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2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题八 考点10 定语从句（A卷）
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这是一份2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题八 考点10 定语从句（A卷），共5页。试卷主要包含了填空，阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.As the yungest child f his family, Lucy is always eager fr the time ________ she shuld be able t be independent.
2.I came acrss an accident. That is the reasn ________ I am s late.
3.My brther is gd at maths, s I think he is the best student ________ can help yu t wrk ut this prblem.
4.Shrt-range gals are thse ________ usually deal with current activities, which we can apply n a daily basis.
5.The nly thing ________ brightened my day was the beautifully decrated Christmas tree in ur waiting rm.
6.T thse successful deaf dancers, dancing is an activity ________ sight matters mre than hearing.
7.Mary and Jim made an appintment f an interview at 8 n Saturday mrning, ________ they wuld be free.
8.There are three peple in my family and I'm the nly ne child, ________ is very cmmn in Chinese families.
9.Many yung peple, mst f ________ were cllege graduates, headed fr remte areas t chase their dreams.
10.The ld man, fr ________ life had been very hard, dnated his pssessins t pr villages in Anhui.
二、阅读理解
In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his bk a mysterius set f symptms he was nticing amng artists: "Of the many painters I have knwn, almst all I fund unhealthy ... If we search fr the cause f the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are s ften victims f, we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."
He was ne f the first t make the cnnectin between paint and artists' health, but it wuld take centuries fr painters t switch t less-harmful materials, even as medicine gradually fund sme clues t the painters' health prblems.
The 1834 Lndn Medical and Surgical Jurnal describes sharp stmach pains ccurring in patients with n ther evidence f intestinal(肠的)disease, thus leading the authrs t suspect that this "painter's stmachache" was a "nervus affectin" f the intestine that ccurs when lead "is absrbed int the system".
Paints weren't the nly surce f saturnism(铅中毒)in past centuries, thugh. Thrugh the 1500s, lead was widely used in wine t make the wine tastes sweeter. Occasinally, lead was even used as a medicine. In the Middle Ages, lead culd be fund in makeup.
Thugh many kinds f peple fell victim t saturnism, the disease was perhaps mst widespread amng thse wh wrked with paint. The symptms f this "stmachache" ranged, but they ften included a pale face, tth lss, fatigue, painful stmach aches, and s n. In fact, the illness that many famus artists experienced didn't just prmpt their glmy wrks.
Lead pisning amng histrical figures is difficult t prve, in part because the cnditin was nt knwn r recgnized in mst f their lifetimes. We can't knw whether the madness, depressin, and illnesses many Renaissance masters experienced can be attributed t their paint r just their physilgies(生理机能).
1. In his bk, Bernardinus Ramazzini described the fllwing symptms f many painters except ______.
A. being extremely thinB. depressed feelings
C. being always inactiveD. pale appearance
2. What can we knw abut Bernardinus Ramazzini?
A. He was an Italian physicist. B. He invented less-harmful materials.
C. He made artists stp using paints.D. He thught paints d harm t health.
3. When may be the cnnectin between paint and artists' health first established?
A. In the 16th century.B. In the 18th century.
C. In the 19th century.D. In the 20th century.
4. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Lead was widely used thrughut histry in daily life.
B. Saturnism in past centuries came frm varius surces.
C. All the artists are unhealthy fr they use harmful paints.
D. Typical symptms f artists' disease may be cnnected t paints.
三、语法填空
Sima Qian, ne f the greatest histrians in Chinese histry, was brn in either 145 r 135 BC. ①_______(influence) by his father, wh was als a histrian, Sima Qian tk an interest ②_______ histry when he was a child. He learned Chinese classics frm great literary masters, and at the age f 20, he began travelling extensively acrss the cuntry. He interviewed the lcal peple t get ③_______ wide range f infrmatin. Learning and travelling were exactly ④_______ helped him in his later career as a histrian.
His father's dream was that ne day he culd write a great masterpiece recrding what had happened in histry. After his father died, Sima Qian ⑤_______ (succeed) his father as Grand Histrian, which facilitated his access t ⑥_______ (ffice) bks and files. Hwever, his wrk prved difficult, because ⑦_______ (srt) ut all the available resurces and checking facts f histrical materials required painstaking effrts. His chief cncern was whether he culd d his jb mre effectively and ⑧_______ (efficient).
