2019届江苏省扬州市高三英语期中考试卷（解析版）

这是一份2019届江苏省扬州市高三英语期中考试卷（解析版），共18页。

扬州市2018---2019学年度第一学期期中调研测试试题
高三英语
本试卷分五部分，满分120分，考试时间120分钟 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转 涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出 最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关 小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does Jim do?
A. A teacher. B. A student. C. An employee.
2. Where are the speakers going after dinner?
A. A park. B. A shopping center. C. An ice-cream shop.
3. What is the man’s suggestion?
A. Going to a show. B. Going to the concert.
C. Visiting the National Exhibition.
4. How long has the rain lasted?
A. Five days. B. Six days. C. Seven days.
5. What does the woman imply?
A. She has to post a letter instead.
B. She’s not sure if the computer is fixed.
C. She can’t send the message right now.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三 个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读 各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白 读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6和第7题。
6. What are the speakers doing?
A. Having dinner. B. Watching a movie. C. Making soup.
7. What makes the man unhappy?
A. The woman doesn't cook very well.
B. The woman seldom talks to him at dinner.
C. The woman watches too many commercials.
听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题。
8. Why did Mary call?
A. To see how her parents were going.
B. To tell her father some good news.
C. To invite her parents to her home.
9. Who is Tom probably?
A. Mary’s son. B. Mary’s husband. C. Mr. Davis’ friend.
10. How many children does Mary have?
A. One son and one daughter. B. Two sons and one daughter,
C. Two daughters and one son.
听第8段材料，回答第11至第13题。
11. What’s wrong with the man?
A. His throat is burning. B. His chest is hurting. C. He is coughing.
12. When did the man fall in illness?
A. About seven days ago. B. About four days ago. C. The other day.
13. How often at most does the doctor suggest taking the painkillers?
A. Once a day. B. Four times a day. C. Six times a day.
听第9段材料，回答第14至第16题。
14. Why didn’t the man go to sleep?
A. He was waiting for the woman.
B. He had a habit of staying up.
C. He had some work to do.
15. What is the news about the man?
A. He will take a free holiday. B. He has got a promotion. C. He is offered a job.
16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. A couple. B. Net friends. C. Brother and sister.
听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。
17. What does the speaker say about Shakespeare and Company?
A. It only sells famous books. B. It is only open to famous writers.
C. It is not only a bookstore but also a library.
18. Why was Ms. Beach’s bookstore closed?
A. She moved to Germany.
B. It was closed due to the war.
C. Her business went from bad to worse.
19. What do we know about Mr. Whitman?
A. He was Ms. Beach’s neighbor.
B. He has followed in Ms. Beach’s footsteps.
C. He used to work at Ms. Beach’s bookstore.
20. When did Mr. Whitman name his bookstore Shakespeare and Company?
A. In 1941. B. In 1951. C. In 1964
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1.In less than two months, the world________ the UAE Asian Cup.
A. was watching B. watched
C. will be watching D. has been watching
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在不到两个月的时间，全世界将会在观看阿联酋亚洲杯足球赛。介词短语“in+时间段 ”表示在多长时间以后，多用于将来和将来进行时。ACD三项都不表示将来，根据句意可知C项正确。
2.---How do you find your new boss, you guys?
---Oh, I think he has earned our wide respect ________ he treats everyone fairly.
A. in that B. so that
C. even though D. as though
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。 A.in that因为  B.so that 以致C. even though 即使 D. as though好像似乎 句意：—你们觉得新老板怎么样?—因为他对待每一个人都很公平，所以我觉得他获得了我们的尊重。连词短语in that表示原因。故A项正确。
3.Yangzhou Half Marathon, ________ popularity is growing stronger and stronger, has become the city’s annual sport gala.
A. which B. whose
C. of which D. its
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。 句意：久负名声的扬州半程马拉松已经成为了这个城市每年的体育盛会。此句中先行词是Yangzhou half marathon，关系代词 whose表示“人的/物的...”，若选用of which 则需要使用of which the popularity。故B项正确。
【点睛】本句考查了关系代词whose引导的定语从句，其用法如下：
1. whose用作关系代词时，它并不表示“谁的”，而是表示“……的……”，在具体语境需要灵活处理。如：　　
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。　　
The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。　　
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是惟一可能使他听从劝告的人。　　
2. 不要以为whose引导定语从句时，其先行词必定是指人的名词，其实也可以是指事物（包括动物）的名词。如：　　
It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛，名字我忘了。　　
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 
狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。　　
3. whose 不仅可以引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：　　
My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 
我的母狗脾气不稳定，常常在狗展上咬裁判。　　
One of the Britons, whose identity has not been revealed, was taken to hospital. 
其中一位英国人被送往医院。他的身份还没有透露。　　
Now was not the time to start thinking of mother, whose death had so distressed me. 
现在还不是开始想念母亲的时候。她的去世令我极度痛苦。　　
4. 引导定语从句的“whose+名词”，有时可换成其他结构，注意词序的变化。比较：　　
破了窗户的那座房子是空的。　　
正：The house whose windows are broken is empty.　　
正：The house the windows of which are broken is empty.　　
正：The house of which the windows are broken is empty.　　
正：The house with broken windows is empty.　　
5. 根据语境的需要，whose 前可以使用语义需要的介词。如：　　
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 
我要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我不会走到今天这一步。　　
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering. 
