry between Wlf and Dg
4
（2023春·重庆·高三开学考试）Remember when yur mm tld yu nt t eat t many candy bars r sweets because they can cause tth decay (蛀牙)? Hwever, it turns ut that chclate can be mre salutary t yur teeth than yu might expect. Recent studies shw that chclate can effectively fight against tth decay, as if we need anther excuse t eat chclate.
Chclate ffers prtectin like fluride, a main ingredient in mst husehld tthpastes. Nt nly des chclate prtect ur teeth, but it can d s very effectively. Studies shw that chclate has cmpunds that prvide strng prtectin fr teeth. One f the cmpunds in chclate, CBH, is shwn t prtect even mre effectively than fluride.
Tth decay happens when bacteria wrk t turn sugar int acids in ur muth. This is why eating fds with high sugar cntent can lead t mre tth decay. The cmpunds in chclate, hwever, are anti-bacteria and can fight against bacteria in yur muth. The CBH cmpund in particular als wrks t strengthen tth enamel (牙釉质), and prtects against tth decay.
Des this mean yu can cat as much chclate as yu want withut wrrying abut yur teeth? It depends n the types f chclate that yu like. The prtective effect f chclate is mst effective when yu chew n cca beans. Of curse, this ptin is nt very appealing t; mst peple. A mre tasty ptin is t chse dark chclate with little sugar cntent, ideally n mre than 6 t 8 grams per serving. Fr ther types f chclate with higher sugar cntent, the effect will be lessened. Hwever, because f the prtective cmpunds, it is still better fr yur teeth than ther sweets and desserts cntaining the same amunt f sugar.
13. The wrd “salutary” in paragraph 1 means?
A. Beneficial.B. Harmful.C. Familiar.D. Useless.
14. What can we knw abut the cmpund CBH in chclate?
A. It can help chclate cure tth decay.
B. It can effectively stp teeth frm decaying.
C. It may prtect teeth better than tthpastes d.
D. It may sn replace mst husehld tthpastes.
15. Hw des chclate fight tth decay?
A. By breaking dwn acids.B. By building up cmpunds.
C. By fixing up tth enamel.D. By fighting against bacteria.
16. What's the main idea f the text?
A. Chclate plays the rle f tthpaste.
B. Chclate prtects against tth decay.
C. Chclate is the best chice fr teeth prtectin.
D. Chclate is healthier t teeth than ther sweets.
5
（2023·广东深圳·深圳市建文外国语学校校考一模）With ver 4. 1 billin peple, r arund 55 percent f the wrld’s ppulatin, living in urban areas, cities and twns wrldwide are getting increasingly cngested. In additin t spending many hurs stuck in traffic, residents are als expsed t high air pllutin levels caused by transprtatin emissins. Nw, Saudi Arabia hpes t revlutinize urban living with “The Line”— a city designed arund nature, withut cars and rads!
“The Line” is designed by Saudi Crwn Prince Mhammed bin Salman (MBS). Lcated in NEOM — a 10,000-square-mile high-tech planned develpment n the Red Sea cast in the nrthwestern Saudi prvince f Tabu — The Line will be the crnerstne f MBS s Saudi Visin 2030. The plan aims t diversify Saudi Arabia’s il-dependent ecnmy int ther sectrs, like turism, and create exciting jb pprtunities fr its citizens.
The 105-mile-lng city, expected t cst between $100 billin and $200 billin, will be built alng a straight line and is made up f several self-sustaining cmmunities. T ensure all services are within a shrt, five-minute walk, each cmmunity will feature a three-layer infrastructure (基础设施).
The tp “pedestrian layer” will be vid f cars and rads, allwing residents t freely walk and bike in the surrunding green spaces. The secnd “service layer”, will include all essential daily services, such as schls, leisure facilities and grcery stres. The third “spine layer” will huse high-speed subway and autnmus vehicles capable f transprting residents acrss cmmunities in less than 20 minutes. The entire city will be pwered with renewable clean energy surces such as slar and wind, and pssibly even hydrgen.
If all ges accrding t plan t cnstructin f this cmplex prject will start befre the 1st quarter f 2021. In additin t prviding up t a millin residents with a clean and stress-free living envirnment, The Line is expected t create 380,000 new jbs, start ecnmic diversificatin, and cntribute an astunding $ 48 billin t Saudi Arabia’s Grss Dmestic Prduct (GDP) by 2030. Mre imprtantly, MBS believes it will prvide gvernments wrldwide a “blueprint fr hw peple and planet can c-exist in harmny.”
17. We can infer that “The Line” will be_________.
A. tempraryB. primitiveC. ec-friendlyD. cnventinal
18. What is The Line meant t result in?
A. Lw crime rates.B. High unemplyment.
C. Super cmmunities.D. Diverse ecnmic sectrs.
19. What can be fund n the secnd layer?
A. Medical clinics.B. Bus stps.
C. Undergrund trains.D. Cycling lanes.
20. Which f the fllwing is the best title?
A. Saudi Arabia Has Created A Green City With N Cars Or Streets
B. “The Line” Will Be The Crnerstne Of MBS's Saudi Visin 2030
C. “The Line”— Blueprint Of Peple And Animals C-existing In Harmny
D. Saudi Arabia Annunces “The Line”— A Lw Carbn City Withut Cars
6
（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）Last year, a ppular restaurant released a live stream f a family dining in it, withut asking their permissin. After finding ut what the restaurant was ding, the family shwed their bjectin, but the restaurant ignred it and insisted that they had the right t d it. Mrever, they tried t silence the family, saying that their behavir was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate n the vilatin f privacy and prtrait rights by webcasts.
It desn't bther sme peple when their images are uncnsciusly recrded by cameras and shwn thrugh live streams n different nline platfrms. They may even enjy appearing n screens and cperate with sme businesses. In that way, the restaurant can have mre public expsure and thus attract mre custmers, which is their purpse f webcasting. Hwever, thers including the family mentined abve, are against it. The family thught that their prtrait rights were vilated, cnsidering n ne had asked if it was kay t use the images f them. They fund intlerable that their actins captured by the camera were webcast live t millins f viewers, nt t mentin the fact that sme f them were nt s decent. Thus they demanded an aplgy frm restaurant.
Peple may behave in a relaxed way when eating r resting, and they dn't want thers t see them in this way. Thus, frm a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their custmers fr cmmercial reasns, they have vilated custmers prtrait rights.
Webcasting smene withut his r her cnsent amunts t a vilatin f prtrait rights, which is getting increasingly cmmn these days as cellphne webcasting is grwing in ppularity fr technical cnvenience, Hwever, public awareness f privacy prtectin is still falling behind. Mre shuld be dne t make sure webcasting is develping sustainably, withut vilating peple's legal rights.
21. What is the majr issue argued in the passage?
A. A famus restaurant published a live stream f a family dining in it.
B. The family shwed their bjectin t the famus restaurant's webcast.
C. The restaurant ignred the bjectin and insisted they had the right t d it.
D. The restaurant claimed that the family was damaging the restaurant's image.
22. What des the underlined wrd "that" in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Custmers enjy appearing n screens.
B. Custmers cperate with sme businesses.
C. Custmers are shwn thrugh live streams nline.
D. Custmers are uncnsciusly recrded by cameras.
23. Which f the fllwing behavirs may vilate custmers' privacy and prtrait rights?
A. Businesses webcast custmers live accrding t their agreement.
B. Businesses webcast custmers fr cmmercial reasns and pay them.
C. Businesses webcast custmers imprper actins with their permissin.
D. Businesses webcast custmers behaving in a relaxed way withut infrming them.
24. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. Public awareness f privacy prtectin is increasing
B. A famus restaurant released a live stream f a family
C. Hw can peple behave in a relaxed way when having a rest
D. A debate n whether webcasts vilate privacy and prtrait rights
25. What is the authr's attitude tward webcasts?
A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Psitive. D. Subjective.
7
（2023·广西贵港·统考三模）Cry, aged 30, was diagnsed with spinal muscular atrphy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very yung age. Because f his cnditin, he began using a wheelchair at age 4. His mther, Sandy Gilbreath, raised him as a single parent. Althugh taking care f a child with a disability was challenging, she ensured that Cry didn't miss ut n the fun things in life. Sandy tk him n rad trips during summer breaks thrughut his childhd. The exciting experiences f explring new places inspired him t set a lifelng gal f visiting all seven cntinents.
Frtunately, Cry was able t d that just befre the COVID-19 started. He and his mther traveled t Antarctica in February, just befre the brders clsed. It was the seventh and final cntinent ff his list. He became the first-ever wheelchair user t visit all the seven cntinents!
Accrding t Cry, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range f planning and research. He starts his research six t twelve mnths befre each trip, making sure that there are accessible transprtatin ptins in the lcatin. He wuld als call up htels r rental hmes t cnfirm if they are truly as accessible as they claim t be.
