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展开高考英语二轮复习策略建议
一轮复习在紧张的学习与考试中度过,如何有效地进二轮复习,如何在高考最关键时刻,梳理重点知识,如何回归课本、回归基础,是摆在我们面前很值得深思与探讨的问题给大家整理了高考英语二轮复习方法,供大家参阅!
一、在复习语言点的时候,要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合,按照“点—线—面”顺序,构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题,少扣模拟题
要想熟悉高考的思路,最重要的一环就是做题。近五年的高考试题,特别是有些地区新课标执行起来题型发生了变化,就更需要我们适应它。在做高考题的时候,应该注意以下几个方面:
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况,了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点,揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里,做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表,少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围,根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练(全国通用)
05.时态与语态
核心考点一动词时态
1.动词的一般时态
★一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,regularly,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every day/night,every Sunday等连用。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于一些常用的位移性动词go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。
The train leaves at half past eleven. 火车将在上午十一点半出发。
The flight takes off at 2 : 30 every Wednesday and Friday.飞机每周三、周五2:30起飞。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
I will write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。
Turn off the 1ights before you leave. 走前关灯。
If we hurry, we may catch the bus.如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。
Tell me in case you get into trouble. 遇到麻烦请告诉我。
Whatever you say , I will not change my mind.无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。
★一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态,与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作,常与everyday,often,sometimes等时间状语连用。
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。
I went to Gansu and stayed there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
我去了甘肃,在那里待了一年,作为一名志愿者教学。
He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。
★一般将来时
(1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
He will get married. 他要结婚了。
I will come back in ten minutes.我会在10分钟后回来
(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
We're going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。 .
Look! It's going to rain. 瞧!快下雨了。
(3)“be to+动词原形”表示①预先安排好的计划或约定;②表示说话人的意志、意图、指麦、义务、命令等;③表示注定要发生的事情。
He is to visit Japan next year.明年他将访问日本。
(4)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
They're about to leave. (=They're leaving.) 他们就要走了。
I was about to go out when it began to rain. 我正要外出,这时开始下雨了。
★动词的进行时态
1.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
They are playing basketball now. 现在,他们正在打篮球。
We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
Mr Cheng is visiting our village this month. 这个月,程先生在我们村访问。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等表示移动、方向的动词。
We are leaving on Friday。我们星期五离开。
A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一个外国客人将给我们作报告。
Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在这里呆到下个星期吗?
(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用)。
She is always interfering in my affairs. 她老是干预我的事。 (不满)
The students are making progress constantly. 学生们在不断进步。 (满意)
2.过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday , at ten o' clock yesterday等连用。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
She was phoning someone , so I nodded to her and went away.
她正在跟别人打电话,因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。
When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。
This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车。
3.将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。
Please don't call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I'll be having my classes then.
明天8点到10点之间请不要给我打电话,我那时正在上课。
After you take the medicine,you will be feeling much better.服药之后,你会感觉好得多。
When he comes to my house tomorrow,I will be writing the report.他明天来我家时,我正在写报告。
★动词的完成时态
1.现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last(past)few years, up to now, so far等。
I have just cleaned my room. 我刚刚清理了我的房间。
I have been to this place before. 我之前去过了这个地方。
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态,常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
除非我亲眼看到,否则我不会相信你的。
(4)This/ltis the first/second...time +that从句,that从句中谓语要用现在完成时。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。
(5)It(This) is the best(worst,most interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
这是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。
2.过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time +句子等。
By the end of last term, we had learned 5000 new words. 到上学期末,我们已经学了5000个新词。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划,
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。
(4)在 "hardly(scarcely)...when..." ,“no sooner...than...”句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一......就.
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down. 我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下了。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。
(5)在“It was the first(second,etc) time (that)句型中,用过去完成时
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。
3.将来完成时
表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作,并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为“by+将来某个时间”。
By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years.
到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。
By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years.
到了这个月底他驯马/登山就满 20年了。
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们俩结婚就满20年了。
★动词的其他时态
1.过去将来时
表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情,多用于宾语从句中。
Mary said that she was going to visit her grandma in the country the next Sunday.
玛丽说下星期天要去看望她乡下的祖母。
They said that they were going to Beijing if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.
他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去北京。
2.现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
三年以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了。
比较:
I have been writing a book.(动作还将继续下去)我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.(动作已经完成)我已经写了一本书。
3.过去完成进行时(had been doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻,这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
【考例1】(2022年全国乙卷英语真题)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___3___ (address) the opening ceremony.
【答案】addressed
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知,本句是陈述过去事情,所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
【考例2】(2022年全国甲卷英语真题)In the last five years. Cao ___7___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
【答案】has walked
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
【考例3】(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___3___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知,空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
【考例4】(2022届山东师范大学附属中学高三考前打靶英语试题)Having online art class on Zoom meetings ____152____ (be)also popular. For teenagers, some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects;some are working on a social studies project which involves constructing a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s.
【答案】were
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:Zoom会议上的在线艺术课程也很受欢迎。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
核心考点二动词的语态
★动词的语态
动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,有人称,数,时态的变化
1.被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态,除be外被动语态的构成形式还有:get/become +过去分词。
2.只要及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:
last, cost, spread, happen(to), take place, belong to, break out, go out,run out, work out.
3.短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如:
He will be operated on by the best surgeon. 他将由最好的外科医生给他动手术。
This matter has been carefully looked into. 此事已得到仔细调查。
These problems have been seriously thought over. 这些问题已得到认真考虑。
The lights are turned off at 11 pm every day. 每天晚上11点钟关灯。
4.表示"据说“或"相信"的词组,基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel,report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如:
It is said that... 据说
It is reported that...据报道
It is believed that... 大家相信
It is hoped that...大家希望
It is well known that...众所周知
It is thought that...大家认为
It is suggested that... 据建议
It is taken granted that... 被视为当然
It has been decided that... 大家决定
It must be remember that...务必记住的是
5.不用被动语态的情况
(1)不及物动词不能使用被动语态。例如:
The sun is rising. 太阳冉冉升起。
When did the thing occur? 那件事情是什么时候发的?
(2)表状态特征的系动词。如: look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, become, fall, get, grow, keep等的主动形式表被动意义。例如:
It sounds very good. 听起来很好。
(3)表开始、结束、移动的动词不⽤使用被动语态。这类动词有begin, start, finish, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move等。例如:
Class begins at 8 o’clock.
(4)read, write, wash, sell, wear, lock等动词和well, easily,smoothly等连时, 主动形式表被动意义。例如:
The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很流畅。
The coat washes easily. 这件外套容易洗。
(5)部分动词进时表被动意义。这类动词有: print,cook, fry, hang, build, make等。例如:
The novel is printing. 这本小说正在印刷中。
The supper is cooking. 晚饭正在做。
(6)need, want, require, deserve等动词以物做主语时, 后接动名词的主动形式表被动意义。
My watch needs/ wants/ requires repairing. 手表需要修理。
Who said the boy deserved punishing? 谁说那男孩应受到惩罚?
(7)宾语是反代词、相互代词、同源宾语时, 不用被动语态。例如:
I taught myself English.
We help each other.
They live a happy life.
(8)部分及物动词不用被动语态。常见的有: fit, have,wish, cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit(受益), lack, own等。例如:
He entered the room and got his book.
I have a book.
(9)些短语动词不能用被动语态, 如: break out, take place, lose heart(丧失勇⽓), come true, belong to, consist of (由---组成), add up to, agree with, arrive at/ in, shake hands with, succeed in, walk into, suffer from, happen to,take part in等.例如:
The group, consisting of 5 people, has achieved its goals.这个由5人组成的小组已经实现了它的目标。
(10)不定式to blame (责备) , to seek, to let等主动形式表被动意义。例如:
The house is to let.此房出租。
Who is to blame for? 那件事情谁应该受责备?
(11)不定式作定语与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时, 不定式用主动形式。例如:
I have lots of work to do every day.
我每天有大量的工作要做。
He is a pleasant person to get along with.他是一个很好相处的人。
(12)部分形容词后接不定式做状语时, 不定式用主动形式。常见的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, nice, kind, pleasant 等。例如:
He is easy to deal with. 他容易相处。
The ground is hard to dig. 这块地难挖。
【考例5】(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___5___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
【答案】is designed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知,空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
【考例6】(2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)英语试题) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____2____(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
【答案】is viewed或has been viewed
【详解】考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
【考例7】(2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)英语试题)To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ____61____ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind?
