英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language精品精练

Unit 4 Body Language

Part 2 Learning about Language

语法填空话题练：

Not all cultures greet each other the same way. That is, every country ___1___ (have) its own way to express feelings. People communicate with unspoken language as well as ___2___(speak) language. In Colombia, people touch one’s shoulder and kiss one on ___3 __ cheek. In Britain, people don’t touch each other. In Japan, people bow to each other when they meet. In France, people shake hands and kiss each other _4 __ (two) on each cheek. In Jordan, men nod at women. People also express their feelings ___5__ (use) unspoken language through physical __6___ (distant), actions or posture. For example, English people don’t usually stand very close to others or touch strangers. However, people from Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others very closely and are more likely ___7___ (touch) others. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in ___8___ cultures have developed.__ 9 ___ general, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of ___10___ (culture) crossroads!

培优第一阶——基础过关练

I. 单词拼写          

1．Food deliveries and single-use plastics may p________ threats to the environment.

3．We have had several preliminary sittings in various _____________(姿势).

4．Xi’an __________(事变) had a deep influence on him at that time.

5．A careful ____________(评定) of all students’ work is made by the head teacher.

6．However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large ________ (试用，实验) because research resources were limited.

7．Rubbish can absolutely ________ (造成) a threat to marine life when sea animals mistake plastics for food.

II. 选词填空

1．The boat is floating on the river________shaking from side to side.

2．Can you send me your exact________so that I can find you accordingly?

3．He decided to make a________apology for his improper behavior that day.

4．Tim had no solution to the mystery, and ________ he asked the expert for advice

5．They were chosen to________ our school to participate in the national competition.

III. 单句语法填空

1．On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

2．The temperature had risen ________, but it was still very cold. (slight)

3．A third-party __________ (assess) shows that China has made remarkable progress in improving its business environment, and the process is speeding up.

4．He had developed a ____(slightly) American accent.

5．She ____________ (bend) to the ground and picked up a stone.

6．The celebrities________（pose）for a group photograph before the party.

7．A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.

8．When we got a call ________ (say)she was short­listed，we thought it was a joke.

9．We have to prevent the air from _____________(pollute).  

10．It’s no use _____________(complain) without taking action.

11．We found it no good_____________(make) fun of others.

12．The flowers need _____________(water).  

IV. 翻译句子

1．We make assessments and references from body language, and according to these judgments, we approve of one person and dislike another.（英译汉）

2．We all believe that if a book is interesting,   it will surely interest the readers. (英译汉)

3. When the girl got back home from work she saw a message pinned to the door reading “Sorry to miss you;   I will call later.” (英译汉)

4．Mr White,   tired of the boring TV play,   started to read a novel. (英译汉)

5．The purpose of new teaching method is making study easier, not making it more difficult. (英译汉)

培优第二阶——拓展培优练

阅读理解

（2021·全国·高二课时练习）A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers from the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, an online database for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to look for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.

They found that almost all of the categories showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.

“It is a steady and continuous decline,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”

Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behavior: the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events. During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached its highest point that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. Then, in 1941, the ratio plunged at the height of World War II.

Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the opposite could be true. “It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”

1．The study was carried out by way of_________.

A．scanning the books with an online scanner B．counting the number of words in the books

C．searching digitized texts for emotional words D．analyzing different topics of the books

2．Which of the following is one of the research findings?

A．Usage decreased in all the categories of mood words.

B．Usage of most mood words kept falling over time.

C．The decline was caused by the rise of other media.

D．The unfavorable position of literature led to the decline.

3．What does the underlined word “plunged” probably mean?

A．increased B．changed C．dropped D．twisted

4．The researchers suspect that _______________.

A．their research result reflected wider social trends.

B．their research result was the contrary of social trends.

C．there was a suppression of desire in Elizabethan English life.

D．catwalk models reflect the population better than songs and books.

语法填空

（2021·全国·高二课时练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。

Learning any language needs practice-lots of practise! It is of great ____27____ (significant) to practise English on a daily basis, ____28____ will help you make it a habit to study English.

Listen to and read English every day. There ____29____ (be) a number of beginner-level listening and reading materials that you can use. Books ____30____ (write) for children are also a great idea.