As he carried n with his wrk, smething awful happened t Sima Qian. He was put in prisn, ⑨_______ he suffered a lt f pain physically and mentally. ⑩_______, he was nt defeated. He never frgt abut his father's dream, in gd times r bad times. After mre than 10 years f hard wrk, the Shiji (Recrds f the Grand Histrian), his masterpiece, was cmpleted.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:作为家里最小的孩子, Lucy总是渴望着她应该能够独立的那一刻。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"time",关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导该从句。故填when。
2.答案：why
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我遇到了一场事故。这就是我来的这么晚的原因。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"reasn",关系词在从句中作原因状语,应用why引导该从句。故填why。
3.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我哥哥擅长数学,所以我认为他是能帮助你解决这个问题的最好的学生。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"the best student",指人,关系词在从句中作主语。先行词前面有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。
4.答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:短期目标通常是那些我们可以应用日常的基本原则来处理的当前的活动。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"thse"，thse指代"Shrt-range gals"，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用thal或者which引导该从句。故填that/which。
5.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:唯一使我的一天有希望的是我们休息室里那棵装饰精美的圣诞树。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"thing",指物,关系词在从句中作主语;因先行词前有"The nly"修饰,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。
6.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:对那些成功的失聪舞者来说,舞蹈是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"activity",表示虚拟的地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导该从句。故填where。
7.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:Mary和Jim预约的面试时间是星期六上午8点,那时他们都有空。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"8 n Saturday mrning",表示时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用when引导该从句。故填when。
8.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我家有三口人,我是唯一的孩子,这(种情况)在中国的家庭很常见。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
9.答案：whm
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:许多年轻人前往偏远地区追逐他们的梦想,(他们中)大部分是大学毕业生。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"yung peple",指人,关系词在从句中作f的宾语,应用whm引导该从句。故填whm。
10.答案：whm
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:这位生活已经非常艰难的老人把自己的财产捐到了安徽省的贫困村庄。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"The ld man",指人,关系词在从句中作介词"fr"的宾语,应用关系代词whm引导该从句。故填whm。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CDBD
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段"the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings."(极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪）可知，艺术家没有的症状就是C选项。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段"we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."(我们应该进一步看到颜料的有害性质。）可知，在Bemardinus Ramazzini看来，颜料对健康是有害的。故选D。
3.细节理解题。 根据第一段"In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his bk a mysterius set f symptms he was nticing amng artists."(在1713年，意大利内科医生Bernardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征.) 和第二段"He was ne f the first t make the cnnectin between paint and artists' health"(他是第一个认为颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的人。）可知，第一次发表颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的是在1713年，即18世纪。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段"If we search fr the cause f the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are s ften victims f, we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."(如果我们要寻找画家极其消瘦和苍白的面孔，以及悲伤的情绪，我们应该只关注绘画的有害性质）可知，这篇文章以意大利内科医生Bermardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征：极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪，得出结论：颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：1. Influenced/Having been influenced2. in3. a4. what5. succeeded6. fficial7. srting8. efficiently9. where10. Hwever
解析：
这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了司马迁的生平。
【小题1】考查非谓语动词。句意:司马迁的父亲也是一位历史学家,受他的影响,司马迁从小就对历史产生了浓厚的兴趣。分析句子结构可知,此空应为非谓语动词,且与主语Sima Qian之间为被动关系,可用influenced;如果强调先受父亲的影响,司马迁后产生兴趣,可用Having been influenced表示;故填Influenced/Having been influenced。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:司马迁的父亲也是一位历史学家,受他的影响,司马迁从小就对历史产生了浓厚的兴趣。take an interest in为固定搭配,意为"对感兴趣,故填in。
【小题3】考查冠词。句意:他走访了当地人以获得广泛的信息。a wide range f为固定搭配,意为"广泛的",故填a。
【小题4】考查表语从句。句意:学习和旅行帮助他后来成为历史学家。分析句子结构可知,此句为表语从句,且表语从句中缺少主语,指物,故填what。
【小题5】考查动词时态。句意:他的父亲死后,司马迁继承他父亲的遗志,成为历史学家,这使他能够接触到官方的书籍和文件。根据时间状语"After his father died可知,此句应该用一股过去时,故填succeeded。
【小题6】考查形容词。句意:他的父亲死后,司马迁继承他父亲的伟大的历史学家,这使他能够接触到官方的书籍和文件。分析空后的bks and files'可知,此处应填形容词修饰名词,故填fficial。
【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为整理所有可用的资源和查证历史资料的事实需要艰苦的努力。分析句子结构可知,此空在句中作主语,表示一般性的行为,故用动名词,故填srting。
【小题8】考查副词。句意:他主要关心的是他能否把工作做得更有效率。分析句子结构及空前"mre effectively and'可知,此处应填副词,与effectively并列,故填efficiently.
【小题9】考查定语从句。句意:他被关进大牢,在那里他遭受了身体和精神上的巨大痛苦。分析句子结构可知,此句为定语从句,先行词为prisn'",在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
【小题10】考查副词。句意:然而,他没有被打败。分析句子逻辑可知,上句和下句为并列转折关系,空后有逗号,故填Hwever。
1.As the yungest child f his family, Lucy is always eager fr the time ________ she shuld be able t be independent.