上个月东南亚的部分地区受到洪水侵袭，现在人们仍在遭受洪水带来的影响。
4.The European members are afraid that the new deal will upset the ________ balance of political interests.
A. ambitious B. arbitrary
C. delicate D. compulsory
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。A. ambitious雄心的；有抱负的； B. arbitrary随意的，专制的； C. delicate脆弱的； D. compulsory强制的；义务的； 句意：欧洲成员们担心这个新的交易会打破脆弱的政治利益的平衡。根据句意可知C项正确。
5.It was only after all his debts were discovered that everyone knew the great financier also had________.
A. green fingers B. feet of clay
C. the salt of the earth D. cool cucumbers
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查俗语辨析。A. green fingers 园艺能手； B. feet of clay 内在缺陷，致命缺点；C. the salt of earth 诚实正直的人； D. cool cucumbers 冷静镇定； 句意：直到他的债务被发现的时候，人们才明白原来伟大的金融家也有缺点。故B项正确。
6.---What do you think of Cristiano Ronaldo’s signing for Juventus?
---His experience and range of skills will add a new________ to the team.
A. extension B. foundation
C. occupation D. dimension
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词辨析。A. extension延长，伸展；B. foundation根基，基础；C. occupation职业，占据； D. dimension尺寸； 容积； 内容；维度； 范围； 方面；句意：—你怎么看待C罗转会到尤文图斯？—他的经验和技巧会给这只队伍带来新的内容。根据句意可知D项正确。
7.Richard sticks to principles and at the same time has flexibility, so he is to negotiate with the competitors________ the community.
A. on behalf of B. on account of
C. in favor of D. in terms of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. on behalf of代表，为了……的利益; B. on account of 因为；C. in favor of 有助于，有利于；D. in terms of 在……方面； 句意：Richard坚持原则的同时也有灵活变通，因此他要与代表社区的对手协商。故A项正确。
8.An earthquake struck the Indonesian island, ________ about 5,000 people out to sea.
A. sweeping B. to sweep
C. swept D. having swept
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意： 一场地震侵袭了印尼岛，使得5000多人离开小岛。动词短语 sweep sb out to sea =away from land 意为“让…离开…”，后句是结果，发生在地震后面，因此使用现在分词短语doing sth表示“意料之中”的结果。故A项正确。
9.When having meals, more young people would like to________ the expenses, fifty to fifty.
A. cut B. cover
C. split D. spare
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词辨析及固定搭配。A. cut砍，切，削；B. cover覆盖，采访，（钱、时间）够用；C. split使…分开；D. spare抽出，匀出；动词短语split the expense 分摊费用。句意：当吃饭的时候，更多的年轻人愿意分摊费用。故C项正确。
10.---Did George pass the interview?
---I’m afraid not. If so, he________ me in the first place.
A. informed B. had informed
C. would inform D. would have informed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。if引导条件状语从句的虚拟语气的用法的三种情况,(1)对过去：从句had done；主句would/could/might/should have done；(2)对现在：从句：did/were；主句：would/could/might do(3)对将来：从句should do/were to do/did；主句would/could/might/should do；语意：— 乔治通过面试了吗？— 恐怕没有，如果有的话，他会第一时间告诉我的。根据句意可知表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句部分使用would/could/might/should have done；故D项正确。
【点睛】本句考查了if引导的条件状语从句的用法，具体如下：
1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如：
If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai.
如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）
If they had time, they would / could / might go with me.
如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。
2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如：
If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake.
如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。
3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to + 动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： The glass would break if you dropped it.
杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）
If it should rain, the crops would / could / might be saved.
假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。
注意：主句中的 should 只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中， should 常被 would 代替；从句中的 should 可用于各种人称。
11.Employees who refuse to________ the company’s regulations will be dismissed.
A. adjust to B. cater to
C. turn to D. submit to
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。 adjust to调整适应； cater to迎合；turn to转向，求助于；submit to呈交，顺从，服从； 句意：拒绝遵守公司规则的员工都将会被解雇。根据句意可知D项正确。
12.“When I take a step back and look at________ we are today, as compared to a year ago,” he says, “the numbers indicate that our economy is becoming better.”
A. when B. where
C. why D. what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。本句中 where可以表示"地点"概念，还可以表示"场合"、"形势"、"情况"等概念。引导宾语从句where we are today，做动词短语look at的宾语。 句意：当我后退一步来看我们的今天的情况，这些数字表示我们的数据与一年前相比进步了。故B项正确。
13.He took up the post of general manager, little knowing how this appointment________ his life.
A. has changed B. had changed
C. was to change D. was changing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他接受了总经理这个职位，却不知道这个任命将会如何改变他的生活。句中不定式短语be to do sth表示将来时，故C项正确。
14.If you leave within 15 minutes, you________ park your car at the roadside temporarily.
A. would B. should
C. must D. can
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。 A. would会，将要；B. should应该；C. must必须，一定；D. can可以，能够；可能；有时候可能；句意：如果你在十五分钟内离开i，你可以暂时把车停在路边。根据句意可知本句中can表示可以，能够。故D项正确。
15.---Which movie do you think is better, Shadow or Project Gutenberg?
---________. Both have highlights and flaws.
