2023年北京市海淀区中考一模英语试题及答案

2023年北京市海淀区中考一模

英 语 试 题

第一部分

本部分共33题共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中，造出最符合题目要求的一项。

一、单项填空(每题0.5分，共6分)

从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. My uncle is a doctor. He likes ______ job very much.

A. my    B. her    C. his    D. your

2. Six students in our class will celebrate heir birthday ______ May.

A. at     B. on    C. of     D. in

3. David is American, ______ he speaks Chinese very well.

A. for    B. but    C. so    D. if

4. -John, ______ I join you in the volunteer program after school?

-Of course you can. Shall we meet at five this afternoon?

A. can    B. need    C. must    D. should

5. With the help of my teacher, I've become much ______ at writing than before.

A. good    B. better    C. best     D. the best

6. -______ will you stay in Beijing this time?

-For three months.

A. How much   B. How many   C. How often   D. How long

7. -What is your sister doing, Jane?

-She ______ a video on how to make sky lanterns.

A. watches   B. will watch   C. is watching   D. watched

8. Lily and her classmates ______ on a school trip yesterday.

A. went    B. will go    C. go    D. have gone

9. I ______ six books since the beginning of this year.

A. read    B. am reading   C. will read   D. have read

10. If the number of sharks drops too low, it ______ danger to all ocean life.

A. brings    B. will bring   C. has brought  D. brought

11. Today, teenagers ______ to help around in their neighborhood.

A. encourage   B. encouraged  C. are encouraged  D. were encouraged

12. -Do you know ______?

-At the end of the street.

A. where I can find a bookstore    B. how I can find a bookstore

C. where can I find a bookstore    D. how can I find a bookstore

二、完形填空(每题1分，共8分)

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

At a family reunion one year, I noticed that my 13- year-old granddaughter Lauren was not including her cousin Emily in her small circle of three friends.

I pulled Lauren aside, and thought of giving her a lecture (训斥) on kindness. Just then I remembered a 13______ experience when I was about the same age as Lauren. I was left out in group activities, and I felt terrible. Seeing that, a thoughtful teacher asked me to hand out papers one day. Although the teacher's kind act didn't make me a 14______ of the group immediately, it increased my self- confidence and created chances for communication with my classmates.

So, instead of giving Lauren a lecture, I changed my way. “Would you and the other girls be willing to make cupcakes for everyone?" I asked.

“Yes!" Lauren's face brightened, but then 15______. “Hmm… does Emily have to help?" she asked.

This wasn't a question I was hoping for. I told her firmly (坚定地) that Emily needed to be 16______. Then I told the other three girls about the plan. They were very happy with the idea, but Lauren wasn't.

I gave each of them tasks for making the cupcakes. Soon, all the four girls 17______ themselves in measuring (测量), mixing, and high-fiving one another. I could tell they had a great time there. When the cupcakes were ready, the kitchen was a mess, so I gave each girl their own clean-up duties. More high-fiving. More fun.

Soon after, I heard 18______ in the living room that evening. I noticed Lauren sitting on the floor behind Emily, brushing her hair while Emily was laughing at something Lauren had said. Obviously, my plan of involving them in an activity did the trick.

After the family reunion, I told Lauren how 19______ of her it was to include Emily in their activities.

Now the four girls are young adults. They don't see each other often, but each time they meet up, they never fail to laugh about the messy kitchen they made that time. This best proves that having teens involved is much more 20______ than just lecturing when teaching them how they should behave.

13. A. secret   B. funny    C. common    D. similar

14. A. coach   B. guest    C. member    D. speaker

15. A. cleared   B. relaxed   C. clouded    D. softened

16. A. followed  B. included   C. judged    D. tested

17. A. busied   B. trained   C. bettered    D. troubled

18. A. shout   B. laughter   C. complaint    D. argument

19. A. patient   B. polite    C. brave     D. kind

20. A. effective  B. popular   C. surprising    D. traditional

三、阅读理解(每题2分，共26分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

A

How to Practice Critical Thinking in Three Steps

For questions 21-23, match each step with the choices (A-D). There is one you do not need.

21. Step 1 ___________        A. Think of Plans

22. Step 2 ___________        B. Look for Answers

23. Step3 ___________        C. Ask Questions

D. Share Ideas

B

Serena looked up from her phone when she heard a loud “POP". A flat tire! “This is making the boring trip even worse," she thought to herself.

“No big deal! We'll continue our adventure soon!" Her dad jumped out to change the tire.

“What kind of adventure is this?! We’re driving in a broken car, all the way through South Dakota, just to see some old presidents' heads in a huge rock! There's nothing fun in that!" Serena thought and returned to her phone.

“What's so interesting on your phone?" her brother Tony asked curiously.