【答案】be appreciated
【详解】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢?主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系,且置于情态动词can 之后,所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。 故填be appreciated。
核心考点三 主谓一致
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。人称指的是主语作为第一、第二、第三等不同人称时,谓语动词的变化;数指的是谓语动词的单复数变化。
总的来说,主谓一致有以下 3 个指导原则:
(1)语法一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语必须采取复数形式。例如:
Both teachers have their own merits. 两位老师各有优点。
The boy has a cute sister. 这个男孩有一个可爱的妹妹。
(2)意义一致:主语和谓语的关系不取决于语法上的单、复数形式,而是取决于主语的单复数意义。例如:
The family are all fond of football.这家人都喜欢足球。
The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会中最小的细胞。
(3)就近原则:这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。例如:
Not only he but also all his family are keen on music.不仅他而且他全家都喜欢音乐
Neither his family nor he knows anything about the news.他的家人和他都不知道这个消息
1.以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
1)以 s 结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称,这些名词通常当单数用;
Arthritis is a disease causing pain in the joints of the body.关节炎是一种引起身体关节疼痛的疾病
2)以 s 结尾的地理名称,国名用单数,群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等用复数;
The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。
The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world. 喜马拉雅山是世界上最高的山峰。
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world. 尼亚加拉大瀑布可能是世界上最著名的瀑布。
3)以ics 结尾的学科名称,通常做单数用;
Physics is an important subject in middle school. 物理在中学是一门重要的学科。
Tactics is an important study for the soldiers. 战术是士兵们的一门重要学问。
4)其他以 s 结尾的名词;
a.由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以 s 结尾,如 scissors,trousers 等。这一类名词,通常做复数用;带一把、一条等则做单数用。
The scissors on your desk are very sharp. 你桌子上的剪刀很锋利
Wendy's new trousers are a little bit expensive. 温迪的新裤子有点贵。
b.以 s 结尾的名词如:contents、fireworks、goods、stairs 等通常做复数。
The contents of this book are fascinating. 这本书的内容很吸引人
c.由 ings 结尾的名词,如 earrings、diggings、surroundings 等,通常用做复数。
Maybe your surroundings are starting to affect you. 也许你周围的环境开始影响你了。
d.以 s 结尾的单复数同行的名词,如 headquarters、species、remains 等。随后动词的单复数形式取决于这些名词是用做单数还是复数;
A headquarters needs to be set up in China to direct the operation. 需要在中国设立一个总部来指导运营。
Their headquarters are in Beijing.他们的总部在北京。
A new species of mammal has been found in Hongkong. 在香港发现了一种新的哺乳动物。
There are 450 species of flatfish are known. 已知的比目鱼有450种
2.以集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
1)通常做复数的集体名词;如:police,cattle,people 等。
The police are looking for him. 警察正在找他
People live longer and longer. 人们的寿命越来越长。
2)通常做不可数名词的集体名词;如:machinery、equipment、merchandise 等。
The machinery is driven by electricity. 这些机器是由电力驱动的。
This equipment has saved the lives of a number of new born children. 这种设备挽救了许多新生儿的生命。
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词;如:class、family、 public等。
The family is rich. 这个家庭很富有。
My family all like playing football. 我的家人都喜欢踢足球。
4)“a committee of 等+复数名词”通常用做单数。
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
一个由五男三女组成的委员会将审议此事。
The board of directors is responsible for the management of the firm.董事会负责公司的经营管理。
3.以并列结构作主语时的主谓一致问题
1)由 and/both…and 连接的并列主语,通常用做复数。
Wendy and Blair are going to HongKong tomorrow. 温迪和布莱尔明天要去香港。
注意:如果做主语的并列结果表示单数意义,则动词用单数,如:
Ham and egg is a good breakfast.火腿和鸡蛋是很好的早餐。
2)由 or/either…or/neither nor 等连接的并列主语,随后的动词形式按就近原则处理。
My two sisters or my brother is likely to be at home. 我的两个姐妹或我的兄弟可能在家
My brother or my two sisters are likely be at home. 我哥哥或两个姐姐可能在家
Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon. 不是她爸爸就是她妈妈每天下午来找她
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟们要来
Neither the players nor the coach was overconfident. 球员和教练都不太自信
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. 不仅开关换了,旧的电线也换了。
3)主语+as much as/rather than/more than 等引导从句时,随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。
Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.一些工人和经理一样对损失负有责任
His brother rather than his parents is to blame. 该受责备的是他的兄弟而不是他的父母
My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go there again.
我妻子比家里的任何人都渴望再去那儿
4)主语+as well as/with/together with/except 等引导的词组时,随后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的单复数形式。
The father, as well as his sons, is going to Beijing tomorrow. 那位父亲和他的儿子们明天要去北京。
The manager with some workers was working during the summer holiday.
经理和一些工人在暑假期间工作。
Bill, together with his sisters, was hurt in the accident. 比尔和他的姐妹们在事故中受伤了。
No one except two girls was late for the dinner.除了两个女孩之外,没有人迟到。
4.以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
1)以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
a.数量概念被看做一个整体,动词用单数;被看做一个个的个体,则动词用复数;
Three years is too short a time, the senior high school headmaster warned.
这位高中校长警告说,三年时间太短了。
There are 3 dollars in each of the stockings. 每只袜子里有3美元。
b.主语由“分数/百分数+of +词组”构成,其动词的形式依 of 后名词类别而定;
Two thirds of the water is polluted. 三分之二的水被污染了
Two thirds of the students are boys. 三分之二的学生是男孩
Over sixty percent of the the city was destroyed in the war.
这个城市的百分之六十以上在战争中被摧毁了。
Thirty-five percent of the doctors in Shekou Hospital are women. 蛇口医院35%的医生是女性。
c.主语由“one in/one out of+复数名词”构成,其后动词通常用单数;
One in(out of) ten students has failed the exam. 十分之一的学生考试不及格。
d.加减乘除运算一般用单数,加和乘页可用复数。
40 minus 15 is 25. 40减15等于25。
40 divided by 8 is 5.40除以8等于5。
7 plus 4 is/are 11. 7加4等于11。
5 times 8 is/are 40.5乘以8等于40。
2)以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语
a.主语由 most of…,some of…,all of…等构成,其后的动词形式依 of 后名词类别而定;
Most of the money we used today is made of paper. 我们现在使用的大部分货币都是纸做的。
Most of the teachers are women in our company. 我们公司的大多数老师都是女性。
Half of the building was damaged in the explosion. 大楼的一半在爆炸中受损。
Half of the students were absent yesterday because of the flu. 昨天有一半的学生因为流感缺席了。
b.主语由 lots of, loads of, plenty of 等构成,其后的动词形式依 of 后名词类别而定;
Lots of food is going to be wasted. 很多食物会被浪费掉。
Lots of people are waiting outside. 很多人在外面等着。
Plenty of sugar is imported from Cuba. 大量的糖从古巴进口。
Plenty of apples have been picked from the trees. 树上已经摘了许多苹果。
c.主语由 a portion of, a series of, a pile of 等构成,其后的动词通常用单数形式。
Only a portion of your previous working experience is related to teaching.
你以前的工作经验中只有一部分是与教学有关的
A series of accidents has been reported. 已经报道了一系列事故
There is a pile of books on the table. 桌子上有一堆书
d.主语由“many/more than one+名词”等构成,其意义虽属于多
数,但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则,用单数。
I met him many a time in the bus. 我在公共汽车上见过他很多次。
More than one person has been concerned in this affair.不止一个人与这件事有关。
e.主语由“an average of/a majority of+名词复数”构成,其后的动词形式通常用复数。
An average of 10 students are absent each day. 平均每天有10个学生缺席。
A majority of Taiwanese believe in Buddhism and Taoism. 大多数台湾人信仰佛教和道教。
f.主语由限定词+kind/type/sort of+名词等构成,分为两种情况:
①在 a kind/type/sort of+名词,this kind/type/sort of+名词之后,动词用单数。
There is a kind of rose, which fills the air with fragrance when May comes.
有一种玫瑰,当五月来临的时候,空气中弥漫着芬芳。
This kind of man annoys me. 这种人使我讨厌。
This type of car is old-fashioned. 这种车是老式的。
②在 these kinds of+名词, many/several kinds of+名词之后,动词用复数。
There are many kinds of different snake in the mountains.山里有许多种不同的蛇。
These kinds of insects are harmful.这些昆虫是有害的。
These types of car are imported from Japan. 这些型号的汽车是从日本进口的。
5.其他方面的主谓一致问题
1)由 what,who,why 等引导的主语从句中,其后动词用单数;
What caused the accident is a mystery. 事故的起因是个谜。
Whether this will be successful or not is still difficult to 这是否会成功还很难说。
predict. 注意:两个由 and 连接的并列名词性从句作主语表示两件事情,动词用复数。
What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery.
事故的起因和肇事者仍然是个谜。
2)由不定式和 ing 分词做主语时,随后的动词通常用单数;
To eat well is all he asks.他只要求吃得好.
Playing tennis is a very good exercise. 打网球是一项很好的运动.
3)在“one of+复数名词+从句”结构中,其后的动词通常按语法一致原则用复数。
He is one of my friends who help me a lot. 他是我帮助我很多的朋友之一
Maria is one of those people who are always happy. 玛丽亚是那种总是快乐的人。
注意:这类结构之前有定冠词 the/the only 时,其后动词依 one 而定用单数。
Wendy is the only one of those girls who is still insist on running in the morning.