A. It’s hard to say B. It all depends
C. You can't be serious D. I wouldn't mind that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际英语。 A. It’s hard to say这很难说；B. It all depends视情况而定；C. You can't be serious你不是认真的吧；D. I wouldn't mind that我不介意； —你认为这两部电影哪部好；—这很难说，各有优缺吧！根据句意可知A项正确。
第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On my daughter Norah’s fourth birthday, we stopped at the supermarket after school. Norah waved at a man a couple of steps away, “Hi, old person! It’s my birthday today!”_____16_____I could ask the earth to___17___ me whole, he turned to us and his rigid expression ___18___as he replied, “Well, hello, little lady! And how old are you today?” They chatted and he told us to call him Dan. We were___19___other shoppers and we said sorry, but they didn’t care. There was___20___happening in the supermarket that day.
I posted the story and a photo on my Facebook later that night. Soon I received a message from a___21___reader who ___22___Mr. Dan. I asked for Mr. Dan’s phone number and called him a few days later. He had been___23___since his wife had gone. I was certain his heart was___24___by my little girl and that he needed that___25___.
We visited Mr. Dan’s tidy house—___26___of his wife still___27___displayed everywhere. He was patient and kind with my talkative, constantly moving girl. He___28___a child’s table, blank paper and crayons for Norah to draw some pictures for him to display on his refrigerator.
Norah asks about Mr. Dan every day. She wants him to feel___29___. Mr. Dan thinks about Norah, too. After another recent visit, he ___30___ that he hadn’t had an___31___night’s sleep since his wife died. He told me that he had slept___32___every night since meeting my girl. “Norah has___33___ me,” he said.
That left me___34___and my cheeks wet with tears.
He has been___35___into my family, and just as Norah said, we're going to love him all up.
16. A. When B. Before C. Once D. Although
17. A. swallow B. cover C. chew D. hide
18. A. strengthened B. weakened C. softened D. toughened
19. A. avoiding B. gathering C. inviting D. blocking
20. A. magic B. friction C. panic D. glory
21. A. practical B. local C. critical D. typical
22. A. recognized B. appreciated C. discovered D. admitted
23. A. merry B. annoyed C. stubborn D. lonely
24. A. shaken B. switched C. touched D. broken
25. A. caution B. connection C. unrest D. separation
26. A. decorations B. designs C. reminders D. materials
27. A. randomly B. proudly C. casually D. loosely
28. A. set out B. left out C. let out D. made out
29. A. moved B. protected C. loved D. respected
30. A. related B. swore C. yelled D. joked
31. A. impressive B. unbelievable C. incomparable D. uninterrupted
32. A. constantly B. soundly C. thoroughly D. quietly
33. A. controlled B. protected C. inspired D. healed
34. A. restless B. sleepless C. helpless D. speechless
35. A. classified B. equipped C. absorbed D. released
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，女儿Norah四岁生日的时候遇见了Mr. Dan；妻子去世以后他一直都很难入睡，Norah的出现治愈了他心里的创伤，他慢慢地恢复，睡眠质量也有了很大的好转。
【16题详解】
考查连词辨析。A. When当…时；B. Before在…之前；C. Once一旦；D. Although尽管；在我尴尬地想打个地洞钻进去之前，我的女儿就已经叫出来了。故B项正确。
【17题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. swallow吞没；B. cover覆盖；C. chew咀嚼，消化；D. hide躲藏；动词短语ask the earth to swallow me whole字面意义是大地把我整个吞噬，此处暗指我感到难为情，想钻进地洞。故A项正确。
【18题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. strengthened加强；B. weakened变弱；C. softened变得温柔；D. toughened变得健壮；C项指语气变柔软，指Mr. Dan在见到little girl时变温柔了，后文be touched有所暗示，他被触动了。故C项正确。
【19题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. avoiding避免；B. gathering聚集，采集；C. inviting邀请；D. blocking阻挡；我们挡住其他购物者的路，向对方道歉但是他们并不介意。故D项正确。
【20题详解】
考查词义辨析。A. magic有魔力的，美妙的；B. friction摩擦力；C. panic恐慌的；D. glory光荣；本句是指那一天在超市里发生了一些美妙的事情。故A项正确。
【21题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A．practical实际的；B. local 当地的；C. critical批判的；C. typical典型的，都不符合文章含义，此处指一个当地的读者。我收到了当地读者的信息。故B项正确。
【22题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. recognized认出； B. appreciated感激，欣赏；C. discovered发现；D. admitted承认；动词recognize指认出…，在Facebook上有人认出了Mr. Dan。故A项正确。
【23题详解】
考查形容词辨析及生活常识。A. merry愉快的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C. stubborn固执的；D. lonely孤独的；失去妻子的人通常都会感觉很孤独。根据下文可知他的妻子去世了，因此他很孤单。故D项正确。
【24题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. shaken颤抖；B. switched转换，改变；C. touched触摸，打动；D. broken折断；此处touch指感动，触动，他被我的女儿所触动。故C项正确。
【25题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. caution谨慎；B. connection联系，关系；C. unrest动荡不安；D. separation分别，分开；此处connection指人际关系，他失去了妻子，见到我的女儿时有所触动，他需要这样的感情关系的慰藉。故B项正确。
【26题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. decorations装饰物；B. designs设计；C. reminders提醒物；D. materials材料；本句中reminder指起提醒作用的东西，即妻子的一些纪念物。故C项正确。