“Ally shared pictures from her vacation. She's on a real adventure in Africa! Look! Elephants! Hippos! Even lion!" she said.

"That's amazing!" Tony agreed. "You'll have to share pictures of our tip."

“You mean pictures of Dad changing a flat tire in the middle of nowhere? Who would want to see that?"

“But that's the great thing about this whole trip!" Tony said excitedly. “We have no idea what's going to happen, or what surprises we might have! We're on a true adventure." Tony continued, “I read that there's an amazing place out here. I found pictures online. Look how amazing they are!”

Serena put down her phone as Tony introduced pictures of the ancient animals and other interesting things about here. She looked out of the window, wondering when they could get there. But then she held her breath.

Just on the other side of the road, was a herd of bison (一群野牛) walking slowly through the grasses. She'd never seen anything like them this close before!

“Well, I didn't expect that! Maybe we're going to have a real adventure after all," said Serena as she quickly took a picture through the window.

"Exactly! Now look how wonderful the view is at the moment!" Tony said. “And all because we got a flat tire."

24. How did Serena feel about the trip at first?

A. Bored.    B. Worried.   C. Interested.   D. Surprised.

25. Why did Tony show Serena the pictures online?

A. To show their trip can be amazing too.

B. To ask her to compete with her friends.

C. To prove he was good at taking pictures.

D. To encourage her to study ancient animals.

26. What did Serena learn from the trip?

A. The importance of history.

B. The meaning of family to her.

C. The ways of solving problems.

D. The value of living in the moment.

C

People used to see lots of plastics on the sea surface. Now in a study, researchers have found that the microplastic pollution in deep water is much more serious than that on the sea surface. “What we've known about microplastic has been from the sea surface," says Kyle Van Houtan, "but this study suggests there's a larger amount that's unnoticed."

Microplastics are small pieces that break from plastic bottles or bags as they change to simpler chemical forms in the environment. They have different sizes and can be found anywhere, including in the oceans, lakes, soil and even blowing in the air.

To study microplastic pollution in deep sea, Houtan's team collected samples (样本) in the sea by using a ROV (遙控潜水器). As the ROV went down from 5 to 1,000 meters below the sea surface, a specially-designed machine filtered (过滤) the sample water and kept the small particles (微粒). Back in the lab, the team used a special machine to find out the types of plastic present.

Although the researchers found microplastic was everywhere, the amount of the particles was not evenly spread in the water. The midwater, 180 to 460 meters below the surface, held the highest amount of microplastic pollution, about four times as much as on the surface. Van Houtan thinks this may be because when plastic breaks down into ever- smaller pieces, they are covered with biological material, which causes them to go down into the deep- sea area.

Their findings are based only on a certain area, and if the results hold for the wider ocean environment, the amount of plastic in the midwater would be worrying, because this is key living environment for most sea animals. These particles, which have harmful chemicals, can go into the food webs at both the ocean's surface and seafloor, and can influence reproduction of sea animals. The final effect remains unknown, but what is for certain, Houtan says, is that "this is a serious problem, and it shows humans can change natural systems."

Yet in other ways, “the results are encouraging," he says. Since most of the microplastic waste comes from single -use plastic, this means we could reduce microplastic pollution by cutting down on the production and use of the unnecessary plastic products.

27. Houtan's team used ROV to ________.

A. filter the sample water

B. collect samples in the sea

C. examine the chemicals

D. record the depth of water

28. What can we learn from the study mentioned in the passage?

A. The sea surface is the most seriously polluted.

B. Deep-sea animals will die out in the near future.

C. The midwater holds the most microplastic particles.

D. Biological material destroys the food webs in deep sea.

29. What is the writer s main purpose in wring this passage?

A. To remind people to reduce plastic waste.

B. To explain causes of microplastic pollution.

C. To introduce changes in the ocean ecosystem.

D. To advise people to recycle single - use products.

D

Most of us probably have told a lie at one time or another. Some lies are harmful. Some are mostly harmless. Still other lies may even be created with kindness. But whatever kind of lie you tell, it takes surprising brainpower to pull it off. Lying also can have unwanted influences, too.

When you tell the truth, you think of what you want to say and just say it. However, lying takes much more work-you have to come up with a story and remember it. A lot of that work is done in a brain area called the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层). It's responsible for working memory and executive function (执行功能) tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control Working memory keeps things in mind just for a little while as you're using them. Executive function comes into play when you use self-control to keep from blurting out (脱口而出) the facts that would uncover your lie. It helps you recall all the details of a lie to make sure that it sounds believable. It also lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you' re telling will likely hold up to questioning.