温蒂是那些女孩中唯一一个还坚持在早上跑步的。
【考例8】(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___23___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知,空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
【考例9】(2021年全国甲卷英语真题)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___71___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)。
【答案】was built
【详解】考查动词语态与主谓一致。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,应用一般过去时。故填was built。
【考例10】(2021年北京市英语高考真题)As it ____103____ (connect) things,your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream.
【答案】connects
【详解】考查动词语态与主谓一致考查时态。句意:当它连接事物时,你的大脑将它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知,空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数it,所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. At the windows in her bedroom ______ (hang) some beautiful curtains which were bought yesterday.
2. Just after putting the baby onto the bed, Mrs. White suddenly caught sight of the pet cat and didn’t know how long it ______ (lie) on the table for the family dinner.
3. —My car ______(damage) seriously. Don’t you see that?
—Just tell me what you want for the damage.
4. He ________ (ignore) all the signs “No Smoking” and struck a match.
5. She ________ (gain) 88 points in total after playing in 5 games over the past two months this season.
6. The Great Wall built by Chinese people as a barrier (屏障) _______ (view) as the symbol (象征) of the country.
7. The movie is _______ (base) on a real-life story.
8. Is it likely that the scientists __________ (discover) a cure for cancer by the year 2040?
9. Since I won the prize, my phone has never stopped ringing. People ________(phone) to ask how I will spend the money.
10. It so happened that my mobile phone __________(repair) when you called me yesterday.
11. By the time Henry was 12 years old, he ________(collect) more than a thousand stamps.
12. So far, Artemisinin _______ (acknowledge) as a crucial new treatment for malaria.
13. This traditional farming method _______ (date) back to the 1930s at least.
14. His father ________(wound) several times during the war of liberation.
15. The crazy fans ________ (wait) in line since 7 pm and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
16. Over the past decade, I ________ (learn) to be an independent person.
17. Go straight on, and at the street corner you ________(find) a big supermarket.
18. By the time he was 30, he ________(regard) as one of the outstanding sculptors of the age.
19. My classmate usually ________(breath) quickly when he gets into a panic.
20. The sports meeting ________ (come) in our school next week, let’s work out to prepare for it.
21. They __________ (leave) for Beijing tomorrow.
22. It is _________ (estimate) that more than 50% of the population does not have access to basic health care.
23. My suggestion is that any kind of research in this field should be ___________ (prohibit) .
24. The more books you read, the large vocabulary you ____________ (acquire).
25. When I saw it up close, I ________ (strike) by the small areas of light across the paintings, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together.
26. If a snow slide strikes, skiers can be ________ (bury) alive by snow.
27. It was the first time that she ________ (leave) China.
28. I ________ (take) my family to Shanghai Disneyland tomorrow.
29. We ________ (go) out in half an hour. Please make sure that everything is ready.
30. Our train ________ (leave) at 9:00 so we have an hour left.
31. Spanish ____________(recognise) as an official language in Peru because Spain took control of it in the 16th century and ruled until 1821.
32. When they got to the theatre, the performance ______ (begin) already.
33. The secretary ______ (prepare) the report when the telephone rang.
34. When I graduated from high school, I _______________ (bless) with the opportunity to be the first person in my family to attend college.
35. What ________ (impress) me most was that whenever he appeared in front of others he often wore a big smile.
36. I was lucky because that was the second time that I _______________ (visit) Russia.
37. Praise not only brings joy to those who ______ (praise) but also adds pleasure to those who praise.
38. Face-to-face talking will draw you closer together, and it will________(strong) the bond of your relationship.
39. The animal ________(distribute) across China’s Central Plains, where Chinese civilization originated.
40. As he ________ (explore) the sea, he took a lot of pictures.
41. He ________________(一直在帮助) those homeless people with a safe shelter till now. (help) 42. Many scientific discoveries ________ (apply) to industry in the past decade.
43. A survey shows that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ________(be) in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
44. The famous star________ (swing) his arms the instant he saw his fans.
45. —Hi, Lucy! What’s your plan for the weekend?
—I ______(set) out for Changsha for red leaves.
46. It is strongly recommended that the machines ______(check) once every month.
47. The manager put forward a proposal that the new project ______ (develop) jointly.
48. You, rather than Mary,______(be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.
49. When the results were made public, my concerns ________ (prove) unnecessary.
50. Some major tourist attractions ________ (crowd) with tourists this summer.
二、语法填空
1
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When it comes to volleyball, we can’t help ____51____ (think) of Lang Ping. Lang Ping used to be a ____52____ (fame) player. Now she is also known as a coach who brings honor ____53____ glory to our country. Led by her, Chinese women volleyball team won the world championship in 2019, ____54____ made the whole nation excited.
Lang Ping was born in Tianjin in 1960. She began playing volleyball as a teenager and ____55____ (final) joined the national team in 1978. Her height made____56____ possible for her to play volleyball well. Lang Ping and her teammates played so well that they won gold medals several times in____57____1980s.
In 1995, she returned to China to work as a coach. When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination ____58____ (test).Her team was falling apart, as she lost two important players. But Lang Ping did not lose heart. She ____59____ (face) difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team. Two weeks later, they were world ____60____ (champion)!
2
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was pushed into writing the “top ten problems the young face” after I attended a school programme, where I had the opportunity to interact with many ____61____ (teenage). Each conversation was only adding one more item ____62____ the list of problems.
About two ____63____ (three) of girls in year nine to year twelve “worry about their appearance”. ____64____ there were no gender(性别) differences in worries about school, girls are____65____ (anxiety) about getting along with parents and what to do when they are older.
Girls are proven to worry more about personal problems and romantic relationship, and are more ____66____ (concern) about their own images in peer group. In fact, the only thing ____67____ boys worry about more than girls is succeeding in their physical activities.
____68____ parents need to do is to look at ways to help teens and take ____69____ (responsible) for what we are exposing our teens to right now. We cannot afford _____70_____ (ignore) the parental duties of bringing them up well from the time they are young.
Televisions, computers and other gadgets that they spend most of the time with cannot give them a bright future.
3
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area reported a sharp decline in water consumption and a great improvement in natural and living environment.
Water consumption per unit of GDP for the area, also known ___71___ Beijing E-Town, was only one-third of Beijing’s average. The ___72___ (efficient) of water use in the area is among the highest ___73___(global), said an official at the administrative committee of Beijing E-Town.
In the past decade, Beijing E-Town has __74__(far) improved its natural and living environment,___75___(struggle) to become an ideal place to live and work and an urban area free of “urban diseases”, which refer to problems facing big cities such as traffic jams and environmental pollution.
Now, it has become an ideal habitat for animals. Every year, a large group of birds ___76___(spot) in the Beijing E-Town section of the Liangshui River, ___77___was once full of pollution and had an unpleasant smell. After more than 10 years of pollution control and management, it___78___(pass) the evaluation by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2020, ___79___(recognize) as one of the first exemplary (典范) rivers in China.
“Beijing E-Town will continue to adopt a people-centered approach to development and promote the combination of industrial growth ___80___urban development,”said an official of Beijing E-Town.
4
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Exploring the moon is a dream that we Chinese have been pursuing for ages, and we are proud of the ____81____ (achieve) in the past decade.
On Dec 2, 2013, as ____82____ key part of the second step of the three-phase lunar probe (探 测) projects, China started the Chang’e 3 mission to explore the moon. After about 12 days of fight, the Chang’e 3 probe ____83____ (success) soft-landed on the lunar soil, becoming the first Chinese spacecraft on the moon. And China is the first country ____84____ (reach) this goal in nearly fourdecades. It then released the first Chinese lunar rover, Yutu, which worked there for nearly 1,000 days, until July 2016.
On Dec 8, 2018, China launched its fourth lunar probe, Chang’e 4, toward the far side of the moon, ____85____ always faces away from Earth. Twenty six days into its journey, the unmanned spacecraft made a soft-landing in the south basin, ____86____ (start) mankind’s first close observation of the moon’s little-known far side. The mission’s core component—the Yutu 2 rover—____87____ (work) on the moon for nearly 1,400 days so far, ____88____ (long) than any other rover of all time.
On Nov 24, 2020, the Chang’e 5 robotic mission ____89____ (launch) from Wenchang and landed on the moon on Dec 1. The mission brought 1,731 grams of lunar rocks and soil back ____90____ Earth on Dec 17. The 23-day mission made China the third county that has retrieved (带回) lunar sample.
5
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Tibet autonomous region has achieved all-around progress in the sports sector, ____91____ (pour) nearly 5. 23 billion yuan into sports projects, officials said at a news conference in Lhasa this Monday.
As part of this historic breakthrough, the region has been making efforts to enhance the protection and inheritance of ethnic sports and the ____92____ (develop) of outdoor sports. Up to now, over 20 ethnic sports, including Lhasa kite-flying, ____93____(put) on the national cultural heritage lists, and activities such as Tibetan wrestling have been included as events at national ethnic sports meets. Stone-lifting and Tibetan chess are now among activities ____94____have been included in regional ethnic sports meets.