【27题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. randomly随意地；B. proudly自豪地；C. casually随意地；D. loosely松散地；ACD都是指随意地，但此处上下文可见Mr. Dan是非常思念他的妻子的，自豪地摆放着那些纪念物。故B项正确。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。短语set out拿出，开始做某事，leave out遗漏、冷落，let out 放宽，放大，泄露秘密，make out辨认。本句中set out指“摆桌子”，他摆好桌子，白纸和蜡笔让Norah开始画。故A项正确。
【29题详解】
考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. moved移动，感动；B. protected保护；C. loved 爱；D. respected尊重；根据文章最后一句“He has been___20___into my family, and just as Norah said, we're going to love him all up”可知他想让Mr. Dan感到被爱。故C项正确。
【30题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. related提及，与…有关；B. swore咒骂，发誓；C. yelled大喊，大叫；D. joked开玩笑；在某次来访以后，他提到自从妻子去世以后，他从来都没有未被打断的睡眠。故A项正确。
【31题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. impressive印象深刻的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. incomparable无可比拟的；D. uninterrupted指不间断的、未被打断；在遇见我女儿之前他很少有没有中断的睡眠，而现在Mr. Dan的睡眠状态好转。故D项正确。
【32题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. constantly不断地；B. soundly状态好地；C. thoroughly彻底地；D. quietly安静地；本句中soundly指状态好的，此处指状态好的睡眠。在遇见我的女儿以后，他的睡眠质量有很大的好转。故B项正确。
【33题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. controlled控制；B. protected保护；C. inspired鼓励，激励；D. healed治愈； Mr. Dan 认为“Norah治愈了我”，让他能够睡得更好。故D项正确。
【34题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. restless不安宁的，焦虑的；B. sleepless无法入睡的；C. helpless无助的；D. speechless无言的；本句指我默默无言地掉下眼泪。故D项正确。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. classified分类；B. equipped装备，配备；C. absorbed吸收，吸引…的注意，理解；D. released释放；此处absorb指Mr. Dan慢慢融入我的家庭，成为我家庭的一部分。故C项正确。
【点睛】本文小题8考查了生活常识，生活常识也是完形填空中考查较多的内容。在完成完形填空时，我们可以联系生活常识，再现相关情景。完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识充分地想象当时的情景，从而达到去“伪”存“真”的目的。  
 例： ... the girl was able to lead her birds to run across the grass, but she could not teach them to__45__.（全国卷I） 
 45. A. fly      B. race     C. swim    D. sing  
  析： 根据常识，人类可以race、swim或sing，但是不会直接像鸟一样振翅飞翔，因此小女孩不能教给鸟儿“飞翔”，故答案为A。
第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
CIRCLE ROLLS By Barbara Kanninen. Illustrated by Serge Bloch.
In this delightful sneak-lesson in geometry, physics, and helping your friends when they’re in a jam，some colorful shapes have a bang-up time when Circle starts rolling.
32 pages. Phaidon. $16.95. Ages 3 to 5.

A HOUSE THAT ONCE WAS By Julie Fogliano. Illustrated by Lane Smith.
Two kids walking in the woods find an abandoned house. Who lived there? What happened? Accompanied by Lane’s art that suggests layers of history, Fogliano’s story turns this childhood story into a brilliant poem about the mysteries of other people and the wonderfulness of home.
42 pages. Roaring Brook. $18.99. Ages 3 to 7.
FOREVER OR A DAY Written and illustrated by Sarah Jacoby.
In Jacoby’s first elegant performance, time is both a riddle and a poem: “Perhaps it is a ghost/ it can come and go/ and you never even notice it was there,” she writes. Her soft illustrations, in lovely sunrise, sunset and moonlight colors, capture both wide-open spaces and the enduring bonds of family love.
40 pages. Chronicle. $17.99. Ages 3 to 7.
JEROME BY HEART By Thomas Scotto. Illustrated by Olivier Tallec.
It’s rare to find a book about friendship between boys this heartfelt. His parents laugh at the intensity of it all, but Raphael wants to spend every minute with Jerome—his school-trip buddy, his defender against mean kids, the friend who always makes him laugh. Both the words and the sweet illustrations capture the spirit behind childhood bonds.
32 pages. Enchanted Lion. $16,95. Ages 4 to 8.
36. It can be seen that “Phaidon” might be the name of—
A. a writer B. a publisher
C. book D. a subject
37. Which of the books mentions school violence?
A. CIRCLE ROLLS B. A HOUSE THAT ONCE WAS
C. FOREVER OR A DAY D. JEROME BY HEART
【答案】36. B 37. D
【解析】
本文是一则广告，介绍了四本书CIRCLE ROLLS、A HOUSE THAT ONCE WAS、FOREVER OR A DAY、JEROME BY HEART，涉及四本书的作者、价格、主要内容等的具体信息。
【36题详解】
猜测词义题。整篇文章介绍书籍。根据另外三本书信息中表格里书名作者在第一行，根据常识可以推断最后为页数，出版社，定价和适合的年龄段，可知“Phaidon” 是出版商a publisher。故B项正确。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第4本书介绍第二句“His parents laugh at the intensity of it all, but Raphael wants to spend every minute with Jerome—his school-trip buddy, his defender against mean kids,”中提及了校园暴力，故D项正确。
B
Breeders(词养者）have long found that puppies become their cutest selves at the eight-week mark; any older, and some breeders offer a discount to arouse would-be owners’ weakened desire. Such preferences might seem arbitrary, even cruel. But recent research indicates that peak puppy cuteness serves important purposes—and might play a fundamental role in binding dog and owner together.