2.I came acrss an accident. That is the reasn ________ I am s late.
3.My brther is gd at maths, s I think he is the best student ________ can help yu t wrk ut this prblem.
4.Shrt-range gals are thse ________ usually deal with current activities, which we can apply n a daily basis.
5.The nly thing ________ brightened my day was the beautifully decrated Christmas tree in ur waiting rm.
6.T thse successful deaf dancers, dancing is an activity ________ sight matters mre than hearing.
7.Mary and Jim made an appintment f an interview at 8 n Saturday mrning, ________ they wuld be free.
8.There are three peple in my family and I'm the nly ne child, ________ is very cmmn in Chinese families.
9.Many yung peple, mst f ________ were cllege graduates, headed fr remte areas t chase their dreams.
10.The ld man, fr ________ life had been very hard, dnated his pssessins t pr villages in Anhui.
二、阅读理解
In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his bk a mysterius set f symptms he was nticing amng artists: "Of the many painters I have knwn, almst all I fund unhealthy ... If we search fr the cause f the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are s ften victims f, we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."
He was ne f the first t make the cnnectin between paint and artists' health, but it wuld take centuries fr painters t switch t less-harmful materials, even as medicine gradually fund sme clues t the painters' health prblems.
The 1834 Lndn Medical and Surgical Jurnal describes sharp stmach pains ccurring in patients with n ther evidence f intestinal(肠的)disease, thus leading the authrs t suspect that this "painter's stmachache" was a "nervus affectin" f the intestine that ccurs when lead "is absrbed int the system".
Paints weren't the nly surce f saturnism(铅中毒)in past centuries, thugh. Thrugh the 1500s, lead was widely used in wine t make the wine tastes sweeter. Occasinally, lead was even used as a medicine. In the Middle Ages, lead culd be fund in makeup.
Thugh many kinds f peple fell victim t saturnism, the disease was perhaps mst widespread amng thse wh wrked with paint. The symptms f this "stmachache" ranged, but they ften included a pale face, tth lss, fatigue, painful stmach aches, and s n. In fact, the illness that many famus artists experienced didn't just prmpt their glmy wrks.
Lead pisning amng histrical figures is difficult t prve, in part because the cnditin was nt knwn r recgnized in mst f their lifetimes. We can't knw whether the madness, depressin, and illnesses many Renaissance masters experienced can be attributed t their paint r just their physilgies(生理机能).
1. In his bk, Bernardinus Ramazzini described the fllwing symptms f many painters except ______.
A. being extremely thinB. depressed feelings
C. being always inactiveD. pale appearance
2. What can we knw abut Bernardinus Ramazzini?
A. He was an Italian physicist. B. He invented less-harmful materials.
C. He made artists stp using paints.D. He thught paints d harm t health.
3. When may be the cnnectin between paint and artists' health first established?
A. In the 16th century.B. In the 18th century.
C. In the 19th century.D. In the 20th century.
4. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Lead was widely used thrughut histry in daily life.
B. Saturnism in past centuries came frm varius surces.
C. All the artists are unhealthy fr they use harmful paints.
D. Typical symptms f artists' disease may be cnnected t paints.
三、语法填空
Sima Qian, ne f the greatest histrians in Chinese histry, was brn in either 145 r 135 BC. ①_______(influence) by his father, wh was als a histrian, Sima Qian tk an interest ②_______ histry when he was a child. He learned Chinese classics frm great literary masters, and at the age f 20, he began travelling extensively acrss the cuntry. He interviewed the lcal peple t get ③_______ wide range f infrmatin. Learning and travelling were exactly ④_______ helped him in his later career as a histrian.
His father's dream was that ne day he culd write a great masterpiece recrding what had happened in histry. After his father died, Sima Qian ⑤_______ (succeed) his father as Grand Histrian, which facilitated his access t ⑥_______ (ffice) bks and files. Hwever, his wrk prved difficult, because ⑦_______ (srt) ut all the available resurces and checking facts f histrical materials required painstaking effrts. His chief cncern was whether he culd d his jb mre effectively and ⑧_______ (efficient).