____95____(enrich) with natural resources such as snow-capped mountains, rivers, lakes, grasslands and forests, Tibet is an ideal place for outdoor sports, such as running, trekking, cycling and ski mountaineering, Wang Dejun, spokesman for the regional sports bureau, told ____96____ news conference on Monday.
Participation ____97____sports throughout the region has improved ____98____ (dramatic) over the past decade, ____99____more than 997, 000people regularly taking part in physical exercise. “We expect that the outdoor sports industry ____100____ (become) a pillar industry in the region eventually and contribute to the economy, ” Wang added.
6
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填一个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
BEIJING - With the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China ___101___ (open) on Sunday, the world is paying close attention to the programs of action and important policies ___102___ will be made during the landmark event.
___103___ delivering a key report to the CPC congress, Xi Jinping said China has always been committed to ___104___ foreign policy goals of upholding (维护) world peace and promoting common ___105___ (develop), reiterating (重申) the country’s dedication (奉献) to promoting a human community with a ___106___ (share) future.
The world has once again reached ___107___ crossroads in history, and its future course will be decided by all the world’s ___108___ (people), he said.
In the face of headwinds from setbacks in ___109___ (economy) globalization, the COVID-19 pandemic and flare-ups(冲突) of regional conflicts, global collective (集体的) efforts are ___110___ urgent need to address growing deficit in peace, development, trust and governance. Against such backdrop (背景), Xi has proposed the Global Development Initiative (GDI) and the Global Security Initiative (GSI).
Offering Chinese wisdom to human society standing at the crossroads, the two initiatives (倡议) have been greeted with applause from the international community.
7
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
The Wang Family Compound is a rare example of Chinese civilization ____111____(hand) down through the ages. Like many of the Shanxi Grand Compounds, it ____112____ (locate) in Lingshi County, 35 kilometers from the Pingyao Ancient City.
The Wang Family Compound is in fact a collection of compounds____113____ were all constructed within the limits of a tall outer wall. During the Ming and Qing ____114____ (dynasty), it was built on a truly magnificent scale on a series of hills, ____115____ (stretch) out over an area of 250,000 square meters. The whole residence ____116____ (consist) of five castles, five lanes, and five ancestral temples now.
In keeping with the residence's legendary size, the five castles were designed to____117____(symbolic) represent the five lucky animals according to traditional Chinese culture: the Dragon, the Phoenix, the Tortoise, the Qilin, and the Tiger. ____118____ short, you could say the Wang family were living in the belly of the beast!
The Wang Family Compound is not only ____119____ incredible example of residential architecture, but it is also home to a museum of architectural art. ____120____ (amaze) sculptures of stone, wood and brick can be found throughout the inside of its many courtyards.
8
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hiking tours are a kind of adventure tourism. Generally speaking, these vacations focus almost entirely ___121___ hiking from one place to another. Hiking tours can be done as a group activity or alone.
There are many different ways of organizing hiking tours. Some people like to go out into the areas where there are very few people and travel over a long ___122___ (distant )from one place to another. They usually stay in hotels overnight before ___123___ (travel) to the next place on the following day.
Guides can make hiking trips safer and more focused. Some hikers prefer to take hiking tours without guides because of costs or because they want to challenge ___124___ (they). However, employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour ___125___ (consider) as a better choice for less experienced hikers.
The activity can be very tiring, and those ___126___ are new to hiking may worry that they aren’t ___127___ (physical) able to finish the tours. Sometimes it can be helpful for people ___128___ (go) to the doctor and make sure it is safe for them to choose ___129___ difficult hike. Sometimes, a ____130____ (challenge) hike can be deadly for someone having heart disease.
9
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Farming started early in many places around the world.
The ancient farmers of Sumer in the Middle East used oxen (牛) for ploughing and had special methods to water their fields. These farming methods made it possible for ___131___ country to have large armies in ___132___ (defend) of it, which helped spread their culture.
Culture in Egypt developed for similar reasons. The Egyptians developed an ____133____ (amaze) system of watering fields from the Nile. The ability ____134____ (feed) many people from very little land around the Nile helped Egypt build a large and strong country. The Egyptians’ water systems were copied and developed by farmers around the world.
Crops like ____135____ (tomato), beans and several other plants were developed in the West. The native people in North America used a farming method ____136____ (call) “the three sisters”. These three vegetables — beans, corn and squash (瓜)— are grown together, ____137____ helps the soil stay healthy. The method is still ____138____ (wide) used today.
In Central America, the farmers of the Aztec culture cut large steps into the sides of their hills to get more farmland. Aztecs were most famous, however, ____139____ creating “floating gardens”. Wet areas around lakes couldn’t ____140____ (use) for farming, so Aztec farmers created islands on the edges of the lakes to grow crops on.
10
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The planet is facing a crisis. Overuse of resources, like fossil fuels, ____141____ (combine) with high levels of consumption of goods and the resources needed to make them, is taking our environment to a ____142____ (break)point.
We live in a disposable culture where we want to keep up ____143____ the latest trends, but at what cost? Forests ____144____ (cut) down and minerals mined for objects that will be used for a short amount of time and then thrown away.
Our consumption habits have a direct impact on the planet that we live on, and the lives in different parts of the world. Unsustainable ____145____ (consume) and production of material goods and food products leads to climate change, which in turn ____146____ (affect) countries in poverty.