In a study published this spring, Wynne, the head of Arizona State University’s canine-science laboratory, and his colleagues sought to pin down, scientifically, the timeline of puppy cuteness. Their finding largely matched that of breeders: People consistently rated dogs most attractive when they were six to eight weeks old. This age, Wynne says, coincides with a crucial developmental milestone: Mother dogs stop nursing their young around the eighth week, after which pups rely on humans for survival. (Puppies without human caretakers face death rates of up to 95 percent in their first year of life.) Peak cuteness, then, is no accident--at exactly the moment when our involvement matters most, puppies become irresistible to us.
It doesn’t hurt that humans seem to be especially defenseless to cute things. Oxytocin, the so-called love hormone, has been found to rise in dogs and their owners after they look in each other’s eyes—setting off the same feedback loop(反馈回路）that exists between human mothers and their babies. In other words, the more dogs get us to look at them, the more tightly bonded to them we grow.
Born blind and basically deaf, puppies aren’t interactive in their first weeks of life, and Wynne notes that many people find animals in this stage alien and unappealing. A recent study focused on humans showed that, similar to six-week-old puppies, six-month-old babies are seen as significantly cuter than newborns. As the psychologists Gary Sherman and Jonathan Haidt have proposed, the delayed appearance of cuteness in human babies can also bring about a flood of social interactions, such as petting, playing, and baby-talking. These acts are developmentally crucial to puppies as well, but they can’t be carried out very effectively with the extremely young. And so “one is not born cute,” Sherman and Haidt conclude. “One becomes cute.”
38. What did Wynne find in his study?
A. Human care reduces puppies’ death rate compared with mother dogs’ nursing.
B. Mother dogs refuse to raise puppies as humans offer to help with the nursing.
C. Puppies1 attractiveness reaches its peak between six and eight weeks after birth.
D. Puppies present their cuteness to us because we participate in their survival.
39. The bond between dogs and humans builds up when .
A. oxytocin increases in both dogs and their owners
B. dogs give us more looks than we do to them
C. humans are able to feel dogs’ cuteness at first sight
D. dogs and humans receive negative responses
40. The conclusion “One becomes cute.” implies that .
A. newly born babies or puppies seldom show cuteness
B. cuteness serves for puppies’ survival and growth
C. even blind puppies can become cute through practice
D. it is a challenge for cuteness to be passed down
【答案】38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】
本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了小狗吸引人是因为他们之间产生了与喜爱有关的荷尔蒙oxytocin。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据题目Wynne提示，根据第二段第三句“Their finding largely matched that of breeders: People consistently rated dogs most attractive when they were six to eight weeks old.”可知出生六到八个星期的小狗最吸引人。故选C。
【39题详解】
判断推理题。定位第3段第二句“Oxytocin, the so-called love hormone, has been found to rise in dogs and their owners after they look in each other’s eyes—setting off the same feedback loop(反馈回路）that exists between human mothers and their babies.”可知在狗和主人之间产生了oxytocin的时候，可以增强他们之间的联系。文章并没有提到比较，排除B项；C中at first sight无中生有，D项内容也是无中生有。故A项正确。
【40题详解】
判断推理题。根据文章最后一段…“bring about a flood of social interactions…these acts are develop mentally crucial to puppies as well”可见“可爱”对小狗的生存和成长的作用很大。A项中or puppies错误， C项中 blind puppies无中生有；D项中 pass down 没有提及。故B项正确。
C
Since 2016, the U=U (Undetectable=Untransmittable) campaign, started by Bruce Richman, who was diagnosed with HIV in 2003, has teamed up with 570 other organizations in 71 countries to share the message: “In most of these countries people have been taught to fear HIV and people with HIV. Now we’re turning a corner.”
The impact of this and other prevention strategies and campaigns has begun to reduce new infection rates. As is reported, the number of new diagnoses in San Francisco has dropped by more than 50 per cent since 2006, in large part because of this “treatment as prevention” approach, also known as TasP.
But more work is needed, for example, on a vaccine. For some other viruses, vaccines work by mimicking(模仿)the biochemistry of people who seem to be naturally protected from infection. “For HIV, we don’t have a good naturally protective correlate to work with,” says Lundgren, an official in UNAIDS. Another difficulty is the lack of a good animal model for human HIV infections. Potential vaccines that show promise in monkeys infected with the similar simian immunodeficiency virus have not been successful in human clinical trials.
There are also hopes for an HIV cure, but this has been harder to come by than expected. The main problem with trying to cure HIV is that there is a hidden reservoir of the virus in the body. That is why the leading strategy in the hunt for a cure is the “kick and kill” approach. T his aims to kick HIV out of cells that act as a reservoir and then kill the virus.
While focusing on such scientific problems to make a cure a possibility in future, researchers at pharmaceutical company Gilead are also making progress when it comes to the potential for longer-acting treatments. At the moment, antiretroviral(抗逆$专录病毒的）drugs must be taken on a daily basis and this can prove difficult for some.