Calling on your executive function this way uses up a lot of brainpower. Vendemia, a neuroscientist at the University of South Carolina, did a research and has found that people's mental workload will be hearer and their reaction time longer when they lie. Worse still, when the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, she notes, it has a harder time doing other tasks such as making a study plan or using self- control to keep from spending too much time on computer games.

Lying has social influences, too. Even the kindest lies can sometimes be risky and often backfire. When you give dishonest praise, you may make your friends feel good at first. But if you do it often enough, they'll soon learn that they can't trust your praise. People generally value honesty and don't like lars, so if you are viewed as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships.

It's widely agreed that nearly all cultures value honesty, and now science is revealing (揭示) how dishonesty influences the brain and your ability to build the trust on which strong relationships depend. So, even when lying doesn't stretch your nose, it still comes at a price that you can't afford.

30. The second paragraph is mainly about ________.

A. why self-control benefits the brain

B. what social influences lying can bring

C. how the brain works when people lie

D. when executive function comes into play

31. What can we learn about lying from the passage?

A. Lying improves working memory.

B. Covering lies takes much brainpower.

C. The nature of lies is decided by the brain.

D. People's reaction can be sped up by lying.

32. The underlined word “backfire" in Paragraph 4 probably means “_______”.

A. lead to serious accidents

B. help to win full support

C. build up strong relationships

D. have the opposite effect

33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Signs of Lying

B. Costs of Lying

C. Causes of Lies

D. Types of Lies

第二部分

本部分共5题，共20分。根据题目要求，完成相应任务。

四、阅读表达(第34 -36题每题2分,第37题4分，共10分)

阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

Doctors in Bristol can send patients on a free course from this month, which uses stand-up comedy to help patients who are fighting with trauma (创伤). The course was pioneered by a comedian, Angie Belcher.

It's believed that comedy is in every one of us, and we are all born comedians. Every night we come home from work and tell our family what our days were like, but on the way home we'll work on the details, and try to make our stories funnier to amuse our families. According to Angie Belcher, professional comedy education is to give people the tools to make the stories better. The course is a combination of psychology (心理学), comedy and storytelling and it will last six weeks.

In fact, past traumas are perfect for comedy. Comedy doesn't come from the happy, perfect moments of our lives, but from our everyday life events. People who've been through big life experiences, such as the death of a close friend and poor health, often can't wait to share their stories, mostly because there is always something strangely funny about the situation. Experts say that we can accept and honor the comedy of a stain, as much as the sadness of it. I's a short period of rest from something unpleasant.

Angie, who has a master's degree in psychology, says the course is for anyone who is ready to explore their trauma through comedy. It can be taken by people in recovery from mental health problems and people who've had trauma. There's lots of one- -to- -one help in the room too. The comedians give people a hand to write their comedy and explore some dark times from their history.

While the course can't take the place of medical treatment, talking about our trauma in a funny way indeed helps. Comedy can help to build community. When we bring our stories alive for others, it makes other people feel less alone. Having our experiences mirrored back to us is hugely comforting.

34. Who pioneered the free course?

35. How long will the course last?

36. Where does comedy come from according to the passage?

37. Your friend Peter is now going through a trauma. Would you like to advise him to take the course mentioned in the passage? Why or why not?

五、文段表达(10分)

38. 从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于 50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

题目1

假如你是李华，你校英语公众号将推出以“科技”为主题的系列推送。请你用英文给公众号留言，介绍一个你认为最实用的设备( device)或应用程序(app), 并描述它给生活带

来的便利。

提示词语: technology, communicate, learn, convenient, time- saving

提示问题:

●What device or app do you want to introduce?

●What benefits does it bring to people?

Technology is now becoming more and more important in our life, ______________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

题目2

积极求助是一种生活智慧。它能帮我们找到方向，带我们走出迷茫。

某英文网站正在开展以“积极求助”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，介绍你向他人求助的一次经历，以及你的收获。

提示词语: problem, encourage, explain, improve, confidence

提示问题:

●What is your story of asking for help?

●What have you learned from it?

Asking. for help plays an important role in our life.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案

一、单项选择(每题0.5分， 共6分)

1.C  2.D  3.B  4.A  5.B

6.D  7.C  8.A  9.D  10.B  11.C  12. A

二、完形填空(每题1分， 共8分)

13.D  14. C 15. C 16. B 17.A  18.B  19.D  20.A

三、阅读理解(每题2分，共26分)

21.C  22.B  23.D  24.A  25.A  26.D  27.B                            28.C                            29.A                            30.C

31.B  32.D  33.B.

四、阅读表达(每题2分,共10分)

34. A comedian, Angie Belcher.

35. For six weeks.

36. It comes from our everyday life events.

37. Yes, | would like to. Because the course can talk about trauma in a funny way helps, and trough the course, people can feel more comfortable and less alone.

五、文段表达

略