Those methods are ____147____ (serious)damaging the environment. If we continue ____148____ (produce) and consume at current rates, using the same methods we will also be affected and it will lead to destructive consequences,for parts of the world already feeling the effects of climate change.
Although we may be from different countries, speak different languages ____149____ have different cultures, the planet does not recognize the differences we see in each other. Something ____150____ happens in one part of the world can have great effect on another part of the world many miles away from the event.
参考答案
一、
1. were hung
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:她卧室的窗户上挂着昨天买的漂亮窗帘。此处为全部倒装,主语some beautiful curtains与谓语动词hang构成被动关系,结合后文which were bought yesterday可知为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填were hung。
2. had been lying
【解析】考查时态。句意:刚把婴儿放在床上,怀特太太突然看到了那只宠物猫,不知道它在餐桌上躺了多久了。根据语境可知,猫在怀特太太看到它之前就已经在餐桌上躺着了,且有可能继续躺下去,因此空格处用过去完成进行时表示一个从过去的过去开始,一直持续到一个过去的时间点,且有可能继续下去的动作,因此空格处是had been lying。故填had been lying。
3. has been damaged
【解析】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:——我的车被严重损坏了。你看不到吗?——告诉我你想要什么补偿。由“what you want for the damage”可知,车已经被损坏了,空格处用现在完成时的被动语态,即have/has been done,主语car是单数,因此空格处是has been damaged。故填has been damaged。
4. ignored
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他无视所有“禁止吸烟”的标志,划了根火柴。设空处在句中作谓语,其主语为he,二者之间为主动关系,用主动语态;结合and后面的并列谓语动词struck的时态可知,此处用一般过去时。故填ignored。
5. has gained
【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的2个月里,她参加了5场比赛,总共获得了88分。根据后文over the past two months 可知,应用现在完成时主语为she,助动词用has。故填has gained。
6. is viewed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:长城是中国人建造的,被视为国家的象征。分析句子可知,空处为句子谓语动词,陈述客观事实,且主语The Great Wall和view是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is viewed。
7. based
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:这部电影是以一个真实的故事为基础的。be based on“以……为基础”是固定短语,主动形式base...on...,主语movie与base是被动关系,用被动语态,空前有is,故填based。
8. will have discovered
【解析】考查动词。句意:科学家们有可能在2040年之前找到治疗癌症的方法吗?分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语。句中的by the year 2040意为“截止到2040年”,为将来完成时的时间标志即表示科学家们在将来某一时间以前已经发现。故填will have discovered。
9. are phoning/have been phoning
【解析】考查时态。句意:自从我获奖后,我的电话就一直响个不停。人们打电话问我如何花钱。由my phone has never stopped ringing可知,人们是一直在给“我”打电话,所以这里应用现在进行时,表示目前一段时间内发生的动作。也可用现在完成进行时,表示打电话的动作从过去开始,持续到现在,并很有可能回继续下去。故填are phoning/have been phoning。
10. was being repaired
【解析】考查时态。句意:昨天你打电话给我时,碰巧我的手机正在修理。从句主语my mobile phone和从句谓语动词repair是被动关系,且repair这个动作在过去的那个时间正在进行,该空用过去进行时的被动语态,从句主语单数,从句谓语单数形式。故填was being repaired。
11. had collected
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:到亨利12岁时,他已经收集了一千多张邮票。根据时间状语By the time Henry was 12 years old可知,空处谓语动词应用过去完成时had collected,表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果。故填had collected。
12. has been acknowledged
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:迄今为止,青蒿素已被公认为一种治疗疟疾的重要新疗法。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语,所以acknowledge作本句谓语动词,它和主语Artemisinin之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态,再根据时间状语So far为现在完成时的标志词,所以应该用现在完成时,主语是Artemisinin是第三人称单数。故填has been acknowledged。
13. dates
【解析】考查时态。句意:这种传统的耕作方法至少可以追溯到20世纪30年代。根据句意,本句描述一般事实,故用一般现在时,主语This traditional farming method是单数,谓语动词应变单三,故填dates。
14. was wounded
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:他的父亲在解放战争中受了好几次伤。根据句中时间状语during the war of liberation可知,用一般过去时。主语His father与wound之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was wounded。
15. had been waiting
【解析】考查时态。句意:疯狂的粉丝们从晚上7点就开始排队,他们会一直等到电影明星到来。根据时间状语 since 7 pm 和句意可知,表示过去某一时间段内一直持续的动作,并对过去造成的影响,用过去完成进行时。故填had been waiting。
16. have been learning
【解析】考查动词。句意:在过去的十年里,我一直在学习成为一个独立的人。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语。句中over the past decade该时间标志表示动作发生在过去,且一直持续到现在,故应该使用现在完成进行时。故填have been learning。
17. will find
【解析】考查时态。句意:笔直往前走,你会发现一个大超市。分析句子结构可知本句为“祈使句+and+一般将来时”,故填will find。
18. had been regarded
【解析】考查动词。句意:到30岁时,他被认为是那个时代杰出的雕塑家之一。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语,句中的by the time he was 30为过去完成时的时间标志,即表示动作发生在过去的过去。同时he与regard之间为被动关系,故使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been regarded。
19. breathes
【解析】考查动词。句意:当我的同学陷入恐慌时,他通常呼吸急促。根据副词 usually和从句可知,用一般现在时。主语是My classmate ,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据句意,故填breathes。
20. is coming
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意:我们学校下星期就要开运动会了,让我们锻炼一下为运动会做准备吧。根据“next week”可知,此处表示较近的将来,且动词come意为“到来”,为位移动词,所以应用现在进行时表将来。主语sports meeting为第三人称单数。故填is coming。
21. are leaving
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意:他们明天要出发去北京。分析句子可知,tomorrow表将来且leave为转移动词,可使用现在进行时表将来。故填are leaving。
22. estimated
【解析】考查被动语态和固定句型。句意:据估计,超过50%的人口无法获得基本卫生保健。分析句子可知,该句为主语从句,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句,主语it和动词estimate为动宾关系,要使用被动语态。故填estimated。
23. prohibited
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:我的建议是,该领域的任何类型的研究都应该被禁止。分析句子可知,主语research和动词prohibit为动宾关系,应使用被动语态,已有情态动词should和be,需使用提示词的过去分词形式。故填prohibited。
24. will acquire
【解析】考查一般将来时。句意:你读的书越多,你获得的词汇量就会越大。这是一个the more…the more句型,时态的选择与条件句(从句用一般现在时表将来,主句还是用一般将来时)相似。前边的the more相当于条件(使用的一般现在时),后边的the more是结果,应使用一般将来时。故填will acquire。
25. was struck
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:当我近距离观察它时,我被画上的小区域的光线所震撼,以及人物柔软的边缘似乎混合在一起的方式。分析句子结构可知,本句是when引导的时间状语从句,主句中缺少谓语动词,所以strike应该做谓语,根据后文and后的并列句用的是一般过去时可知,此处也用一般过去时,根据空后的by表“被”之意可知,和主语I之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态。故填was struck。
26. buried
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:如果发生雪崩,滑雪者可能会被雪活埋。根据句意和所给动词bury以及空格前的be动词可知,空格处应该填入bury的过去分词形式buried构成被动语态。故填buried。
27. had left
【解析】考查时态和固定句型。句意:这是她第一次离开中国。It was the first time that sb. had done是固定句型,意为“这是某人第一次做某事”,因此空格处是had left,故填had left。
28. am taking/am going to take
【解析】考查时态。句意:我明天要带我的家人去上海迪士尼乐园。根据句意可知,“带我的家人去上海迪士尼乐园”是计划好将要去做的事情,可用现在进行时be taking...或be going to take...结构表示将来;主语是I,系动词用am。故填am taking/am going to take。
29. are going/will go
【解析】考查时态。句意:我们半小时后出去。请确保一切准备就绪。结合语境和时间状语in half an hour可知,“出去”的动作还未发生,应用一般将来时;go是位移动词,也可用进行时表将来。故填are going/will go。
30. leaves
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我们的火车9点出发,因此我们还有一个小时。结合语境可知,“出发”发生在将来;根据时刻表运行的交通工具,用一般现在时表将来,主语是第三人称单数。故填leaves。
31. is recognised
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:西班牙语在秘鲁被公认为官方语言,因为西班牙在16世纪控制了西班牙语,并统治到1821年。分析句子可知,设空处是句子谓语部分表示“被认为是”应使用固定短语be recognised as,陈述客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语是Spanish,故填is recognised。
32. had begun