Winston Tse，a senior scientist at Gilead, is working on a treatment that looks to be particularly effective and could take the form of a long-acting injection. He and his colleagues have set their sights on a protein that surrounds and protects the HIV RNA genome which is essential to viral(病毒的）life including its ability to infect new cells. The team is developing compounds that interfere with this protein and so prevent the virus to reproduce.
It is this focus on prevention and treatment that makes the UNAIDS goal potentially achievable—removing AIDS as a public health risk by 2030. “I would love a cure, but I’m investing my time into the strategy of testing, treating and prevention, because I think that’s the way to end this disease,” says Richman.
41. What is the purpose of “U=U campaign”？
A. To call on more countries to fight HIV. B. To offer help to people with HIV.
C. To appeal to people to face HIV. D. To promote the TasP approach.
42. Researchers have difficulty in trying vaccines because .
A. many people are scared of HIV B. animal trials don’t work on humans
C. monkeys are infected with viruses D. there is a hidden reservoir in the body
43. What do we know about the “kick and kill” approach?
A. It is less effective than expected. B. It destroys the reservoir of the virus.
C. It kills the virus out of the cells. D. It belongs to the antiretroviral drugs.
44. What can we infer from the UNAIDS goal??
A. AIDS will become a public health risk by 2030.
B. A cure for AIDS is more important than prevention.
C. Doing more trials is the solution to stopping AIDS.
D. Researchers are confident in preventing AIDS in future.
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. C 44. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，艾滋病一直被认为是非常可怕的疾病，但现在情况有所改变，感染艾滋病的人数在下降，文章中提出了一些治疗艾滋病的新方法等内容。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“people have been taught to fear HIV and people with HIV. Now we’re turning a corner，turn a corner”中的“turn a corner”转弯，说明做法与之前不同，所以答案选择appeal people to face HIV。A项中more无中生有；B 项属于过度引申；D项 后文信息干扰选项。故C项正确。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“Another difficulty is the lack of a good animal model for human HIV infections.” 可知另外的一个困难是缺少好的动物模本进行HIV的测试。故B项同义，故B项正确。
【43题详解】
判断推理题。根据题干这kick and kill定位第四段最后一句“This aims to kick HIV out of cells that act as a reservoir and then kill the virus.”可知这种方法是在细胞外杀死病毒的。故C项正确。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段，investing my time into the strategy of testing, treating and prevention可见researches对于prevent的信心。AB选项意思与原文相悖。C项错误，目标是使AIDS不再是public health risk而不能彻底地去stopping AIDS。故D项正确。
D
A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small danger to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians, bat she replied: “I，m going to walk where I like. We’ve got liberty now.” It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty allowed the pedestrian to walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody else’s way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy(无政府主义).
There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed(削减）.When the policeman, say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny(专制），but of liberty. You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this rude officer, feel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere with your free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be in chaos that you would never cross at all. You have to curtail your private liberty in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.
Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody else’s liberty, of course, I may be as free as I like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown who shall say me no? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have liberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeing my hair, or wearing an overcoat and sandals, or going to bed late or getting up early, I shall follow my fancy and ask no man’s permission. I shall not inquire of you whether I may eat mustard with my mutton. And you will not ask me whether you may follow this religion or that, whether you may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcox to Wordsworth.
In all these and a thousand other details you and I please ourselves and ask no one’s leave. We have a whole kingdom in which we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other people’s liberty. I might like to practice on the trumpet from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on to the top of Everest to do it, I could please myself, but if I do it in my bedroom my family will object, and if I do it out in the streets the neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the trumpet must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet. There are a lot of people in the world, and I have to accommodate my liberty to their liberties.
We are all likely to forget this, and unfortunately we are much more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct.
It is in the small matters of conduct, in the observance of the rule of the road, that we pass judgment upon ourselves, and declare that we are civilized or uncivilized. The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare. It is the little habits of commonplace intercourse that make up the great sum of life and sweeten or make bitter the journey.