When Cry started ging n adventures, there weren't many nline resurces discussing accessible travel. T help ther travelers with disabilities explre the wrld as he des, he decided t share his knwledge in his blg. Aiming t prmte representatin f the wheelchair-using cmmunity, Cry and his mther wrte a children's bk, titled Let's Explre with Cr Cr, which is abut a by wh travels arund the wrld in his pwered wheelchair.
Traveling t all seven cntinents wasn't smething I was sure was ging t be pssible," he said. "But if yu stay determined and keep a psitive attitude, the pprtunities are limitless."
26. What made Cry Lee decide t visit all seven cntinents?
A. His mther's expectatin.
B. His travelling experiences.
C. His dream f helping thers.
D. His bjective f making a histry.
27. What wrries Cry mst abut a trip?
A. Rental fees.
B. Lcal attractins.
C. Accmmdatin.
D. Transprtatin.
28. Why did Cry and his mther write the bk?
A. T enrich nline resurces.
B. T recrd travelling events.
C. T help peple with special needs.
D. T intrduce wheelchair adventures.
29. What can we learn frm Cry's stry?
A. Nthing can prevent a determined heart.
B. Disability can turn int an pprtunity,
C. Travelling shapes a psitive attitude.
D. Mm is the creatr f children's dreams.
8
（2023秋·广东深圳·高三统考期末）Bstn wants t be smarter. The city has taken advantage f technlgies t becme mre respnsive t its residents' needs. But technlgy alne is nt sufficient t make tday's cities liveable. Bstn has discvered that it als needs t reach the ld-fashined lw-tech cmmunity and integrate that technlgy with city life.
Kris Carter rlled ut Bstn's smart city prgram in 2014. It started with an App that residents culd dwnlad t reprt lcatins where sidewalks needed repair. The city srted ut thse reprts and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used t priritize their wrk.
The system wrked beautifully, except fr ne prblem: mst f the alerts(警报) came frm wealthier neighbrhds, where the cncentratin f smartphne - equipped residents was highest. ＂The cmplaints frm the App didn't always crrelate with the greatest cmmunity need fr repairs, " explains Carter.
Carter's grup has mved away frm the mdel cmmn t many smart city initiatives f letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the prcess. Instead, they run meetings t find ut what prblems peple in different neighbrhds care abut slving. When it came t sidewalks, Bstn intrduced a secnd methd f cllecting repair tips, hiring peple t get ut and walk the city's 1,700 miles f sidewalks t take ntes n their cnditin.
Whether using lw-tech r high-tech appraches, says Carter, t stay smart, a city needs t cntinually reassess its ptins t spt pprtunities t imprve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair prgram, walking n the streets was prved a useful, if inefficient way t priritize repair needs. But last year the grup fund that walkers' mbile phnes culd be tracked as they mved alng the streets, and that data culd be analyzed t identify sidewalk rutes which are mst ften used by neighbrhds.
“Cmbined with ur ther sidewalk infrmatin, that gave us an even better way t predict where faster repairs wuld d the mst gd," says Carter,"We're really always lking fr whatever mix f appraches best slves the prblem."
30. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The citizens' life.B. The city's reputatin.
C. The city's management.D. The benefits f technlgy.
31. What prblem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying ut their prgram?
A. They faced many technical bstacles.
B. They culdn't serve all residents well.
C. They were nt supprted by residents.
D. They were annyed by being shrt-staffed.
32. Which f the fllwing might Kris Carter mst agree with?
A. Maximizing the benefits f technlgy.
B. Mixing appraches fr slving prblems.
C. Giving full play t the pwer f residents.
D. Letting tech cmpanies be a leading rle.
33. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. A Smart City: Mre Than Just Tech
B. A City with Intelligent Facilities
C. Jint-effrt in City Cnstructin
D. The Mdernizatin f a City
9
（2023·北京·北京交通大学附属中学校考三模）T increase yur chances f landing an assignment fr a travel guidebk, yu need t find ut what the publishers are lking fr. Here are links t their submissin guidelines with a few special requirements and tips.
Fnr's
Fnr's is a publishing cmpany f bth travel guidebks and nline cntent cvering thusands f destinatins wrldwide. Visit Fnrs. cm/abut-us, and near the bttm f the page yu'll find "Write fr Us" with infrmatin fr submitting articles. D remember t attach a cpy f ne f yur ther wrks when cntributing.
☆TIP: Fnr's always hires writers wh live in the destinatins they cver. S, it's gd t remember: While yu may want t write abut a freign destinatin, mre than likely yu're clser t being an expert abut the place where yu live.
Wrkman
Wrkman publishes unique and unexpected travel guides such as 1, 000 Places t See Befre Yu Die, and The Fd Lver's Guide t Paris. Cnsider them if yu're interested in writing a nntraditinal travel guide. Yu can find their submissin guidelines at wrkman. cm/wrk-with-us. They require a typical nnfictin bk prpsal with a suggested table f cntents and authr infrmatin. A chapter f yur ther bks is als required. Send yur submissins t submissins@wrkman.cm.
☆TIP: If they dn't accept yur article, yu might be lucky enugh t get feedback abut why.
Lnely Planet
Writers can get in tuch with Lnely Planet by visiting their "Becme a Cntributr" page at LnelyPlanet.cm/cntribute. At that page yu'll find a frm asking fr a resume（简历）and links t yur ther writing, but there's als space fr mre travel-related infrmatin such as gegraphical knwledge and level f fluency in relevant languages.
☆TIP: Yu'll find they als accept articles fr "Travel News". If they say yes, yu may get anther chance fr a bigger jb such as a guidebk.
Fr mre infrmatin n publishers, please visit CntributrsDigest.cm.
34. This passage is mainly fr _______________.
A. guidesB. writers
C. travelersD. publishers
35. Wh may prvide advice n hw t imprve articles?
A. Fnr's. B. Wrkman.
C. Lnely Planet. D. Cntributr's Digest.
36. What is required by all the cmpanies?
A. Gegraphical knwledge. B. Nntraditinal ideas.
C. Overseas experience. D. Previus writing.
10
（2023春·重庆·高三重庆八中校考开学考试）When Simn Cane was in the secnd grade, he began learning abut all the ways humans have an impact n the envirnment and really tk thse classrm lessns t heart in a way that set him apart frm his schlmates at his elementary schl, P. S. 81, in the Brnx. “He tld me we drve t much and made t much pllutin,” his dad, Jnathan Cane, tld Runner’s Wrld. S Simn cnvinced his parents t start hanging their clthes t dry, taking the stairs instead f elevatrs, and ther “green” measures.
“Fr much f kindergarten and first grade I rde my bike t Simn’s schl with him n the back,” Jnathan said. “We had a lt f fun being utdrs. We’d stp t give ur dg treats and generally enjyed it.” As Simn gt bigger, thugh, it wasn’t practical fr him t ride n his father’s back, but it als didn’t make sense t ride tgether — bth because f safety cncerns and because there was n place t put away Simn’s bike. S, mst f the time they drve the 1. 5 miles t schl.
But in 2019, when Simn was ging int third grade, the 8-year-ld came up with a new way t help the planet: running the 1. 5 miles t P. S. 81. And Jnathan prmised his sn he’d jin him fr as lng as he wanted.
“We did a test run ne day in August, and decided t give it a g. T be hnest, I thught he’d blink (眨眼)after it gt really cld r rainy, but he never did,” Jnathan said. He recalled ne day when the weather was particularly bad. “It’s really raining ut there tday,” he tld Simn. “And Simn said, ‘Well then we’re ging t get wet!’ He tk pride in tughing it ut, and it became a really fun family rutine.”
Since the start, Simn has run with his dad and their black dg, Lla, and has even inspired his mm, Nicle Sin Quee, t jin in. They sn became knwn as “the family that runs t schl”.
37. What makes Simn different frm his classmates?
A. Washing his clthes by himself.B. Taking many classes after schl.
C. Raising strange questins in class.D. Taking green measures t prtect the envirnment.
38. Hw did Simn usually g t schl in secnd grade?
A. By car.B. By cycling.C. By running.D. By schl bus.
39. What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A. Simn has truble with his eyesight.B. Simn is really stubbrn and inflexible.
C. Simn is much tugher than expected.D. Simn didn’t get supprt frm his father.
40. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. The Best Way t G t Schl
B. Father and Sn Run fr the Envirnment
C. A Teenager Keeps Running t Inspire Father
D. Three Inspiring Running Athletes t Prtect the Envirnment
11
（2023春·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考开学考试）One dilemma that the super famus face is balancing the needs f privacy and recgnitin.