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:当他们到达剧院时,演出已经开始了。根据句意及“When they got to the theatre”可知,“他们到达剧院”是发生在过去的事情,“演出开始”是在此之前,即发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。故填had begun。
33. was preparing
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:秘书正在准备报告时,电话铃响了。be doing...when...是固定句型,意为“正在做某事,此时……”,由rang可知,空格处是过去进行时,主语secretary是单数,因此空格处是was preparing。故填was preparing。
34. was blessed
【解析】考查固定短语和时态。句意:当我高中毕业的时候,我有幸成了我家第一个有机会上大学的人。分析句子结构,所填词应该是谓语动词;短语be blessed with 意为“幸运地享有,有幸得到”;根据时间状语从句的时态graduated可知,应该用一般过去时,故填was blessed。
35. impressed
【解析】考查一般过去时和主语从句。句意:给我印象最深的是,每当他出现在别人面前时,他总是带着灿烂的微笑。分析句子可知,空处为what引导的主语从句的谓语动词,根据主句谓语动词was可知,本句描述的是过去事实,应用一般过去时,所以空处应填impressed,表示“使留下深刻印象”。故填impressed。
36. had visited
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我很幸运因为那是我第二次拜访俄罗斯了。根据固定句型“It was the+序数词+…time that sb. had done”可知,这里要使用过去完成时态,故填had visited。
37. are praised
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:表扬不仅会给那些被表扬的人带来快乐,也会给表扬者带来快乐。分析句子成分并翻译语境可知,先行词是those,在定语从句中做主语,故从句谓语动词与those一致,与praise之间为被动关系,结合前后文可知此处使用一般现在时。因此使用praise的一般现在时被动语态形式are praised。故填are praised。
38. strengthen
【解析】考查动词。句意:面对面交谈会拉近你们之间的距离,也会加强你们之间的关系。作谓语,应用动词strengthen,结合上文will可知为一般将来时。故填strengthen。
39. was distributed
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:这种动物分布在中国的中原地区,那里是中国文明的发源地。根据句中“where Chinese civilization originated”可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,且主语The animal与动词distribute之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was distributed。
40. was exploring
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当他在探索大海时,他拍了很多照片。根据句意及he took a lot of pictures可知,此处陈述过去正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时。故填was exploring。
41. has been helping
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:到现在为止,他一直在为那些无家可归的人提供安全的住所。设空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语 till now(直到现在),表示动作从过去一致持续到现在并将继续持续下去,应用现在完成进行时,主语为he,结合主谓一致。故填has been helping。
42. have been applied
【解析】考查动词。句意:在过去的十年中,许多科学发现已应用于工业。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语。句中in the past decade为现在完成时的时间标志,apply为动词,意为“应用,申请”,discoveries与其之间是被动关系,故使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been applied。
43. are
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一项调查显示,本市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词,主句为一般现在时,从句陈述客观事实,也用一般现在时;从句主语the middle-aged(中年人)指代一类人,是复数概念,故谓语动词用复数形式。综上,故填are。
44. swung
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这位著名的明星一看到他的粉丝就挥动双臂。分析句意再根据下文的saw可知,本句的时态应该用一般过去时,所以空格处应该用动词的过去式形式。故填swung。
45. will set
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——嗨,露西!你周末的计划是什么?——我要去长沙看红叶。根据“plan for the weekend”可知,此处使用一般将来时。故填will set。
46. (should) be checked
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意:强烈建议机器每月检查一次。It is strongly recommended that...为固定句型,it为形式主语,that引导主语从句,根据关键词recommend可知,that从句使用虚拟语气,谓语动词使用should+动词原形,should可以省略,the machines和check为被动关系,需用被动语态。故填(should) be checked。
47. be developed/should be developed
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意:经理提出了联合开发新项目的建议。proposal意为“提议”,其后的that同位语从句中要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气,should可以省略,项目是被开发,因此空格处用被动语态,即(should) be developed,故填(should) be developed。
48. are/were
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:你而不是玛丽,没有按时完成工作,应该受到责备。结合句意可知,此处可用一般现在时或一般过去时;rather than连接两个主语时,谓语动词由前面的词you来决定,故be动词用are或were。故填are/were。
49. proved
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当调查结果公布后,我的担忧被证明是不必要的。设空处为谓语,根据上文可知,应用一般过去时,prove在本句中意为“证明是”,是系动词,后接形容词作表语。故填proved。
50. were crowded
【解析】考查固定短语和时态。句意:今年夏天,一些主要的旅游景点都挤满了游客。短语be crowded with,意为“充满,满是”,符合句意,根据this summer可知应用一般过去时,主语是复数,谓语也要用复数形式,故填were crowded。
二、
1
51. thinking 52. famous 53. and 54. which 55. finally 56. it 57. the 58. was tested 59. had faced 60. champions
【解析】这是一篇记叙文,文章主要介绍了中国女排教练郎平的职业生涯。
51. 考查动名词。句意:一提到排球,我们就会情不自禁地想到郎平。can’t help doing sth情不自禁做某事,故填thinking。
52. 考查形容词。句意:郎平曾经是一位著名的运动员。此处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词player,famous著名的,形容词。故填famous。
53. 考查连词。句意:现在她也被称为为我们国家带来荣誉和荣耀的教练。名词honor和glory是并列关系,应用and连接。故填and。
54. 考查定语从句。句意:在她的带领下,中国女排在2019年获得了世界冠军,这使全国上下兴奋不已。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的句子,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导。故填which。
55. 考查副词。句意:她十几岁就开始打排球,最后在1978年加入了国家队。此处作状语,应用副词finally“最后”。故填finally。
56. 考查it用法。句意:她的身高使她打好排球成为可能。分析句子可知,空处是形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式to play volleyball well,应用it作形式宾语。故填it。
57. 考查定冠词。句意:郎平和她的队友们打得非常好,在20世纪80年代多次获得金牌。in the 1980s在20世纪80年代,固定用法。故填the。
58. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:当中国队备战2015年世界杯时,她的决心受到了考验。根据When引导的时间状语从句可知,句子是描述过去发生的事情,且主语determination和动词test之间是被动关系,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是不可数名词,be动词用was。故填was tested。
59. 考查过去完成时。句意:她以前也遇到过困难,她知道如果年轻的队员们齐心协力就能赢。结合上下文及before可知,句子是描述过去发生的事情,此处指“她在此之前也遇到过困难”,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时。故填had faced。
60. 考查名词复数。句意:两周后,他们成为了世界冠军!champion冠军,是可数名词,由主语they可知此处应用复数形式。故填champions。
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61. teenagers 62. to 63. thirds 64. While/Although/Though 65. anxious 66. concerned 67. that 68. What 69. responsibility 70. to ignore
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了年轻人所面临的一些问题并提出解决意见。
61. 考查名词复数。句意:在参加了一个学校项目后,我被迫写下了“年轻人面临的十大问题”,在那里我有机会与许多青少年互动。根据前文with many可知,此处应用其名词的复数形式,作介词宾语。故填teenagers。
62. 考查介词。句意:每次对话都只是在问题列表上增加了一项。add…to…“将……增加到……,把……添加到……”是固定搭配,符合句意。故填to。
63. 考查数词。句意:大约三分之二的9到12年级的女孩“担心自己的外表”。“基数词+序数词”表达分数,符合句意,分子大于一,做分母的序数词应用复数。故填thirds。
64. 考查连词。句意:尽管在对学校的担忧方面没有性别差异,但女孩对与父母相处以及长大后该做什么感到焦虑。后文“girls are 5 (anxiety) about getting along with parents and what to do when they are older”和“there were no gender(性别) differences in worries about school”存在转折关系,应用连词while或although或though引导让步状语从句。句首字母大写,故填While/Although/Though。
65. 考查形容词。句意:尽管在对学校的担忧方面没有性别差异,但女孩对与父母相处以及长大后该做什么感到焦虑。be anxious about“对……感到焦虑”是固定搭配,应用其形容词anxious作表语。故填anxious。
66. 考查形容词。句意:事实证明,女孩更担心个人问题和恋爱关系,更关心自己在同龄人中的形象。be concerned about“关心”是固定搭配,应用其形容词concerned作表语。故填concerned。
67. 考查定语从句。句意:事实上,男孩比女孩更担心的唯一一件事是在体育活动中取得成功。分析可知,此处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为the only thing,关系代词that引导从句,在从句中作宾语。定语从句中,当先行词是物,而又被the only 修饰时,关系代词只能用that,不能用which。故填that。
68. 考查主语从句。句意:父母需要做的是寻找帮助青少年的方法,并为我们现在让青少年接触到的东西承担责任。分析可知,此处引导主语从句,连接代词what引导从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“……的事”。句首字母大写,故填What。
69. 考查名词、固定短语。句意:父母需要做的是寻找帮助青少年的方法,并为我们现在让青少年接触到的东西承担责任。take responsibility for“对……负责”是固定短语,故用其名词responsibility(此处不可数)作宾语。故填responsibility。
70. 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们不能忽视父母的责任,从他们小的时候就很好地抚养他们。afford to do sth“负担得起做某事,能做某事”是固定句式,动词不定式作宾语。故填to ignore。
3