45. The author might regard his “rule of the road” as_________.
A. not walking in the middle of the road B. following the orders of policemen
C. behaving considerately in public D. doing what you like in private
46. By saying “the dear old lady”，the author thinks that the lady is _________.
A. ridiculous B. impolite
C. intolerable D. irresponsible
47. The underlined word “qualified” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_________.
A. accepted B. prohibited
C. educated D. limited
48. The author believes that he may be as free as he likes_________.
A. when he stays in his own home B. if he doesn’t interrupt others’ liberty
C. if he doesn’t go against the law D. when no one pays attention to him
49. In the author’s opinion, _________is the best way to maintain social orders.
A. obeying the authorities B. correcting others’ improper acts
C. making personal sacrifices D. being thoughtful in small things
50. Which of the sentences best sums up the author’s main point?
A. “Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.” (paragraph 1)
B. “ There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk…” (paragraph 2)
C. “A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings…” (paragraph 5)
D. “ The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare. ” (paragraph 6)
【答案】45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. D 50. C
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文，主要讲了人们需要对别人的权利和感觉考虑更周全，要求人们对自我文明与否做出评判，不过分追求自由。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据题干中“rule of the road”定位第二段第一句“…and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means.”结合第一段old lady 的例子可见作者指的是过度自由导致人们不能再公共场合行为得体，故选择C项。
【46题详解】
判断推理题。根据第一段“she replied: “I’m going to walk where I like. We’ve got liberty now.””可知这种行为是可笑的，作者表达的是对Old lady负面的，讽刺的情感。A荒谬可笑的。B不礼貌的；C无法忍受的；D不负责任的。故选择A项。
【47题详解】
猜测词义题。根据本句“But directly we step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other people’s liberty.”可知在我们自己的王国，不会侵害他人的自由时，我们有自由想做什么就去做什么。但走出这个王国，我们的自由收到限制，故选择D项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“We have a whole kingdom in which we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd.”可知在我们自己的王国，不会侵害他人的自由时，我们有自由想做什么就去做什么。所以答案选B。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct.”可知我们仔细考虑别人的权利和感觉是社会行为的基础。作者建议我们要仔细考虑一些细微的小事。A项与文章不符。B改正他人的不当行为，无中生有C文章中出现sacrifice作为干扰选项。故选D。
【50题详解】
判断推理题。本文是一篇议论文，主要讲了人们需要对别人的权利和感觉考虑更周全，要求人们对自我文明与否做出评判，不过分追求自由。A项错误，B没有涉及他的危害，D以偏概全。故C项正确。
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只写一个单词。
According to The New York Times, kids from ages 8 to 18 spend more than seven and a half hours a day on electronic devices and social network. Parents who have trouble tearing their teens away from the computer or smart phone may wonder whether their teenager is addicted to technology.
One big change that has come with new technology and especially smart phones is that we are never really alone. Kids update their status, sharing what they’re watching, listening to, and reading at all times. The result is that kids feel connected with each other all the time, never getting a break from them. That, in and of itself, can produce anxiety. It’s also surprisingly easy to feel lonely and depressed in the middle of all that connection.
Today kids are missing out on very critical social skills. In the past kids were more likely to chat and hang out in person. Through real-time interactions, they were experimenting and trying out skills. In a way, texting and online communicating puts everybody in a nonverbal disabled context, where body language, facial expression, and even the smallest kinds of vocal reactions are invisible.
Peer acceptance is a big thing for adolescents, and their image matters a lot to them. Who wouldn’t want to make herself look cooler if she can? So kids can spend hours beautifying their online identities, trying to project an idealized image.
Social media also can have a positive effect, however. Some research has found that social media can be a resource for teens to find social support when they are struggling with life issues, and that introvert kids can use the different online platforms as a way to express themselves. So they are able to build friendships and relationships through the interaction they have with others on the Internet.
Social networking makes kids more peer-based. Teens interact and receive feedback from one another. They are motivated to learn more from each other than from adults. Teachers and adults are no longer the only sources of knowledge.
Whether technology is good or bad largely depends on the person who uses it. Parents are role models for their children. They should cut down their own consumption first, and limit the amount of time their kids spend on social media. It is also suggested that sites like Instagram and schools teach safe social media use.
The use of social media among teens
Many teens seem _____51_____ to social media nowadays.
_____52_____ effects of social media on teens
Lone-time connection may cause _____53_____ problems in teens.
Teens are losing social skills for_____54_____ of real-time interactions.
In order to be _____55_____ by peers, teens spend too much time _____56_____ their online images.
Teens can seek help online with their problems in life. Social media offers more _____57_____ for teens to acquire knowledge.
Suggestions on the use of social media
Parents should set a good _____58_____ for their children.
A time _____59_____ should be set for teens’ use of social media.
Sites and schools should offer _____60_____ education.


【答案】51. addicted
52. Mixed 53. emotional/mental/psychological
54. lack 55. accepted/recognized
56. beautifying/idealizing/perfectin
57. sources/help
58. example
59. limit 60. safety
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文，据研究发现当代年轻人在网络上花费时间太长，带来起了很多负面影响。本文分析了网络给我们带来的诸多负面影响，同时也说明了网络的一些积极影响。最后还提出了使用网络的相关建议。
【51题详解】
考查同义转换。根据第一段第一句“According to The New York Times, kids from ages 8 to 18 spend more than seven and a half hours a day on electronic devices and social network.”可知8到18岁的孩子每天花在网络上的时间高达7个半小时，说明他们已经成瘾了。所以表格里应该使用形容词addicted。
