译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT1预习新知早知道1学案

这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT1预习新知早知道1学案，共7页。
Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配(　　)1.critical　 A．adj. 轻微的，次要的(　　)2.release B．adj. 正确无误的；精确的(　　)3.extend C．vt.& vi. (使)窒息；(使)哽 咽，(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来(　　)4.minor D．vt.&vi. 侦查，调查，研究(　　)5.choke E．adj. 事实的，真实的(　　)6.factual F．vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥(　　)7.investigate G．n. 好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品(　　)8.contradict H．adj.批评的，批判性的； 关键的；危急的(　　)9.accurate I．vi.& vt. 延伸(距离)；扩大；延长；伸展(　　)10.curiosity J．vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄 n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏[答案]　1－5　HJIAC　6－10　EDFBGB．短语匹配(　　)1.put out 　 A．(战争、疾病、火灾等的)突然发生(　　)2.break out B．例如，比如(　　)3.dozens of C．(铃、爆竹等)响；爆炸；离开； (食物等)变质；变差；不再喜欢(　　)4.go off D．总结，概括(　　)5.rely on E．发生(　　)6.come about F．很多，许多(　　)7.for instance G．揭露，披露(　　)8.bring sth.to light H．熄灭；扑灭(　　)9.sum up I．致力于(　　)10.be committed to J．依靠，依赖[答案]　1－5　HAFCJ　6－10　EBGDIⅡ.默写单词1．trap vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住 n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼2．construction n. 建筑，建造；建造物3．bath n. 洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆4．scream vi.& vt. 尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音5．bark vi. (狗)吠叫 vt.厉声发令 n．(狗)吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮6．cigarette n. 香烟7．carpet n. 地毯；覆盖地面的一层厚东西8．differ vi. 相异；意见相左9．conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成10．false adj. 错误的，不真实的；非天生的；假的，伪造的；不真诚的Ⅰ.语境填空bath；ambulance；trap；factual；critical；automatic；false；minimum；release；journalist1．A critical approach to something involves examining and judging it carefully.2．An automatic machine is one which has controls that enable it to perform a task without needing to be constantly operated by a person.3．If something is false, it is incorrect, untrue, or mistaken.4．You use minimum to describe an amount which is the smallest that is possible, allowed or required.5．When you have or take a bath, you sit or lie in a container filled with water in order to wash your body.6．An ambulance is a vehicle for taking people to and from hospital.7．A trap is an unpleasant situation that you cannot easily escape from.8．Something that is factual is concerned with facts or contains facts, rather than giving theories.9．If you release someone or something, you stop holding them.10．A journalist is a person whose job is to collect news and write about it for newspapers, magazines, television, or radio.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．When you come to a conclusion(conclude), you decide that something is true after you have thought about it carefully.2．From my point of view, curiosity(curious) is a desire to know about something.3．Construction (construct) is the building of things such as houses, factories, roads, and bridges.4．Discrimination(discriminate) is the ability to recognize and understand the differences between two things.5．If you make a commitment (commit) to do something, you promise that you will do it.课文助读[1]句子主干是The fire spread..., which引导定语从句，修饰the fire, leaving词块作结果状语。[2]句子主干是Fears grew...，that引导同位语从句但不作成分，从句解释fears的内容，according to词块作状语，其中released词块是非谓语动词作定语，修饰figures。[3]get...under control控制住(也可以使用bring或keep代替get)[4]句子主体是there be 句型， 第一个that引导同位语从句，解释concern的内容，that不作成分；第二个that引导定语从句that built the tower block, 修饰company，that作主语。follow...rules遵守……规则(也可以使用obey, observe或keep代替follow)[5]be about to do sth.when...正要做某事，这时(突然)……。when引导时间状语从句，但不能用while，as等代替，也不可以置于主句之前。[6]句子主干是Mr Peterson confirms...，head of the fire service是同位语，句中两个that都引导宾语从句，第一个that可省略，第二个不可省略。go off响起，触发[7]句子主干是形式主语句型It is advisable to remember，真正主语是不定式to remember。that引导宾语从句，which引导定语从句，how引导influence的宾语从句。[8]take...as an example 以……为例(来说明)[9]句子主干是they may contradict each other, even if引导让步状语从句，as引导原因状语从句。[10]come across偶然遇到；碰到[11]rush to the conclusion急于下结论[12]句子主干是News reports could contain...，written at...是过去分词短语作定语修饰reports, as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……”。[13]句子主干是形式主语句型，真正主语是不定式to read...，written from...是过去分词短语作定语，修饰reports；which引导定语从句。To sum up作状语。