外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science导学案

Section Ⅳ　Writing——写一个实验报告

Step Ⅰ　文本研读

Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解

Read the passage and fill in the blank.

1．This passage tells us ________________________________ when it is put on top of the bottle, from which hot water is poured out.

2．Pay attention to the materials and procedure.

Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达

Try to learn the following useful sentences for experiment report.

(第一部分)The experiment is designed to find out what will happen...(实验目的)

(第二部分)I prepared a boiled egg, a glass bottle and hot water to do the experiment.(实验器材)

First, remove the shell of the egg. Then carefully...Later...

After that，...At last...(实验步骤，注意表示动作先后顺序的连词)

(第三部分)After the experiment, we can draw the conclusion that...(实验结论)

Ⅲ.知识点

1．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续

2．the procedure for (doing) sth.做某事的程序

3．the correct/proper/normal procedure 正确/合理/标准的步骤

Step Ⅱ　Writing an experiment report

[文体介绍]

英文的实验报告主要描述实验目的、实验材料、实验步骤、实验结果和实验反思等。该文体要求逻辑清晰、语言平实，要把实验的过程表述清楚。

[篇章结构]

实验报告在篇章结构上通常分为三部分：

(1)文章开头部分需要介绍一下实验背景和实验目的；

(2)文章主体部分介绍实验材料和实验的具体步骤；

(3)在最后的结论部分，交代实验的结果和从中学到的知识或者道理。

[常用表达]

(1)介绍实验背景和实验目的的常用句式：

❶This experiment is designed to...

该实验旨在……

❷Below is a description of a simple scientific experiment.以下是一份简单的科学实验的说明。

❸The aim of the experiment is to find out...

实验的目的是了解……

❹To find out if...，we carried out this experiment.为了弄清楚……，我们做了这个实验。

❺We carry out an experiment to find out...

我们做了一个实验来了解……

❻With the purpose of discovering...

为了发现……

(2)文章主体部分常用表达：

❼I prepared... to do this experiment.

我准备了……来做这个实验。

①make good preparations for...

为……做好充分准备

②do the experiment as follows做如下实验

③be under observation被观察

❽The following things are needed：...

需要准备以下物品：……

❾To perform/conduct the experiment, you need the following things...

为了做这个实验，你需要以下物品……

(3)结论部分常用表达：

⑩After the experiment，I can draw the conclusion that...实验结束后，我可以得出……结论。

⑪From this experiment we can conclude...

从这个实验中我们可以得出……结论。

⑫We can learn from the experiment...

我们可以从实验中学到……

⑬Through the experiment, you can further learn about the theory that...

通过这次实验，你可以进一步了解……理论。

⑭The result of the experiment shows that...

实验的结果表明……

⑮In conclusion, from what happened in the experiment we can say...综上所述，根据实验中发生的情况，我们可以看出……

[实践应用]

假定你是李华，请根据以下提示写一篇实验报告。

实验目的：观察水的沸腾。

实验步骤：

1．在烧杯中放入适量的水；

2．把温度计放到水中；

3．点燃酒精灯，仔细观察温度计和水的变化。

实验结果：

1．水温在60℃以下时，随着水温不断升高，杯底气泡(bubble)越来越多，有少量气泡上升；

2．水温在60～90℃之间时，杯底气泡逐渐减少，气泡上升逐渐加快；

3．水温达到100℃时，气泡上升最快，水面气泡最多，温度不再变化。

实验结论：水在100℃时开始沸腾。

参考词汇：烧杯beaker；温度计thermometer；酒精灯alcohol burner

注意：1.词数80左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第一步　布局谋篇

第二步　遣词造句

完成句子

1．设计该实验的目的是观察水沸腾时的温度及发生的变化。

This experiment ________________________ the temperature when water boils and what happens in water during boiling.

2．为了做实验，我准备了以下器材：水、一个温度计、一个烧杯和一盏酒精灯。

________________________，I prepared the following equipment: water, a thermometer, a beaker and an alcohol burner.

3．现在你能够看到，当温度达到100℃时，大量的气泡会从杯底上升至水面。

Now you can see that ______________________，plenty of bubbles rise from the bottom of the beaker to the water surface.

4．实验后，我可以得出结论：水在100℃时开始沸腾，另外大量的气泡会在沸腾时上升至水面。

After the experiment, I can draw a conclusion: water starts boiling at 100 degrees centigrade ________________________．

句式升级

5．用that引导的主语从句、with复合结构改写句3。

Now ________________________ plenty of bubbles rise from the bottom of the beaker to the water surface __________________________________________．

6．用that引导的同位语从句、while引导的时间状语从句改写句4。

After the experiment, I can draw a conclusion ________________________ at 100 degrees centigrade ________________________________ during the boiling.

第三步　完美成篇

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Section Ⅳ　Writing——写一个实验报告

写作精析·技能提升

Step Ⅰ　文本研读

Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解

1．what will happen to the boiled egg

Step Ⅱ　Writing an experiment report

第二步

1．is designed to observe

2．To carry out the experiment

3．when the temperature reaches 100 degrees centigrade

4．with plenty of bubbles rising to the surface during boiling

5．it can be seen that; with the temperature reaching 100 degrees centigrade

6．that water starts boiling; while plenty of bubbles rise to the surface

第三步

This experiment is designed to observe the temperature when water boils and what happens in water during boiling. To carry out the experiment, I prepared the following equipment: water, a  thermometer, a beaker and an alcohol burner.

Procedure：

First, half-fill the beaker with water. Then put the thermometer in it. Finally, light the alcohol burner and heat the water, and observe the readings of the thermometer. Now it can be seen that plenty of bubbles rise from the bottom of the water surface with the temperature reaching 100 degrees centigrade.

After the experiment, I can draw a conclusion that water starts boiling at 100 degrees centigrade while plenty of  bubbles rise to the surface during the boiling.