【52题详解】
考查总结归纳。网络对年轻人有较好的影响，也有不好的影响。可能会导致年轻人的心理问题、花在与他人交往上的时间变少、花太多时间美化自己等。网络也可能帮助年轻人处理好问题。应该使用mixed说明网络对年轻人复杂的影响，所以要填Mixed。
【53题详解】
考查总结归纳。根据第二段最后两句“That, in and of itself, can produce anxiety. It’s also surprisingly easy to feel lonely and depressed in the middle of all that connection.”可知花在网络上的时间太长会让年轻人感觉焦虑、孤单和压抑。这些都属于情绪方面的问题。所以要填emotional/mental/psychological。
【54题详解】
考查同义转换。根据第三段第一句“Today kids are missing out on very critical social skills.”可知现在的孩子由于缺少真实交流，而缺少社交技能。所以要填lack。
【55题详解】
考查词形转换。根据第四段第一句“Peer acceptance is a big thing for adolescents, and their image matters a lot to them.”可知很多年轻人沉溺于网络是因为他们希望被同龄人所接受，所以才会在网络上让自己更完美。原文里用名词acceptance，表格里应该使用被动语态，所以要填过去分词accepted/recognized。
【56题详解】
考查原词再现和同义词。根据第四段最后一句“So kids can spend hours beautifying their online identities, trying to project an idealized image.” 很多年轻人沉溺于网络是因为他们希望被同龄人所接受，所以才会在网络上让自己更完美。表格里应该使用动名词beautifying/idealizing/perfecting。
【57题详解】
考查原词再现。根据第六段最后一句“Teachers and adults are no longer the only sources of knowledge.”可知老师和成年人不再是年轻人知识的唯一来源。网络也是学生知识的重要来源之一，网络给年轻人提供知识来源和帮助，所以表格里要填sources/help。
【58题详解】
考查同义转换。根据最后一段第二句“Parents are role models for their children.”可知父母亲是孩子的模范和榜样，所以表格里要填名词example。
【59题详解】
考查词性转换。根据最后一段第三句“They should cut down their own consumption first, and limit the amount of time their kids spend on social media.”可知父母亲首先应该减少上网的时间，而且还有限制孩子在网络上所花费的时间。也就是说要给孩子的上网时间设立限制。所以表格里要填名词limit。
【60题详解】
考查词性转换。根据最后一句“It is also suggested that sites like Instagram and schools teach safe social media use.”可知我们要教育孩子在使用媒体的时候要教育使用媒体的时候要注意安全事项。原文里使用形容词safe，表格里使用名词修饰education，所以要填名词safety。
第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）
61.请阅读下列材料，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
People use more than one exclamation mark (“Sounds good!!!)，and all caps (“GREAT IDEA!”)，and repetition of letters (“soooo tired”）in social media. These are the three main ones that show enthusiasm, according to Deborah Tannen, a professor at Georgetown University. It is the same for the Chinese character “哈（ha)”，which we use to represent laughter. We usually text two, three or more of these characters to indicate how happy or amused we are. Using many of these kinds of symbols and characters is clearly becoming a cultural phenomenon.
“HEY STEVE!” someone recently emailed me. Both my name and “Hey” were in caps, and all five sentences in the message ended with exclamation marks. At first glance I assumed the message was a loved one writing from a plane that was going down. It turned out to be someone I hardly knew, discussing minor household chores and thanking me for something that had taken no effort on my part.
I hate it, that if we don’t put six exclamation marks in an email or text we sound like a 13-year-old girl. But when used too much, the exclamation mark makes no sense to the receiver, losing its intended meaning.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
(1) 支持或反对在交际中出现的这一现象；
(2) 用2- 3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
【写作要求】
1. 可以支持文中任一观点,但必须提供理由或论据;
2. 阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
4. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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【答案】支持：
Today there goes a cultural phenomenon that people use many exclamation marks , caps and repeated letters or characters to express their strong emotions in social media. Some people support it while others don’t.
Generally, I’m totally in favor of this phenomenon. To begin with, using these symbols and repetition of letters or characters contribute to a better mutual communication among people, because it shows how close and concerned you are. Moreover, it can mirror the genuine sincerity while chatting with your friends or colleagues in social media because there is no need for you to be that formal, otherwise your emotions like enthusiasm and happiness would in a sense not be smoothly and fully expressed and accepted. Last but not least, we should be open to new expression to .keep up with fashion trends.
So it’s quite safe to conclude that this phenomenon makes for an effective and sincere communication.
反对：
With people using many exclamation points, caps and repeated letters or characters to express their strong emotions in social media, the public are divided into two opposite groups: “For” and “Against.”
I tend to take the “Against” side for three reasons. Firstly, using these symbols and repetition of letters or characters, senders may make it difficult for receivers to understand what they really want to convey, especially when they are not very familiar with each other. Secondly, we will definitely leave others an impression that we are so naive when communicating with others in this way. Thirdly, it’s a kind of offence to receivers especially on a very formal occasion because it is not that widely accepted.
In short, not only will the practice cause misunderstandings among users, but it will even sound a little bit offensive to the receivers.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇读写任务类书面表达，要求考生用约30个词归纳短文的中心思想，就人们过度使用感叹号、大写字母以及重复使用某个字母或汉字表达强烈的情感发表你的看法并说明原因。本文对考生运用语言能力及思维能力要求极高，难度非常大。
【详解】第1步：审题。根据文字提示可知本文是一篇议论文，要求考生用约30个词归纳短文的中心思想，就人们过度使用感叹号、大写字母以及重复使用某个字母或汉字表达强烈的情感发表你的看法并说明原因。全文使用一般现在时和第三人称为主。
第2步：组织要点。短文概要：很多人在交流的时候过度使用感叹号、大写字母以及重复使用某个字母或汉字表达强烈的情感；支持：这些方法的使用可以更好与他人进行交流，强调自己的情感。同时我们对新鲜事物应该持有开放的态度。反对：此类表达方法让人难以理解；会给对方留下幼稚的看法；此类表达法过于随意，并不能被广泛接受。
第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为express their strong emotions、 in favor of、contribute to、a better mutual communication、conclude、be divided into、be familiar with
等。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如phenomenon、repetition、enthusiasm、keep up with、communicate with
offensive等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如虚拟语气…otherwise your emotions like enthusiasm and happiness would in a sense not be smoothly and fully expressed and accepted；宾语从句…to understand what they really want to convey等；同时文章还运用了一些串联成分，如to begin with，moreover、last but not least,等；这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。