71. as 72. efficiency 73. globally 74. further 75. struggling 76. are spotted 77. which 78. passed 79. recognized 80. and/with
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是北京经济技术开发区的用水量大幅下降,自然环境和人居环境有了很大改善。
71. 考查介词。句意:北京E城的单位GDP用水量仅为北京平均水平的三分之一。be known as是固定短语,意为“被称为”,因此空格处是介词as,故填as。
72. 考查名词。句意:北京E城管理委员会的一位官员表示,该地区的用水效率是全球最高的。空格处用名词作主语,efficient的名词是efficiency,意为“效率”,是不可数名词,故填efficiency。
73. 考查副词。句意:北京E城管理委员会的一位官员表示,该地区的用水效率是全球最高的。空格处用副词globally作状语,故填globally。
74. 考查比较级。句意:在过去的十年里,北京E城进一步改善了自然环境和人居环境,力争成为理想的生活和工作场所,成为一个没有“城市病”的城区。“城市病”指的是大城市面临的交通拥堵、环境污染等问题。根据语境可知,此处表示“北京E城进一步改善了自然环境和人居环境”,空格处意为“进一步”,是比较级further,故填further。
75. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的十年里,北京E城进一步改善了自然环境和人居环境,力争成为理想的生活和工作场所,成为一个没有“城市病”的城区。“城市病”指的是大城市面临的交通拥堵、环境污染等问题。分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是has further improved,空格处用非谓语动词,Beijing E-Town和struggle之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,故填struggling。
76. 考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:每年,在曾经充满污染和难闻气味的北京Liangshui河段,都能看到一大群鸟。鸟是被发现,由Every year可知,时态用一般现在时,因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态,主语“a large group of birds”是复数,因此空格处是are spotted,故填are spotted。
77. 考查定语从句。句意:每年,在曾经充满污染和难闻气味的北京Liangshui河段,都能看到一大群鸟。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词Liangshui River是河流,因此空格处用关系代词which,故填which。
78. 考查时态。句意:经过十多年的污染治理,它于2020年通过水利部评价,被认定为中国首批示范河流之一。空格处是谓语,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式,故填passed。
79. 考查非谓语动词。句意:经过十多年的污染治理,它于2020年通过水利部评价,被认定为中国首批示范河流之一。句中谓语是passed,空格处用非谓语动词,it和recognize之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填recognized。
80. 考查介词和连词。句意:“北京E城将继续坚持以人民为中心的发展理念,促进产业增长和城市发展的结合,”北京E城的一位官员表示。the combination of sth. and/with sth.是固定用法,意为“某物和某物的结合”,因此空格处是and/with,故填and/with。
4
81. achievements 82. a 83. successfully 84. to reach/to have reached 85. which 86. starting 87. has worked 88. longer 89. was launched 90. to
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国过去十年在月球探索的成就。
81. 考查名词。句意:探索月球是我们中国人多年来追求的梦想,我们为过去十年取得的成就感到自豪。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词the,所以空处应填名词,通读全文可知,此处指下文三个阶段分别取得的成就,用复数形式。故填achievements。
82. 考查冠词。句意:2013年12月2日,作为三期探月工程第二阶段的关键部分,中国启动了嫦娥三号探月任务。分析句子结构可知,嫦娥3号,作为探月工程三个阶段中第二阶段的“一个”关键部分。表示泛指,用不定冠词,空后key为辅音音素开头,应该用a。故填a。
83. 考查副词。句意:经过约12天的战斗,嫦娥三号探测器成功在月球土壤上软着陆,成为中国首个登月航天器。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的谓语动词soft-landed,所以空处应填副词,success的副词形式是successfully。故填successfully。
84. 考查非谓语动词。句意:中国是近40年来第一个实现这一目标的国家。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词is,所以reach应该用非谓语形式,the first country后面用通常动词不定式to reach作后置定语,也可以强调已经达成这样的目标,用动词不定式的完成式to have reached。故填to reach或者to have reached。
85. 考查定语从句关系词。句意:2018年12月8日,中国向月球背面发射了第四枚月球探测器“嫦娥四号”,该探测器始终背对着地球。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,后面谓语动词faces缺少主语,即上文的the far side of the moon,因此用关系代词which。故填which。
86. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在26天的旅程中,无人飞船在月球南部盆地软着陆,开始了人类对月球鲜为人知的背面的首次近距离观察。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词made,所以start应该用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是the unmanned spacecraft,两者间是主动关系,所以用现在分词,作结果状语。故填starting。
87. 考查动词时态。句意:该任务的核心部件“玉兔二号”月球车到目前为止已经在月球上工作了近1400天,比任何其他月球车都要长。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以work作本句谓语,根据后面的时间状语so far可知,谓语动词应该用现在完成时,主语是core component为第三人称单数。故填has worked。
88. 考查形容词比较级。句意:该任务的核心部件“玉兔二号”月球车到目前为止已经在月球上工作了近1400天,比任何其他月球车都要长。根据空后的than可知,空处应该用形容词的比较级。故填longer。
89. 考查动词时态语态。句意:2020年11月24日,嫦娥五号机器人探测器从文昌发射升空,并于12月1日登陆月球。根据前面的时间状语及后面并列的谓语动词时态可知,本题应该用一般过去时,并且嫦娥5号是“被发射”,因此用一般过去时的被动语态,主语the Chang’e 5 robotic mission为第三人称单数。故填was launched
90. 考查介词。句意:该任务于12月17日将1731克月球岩石和土壤带回地球。固定搭配bring...(back) to...“把……带回……”。故填to。
5
91. pouring/having poured 92. development 93. have been put 94. that/which 95. Enriched 96. the 97. in 98. dramatically 99. with 100. will become
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了近十年西藏自治区在体育事业上的取得的巨大进步,并且户外运动将为当地经济做出巨大贡献。
91. 考查非谓语动词。句意:政府官员本周一在拉萨举行的新闻发布会上表示,西藏自治区体育事业全面发展,将投入5.23亿元用于体育项目。本句谓语动词是has achieved, 此处需填非谓语动词作状语,pour和逻辑主语The Tibet autonomous region是主谓的关系,应用现在分词形式,结合句意也可以用现在分词的完成时态,表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前。故填pouring或having poured。
92. 考查名词。句意:作为这一历史性突破的一部分,新疆一直在努力加强民族体育的保护和传承,发展户外运动。根据the+n.+of的用法,此处应填名词development与and前的ethnic sports并列作of后的宾语,development是不可数名词。故填development。
93. 考查谓语动词。句意:目前,“拉萨放风筝”等20多个民族体育项目被列入国家文化遗产名录,“藏人摔跤”等项目被列入全国少数民族体育运动会项目。分析句子结构可知,and前的第一个并列分句中缺谓语,且时间状语为Up to now,需用现在完成时,结合句意需使用被动语态,主语为over 20 ethnic sports,是复数,主谓需保持一致。故填have been put。
94. 考查定语从句。句意:举重、藏棋等项目已列入地方民族运动会项目。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词activities,从句缺主语,先行词指物,限制性定语从句用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
95. 考查形容词。句意:西藏自治区体育局发言人王德军在周一的新闻发布会上说,西藏拥有丰富的自然资源,如雪山、河流、湖泊、草原和森林,是跑步、徒步、骑自行车和滑雪登山等户外运动的理想场所。be enriched in 是固定搭配,意为“在……方面富足”,此处形容词作状语,表示主语Tibet的特征,首字母需大写。故填Enriched。
96. 考查冠词。句意:西藏自治区体育局发言人王德军(音译)在周一的新闻发布会上说,西藏拥有丰富的自然资源,如雪山、河流、湖泊、草原和森林,是跑步、徒步、骑自行车和滑雪登山等户外运动的理想场所。此处名词前用定冠词,特指第一段中提到的新闻发布会。故填the。
97. 考查介词。句意:在过去十年中,整个地区的体育参与度有了显著提高,有超过99.7万人定期参加体育锻炼。participate in是固定短语,意为“参与”,作为名词形式后面也跟介词in,sports作其后的宾语。故填in。
98. 考查副词。句意:在过去十年中,整个地区的体育参与度有了显著提高,有超过99.7万人定期参加体育锻炼。此处has improved是谓语动词,需用副词形式修饰。故填dramatically。
99. 考查介词。句意:在过去十年中,整个地区的体育参与度有了显著提高,有超过99.7万人定期参加体育锻炼。空后taking part in是现在分词形式,属于非谓语,故空处不是引导从句,结合句意,用with的复合结构作状语,即“with+宾+宾补”的结构。故填with。
100. 考查谓语。句意:“我们预计户外运动产业最终将成为该地区的支柱产业,并为经济做出贡献,”王补充说。that引导的宾语从句中缺谓语,结合句意,需使用一般将来时。故填will become。
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101. opening 102. that/which 103. During/when/while 104. its 105. development 106. shared 107. a 108. peoples 109. economic 110. in
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了习近平主席在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会开幕式发表的重要讲话。
101. 考查非谓语动词。句意:随着中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会周日开幕,全世界都在密切关注这一具有里程碑意义的活动期间将制定的行动纲领和重要政策。分析句子结构可知,本题考查with的复合句结构,其结构为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”,在句中作状语。空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语,和宾语之间存在主动关系,所以用现在分词。故填opening。
102. 考查定语从句。句意:随着中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会周日开幕,全世界都在密切关注这一具有里程碑意义的活动期间将制定的行动纲领和重要政策。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词“the programs of action and important policies”,先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句。故填that/which。
103. 考查介词或连词。句意:在向中共代表大会提交重要报告期间,习近平总书记说中国一贯致力于维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策目标,重申中国致力于促进人类命运共同体。根据句意可知,是在向中共代表大会提交重要报告期间,所以空处可用介词during“在……期间”,后面可加动词的ing结构。when或者while“当……的时候”也可的以用到该句中,可以构成时间状语从句的省略。故填During/When/While。
104. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:在向中共代表大会提交重要报告期间,习近平总书记说中国一贯致力于维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策目标,重申中国致力于促进人类命运共同体。根据句意可知,中国一贯致力于它的外交政策,所以空处用形容词性主代词its。故填its。