Fr sme stars privacy is an vervalued thing. In 1919, Duglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickfrd went n their Eurpean hneymn. The tw internatinal idls had divrced their previus spuses （配偶）and were cncerned abut hw they wuld be greeted. They needn’t have wrried. In Lndn their car was surrunded by admiring wmen wh pulled Mary ut f the car t shake her hand, still grateful after tw years fr her effrts selling war bnds. In Paris they culdn’t get any sleep with crwds gathering belw their htel rm t sing and play fr them. In Amsterdam they attended a party and were mbbed （包围）by ther guests wh wanted t get clse t them. The athletic Fairbanks placed his wife n his shulder and escaped thrugh the windw. Finally, they fund privacy in Hamburg, where their mvies were nt shwn because f Wrld War I. Fr an hur the famus newly-married cuple walked the streets unnticed until the bred Mary turned t her husband and said, “Dug, I’m sick f this. Let’s g back t ne f thse cuntries where they mb us.”
Jan Crawfrd had similar feelings. Once in the 1930s she was staying in New Yrk getting ver her breakup with Clark Gable. Tired f staying arund her htel feeling s dwn she tld her enturage （随从） they shuld g ut and get sme fresh air. The enturage, wh had truble keeping up with the star’s quick pace, were shcked when she walked away frm their planned rad. "Oh my Gd. She’s ging int Grand Central Statin!" Smene shuted, “Lk, it’s Jan Crawfrd! And she was mbbed. It tk them thirty minutes t escape the crwd and get back t their htel suite. Her hair disheveled （凌乱），her dress tm and her face scratched, Crawfrd leaned against the dr ut f breath. "Oh.,. h my. That was wnderful. Let’s d it again!”
41. What did Duglas and Mary wrry abut befre ging t Eurpe?
A. Nbdy wuld greet them.
B. They wuldn’t be welcmed.
C. Their war bnds wuldn’t sell well.
D. Their schedule wuld be made public.
42. What des Mary’s wrds in the secnd paragraph suggest?
A. Hamburg was t quiet a place fr her.
B. Her mvies weren’t shwn in Hamburg.
C. She fell ill after arriving in a new place.
D. She didn’t really enjy privacy s much.
43. What did Jan Crawfrd think f her being mbbed in New Yrk?
A. Amusing.B. Enjyable.C. Dangerus.D. Embarrassing.
44. The authr tells stries abut the mvie stars t shw that______.
A. they may feel dwn frm time t time
B. they deserve peple’s lve and respect
C. they need bth privacy and public attentin
D. they are nt always ppular arund the wrld
12
（2023秋·陕西西安·高三西安市铁一中学校考期末）Energy independence. It has a nice ring t it. Desn't it？If yu think s，yu're nt alne，because energy independence has been the dream f American president fr decades，and never mre s than in the past few years，when the mst recent il price shck has been partly respnsible fr kicking ff the great recessin.
"Energy independence" and its rhetrical （修辞的） cmpanin "energy security" are，hwever，slippery cncepts that are rarely thugh thrugh. What is it we want independence frm，exactly？
Mst peple wuld prbably say that they want t be independent frm imprted il. But there are reasns that we buy all that ld frm elsewhere.
The first reasn is that we need it t keep ur ecnmy running. Yes，there is a trickle（涓涓细流）f bifuels available，and mre may becme available，but mst bifuels cause ecnmic waste and envirnmental destructin.
Secnd，Americans have basically decided that they dn't really want t prduce all their wn il. They value the envirnmental quality they preserve ver their il imprts frm abrad. Vast areas f the United States are ff-limits t il explratin and prductin in the name f envirnmental prtectin. T what degree are Americans really willing t endure the envirnmental impacts f dmestic energy prductin in rder t cut back imprts？
Third，there are benefits t trade. It allws fr ecnmic efficiency，and when we buy things frm places that have lwer prductin csts than we d，we benefit. And althugh yu dn't read abut this much，the United States is als a large exprter f il prducts，selling abut 2millin barrels f petrleum prducts per day t abut 90cuntries.
There is n questin that the United States imprts a great deal f energy and，in fact，relies n that steady flw t maintain its ecnmy. When that flw is interrupted，we feel the pain in shrt supplies and higher prices.At the same time，we get massive ecnmic benefits when we buy the mst affrdable energy n the wrld market and when we engage in energy trade arund the wrld.
45. What des the authr say abut energy independence fr America？
A. It sunds very attractive.
B. It ensures natinal security.
C. It will bring il prices dwn.
D. It has lng been everyne's dream. .
46. Why des America rely heavily n il imprts？
A. It wants t expand its strage f crude il.
B. Its wn il reserves are quickly running ut.
C. Its wn il prductin falls shrt f demand.
D. It wants t keep its wn envirnment undamaged.
47. What des the authr say abut il trade？
A. It prves prfitable t bth sides.
B. It imprves ecnmic efficiency.
C. It makes fr ecnmic develpment.
D. It saves the cst f il explratin.
48. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
A. T justify America’s dependence n il imprts.
B. T aruse Americans’ awareness f the energy crisis.
C. T stress the imprtance f energy cnservatin.
D. T explain the increase f internatinal il trade.
13
（2023春·四川成都·高三树德中学校考开学考试）Success and Risk in Extreme Sprts
What is it that drives sme t take extreme risks, while the rest f us hurry fr the safety f the sidelines?
Lester Keller, sprts-psychlgy expert, says that nt everyne has the mental makeup t d well in extreme sprts. He ntes that mst f us hit a natural ceiling that limits ur appetite fr extreme risk in tricky cnditins. But thers have a much higher tlerance fr risk. Keller pints t a tp ski racer. He tld Keller that “the high element f risk makes yu feel alive, tests what yu are made f and hw far yu can take yurself”. He said he wuld get nervus n sme f the curses, but that this wuld just make him fight mre.
Psychlgists nte that sme peple seem t have a strng desire fr adrenaline (肾上腺素) rushes as a behavir seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Ck’s appetite fr risk appeared at a yung age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was ne f thse kids wh enjyed and did well at anything where yu were upside dwn.” As she started ding harder tricks, she was drawn t the challenge. “There are mments when yu’re up there ding a new trick and it seems like an impssible thing. But vercming that is just the clest feeling in the wrld.”
Shane Murphy, sprts prfessr, has wrked with grups climbing Everest. “T me, that just seems like the height f risk,” he said. “But t them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared fr years.” Murphy said the view f extreme athletes is different frm ur wn. “We lk at a risky situatin and knw that if we were in that situatin we wuld be ut f cntrl. But frm the athletes’ view, they have a lt f cntrl, and there are many things that they d t minimize risk.”
Anther aspect f risk perceptin (认知) may be smething referred t as “the flw”, a state in which many athletes becme absrbed in the acts that fcus the mind cmpletely n the present. “Smething that makes yu try ding a tugher climb than usual, perhaps, is that yur adrenaline flws and yu becme very cncentrated n what yu’re ding,” Murphy says. “After it’s ver, there’s great excitement.”
Peple f different skill levels experience the flw at different times. Sme may always be driven t adventures that thers cnsider extreme. “I can enjy hitting a tennis ball arund, because that’s my skill level,” Murphy says. “But thers might need the challenge f Olympic cmpetitin.”
49. By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller pints ut that ______.
A. extreme athletes must learn special skills
B. extreme athletes have chances t take risks
C. many peple dn’t want t d extreme sprts
D. many peple can’t limit desire fr extreme sprts
50. What des Shane Murphy think abut the muntain climbers he mentins?
A. They put in lts f preparatin fr challenges.
B. They are mre frtunate than ther sprtspeple.
C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges.
D. They have special reasns that thers can’t easily understand.
51. What main pint is made in Paragraph 5?
A. Extreme athletes use techniques ther peple dn’t use.
B. Nn-athletes are prbably wise nt t try extreme sprts.
C. Mst peple lack the fcus required t take bigger risks.
D. A certain state f mind makes attempting an activity mre likely.
52. We can learn frm the passage that ______.
A. risk-taking is smething yu either naturally d r avid
B. thse wh take risks are mre likely t be successful in life
C. extreme athletes are driven by a need t be better than thers
D. taking part in extreme sprts is nt as difficult as peple think
14
（2023秋·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考期末）I've been writing since befre I culd write. As a kid, I dictated stries t my parents.Abut 12 years ag,I was living in New Yrk City and pursuing a master in creative writing. Fr years I'd been suffering visin disrder,but in New Yrk my symptms wrsened. I became unable t read r write fr any cnsiderable length f time. I tried visin therapy(疗法），an verhead prjectr,a special pair f glasses-all in vain.
Eventually,I discvered a cmputer prgram fr the visually challenged. As I typed,my wrds were read alud by an autmated vice. With my screen dimmed t black,I relied entirely n audi feedback t knw what I had written.