Open your mouth and speak even if you only speak to ____31____ (you). Speak out loud. Try to quickly summarize ____32____ you have heard or read. Of course, it’s better if you can do this ____33____ a friend. Find a friend and talk in English together a few times a week.

Take thirty minutes every day ____34____ at least four times a week ____35____ (practise) your English! If you continue to do this, you ______36______ (find) how amazingly your English improves!

培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵

阅读理解

（2022·上海·模拟预测）          A Universal Greeting: Shaking Hands

A handshake seems to be a normal gesture. In fact, in the 9th century BC, an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser III clearly shows two figures holding hands.The Iliad,usually dated to the 8th century BC, mentions that two characters “taking each other's hands and expressing their loyalty," Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It. Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.

Historians who have studied ancient etiquette books note that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between friends. But what if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier?

According to author Torbjorn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World, the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake. The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace; King Shalmaneser 111 referred to a rebellion in which he signed a treaty with the King of Babylon. In theIliad,Diomedes and Glaucus shook, hands when they realized they were guest-friends, and Diomedes declared: "Let's not try to kill each other." Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement of a conflict.

The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace. As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg — the chief authority for the history of handshaking — wrote in a chapter of ananthology called A Cultural History of Gesture,“More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues”.

One of the earliest clues he cites is a 16th-century German translation of the French writer Rabelais'sGargantua and Pantagruel.When one character meets Gargantua, Rabelais writes, “He was greeted by countless hugs and countless good days." But according to Roodenburg, the 16th-century German translation added references to shaking hands.

A popular saying suggests that Cleland's statements against bowing were actually a wish to go back to a potentially traditional method of greeting in Europe. As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical ways of greeting — like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few remote places, like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements. Around the same time, those who valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continent's hierarchy was weakened, handshaking became a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.

13．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first two paragraphs?

A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find.

B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom.

C．To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction.

D．To explain the value of handshaking in communication.

14．What can we learn about handshaking from the passage?

A．The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace.

B．Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in Holland.

C．It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement.

D．It is a common practice between people of different social positions.

15．Which of the following is similar in meaning to "anthology" in Para. 4?

A．the science of mental ability B．a collection of selected literary passages

C．a daily written record of experiences D．all the living things of a particular region

16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage?

A．The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands.

B．Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries.

C．Most Europeans prefer to shake hands rather than bow.

D．Handshakes are now common between people of different positions.

七选五

（2022·吉林吉林·三模）A few years ago, I was giving a presentation to the CEO of a company. Through the entire meeting time, the CEO sat at the conference table with his arms tightly crossed without a smile. I was sure that he was not satisfied, but later his assistant told me her boss was impressed with my presentation. Suddenly, I realized that, it was his usual behavior. ___17___ Here are three more: ignoring the context, finding meaning in a single gesture, comparing with a proper culture.

First, context is king. The same nonverbal gestures can take on totally different meanings in different contexts. You can’t really make sense of someone’s nonverbal message unless you understand the circumstances behind it. For example, if you yawn in a staff meeting because you were up early for an international business call, let people know why you’re tired. ___18___

Then, people are constantly trying to evaluate your state of mind by monitoring your body language. But often they will assign meaning to a single nonverbal gesture. Generally speaking, people take more notice of any sign that indicates you’re in a bad mood and not to be approached. ___19___ So, you may be more comfortable standing with your arms folded across your chest, but others judge that single gesture as resistant and unapproachable.

When I talk about culture, I’m referring to a set of shared values that a group of people hold. ___20___ More importantly, they are the kind of criteria by which people judge others. We all have cultural biases that regard some nonverbal behaviors as normal and right and others as strange or wrong. What’s proper and correct in one culture may be ineffective or even rude in another.

___21___ Understanding them, and trying not to make the same ones, will help you display your nonverbal ability.

A．Such values affect how members of the group think and act.

B．Nonverbal signals are very common in our daily life.

C．These are people’s most common mistakes when they read your body language.

D．As with me, when people don’t know your usual behavior they can easily jump to the wrong conclusion.

E．Without this context, you’ll look like you’re just bored.

F．If they don’t know the context, embarrassment will appear.

G．This is because the human brain pays more attention to negative messages than it does to positive ones.