原文呈现Be a critical news reader!10 JulyFirefighters put out tower block fireFirefighters quickly put out the Henderson Tower fire last night. The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped. [1] Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services．[2] Fire engines and ambulances, called at 9：30 p．m., reached the scene within 15 minutes. By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor. Firefighters got the situation under control[3] around 11 p．m. There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules．[4]11 JulyLocal newsDeadly fire in tower block causes serious damageA terrible fire broke out on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged. Emergency services estimate that the number of deaths could reach 9. By this morning，4 people have been confirmed dead. The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition. Lisa Mayer，29, is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor injuries. She recalled, “I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking．[5] I looked outside and the smoke was choking me. It was like an awful dream.”Mr Peterson, head of the fire service, confirms that a dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster．[6] A team is currently investigating the accident further.Reading news reports criticallyWe rely on news to learn about what is happening in the world around us. However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information. How do these differences come about?It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event．[7] Let's take the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire as an example[8]. We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts, while the second talks more about deaths and injuries. When we read more than one report, we come to understand an event in a more comprehensive way.Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing．[9] For instance, the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire. When we come across[10] such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion[11] that one of the news reports gives false information. Instead, check when the reports were written. News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light．[12] Another aspect worthy of mention is that journalists may approach information they get from research or interviews differently. Suppose emergency services' estimates of the number of deaths vary between 5 and 9. Journalists may choose to present the minimum, the maximum or something in between in their news reports. Therefore, checking different sources enables us to draw a more informed conclusion.To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages, which brings us a more accurate understanding of a situation．[13] We also need to be critical about the information we receive and remember not to blindly trust what we have read. Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. With great discrimination, every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader.译文参考做一个有批判性的新闻读者！七月十号消防队员扑灭了大楼大火消防队员昨晚迅速扑灭了亨德森楼的大火。周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。根据应急服务部门发布的数字，人们越来越担心死亡人数可能达到5人。晚上9：30人们拨打了求救电话，消防车和救护车在15分钟内到达了现场。截至此时，火势已蔓延到十六楼。消防员在晚上11点左右控制住了局势。 有人担心建造塔楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。七月十一号　本地新闻大楼发生致命火灾造成严重破坏周日晚上发生了一场可怕的火灾，导致亨德森楼严重受损。应急服务部门估计死亡人数可能达到9人。到今天早上，已经确认有4人死亡。火灾还造成数十人受伤，其中5人伤势严重。29岁的莉萨·梅耶是幸运儿之一，她只受了轻伤。她回忆说，“我正要洗澡，突然听到人们尖叫和狗吠。我看了看外面，烟呛得我喘不过气来。这就像一个可怕的梦。”消防服务部门负责人彼得森证实，九楼地毯上掉落的一支香烟头引发了火灾，火灾自动报警器没有迅速发出警报，无法防止灾难发生。一个小组正在对事故进行进一步调查。批判性地阅读新闻报道我们依靠新闻来了解我们周围发生的事情。然而，我们通常会发现，对同一事件的报道包含不同甚至矛盾的信息。这些差异是如何产生的？值得注意的是，记者有不同优先权，这会影响他们报道一件事。让我们以亨德森楼火灾的两个新闻报道为例。我们可以看到，第一篇新闻报道更多地关注救援工作，而第二篇则更多地谈论伤亡的人。当阅读一份以上的报告时，我们会更全面地理解一个事件。即使新闻报道是从基本相同的角度写的，它们也可能在事实细节方面相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂的和不断变化的。例如，亨德森楼火灾的两篇新闻报道的死亡人数有所不同。当我们发现这样的事实性差异时，不应该急于下结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了错误的信息。相反，请检查报道的编写时间。随着新的事实被披露，在同一个事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息。另一个值得一提的方面是，记者可能会用不同的方法来处理他们从研究或采访中得到的数据。假设急救部门估计的死亡人数在5到9之间，那么记者可以选择在新闻报道中呈现最小值、最大值或介于两者之间的数值。因此，核对不同的信息来源使我们能够得出更有见地的结论。综上所述，从不同视角、不同阶段阅读新闻报道是明智的，这能使我们更准确地了解情况。我们还需要对我们收到的信息持批评态度，记住不要盲目相信我们读到的东西。尽管记者致力于呈现真相，我们最好还是运用自己的判断力，而非完全依赖新闻报道。如果拥有很好的辨别能力，我们每个人都有潜力成为一个有批判性的新闻读者。