Facing the blank page is wrrying,but facing the black page is wrse. The dark screen is a sinkhle that swallws creative hpe. Sentences disappear int it like an astrnaut int a black hle. I managed t cmplete my master degree, but it tk me years t adapt t my new reality. The greatest barrier seemed t be the autmated vice, which was like a rbt parrt n my shulder, and I wanted nthing mre than t drive it away. If a pianist were frced t practice n an untuned pian,wuld it crrupt his ear ver time?
Of curse,I culd have quit writing and stpped making myself suffer.But it hnestly never ccurred t me-and I'm glad it didn't. Last year, after I tld my stry n the radi,I was cntacted by VcaliD,a Massachusetts-based cmpany that created a vice mdeled n my wn.
The first time I heard the vice they created, it is s clse t my wn that the tw are nearly indistinguishable. I've nly just begun using this new vice. My hpe is that this will restre a sense f slitude(孤独） t my writing prcess,allwing me easier access t that inner space where the imaginatin can take ver, and I can frget myself, and the real wrk can begin.
The black screen still exists-it always will-but the rbt parrt has taken wing.
53. What happened t the authr when pursuing a master degree in New Yrk?
A. His sight started t fail due t much reading.
B. His eyes culdn't sustain lng hurs f reading.
C. He had t drp ut due t his visin disrder.
D. He successfully vercame his visin prblem.
54. What still bthered the authr after he gt his master degree?
A. The untuned autmated vice.
B. The pet parrt n his shulder.
C. The cmputer with a dark screen.
D. The nise frm a neighbring pianist.
55. Hw did the authr feel when first hearing the vice created by VcaliD?
A. Excited.B. Annyed.
C. Unmved.D. Relaxed.
56. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. The autmated vice is t annying t bear.
B. The authr can restre his sight t nrmal.
C. The authr starts t enjy his writing again.
D. It is likely that the technlgy will imprve.
15
（2023春·重庆江北·高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）D yu still remember the scene in the famus mvie Titanic, directed by Camern, where Jack was frzen t death in the icy cld water s that Rse culd survive n the flating dr alne? It brke many peple’s heart.
Tw decades later, peple are still asking the questin, “wasn’t there enugh rm n the dr fr bth f them?”
Camern nce respnded by saying it wasn’t a questin f rm, but buyancy—if bth f them had tried t stay n the raft, he argued, the whle thing wuld sink.
But several guys frm “Mythbusters”, an Australian-American science entertainment televisin prgram, decided t test the thery themselves. They discvered that if Rse had tk ff her life jacket t the bttm f the raft, there wuld have been enugh buyancy t keep bth f them aflat.
When they presented their findings t Camern, the directr insisted that Jack culdn’t be saved.
“The answer is very simple,” Camern said. “Because it says n page 147 f the script that Jack dies. T Camern, it was an artistic chice t have the belved character f millins, Jack drwn int the cld sea. Jack had t die because Camern thught it wuld be best if we did.
“It was an artistic chice, the thing was just big enugh t hld her, and nt big enugh t hld him,” Camern said. “I think it’s all kind f silly, really, that we’re having this discussin 20 years later. But it des shw that the film was effective in making Jack s endearing t the audience that it hurts them t see him die. The film is abut death and separatin; he had t die.”
Since Jack was dmed t die, Camern said, it culd have happened in a variety f different ways. It’s nt abut the dr nt being big enugh: that’s just a practical methd fr his death. “Whether it was that, r whether a chimney fell n him, he was ging dwn,” Camern said. “It’s called art: things happen fr artistic reasns, nt fr physics reasns.”
57. What d we knw abut the character Jack accrding t the text?
A. He intended t kill himself.B. He sacrificed himself t save Rse.
C. He didn’t have mney t buy ticket.D. He lacked basic knwledge f physics.
58. Accrding t Camern, why did the audience argue abut Jack’s death fr 20 years?
A. They are fragile peple.B. They dn’t like the mvie.
C. They lve the character Jack.D. They are crazy abut physics.
59. Why was a chimney mentined in the last paragraph?
A. T intrduce the structure f the ship.B. T shw the riginal plan f the mvie.
C. T present the missing part f the mvie.D. T explain the unchangeable fate f Jack.
60. What is best title f the text?
A. Jack in Titanic Must Die.B. Big Enugh fr Bth.
C. Camern is Wrng.D. Jack culd Survive.
16
（2023秋·广东深圳·高三深圳市高级中学校考期末）The ther day, I bught an expensive anti-aging cream that prmised t make my face lk several years yunger than ther wmen by fighting free radicals(自由基). It made me curius abut what free radicals are. Is the anti-aging cream the nly way I need t prtect myself?
“As a scientific term, free radicals are essentially unstable atms, ” says Arizna-based dctr, Natasha Bhuyan, M. D. “In medicine, they cause cells t break dwn ver time and are linked t aging. ”
A super simple chemistry review fr yu：Atms frm different elements are the building blcks that make up water, nitrgen and mre. Electrn(电子) are the negatively charged atms, and they like t be in pairs. When an electrn lses its partner, it creates a free radical, which is usually unstable and highly reactive. Free radicals typically g thrugh the bdy t seek ut a replacement fr their missing electrn, and that can result in damage t cells, prteins and DNA.
S hw d free radicals frm and why d they happen? Bhuyan says, “Scientifically, free radicals are unpaired electrns that are seeking a mate t bnd with. The thery behind free radicals is that they can lead t the imbalance between free radicals and antixidants(抗氧化剂). ” Anther mini-science lessn fr yu：Antixidants are natural r man-made matters that can help delay r prevent sme types f cell damage. They’re ften fund in fruits and vegetables.
A lt f the aspects f mdern life--ur diet, lifestyle and envirnmental factrs like pllutin, can cause xidative(氧化的) stress. Over time, xidative stress weakens cells and tissues and can leave yu mre easily expsed t certain health issues, including cancer. And, as beauty marketers are keenly aware, xidative stress can als speed up the aging prcess. Nw that yu knw free radicals can weak n yur health, yu’re prbably wndering if there are any ways t prevent them frm frming r at least t minimize their negative effects.
61. What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 1?
A. Explain the prcess f aging.B. State the frmatin f free radicals.
C. Intrduce the tpic f free radicals.D. Describe the harm f anti-aging cream.
62. Which f the fllwing d free radicals refer t?
A. Unpaired electrns.B. Steady atms.
C. Replacements f atms.D. Functins f electrns.
63. What can we learn abut antixidants frm the text?
A. They have never been fund in nature.
B. They d harm t cells prteins and DNA.
C. They can slw dwn the damage f sme cells.
D. They always keep balance with free radicals.
64. What will the authr prbably tell us next?
A. What exactly xidative stress is.B. Hw beauty marketers prmte sales.
C. Where a variety f diseases cme frm.D. Hw free radicals can be prevented.
17
（2023春·四川泸州·高三四川省泸县第一中学校考开学考试）In 1848 gld was fund in Califrnia. Thusands f peple rushed there t get sme. Many peple liked living there. But there wasn’t a whle lt between Califrnia (CA) and Missuri (MO), where the nearest trains ran. The train line t Califrnia wasn’t finished until 1869.
In I860 and 1861, the Pny Express was the fastest way t get news t and frm the West. The trail that they rde was arund 2000 miles lng. It tk mst peple weeks r mnths t ride that far. The Pny Express culd make the trip in just ten days. Thse speeds were unheard f at the time. S hw did they d it? Well, they had a gd system.
The Pny Express had 184 statins alng the trail. The statins were arund ten miles apart. This is abut hw far a hrse culd run at a gallp (疾驰) befre tiring. The rider wuld switch t a new hrse at each statin. He wuld nly take his mail puch (邮袋) with him. Every 75-100 miles, the rider wuld get t a hme statin. At each hme statin, riders wuld rest. The mail never stpped mving, even while the hrses and riders rested.
It was tugh t ride fr the Pny Express. Each rider had t weigh less than 125 punds. Speed was the key. Mst f the riders were teenage bys. They rde at a fast pace fr up t 100 miles a day. If there were an emergency, ne might have t ride 200 miles in a day.
The Pny Express filled an imprtant rle fr a time, but it did nt last. The Civil War started in April f 1861. On Octber 24th, 1861, the first telegraph line t Califrnia was finished. This linked them t the rest f the cuntry. Peple culd send messages in an instant. Tw days later the Pny Express clsed.
65. Which happened first?
A. The Pny Express was started.B. The American Civil War brke ut.
C. The train line t Califrnia was finished.D. Settlers rushed t Califrnia t find gld.
66. Hw lng did it take the Pny Express t send mail frm CA t MO?
A. Abut 24 hurs.B. Abut ten days.
C. Abut twenty days.D. Abut ne mnth.
67. What wuld a rider d at the hme statin?
A. Give his mail t a new rider.B. Rest a while and g n riding.
C. Cllect new mail fr custmers.D. Feed the hrse and check the mail.
68. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T prve cmmunicatin industry develps rapidly.
