专题06.UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD --Reading and Thinking单词，课文预习-初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）（人教版必修第一册）

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UNIT 5    LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD--Reading and Thinking单词，课文预习一．词汇预先知Ⅰ.单词——记其形
1．native English speakers　　以英语作为母语的人2．a positive attitude towards life  对人生的乐观态度3．the most convenient transport system最方便的交通体系4．despite his lack of experience  尽管他缺少经验5．one of the important factors  重要因素之一6．a symbol of freedom  自由的象征7．an energy－saving__means of transportation  一种节能的交通运输方式8.classic books  经典著作9．regard it as my duty  把它当作我的责任10．develop children’s character  培养孩子的品质11．a specific meaning  特定的含义
Ⅱ.单词——知其意
1．billion n．十亿2．bone n.  骨头；骨(质)3．shell n.  壳；壳状物4．carve vt.&vi.  雕刻5．dynasty n.  王朝；朝代6．dialect n.  地方话；方言7．calligraphy n.  书法；书法艺术8．affair n.  公共事务；事件；关系
Ⅲ.单词——通其变1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→reference n．参考；指称关系2．base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据→based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various adj.不同的；各种各样的4．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．大多数5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．球体；地球仪；地球6．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢Ⅳ.词块——英汉译
1．refer to　指的是；描述；提到；查阅2．ups and downs  浮沉；兴衰；荣辱3．date back (to...)  追溯到4．the attitude to/towards...  对……的态度5．pay attention to  注意6．play a(n)．..role in  起着……的作用7．be known for its ancient civilisation以其古老的文明而闻名8．lead to  导致9．one unified country  一个统一的国家10．classic works  经典的作品11．in ancient times  在古代12．Chinese characters  汉字13．be connected with  和……有联系14．global affairs  全球事务
 二．课文精研读原文呈现THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM：CONNECTING① THE PAST AND THE PRESENTChina is widely② known for③ its ancient civilisation④ which has continued all the way through⑤ into modern times, despite⑥ the many ups and downs⑦ in its history【1】．There are many reasons why this has been possible【2】， but one of the main factors⑧ has been the Chinese writing system.【1】which引导的定语从句修饰先行词its ancient civilisation。【2】关系副词why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reasons，同时why在从句中作原因状语。At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture－based⑨ language.It dates back several thousand years to⑩ the use of longgu—animal bones⑪ and shells⑫ on which symbols⑬ were carved⑭ by ancient Chinese people【3】．Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.【3】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词animal bones and shells。which指代animal bones and shells。By the Shang Dynasty⑮ (around 1600－1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well－developed⑯ writing system.Over the years, the system developed into⑰ different forms, as it was a time when people were divided⑱ geographically⑲，  leading to many varieties⑳ of dialects and characters【4】．This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221－207 BCE)．【4】as引导原因状语从句，该从句中包含一个“it is/was a time when...”句型，意为“这是一个……的时代/时刻”，其中when引导定语从句，修饰a time。动词－ing短语leading to...characters作结果状语。Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction【5】．That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak【6】， they can all still communicate in writing.【5】where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one unified country，where在从句中作地点状语。【6】“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句，what前省略了no matter。Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past【7】．People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture【8】．【7】“介词by＋which”引导的定语从句修饰先行词an important means。【8】该句是一个较复杂的主从复合句。The high regard是主语；介词短语for...system修饰主语。关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰先行词an art form。Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture.As China plays a greater role in global affairs【9】， an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.【9】As在此引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”。Fill in the blanks according to the text.China’s ancient civilisation has continued into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.One of the main factors 1.is (be) the Chinese writing system.2．Dating (date) back several thousand years to longgu, written Chinese was a picture－based language.At that time, people carved some 3.symbols (symbol) on animal bones and shells.By the Shang Dynasty, it had been already a 4.highly (high) developed system.Later, there was a time 5.when the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.The Chinese writing system was fixed from Qin Dynasty, when Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.The writing system is not only of great 6.importance (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture, but also an important means 7.by which China’s present is connected with its past.Today, we can read the classic works which 8.were__written (write) by Chinese in ancient times.Now, Chinese calligraphy, as 9.an art form, has become an important part of Chinese culture.With China playing a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10.to__appreciate (appreciate) China’s culture and history.三．随堂精训练【小题夯基】一.单词拼写1．As time goes by，I have changed my attitude(态度) and I even think she is lovely.2．Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up our strength, but also develop our character (性格)．3．It is a pity that I can not operate the system(系统) well.4．Reading classic (经典作品) books can boost your learning experience.5．As is known to us all，the valuable painting dates back to the Ming Dynasty(朝代)．6．The teenagers have specific (明确的) requirements of how to do that.7．The weather could be a major factor(因素) in tomorrow’s game.8．After three years of study，she knows the dialect(方言) here well.9．As we all know, cars have become a popular means(途径) of transport.10．She speaks not only her native(本国的) language, Chinese, but also English.二.词形变化1．They carried out various (variety) experiments to prove their theory.2．The symbols which were__carved(carve) on the shell by my father look alive.3．They play a leading role in reducing global (globe) warming.4．This is an old building dating(date) back to the 14th century.5．Beijing is filled with people from varieties(variety) of parts of China.6．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer)．7．Calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a means(mean) of showing the “man behind the brush”．8．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is__regarded(regard) as one of the best forms of exercise.9．You’d better learn some basic (base) Chinese before you come to our school.Only in this way can you get used to the life here soon.【大题提能】ASome sayings we use today are very old.They came from how people used to live long ago.Today we use the phrase “fly off the handle (柄)，”meaning that someone suddenly becomes angry.Long ago, tools like axes (斧头) were very important to settlers.Axes were used to clear land and cut wood.It was important that the tools be carefully made.Axe heads needed to be well fixed to axe handles.Why? Tools that were made with less care and attention could be very perilous．If the head of an axe was not well fixed to its handle, it could fly off when a person was cutting things.It  could easily hit someone.Have you ever had “the wool pulled over your eyes”？ If the wool has ever been pulled over your eyes, you have been tricked or fooled.This phrase came from the time when men wore wigs (假发)．Many of the wigs were made from wool (the hair of sheep)．Thus, “wool” became a popular nickname for a wig.Just like today, people liked to play tricks, or practical jokes.One practical joke was to pull a man’s wig over his eyes.His eyes were covered and people around laughed heartily.Afterwards, people said someone was fooled when the wool had been pulled over his eyes.Opposite to the saying “things are looking up” in meaning, “go to pot” is often used when something becomes much worse.This phrase comes from candles.Candles were made by putting a wick (灯芯) in candle wax, which was in the form of liquid.The process could not be completed at once.At first the wax on the wick was not thick enough and needed time to dry.So the wicks were coated repeatedly until the candles were big enough to use.When the candles burned low, the little leftover pieces were not thrown away.They were thrown in a pot.They had “gone to pot”．【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了几条英语谚语的来历。1．What does the underlined world “perilous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Strange. B．Cheap.C．Simple. D．Dangerous.答案　D　[词义猜测题。由画线词后的解释it could fly off when a person was cutting things和It could easily hit someone可知，perilous此处相当于dangerous。]2．What trouble did the joke bring the man wearing a wig?A．He had to pick up his wig from the ground. B．He suddenly became unable to see.C．He could not find his wool. D．He lost his way.答案　B　[细节理解题。由第二段中的His  eyes were covered可知，这种玩笑会让戴假发的男士突然看不见东西。]3．If something has taken a turn for the better, we can use the saying “________”．A．go to pot B．fly off the handleC．things are looking up D．the wool has been pulled over your eyes答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文中对三个谚语的介绍可知，尤其是最后一段首句Opposite to the saying “things are looking up” in meaning，“go to pot” is often used when...可知，表示情况好转应用things are looking up这个谚语。]4．What is the text mainly about?A．Stories behind some phrases. B．Special tools used by settlers.C．How people used to live long ago. D．Why some old sayings are still used.答案　A　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了三条英语谚语的来历。故选A项。]BEnglish has surely become the global language.Whenever we turn on the news to find out what’s happening in East Asia, or Africa, or anywhere, people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English.If people look at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language, many would be surprised.English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semi－official language.English is the working language of many international institutes (研究所) as well as of most international research scientists.It is also the language that Indian parents and black parents wish their children to learn.It is believed that over one billion people worldwide are now learning English.One of the most important causes of the spread of English around the world is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language.English is spreading from northern Europe to the south and is now the second language in countries such as Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and Denmark.If one visits any of them, it would seem that almost everyone there can talk in English.Recently, a report said that at the beginning of 2001，English was the most widely known foreign language with 43% of Europeans saying they spoke it.The report also said that with over 89% of the population speaking English，Sweden now has the highest percentage of English speakers.What’s more, English is the language rated as most useful to know, and over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language consider it useful.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。主要说明了英语是目前世界的通用语言。5．According to the passage, what has played an important role in spreading English around the world?A．That governments have asked their people to learn it in school.B．That English is the most beautiful language in the world.C．That Europeans are willing to accept English as their language.D．That people have to use English in their work.答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知C项正确。]6．What does the underlined word “rated” in the last paragraph mean?A．Stood. B．Agreed.C．Considered. D．Argued.答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据语境以及文章最后一句中的consider it useful可知，rate在这里意为“认为，看作”。]7．What can we learn from the passage?A．Black parents don’t want their children to learn English.B．English is used in over 90 countries as an official language.C．Not all international research scientists speak English at work.D．English has become the most important language in Sweden.答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的English is the working language ...as well as of most international research scientists.可知，并不是所有的国际研究科学家工作时都使用英语。]8．By writing this passage, the writer mainly wants to tell us ________．A．why so many people speak English around the worldB．that English has become a language spoken all over the worldC．about the development of English in EuropeD．something about the English－speaking countries答案　B　[写作意图题。根据第一段第一句English has surely become the global language.以及下文的具体描述可知，作者主要想告诉我们，英语是目前世界的通用语言。]