As he carried n with his wrk, smething awful happened t Sima Qian. He was put in prisn, ⑨_______ he suffered a lt f pain physically and mentally. ⑩_______, he was nt defeated. He never frgt abut his father's dream, in gd times r bad times. After mre than 10 years f hard wrk, the Shiji (Recrds f the Grand Histrian), his masterpiece, was cmpleted.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:作为家里最小的孩子, Lucy总是渴望着她应该能够独立的那一刻。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"time",关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导该从句。故填when。
2.答案：why
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我遇到了一场事故。这就是我来的这么晚的原因。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"reasn",关系词在从句中作原因状语,应用why引导该从句。故填why。
3.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我哥哥擅长数学,所以我认为他是能帮助你解决这个问题的最好的学生。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"the best student",指人,关系词在从句中作主语。先行词前面有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。
4.答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:短期目标通常是那些我们可以应用日常的基本原则来处理的当前的活动。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"thse"，thse指代"Shrt-range gals"，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用thal或者which引导该从句。故填that/which。
5.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:唯一使我的一天有希望的是我们休息室里那棵装饰精美的圣诞树。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"thing",指物,关系词在从句中作主语;因先行词前有"The nly"修饰,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。
6.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:对那些成功的失聪舞者来说,舞蹈是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"activity",表示虚拟的地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导该从句。故填where。
7.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:Mary和Jim预约的面试时间是星期六上午8点,那时他们都有空。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"8 n Saturday mrning",表示时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用when引导该从句。故填when。
8.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我家有三口人,我是唯一的孩子,这(种情况)在中国的家庭很常见。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
9.答案：whm
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:许多年轻人前往偏远地区追逐他们的梦想,(他们中)大部分是大学毕业生。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"yung peple",指人,关系词在从句中作f的宾语,应用whm引导该从句。故填whm。
10.答案：whm
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:这位生活已经非常艰难的老人把自己的财产捐到了安徽省的贫困村庄。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"The ld man",指人,关系词在从句中作介词"fr"的宾语,应用关系代词whm引导该从句。故填whm。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CDBD
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段"the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings."(极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪）可知，艺术家没有的症状就是C选项。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段"we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."(我们应该进一步看到颜料的有害性质。）可知，在Bemardinus Ramazzini看来，颜料对健康是有害的。故选D。
3.细节理解题。 根据第一段"In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his bk a mysterius set f symptms he was nticing amng artists."(在1713年，意大利内科医生Bernardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征.) 和第二段"He was ne f the first t make the cnnectin between paint and artists' health"(他是第一个认为颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的人。）可知，第一次发表颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的是在1713年，即18世纪。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段"If we search fr the cause f the extremely thin and clrless appearance f the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are s ften victims f, we shuld lk n further than the harmful nature f the paint."(如果我们要寻找画家极其消瘦和苍白的面孔，以及悲伤的情绪，我们应该只关注绘画的有害性质）可知，这篇文章以意大利内科医生Bermardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征：极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪，得出结论：颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：1. Influenced/Having been influenced2. in3. a4. what5. succeeded6. fficial7. srting8. efficiently9. where10. Hwever
解析：
这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了司马迁的生平。
【小题1】考查非谓语动词。句意:司马迁的父亲也是一位历史学家,受他的影响,司马迁从小就对历史产生了浓厚的兴趣。分析句子结构可知,此空应为非谓语动词,且与主语Sima Qian之间为被动关系,可用influenced;如果强调先受父亲的影响,司马迁后产生兴趣,可用Having been influenced表示;故填Influenced/Having been influenced。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:司马迁的父亲也是一位历史学家,受他的影响,司马迁从小就对历史产生了浓厚的兴趣。take an interest in为固定搭配,意为"对感兴趣,故填in。
【小题3】考查冠词。句意:他走访了当地人以获得广泛的信息。a wide range f为固定搭配,意为"广泛的",故填a。
【小题4】考查表语从句。句意:学习和旅行帮助他后来成为历史学家。分析句子结构可知,此句为表语从句,且表语从句中缺少主语,指物,故填what。
【小题5】考查动词时态。句意:他的父亲死后,司马迁继承他父亲的遗志,成为历史学家,这使他能够接触到官方的书籍和文件。根据时间状语"After his father died可知,此句应该用一股过去时,故填succeeded。
【小题6】考查形容词。句意:他的父亲死后,司马迁继承他父亲的伟大的历史学家,这使他能够接触到官方的书籍和文件。分析空后的bks and files'可知,此处应填形容词修饰名词,故填fficial。
【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为整理所有可用的资源和查证历史资料的事实需要艰苦的努力。分析句子结构可知,此空在句中作主语,表示一般性的行为,故用动名词,故填srting。
【小题8】考查副词。句意:他主要关心的是他能否把工作做得更有效率。分析句子结构及空前"mre effectively and'可知,此处应填副词,与effectively并列,故填efficiently.
【小题9】考查定语从句。句意:他被关进大牢,在那里他遭受了身体和精神上的巨大痛苦。分析句子结构可知,此句为定语从句,先行词为prisn'",在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
【小题10】考查副词。句意:然而,他没有被打败。分析句子逻辑可知,上句和下句为并列转折关系,空后有逗号,故填Hwever。
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