B. T explain why hrses were used t deliver mail.
C. T describe the I860 - 1861E Fastest Mail Service.
D. T tell the brave stries f the Pny Express.
参考答案
1
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于听到最喜爱的音乐会让人“皮肤兴奋”并产生寒意的相关研究，解释了这背后的原因以及对音乐有不同反应可以反应人的性格特点。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It's such a thing that a grup f scientists call “skin excitement”—a feeling f cld caused nt by a drp in temperature r sudden scare, but by the sense f beauty. “Skin excitement” can cme frm a sng, a painting, a mving mvie scene, r even a belved memry-pretty much anything that causes the giving ut f pleasure-saked dpamine in yur brain.(一组科学家称这种现象为“皮肤兴奋”——不是因为温度下降或突然的恐惧而产生的寒冷感觉，而是因为美好。“皮肤兴奋”可以来自一首歌、一幅画、一个感人的电影场景，甚至是一段心爱的回忆——几乎任何能让你大脑中充满愉悦的多巴胺释放出来的东西)”可知，“皮肤兴奋”在本文中是指人体对美好事物的一种反应。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a new study published in the jurnal Scial Cgnitive and Affective Neurscience, Harvard researchers perfrmed brain scans n 10 students wh said they reliably gt cld when listening t music, and 10 students wh didn't. They fund that the cld-prne brains may really be excited by strnger emtins.(在一项发表在《社会认知与情感神经科学》杂志上的新研究中，哈佛大学的研究人员对10名学生进行了脑部扫描，这些学生说他们在听音乐时确实感到寒冷，而另外10名学生没有。他们发现，容易发冷的大脑可能真的会被更强烈的情绪激发)”可知，这项新研究的成果主要是发现了容易发冷的大脑和不发冷大脑的区别。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Cld-prne brains are generally mre likely t shw strnger emtinal intelligence than n-cld brains. Cld-prne minds tend t have unusual active imaginatin, reflect mre deeply n their emtins, and appreciate nature and the beauty f music and art t a strnger degree than n-cld brains. (容易发冷的大脑通常比不感冒的大脑更有可能表现出更强的情商。与不发冷的大脑相比，容易发冷的大脑往往具有异常活跃的想象力，对情感的反思更深刻，对自然、音乐和艺术的欣赏程度更强)”可推断，大脑容易发冷的人情商较高，善解人意，且想象力丰富，对自然、音乐和艺术美的感觉是敏锐的。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When yu hear the beginning f yur favrite sng frm the radi, suddenly yur neck is cvered in gse bumps.(当你从收音机里听到你最喜欢的歌曲开始时，你的脖子突然起了鸡皮疙瘩)”结合文章主要介绍了一项关于听到最喜爱的音乐会让人“皮肤兴奋”并产生寒意的相关研究，解释了这背后的原因以及对音乐有不同反应可以反应人的性格特点。故D选项“最喜欢的音乐会让你起鸡皮疙瘩”最符合文章标题。故选D。
2
5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都在增加等情况。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The treeline is the edge f an ecsystem where trees are able t grw, and beynd the treeline envirnmental cnditins becme t tugh t allw tree grwth. Meanwhile, snwlines are the bundaries n muntains that separate areas with permanent snw (where snw is present fr the majrity f the year) frm areas with seasnal r n snw.(树木生长线是树木能够生长的生态系统的边缘，在树木生长线之外的环境条件过于艰难，无法让树木生长。同时，雪线是山上的边界，将长期降雪的地区（全年大部分时间有降雪）与季节性或无降雪地区分开)”可推知，本段介绍了林木线以及雪线，并分别进行了解释，因此是通过做解释展开第三段内容的。故选A。
6. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“In additin, the snwline seems t be”以及后文“while the treeline is expanding(树木生长线正在扩大)”可知，这里的while表示对比，因此说明前面的雪线正在后退。故画线词意思是“后退”。A. Disappearing.消失；B. Lengthening.加长；C. Withdrawing.后退；D. Widening.变宽。故选C。
7. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In the past 40 years, 25% f all Himalayan ice has been lst due t glbal warming. Himalayan glaciers are reducing by abut 0.5 meters each year. The rate f glacier melting has dubled in this decade.(在过去的40年里，由于全球变暖，25%的喜马拉雅冰川已经消失。 喜马拉雅冰川每年减少约0.5米。 冰川融化的速度在这十年里翻了一番)”可知，气候变暖直接导致喜马拉雅山冰川融化加快。故选B。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Researchers used satellite data frm 1993 t 2018 t measure plant cver between 4,150 meters and 6,000 meters abve sea level. The scientists discvered that the greatest increase in plant cver was between an altitude f 5,000 meters and 5,500 meters.(研究人员利用1993年至2018年的卫星数据，测量了海拔4150米至6000米之间的植物覆盖面积。科学家们发现，海拔5000米到5500米之间的植被覆盖增加最多)”结合文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都在增加等情况。故D选项“植物在喜马拉雅山蔓延”最适合作本文标题。故选D。
3
9. C 10. C 11. D 12. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化成狗过程和原因。
9. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A tiny prprtin f the genme differentiates dgs frm wlves, and yet millins f dgs are cmfrtably curled up in ur hmes, while wlves mve arund at the edge f extinctin.(狗和狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”以及第三段中“Dgs, in fact, did nt descend frm wlves. Instead, dgs and wlves shared a wlflike ancestr. (事实上，狗并不是狼的后代。相反，狗和狼有着共同的类狼祖先)”可推知，从前三段可以总结出狼和狗是近亲，但狗似乎是赢家。故选C。
10. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“we prbably created mre rubbish, which we then dumped utside ur camps.”可知，冰河时代，人类开始在同一个地方制造了更多的垃圾，然后把垃圾倒在营地外面，说明人类越来越多地选择住在同一个地方，垃圾才能堆积起来。画线词意思是“住在同一个地方”。故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“After generatins f selectin fr friendliness withut intentinal selectin by humans, this special ppulatin f wlves wuld have begun t take n a different appearance.(经过几代人的友好选择，而不是人类的有意选择，这一特殊的狼群种群将开始呈现不同的外观)”以及最后一段中“We did nt dmesticate dgs. The friendliest wlves dmesticated themselves. (我们没有驯养狗。最友善的狼驯化了自己)”可推知，作者从狗和狼的历史中得出的结论是：作为一种品质的友善可以转化为一种进化策略。故选D。
12. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans are nt the nly nes wh underwent self-dmesticatin. S did ur clse relatives, the bnbs, and the species we call ur best friend. A tiny prprtin f the genme differentiates dgs frm wlves, and yet millins f dgs are cmfrtably curled up in ur hmes, while wlves mve arund at the edge f extinctin.(人类并不是唯一进行自我驯化的物种。还有我们的近亲倭黑猩猩，以及我们最好的朋友。狗和狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”结合文章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化成狗过程和原因。可知，A选项“从狼到狗”最符合文章标题。故选A。
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13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巧克力能有效防止蛀牙的原理。
13. 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句“Remember when yur mm tld yu nt t eat t many candy bars r sweets because they can cause tth decay (蛀牙)?( 还记得你妈妈告诉你不要吃太多的糖块或糖果，因为它们会蛀牙吗？)”及第三句“Recent studies shw that chclate can effectively fight against tth decay, as if we need anther excuse t eat chclate.(最近的研究表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀牙，就好像我们需要另一个吃巧克力的借口一样)”可知，巧克力对牙齿的保护作用主要归因于其本身含有的复合物，这就如同很多家庭使用的牙膏中所含有的护齿成分。由此推知，划线词salutary为“有益的”之意。故选A。
14. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“The CBH cmpund in particular als wrks t strengthen tth enamel (牙釉质), and prtects against tth decay.(尤其是CBH化合物还可以加强牙釉质，防止蛀牙)”可推断，巧克力含有的一种复合物甚至比牙膏中的氟化物的护齿效果要好。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句“The cmpunds in chclate, hwever, are anti-bacteria and can fight against bacteria in yur muth.(然而，巧克力中的化合物是抗菌的，可以对抗口腔中的细菌)”可知，巧克力对抗蛀牙的原理主要是其含有的复合物能够对抗口腔中的细菌。故选D。
16. 主旨大意题。根据全文，特别是文章第一段“Recent studies shw that chclate can effectively fight against tth decay, as if we need anther excuse t eat chclate.(最近的研究表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀牙，就好像我们需要另一个吃巧克力的借口一样)”及最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了巧克力有效防止蛀牙的原理，文中并未提到巧克力可代替牙膏等观点。故选B。
5
17. C 18. D 19. A 20. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了沙特阿拉伯希望用“The Line”来彻底改变城市生活——一个围绕自然而设计，没有汽车和道路的城市。
17. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Nw, Saudi Arabia hpes t revlutinize urban living with “The Line”—a city designed arund nature, withut cars and rads! (现在，沙特阿拉伯希望用“The Line”来彻底改变城市生活——一个围绕自然而设计，没有汽车和道路的城市！)”可推知，“The Line”将会是环保的。故选C。
18. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The plan aims t diversify Saudi Arabia’s il-dependent ecnmy int ther sectrs, like turism, and create exciting jb pprtunities fr its citizens. (该计划旨在使沙特依赖石油的经济多元化，进入其他领域，如旅游业，并为其公民创造令人兴奋的就业机会)”可知，这条线意味着产生多样化的经济部门。故选D。
19. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The secnd “service layer”, will include all essential daily services, such as schls, leisure facilities and grcery stres. (第二个“服务层”，将包括所有基本的日常服务，如学校、休闲设施和杂货店)”可推知，第二层有医疗诊所。故选A。
20. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Nw, Saudi Arabia hpes t revlutinize urban living with “The Line”— a city designed arund nature, withut cars and rads! (现在，沙特阿拉伯希望用“The Line”来彻底改变城市生活——一个围绕自然而设计，没有汽车和道路的城市！)”可知，D项：Saudi Arabia Annunces “The Line”— A Lw Carbn City Withut Cars(沙特阿拉伯宣布“The Line”——一条无车低碳城市路线)符合题意。故选D。
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21. C 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一家餐厅在未经顾客同意的情况下，把顾客吃饭的视频通过直播的形式传播到不同的网络平台，这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私和肖像权的辩论。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“After finding ut what the restaurant was ding, the family shwed their bjectin, but the restaurant ignred it and insisted that they had the right t d it. Mrever, they tried t silence the family, saying that their behavir was damaging the restaurant's image.This event has caused a debate n the vilatin f privacy and prtrait rights by webcasts.(在发现餐厅的所作所为后，这家人表达了他们的反对意见，但餐厅对此置之不理，坚持认为他们有权这么做。此外，他们还试图让这家人闭嘴，说他们的行为损害了餐厅的形象。这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论)”可知，本文主要讲述了关于网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论。选项C. The restaurant ignred the bjectin and insisted they had the right t d it.(餐厅无视反对意见，坚持认为他们有权这么做)正是人们辩论的话题，符合文意。故选C。
22. 词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“It desn't bther sme peple when their images are uncnsciusly recrded by cameras and shwn thrugh live streams n different nline platfrms.(当一些人的照片被相机无意识地记录下来，并在不同的网络平台上直播时，这并不会让他们感到困扰)”及“In that way, the restaurant can have mre public expsure and thus attract mre custmers, which is their purpse f webcasting.(这样，餐厅可以有更多的公众曝光率，从而吸引更多的顾客，这就是他们网播的目的)”可推知，此处that指代的就是“通过直播形式把记录的东西上传到网络”，选项C.“Custmers are shwn thrugh live streams nline.(顾客被通过网络直播出现在网络上)”与文意相符。故选C。
23. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thus, frm a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their custmers fr cmmercial reasns, they have vilated custmers prtrait rights.(因此，从法律的角度来看，如果企业出于商业原因对客户进行网络直播，就侵犯了顾客的肖像权)”可知，企业未经客户许可，出于商业目的，对顾客进行网络直播就侵犯了客户的肖像权。选项D.“Businesses webcast custmers behaving in a relaxed way withut infrming them.(企业在没有通知顾客的情况下，通过网络直播他们放松的行为)”会侵犯顾客的隐私权和肖像权。故选D。
24. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“After finding ut what the restaurant was ding, the family shwed their bjectin, but the restaurant ignred it and insisted that they had the right t d it. Mrever, they tried t silence the family, saying that their behavir was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate n the vilatin f privacy and prtrait rights by webcasts.(在发现餐厅的所作所为后，这家人表达了他们的反对意见，但餐厅对此置之不理，坚持认为他们有权这么做。此外，他们还试图让这家人闭嘴，说他们的行为损害了餐厅的形象。这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论)”可知，本文主要讲述了餐厅上传顾客吃饭的视频到网络上的事件引发了人们关于网路直播侵犯隐私和肖像权的辩论。由此可知，A debate n whether webcasts vilate privacy and prtrait rights(一场关于网络直播是否侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论)适合做本文最佳标题。故选D。
25. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Webcasting smene withut his r her cnsent amunts t a vilatin f prtrait rights, which is getting increasingly cmmn these days as cellphne webcasting is grwing in ppularity fr technical cnvenience, Hwever, public awareness f privacy prtectin is still falling behind. Mre shuld be dne t make sure webcasting is develping sustainably, withut vilating peple's legal rights.(在未经他人同意的情况下，网络直播他人相当于侵犯肖像权，随着手机网播技术的普及，这种现象越来越普遍，然而，公众对隐私保护的意识仍然落后。应该采取更多措施，确保网络直播的可持续发展，同时不侵犯人们的合法权利)”可知，作者在此处是客观地评价了网络直播应该所持有的原则，未曾阐述自己对网络直播的观点和态度。故选A。
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26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，从小被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症的科里在妈妈的爱护下坐轮椅游览了七大洲，他决定在博客上分享他的旅行知识，帮助其他残疾旅行者像他一样探索世界。
26. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Sandy tk him n rad trips during summer breaks thrughut his childhd. The exciting experiences f explring new places inspired him t set a lifelng gal f visiting all seven cntinents.”（桑迪（妈妈）在他童年的暑假里带他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激动人心的经历激励他树立了一个终生的目标：游览所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年时，妈妈带他去公路旅行的经历让他下定决心访问所有七大洲。故选B项。
27. 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Accrding t Cry, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range f planning and research. He starts his research six t twelve mnths befre each trip, making sure that there are accessible transprtatin ptins in the lcatin.”（科里认为，坐轮椅旅行需要进行广泛的规划和研究。他在每次旅行前的六到十二个月开始他的研究，确保在这个地方有方便的交通选择。），可知科里因为身体原因要坐轮椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有没有方便的交通选择，可得出科里旅行时最担心的是交通问题。故选D项。
28. 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Aiming t prmte representatin f the wheelchair-using cmmunity, Cry and his mther wrte a children's bk, titled Let's Explre with Cr Cr, which is abut a by wh travels arund the wrld in his pwered wheelchair.”（为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，科里和他的母亲写了一本儿童读物，名为《让我们和Cr Cr一起探索》，这本书讲述了一个男孩坐着电动轮椅环游世界的故事。），可知是为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，即为了帮助有特殊需要的人（坐轮椅的人），科里和他妈妈才写书分享经历的。故选C项。
29. 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Cry, aged 30, was diagnsed with spinal muscular atrphy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very yung age. Because f his cnditin, he began using a wheelchair at age 4.”（科里今年30岁，在很小的时候就被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症。因为他的身体状况，他从4岁开始使用轮椅。），第二段中的“He became the first-ever wheelchair user t visit all the seven cntinents!”（他成为有史以来第一个访问所有七大洲的轮椅使用者！）和最后一段“Traveling t all seven cntinents wasn't smething I was sure was ging t be pssible," he said. "But if yu stay determined and keep a psitive attitude, the pprtunities are limitless."”（他说：“去所有七大洲旅行并不是我能确定的事。”但如果你保持坚定和积极的态度，机会是无限的。”），可知科里从小坐轮椅，但因为保持着坚定和积极的态度，他才能完成游览所有七大洲的目标，可得出即使残疾，坚定的心也能帮助人们实现梦想，所以没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心。故选A项。
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30. C 31. B 32. B 33. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效管理，成就现代智慧城市。
30. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But technlgy alne is nt sufficient t make tday's cities livable. Bstn has discvered that it als needs t reach the ld-fashined lw-tech cmmunity and integrate that technlgy with city life.”但是，仅仅依靠技术还不足以使今天的城市适合居住。波士顿发现，它还需要接触到传统的低智能化社区，并将这种技术与城市生活结合起来。本段主要讲述了波士顿力争成为智慧城市，使用高科技更充分地回应市民的需求，同时，城市也注重加强传统低智能化社区科技与生活的融合。所以第一段主要是关于城市的管理。故选C。
31. 推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“The cmplaints frm the App didn’t always crrelate with the greatest cmmunity need fr repairs, explains Garter.”嘉德解释说，来自应用程序的投诉并不总是与最大的社区维修需求相关。根据第四段“Carter's grup has mved away frm the mdel cmmn t many smart city initiatives f letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the prcess. Instead, they run meetings t find ut what prblems peple in different neighbrhds care abut slving”可知，卡特的团队已经摆脱了许多智能城市倡议的共同模式，即让精通技术的居民来推动这一进程。相反，他们召开会议，找出不同社区的人关心解决的问题。克里斯卡特的团队在执行他们的计划时遇到的问题是不能为所有市民很好地服务，故选B。
32. 推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“We're really always lking fr whatever ever mix f appraches best slves the prblem.”我们一直在寻找各种方法的最佳组合来解决问题可知，Carter想要寻找高科技技术与传统方法融合的方式来满足城市管理的需要，故选B。
33. 主旨大意类。文章主要介绍了波士顿在提高城市智能程度的过程中，既充分利用高科技，又充分使用传统方法，以满足所有市民的需要，它是一座不仅仅以高科技来成就的智慧城市，所以短文的最佳标题为“ 智能城市：不仅仅靠技术”。故选A。
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34. B 35. B 36. D
【解析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了三个出版社接受文章的标准，出版社网址以及一些特殊要求和提示。
34. 推理判断题。通过文章第一段“T increase yur chances f landing an assignment fr a travel guidebk, yu need t find ut what the publishers are lking fr. Here are links t their submissin guidelines with a few special requirements and tips. （为了增加你得到编写旅行指南工作的机会，你需要明白出版商想要的是什么。以下是他们网站的链接，其中有一些特殊要求和提示。）”可以推知，本篇文章主要是通过介绍一些出版社，为作家提供机会。故选B项。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章“Wrkman”部分的小贴士“If they dn't accept yur article, yu might be lucky enugh t get feedback abut why. （如果他们不接受你的文章，你可能会很幸运地得到关于原因的反馈。）”可知 BWrkman. 可以就如何改进文章提供建议。故选B项。
36. 推理判断题。通过文章“Fnr's”部分“D remember t attach a cpy f ne f yur ther wrks when cntributing. （请记住在投稿时附上您的其他作品的副本。）”和“Wrkman”部分“A chapter f yur ther bks is als required. （你的其他书籍的一章也是必需的。）”以及“Lnely Planet”部分“At that page yu'll find a frm asking fr a resume（简历）and links t yur ther writing.( 在那一页，你会看到一张要求提供简历和你其他作品的链接的表格。)”可以推知，所有公司都要求作者有作品，即有写作经验。故选D项。
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37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位八岁的男孩 Simn Cane为环保做出的实际行动——和爸爸一起跑去上学。
37. 细节理解题。根据第一段“When Simn Cane was in the secnd grade, he began learning abut all the ways humans have an impact n the envirnment and really tk thse classrm lessns t heart in a way that set him apart frm his schlmates at his elementary schl, P. S. 81, in the Brnx.（当Simn Cane上二年级的时候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，并真正把课堂上所学的内容牢记在心，在某种程度上这使他与布朗克斯的第81公立小学的同学们区别开来。）”以及“S Simn cnvinced his parents t start hanging their clthes t dry, taking the stairs instead f elevatrs, and ther “green” measures.（所以，西蒙说服他的父母把衣服挂起来晾干，不坐电梯而走楼梯，以及采取其他“绿色”措施。）”可知，当Simn Cane上二年级的时候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，把那些课堂上所学的内容铭记于心，并且采取“绿色”措施保护环境，这使得他跟他的同学不同。故选D项。
38. 推理判断题。根据第二段“As Simn gt bigger, thugh, it wasn’t practical fr him t ride n his father’s back, but it als didn’t make sense t ride tgether — bth because f safety cncerns and because there was n place t put away Simn’s bike. S, mst f the time they drve the 1. 5 miles t schl. （然而，随着西蒙长大，骑在他爸爸自行车的后座，对他来说并不现实，但一起骑车也没有意义——既是出于安全考虑，也是因为没有地方放西蒙的自行车。所以大多数时候他们都开车1.5英里到学校。）”以及第三段“But in 2019, when Simn was ging int third grade, the 8-year-ld came up with a new way t help the planet: running the 1. 5 miles t P. S. 81. （但是在2019年，那时候8岁的西蒙上三年级，他提出了一个帮助地球的新方法:跑步1.5英里去布朗克斯第81公立小学。）”可推知，二年级时 Simn Cane主要是坐车去上学。故选A项。
39. 推理判断题。根据第四段“‘T be hnest, I thught he’d blink (眨眼)after it gt really cld r rainy, but he never did,’ Jnathan said. （说实话，我以为天冷了或下雨了他就会犹豫一下，但他从来没有。）”可知，Simn Cane比预料的要坚强。故选C项。
40. 主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其是根据第一段“When Simn Cane was in the secnd grade, he began learning abut all the ways humans have an impact n the envirnment and really tk thse classrm lessns t heart（当西蒙·凯恩上二年级的时候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，并真正把课堂上学的内容牢记在心。）”以及最后一段“Since the start, Simn has run with his dad and their black dg, Lla, and has even inspired his mm, Nicle Sin Quee, t jin in. They sn became knwn as “the family that runs t schl.”（ 从一开始，西蒙就和他的爸爸和他们的黑狗萝拉一起跑步，甚至还激励了他的妈妈 (Nicle Sin Quee)也加入进来。他们很快就被称为“跑去上学的家庭”。）”可知，本文主要讲述八岁的男孩 Simn Cane很重视环保，并且为环保做出的实际行动——和爸爸一起跑步去上学。故选B项。
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41. B 42. D 43. B 44. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过一些明星的案例说明一些名人面临的一个难题是如何平衡隐私和知名度的需要。
41. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“The tw internatinal idls had divrced their previus spuses （配偶）and were cncerned abut hw they wuld be greeted.”（这两位国际偶像已经与前任离婚，他们很担心自己会受到怎样的欢迎。）可知，他们在去欧洲之前担心他们不会受到欢迎。故选B。
42. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句““Dug, I’m sick f this. Let’s g back t ne f thse cuntries where they mb us.””（道格，我受够了。让我们回到那些人们把我们团团围住的国家去吧。）可推知，她真的不太喜欢隐私。故选D。
43. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“That was wnderful. Let’s d it again!”（这是美妙的。让我们再来一次!）可推知，琼·克劳馥(Jan Crawfrd)认为自己在纽约被团团围住是一种享受。故选B。
44. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“One dilemma that the super famus face is balancing the needs f privacy and recgnitin.”（超级名人面临的一个难题是如何平衡隐私和知名度的需要。）以及下文两个例子可知，文章主要是为了展示电影明星既需要隐私也需要公众关注。故选C。
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45. A 46. D 47. B 48. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。每个国家都想实现能源独立，美国也不例外，但是美国的能源却严重依赖进口，本文就分析了美国这样做的原因。
45. 细节理解题。由第一段“because energy independence has been the dream f American president fr decades，”（能源独立是美国总统几十年来的梦想），可知，美国能源独立听起来很有吸引力。故选A项。
46. 细节理解题。由第五段中的“Secnd，Americans have basically decided that they dn't really want t prduce all their wn il. They value the envirnmental quality they preserve ver their il imprts frm abrad. Vast areas f the United States are ff-limits t il explratin and prductin in the name f envirnmental prtectin. ”（第二，美国人基本上已经决定，他们并不真的想生产所有自己的石油。相比从国外进口石油，美国人更看重环境质量。美国广大地区以环境保护的名义禁止石油勘探和生产），可知美国严重依赖石油进口，是因为美国希望自己的环境不受损害。故选D项。
47. 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Third，there are benefits t trade. It allws fr ecnmic efficiency，and when we buy things frm places that have lwer prductin csts than we d，we benefit. ”（第三，石油贸易也有好处。它考虑到了经济效益，当我们从生产成本比我们低的地方买东西时，我们就会受益。），可知石油贸易提高了经济效益。故选B项。
48. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But there are reasns that we buy all that ld frm elsewhere. ”（但我们从其他地方购买石油是有原因的）以及第四、五、六段的首句可知，文章分析了美国进口石油的三个原因，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是想证明美国对石油进口的依赖是合理的。故选A项。
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49. C 50. A 51. D 52. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极限运动的成功与风险。