105. 考查名词。句意:在向中共代表大会提交重要报告期间,习近平总书记说中国一贯致力于维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策目标,重申中国致力于促进人类命运共同体。根据空前的common可知,空处需要名词,作promoting的宾语。故填development。
106. 考查形容词。句意:在向中共代表大会提交重要报告期间,习近平总书记说中国一贯致力于维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策目标,重申中国致力于促进人类命运共同体。根据空后的future可知,空处需要形容词作定语,shared为形容词“共享的”。故填shared。
107. 考查冠词。句意:他说,世界再次走到了历史的十字路口,未来的道路将由世界各国人民决定。根据句意可知,世界再次走到了历史的一个十字路口,所以空处需要不定冠词表示泛指。空后为辅音音素开始的单词,用不定冠词a。故填a。
108. 考查可数名词的复数。句意:考查冠词。句意:他说,世界再次走到了历史的十字路口,未来的道路将由世界各国人民决定。people作为“民族”讲时,有单复数形式。根据all可知,空处需要复数形式。故填peoples。
109. 考查形容词。句意:面对经济全球化倒退、新冠肺炎大流行和区域冲突爆发带来的阻力,迫切需要全球集体努力解决和平、发展、信任和治理方面日益严重的赤字。根据空后的名词可知,空处需要形容词作定语。economic为形容词“经济的”。故填economic。
110. 考查介词。句意:面对经济全球化倒退、新冠肺炎大流行和区域冲突爆发带来的阻力,迫切需要全球集体努力解决和平、发展、信任和治理方面日益严重的赤字。be in urgent need“迫切需求”。故填in。
7
111. handed 112. is located 113. that/which 114. dynasties 115. stretching 116. consists 117. symbolically 118. In 119. an 120. Amazing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了王家大院的概况。
111. 考查动词。句意:王家大院是中华文明世代相传的一个罕见的例子。根据句意再分析句式结构可知,hand和civilization之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词handed作后置定语表示“被传递”的文明,符合语境。故填handed。
112. 考查固定短语。句意:像许多山西大院一样,它位于灵石县,距离平遥古城35公里。分析句意再根据提示词locate可知,此处用固定短语be located in表示“位于……”,又因为主语是it且描述一般事实,所以be动词用is。故填is located。
113. 考查定语从句。句意:王家大院实际上是一个建筑群的集合,它们都是在一个高大的外墙内建造的。分析句式结构可知,此处是定语从句,先行词是物,且从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that/which。
114. 考查名词。句意:在明清时期,它在一系列的山上建起了真正宏伟的规模,占地面积达25万平方米。分析句意再根据空格前的the Ming and Qing可知,此处指明清两个朝代,所以应该用名词的复数形式。故填dynasties。
115. 考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。根据句意再分析句式结构可知,stretch和主语之间是主动关系,所以用非谓语动词中的现在分词stretching表主动关系,作伴随状语,符合语境。故填stretching。
116. 考查主谓一致。句意:整个住宅由五座城堡、五条小巷和五座祠堂组成。分析句式结构可知,空格处是谓语动词的位置,因为主语The whole residence指“整个住宅”看作一个整体,所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,故填consists。
117. 考查副词。句意:根据中国传统文化,这五座城堡被设计成象征着五种幸运的动物:龙、凤、龟、麒麟和虎。分析句式结构可知,修饰动词represent应该用副词,所以空格处应该用提示词的副词形式。故填symbolically。
118. 考查介词。句意:简言之,你可以说王家是生活在野兽的肚子里!分析句意再根据空格后的short可知,此处用介词in构成固定短语in short表示“简言之”符合语境,且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填In。
119. 考查冠词。句意:王家大院不仅是住宅建筑的典范,也是建筑艺术博物馆的所在地。分析句意可知,此处应该用不定冠词表泛指,又因为单词incredible以元音音素开头,所以应该用不定冠词an。故填an。
120. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在它的许多庭院内部,都可以找到令人惊叹的石头、木头和砖的雕塑。分析句意再根据空格后的名词短语sculptures of stone可知,此处应该用形容词amazing修饰指物的名词,表示“令人惊叹的”符合语境,且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填Amazing。
8
121. on 122. distance 123. travelling/traveling 124. themselves 125. is considered 126. who 127. physically 128. to go 129. a 130. challenging
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,文章主要向我们介绍了徒步旅行这种旅行方式,并给出了一些建议。
121. 考查介词。句意:一般说来,这些假期几乎都集中在从一个地方到另一个地方的徒步旅行上。短语focus on...表示“集中于…”。故填on。
122. 考查名词的数。句意:有些人喜欢外出到人很少的地方去,进行长途旅行。根据形容词long可知此处应用名词,distance作“距离”讲时为可数名词,冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填distance。
123. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在第二天去下一站旅游之前,他们通常在旅馆住上一晚。介词before后用所给词的动名词形式,作宾语。故填travelling/traveling。
124. 考查反身代词。句意:一些徒步者选择不用向导是因为费用问题或者他们想挑战一下自己。当宾语和主语所指相同时,宾语用反身代词。故填themselves。
125. 考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,对于缺少经验的徒步旅行者来说,在徒步旅行时雇一个可靠的向导被认为是更好的选择。本句主语employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour与consider之间为被动关系,因此应用被动语态。且结合上下文可知为一般现在时,谓语动词用单数。故填is considered。
126. 考查定语从句。句意:这项活动可能会令人很疲惫,那些徒步旅行新手可能担心他们的身体不能完成这些旅行。本句为定语从句修饰先行词those,当先行词为those,且在从句中作主语指人时,关系代词只能用who。故填who。
127. 考查副词。句意:这项活动可能会令人很疲惫,那些徒步旅行新手可能担心他们的身体不能完成这些旅行。此处修饰形容词able,故用副词形式。故填physically。
128. 考查非谓语动词。句意:有时人们去医生那儿核实一下他们选择一项困难的徒步旅行是否安全可能会很有用。分析句子结构可知此处为不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to go。
129. 考查冠词。句意:有时人们去医生那儿核实一下他们选择一项困难的徒步旅行是否安全可能会很有用。此处修饰可数名词hike,表泛指,且difficult为辅音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
130. 考查形容词。句意:有时,一次具有挑战性的徒步旅行对患有心脏病的人来说可能是致命的。修饰名词hike应用形容词challenging“有挑战性的”,作定语。故填challenging。
9
131. the 132. defense/defence 133. amazing 134. to feed 135. tomatoes 136. called 137. which 138. widely 139. for 140. be used
【解析】本文为说明文,介绍了世界上较早开始农业的一些文明的农耕方法,包括:苏尔美、埃及、北美洲和中美洲。
131. 考查冠词。句意:这些耕作方法使国家有可能拥有庞大的军队保卫它,这有助于传播他们的文化。country这里特指Sumer in the Middle East,古代中东地区的苏尔美,要加定冠词the。故填the。
132. 考查名词。句意:这些耕作方法使国家有可能拥有庞大的军队保卫它,这有助于传播他们的文化。in defense/defence of 为固定搭配,意为“防卫,保护”。故填defense/defence。
133. 考查非谓语动词。句意:埃及人开发了一种令人惊讶的尼罗河浇灌田地的系统。根据后面的system可知,要使用提示词的形容词形式修饰,system为物,要用amazing来修饰它。故填amazing。
134. 考查非谓语动词。 句意:这项能力养活了来自尼罗河周围狭小土地上的许多人的,帮助埃及建立了一个大而强的国家。分析句子可知,句子有谓语动词build,所给提示词要使用非谓语形式,应使用动词不定式作后置定语修饰ability。故填to feed。
135. 考查名词复数。句意:西方开发了番茄、豆类和其他几种植物等作物。根据后文beans and several other plants可知,tomato为可数名词,要使用其复数形式。故填tomatoes。
136. 考查非谓语动词。句意: 北美原住民使用一种称为“三姐妹”的耕作方法。分析句子,谓语动词为used,所给提示词要使用非谓语形式,method和call是逻辑上的动宾关系,这里要使用过去分词作method的后置定语。故填called。
137. 考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意:这三种蔬菜 - 豆类,玉米和南瓜一起种植,有助于土壤保持健康。分析句子可知,句子是非限制性定语从句,用关系代词which引导,指代前面的句子。故填which。
138. 考查副词。句意:该方法今天仍在广泛使用。修饰动词used要用其副词形式。故填widely。
139. 考查介词。句意:然而,阿兹特克人最有名的是创造了“浮动花园”。be famous for为固定搭配,意为“因……而著名”,此处缺少介词for。故填for。
140. 考查谓语动词。句意:湖泊周围的潮湿地区不能用于农业,因此阿兹特克农民在湖泊边缘建造了岛屿来种植庄稼。分析句子,couldn't为情态动词,后面要使用动词原形,主语wet areas和谓语之间是被动关系,要用被动语态。故填be used。
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141. combined 142. breaking 143. with 144. are cut 145. consumption 146. affects 147. seriously 148. to produce 149. and 150. that
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文说明人类对于自然资源的过度使用,给地球环境带来了巨大的破坏。从而使得地球反作用于人类带来的气候变化。呼吁人们要保护环境。
141. 考查过去分词。句意:地球正面临着一场危机。对化石燃料等资源的过度使用,再加上对产品和制造这些产品所需资源的大量消费,正将我们的环境推向崩溃的边缘。依据句意及空格位置,此处应当使用非谓语,化石燃料与combine之间形成被动关系,故使用过去分词形式表示被动,故填combined。
142. 考查现在分词。句意:地球正面临着一场危机。对化石燃料等资源的过度使用,再加上对产品和制造这些产品所需资源的大量消费,正将我们的环境推向崩溃的边缘。根据空格所处位置,表示正在崩溃的边缘,用现在分词。故填breaking。
143. 考查介词。句意:我们生活在一种一次性文化中,我们想要跟上最新的潮流,但是要付出代价?根据句意可知,“赶上”为固定搭配keep up with,故填with。
144. 考查时态和语态。句意:森林被砍伐,矿物被开采所制成的物品短时间被使用然后被丢弃。根据句子含义,可知森林与砍伐之间形成动宾关系,且句子使用一般现在时,故填are cut。
145. 考查名词。句意:物质产品和粮食产品的不可持续消费和生产导致气候变化,而气候变化反过来又影响贫困国家。根据前面的Unsustainable可知该处填名词,且该处与production并列,故填consumption。
146. 考查主谓一致。句意:物质产品和粮食产品的不可持续消费和生产导致气候变化,而气候变化反过来又影响贫困国家。分析句子结构可知,该空位于定语从句中,且作谓语,句子用一般现在时,且主语which指代的是climate change,故用三单形式。故填affects。
147. 考查副词。句意:这些方法严重破化了环境。根据句意可知,该空是用来修饰动词破坏的,故用副词形式,故填seriously。
148. 考查不定式。。句意:如果我们以目前的费率继续生产和消费,使用同样的方法,我们也会受影响,它将导致毁灭性的后果,世界上某些地区已经感受到他的影响了。分析句子可知,该处只能用非谓语,依据句子含义,表将来,continue to do sth “继续做某事”。故填to produce。
149. 考查并列连词。句意:尽管我们来自不同的国家,说着不同的语言,有不同的文化,地球不承认的我们在彼此身上看到的差异。根据句子含义及空格所处位置,可知应填并列连词,故填and。
150. 考查定语从句。句意:在地球某个地方发生的事情会对远离事件的另一个地方产生巨大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该空为定语从句,先行词是something,从句缺主语,只能填that。故填that。
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