49. 推理判断题。分析文章第二段第二句“He ntes that mst f us hit a natural ceiling that limits ur appetite fr extreme risk in tricky cnditins.”（他指出，我们中的大多数人达到了一个自然的上限，这个（自然上限）限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望。）可知，这里含有一个定语从句，先行词为a natural ceiling，定语从句对a natural ceiling进行修饰，“限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望”说明许多人不想做极限运动。故选C项。
50. 细节理解题。根据第四段开头提到的“grups climbing Everest”（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的团体）和第二句“T me, that just seems like the height f risk,” he said. “But t them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared fr years.”（“在我看来，这似乎是最大的风险，”他说。“但对他们来说，这是他们准备多年的一项活动的下一步。”）可知，登山者为挑战做了大量的准备。故选A项。
51. 主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Anther aspect f risk perceptin (认知) may be smething referred t as “the flw”, a state in which many athletes becme absrbed in the acts that fcus the mind cmpletely n the present.”（ 风险认知的另一个方面可能是被称之为“心流”的东西 ，在这种状态下，许多运动员全神贯注于将精力完全集中在当下的行为。）以及后面的进一步解释可知，本段要点就是“the flw”这种特定的精神状态会使你更有可能去尝试一项活动。故选D项。
52. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Peple f different skill levels experience the flw at different times. Sme may always be driven t adventures that thers cnsider extreme.”（不同技能水平的人在不同的时间体验这种流动。一些人可能总是被驱使去冒险，而另一些人则认为是极端的。）以及后文所举的事例可知，不同的技能水平的人有自己不同的选择，所以冒险是你可以选择做或选择避免的事情。故选A项。
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53. B 54. A 55. A 56. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了受到视觉障碍的作者在追求写作梦想道路上与视觉障碍搏斗的过程，以及期间作者所寻找的解决方法。
53. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I became unable t read r write fr any cnsiderable length f time. （我变得无法长时间读写。）”可知，作者因为视觉障碍而无法长时间地专注写作或阅读。故选B。
54. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “The greatest barrier seemed t be the autmated vice, which was like a rbt parrt n my shulder, and I wanted nthing mre than t drive it away. （最大的障碍似乎是自动语音声，它就像一只机器鹦鹉搭在我肩上，我只想把它赶走。）”可知，困扰作者最多的就是自动语音声。故选A。
55. 推理判断题。根据第五段“The first time I heard the vice they created, it is s clse t my wn that the tw are nearly indistinguishable.”和“My hpe is that this will restre a sense f slitude(孤独） t my writing prcess, allwing me easier access t that inner space where the imaginatin can take ver, and I can frget myself, and the real wrk can begin.（我希望这能在我的写作过程中恢复一种孤独感，让我更容易进入内心的空间，在那里想象力可以占据主导，我可以忘记自己，真正的工作可以开始。）”可知， 当作者第一次听见VcaliD制作的声音时，发现它与作者自己的声音十分相像，几乎无法辨别出来。加之作者对其寄予的希望，都可以看出当作者听见VcaliD制作的声音时心中的激动与喜悦。故选A。
56. 推理判断题。通过最后一段“The black screen still exists-it always will-but the rbt parrt has taken wing.（黑幕依然存在——它永远都会存在，但机器鹦鹉已经展翅飞翔。）”及倒数第二段我们可知，作者可能长时间无法摆脱视觉障碍的困扰，但是当有了新的设备后，作者不再受到自动语音的干扰，而是拥有了新的、通向内在自我与想象的写作可能，能够重新享受独自的写作过程。故选C。
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57. B 58. C 59. D 60. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack因为救Rse而死，但是二十年后人们仍在纠结Jack是否真的非死不可的问题，甚至有人专门进行了试验并把结果提交给电影导演卡梅隆。对此，卡梅隆的看法是杰克非死不可，并给出了理由。
57. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“D yu still remember the scene in the famus mvie Titanic, directed by Camern, where Jack was frzen t death in the icy cld water s that Rse culd survive n the flating dr alne?”可知你还记得卡梅隆执导的著名电影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack被冻死在冰冷的水中，而Rse独自靠漂浮的门生存下来的场景吗？由此可知，Jack这个角色为了救Rse而牺牲了自己。故选B。
58. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But it des shw that the film was effective in making Jack s endearing t the audience that it hurts them t see him die.”可知但它确实表明，这部电影有效地把Jack塑造得如此受观众喜爱，以至于看到他死去会让他们感到心痛。由此可知，根据卡梅隆的说法，观众们为Jack的死争论了20年是因为他们喜欢Jack这个角色。故选C。
59. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Since Jack was dmed t die, Camern said, it culd have happened in a variety f different ways. It’s nt abut the dr nt being big enugh: that’s just a practical methd fr his death. ‘Whether it was that, r whether a chimney fell n him, he was ging dwn,’ Camern said.”可知卡梅隆说，既然Jack注定要死，那就有可能以各种不同的方式死去。这不是门不够大的问题：那只是他的一种死亡方式。“不管是这样，还是烟囱掉在他身上，他都要死，”卡梅隆说。由此可推知，最后一段提到烟囱是为了解释Jack无法改变的命运。故选D。
60. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“When they presented their findings t Camern, the directr insisted that Jack culdn’t be saved.(当他们把调查结果提交给卡梅隆时，导演坚持认为Jack必须死)”结合文章主要说明了电影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack因为救Rse而死，但是二十年后人们仍在纠结Jack是否真的非死不可的问题，甚至有人专门进行了试验并把结果提交给电影导演卡梅隆。对此，卡梅隆的看法是杰克非死不可，并给出了理由。由此可知，A选项“泰坦尼克号上的Jack必须死”最符合文章标题。故选A。
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61. C 62. A 63. C 64. D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以作者购买抗衰老的面霜来抵抗自由基给脸部留下岁月的痕迹的事情为开头，介绍了自由基是怎样形成的和自由基是怎样影响人的身体的。
61. 推理判断题。根据第一段The ther day, I bught an expensive anti-aging cream that prmised t make my face lk several years yunger that ther wmen by fighting free radicals. It made me curius abut what free radicals ares. Is the anti-aging cream the nly way I need t prtect myself?可知，前几天，我买了一款昂贵的抗衰老面霜，据说它能对抗自由基，让我的脸看起来比其他女性年轻好几岁。这让我好奇什么是自由基。抗衰老面霜是我唯一需要保护自己的方法吗？由此可推知，作者第一段讲述了她买了一个抗衰老的面霜来抵抗自由基给脸部留下岁月的痕迹的事，从而引出自由基的话题。故选C。
62. 细节理解题。根据第三段中Electrns (电子) are the negatively charged atms, and they like t be in pairs.可知，电子是带负电荷的原子，它们喜欢成对出现。以及第四段中Bhuyan says, “Scientifically, free radicals are unpaired electrns that are seeking a mate t bnd with.可知Bhuyan说：“从科学上讲，自由基是寻找配偶的未配对电子。”由此可知，自由基指的是不成对的电子。故选A。
63. 细节理解题。根据第四段中Anther mini-science lessn fr yu: Antixidants are natural r man made matters that can help delay r prevent sme types f cell damage.可知，另一个小科学课：抗氧化剂是天然或人造物质，可以帮助延缓或防止某些类型的细胞损伤。由此可知，抗氧化剂可以减缓一些细胞的损伤。故选C。
64. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Nw that yur knw free radicals can weak n yur health, yu’re prbably wndering if there are any ways t prevent them frm frming r at least t minimize their negative effects.可知，既然你知道了自由基会损害你的健康，你可能想知道是否有办法阻止它们的形成，或者至少把它们的负面影响降到最低。由此可推知，作者接下来可能会围绕“自由基的形成是否能被阻止”展开。故选D。
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65. D 66. B 67. A 68. C
【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了19世纪60年代，美国加州和密苏里州之间的驿马快信的制度。
65. 细节理解题。根据第一、二以及最后一段，加州发现金矿是在1848年，大量的人们涌向那里淘金；驿马快信的制度是在1860年才开始的；美国内战发生在1861，加州和密苏里州之间铁路的铁路于1869年完成。由此可知，移民们涌向加利福尼亚寻找黄金是最先发生的。故选D。
66. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Pny Express culd make the trip in just ten days.”可知，美国加州和密苏里州之间的通讯10天之内可以完成。故选B。
67. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The mail never stpped mving, even while the hrses and riders rested.”信息可知，即使在马匹和骑手休息的时候，邮件也从未停止运送，由此推知，骑手是在休息站将邮件交给了另一个骑手。故选A。
68. 推理判断题。The Pny Express culd make the trip in just ten days. Thse speeds were unheard f at the time. S hw did they d it? Well, they had a gd system.（驿马快信可以在10天内完成这趟旅程。这种速度在当时是闻所未闻的。那么他们是怎么做到的呢?他们有一个很好的系统。）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知作者写这篇文章的目的是描述I860年到1861年，驿马快信的邮件服务。故选C。张冠李戴
把作者的观点与其他人的观点混在一起
无中生有
符合常识, 但不是文章的内容
曲解文意
利用原文的内容进行设计, 借题发挥, 曲解原文意思
扩缩范围
通过改变或去掉文章中的限制性词语, 将信息改变, 造成干扰
肯定
psitive积极乐观的；ptimistic乐观的；supprtive支持的；hpeful有希望的；prmising有前途的；favurable赞许的
否定
negative否定的，消极的；disapprving 不赞成的；critical 批评的；unfavurable不赞同的
怀疑
suspicius可疑的，怀疑的；dubtful可疑的
客观
bjective客观的；neutral中立的；skeptical怀疑的