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选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 A life’s work导学案及答案
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这是一份选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 A life’s work导学案及答案，共12页。
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1. （教材P17）This is what makes them s special.
2. （教材P17）A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal f sausages, eggs and cffee.
3. （教材P17）The fact was that at the age f eight, he started training in Peking Opera n a daily basis.
4. （教材P15）This devtin and hard wrk is what we see reflected within his phts.
5. （教材P17）The questin was when he started training in Peking Opera n a daily basis.
6. （教材P17）What impressed us was hw this cntributed t the develpment f Peking Opera.
观察上面句子，并分别写出加黑部分对应的句子结构：
1. what引导表语从句
2. where引导表语从句
3. that引导表语从句
4. what引导表语从句
5. when引导表语从句
6. hw引导表语从句
要点精析
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样, 表语从句位于连系动词后, 有时用as if引导。
基本结构为：主语+系动词+引导词+从句。
引导表语从句的词分为连接代词和连接副词。
1. 连接代词wh, whm, whse, what, which, whever, whatever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。
2. 连接副词where, when, hw, why在表语从句中充当状语。
3. 主语为it, as if/as thugh（好像）引导的表语从句常跟在be动词, seem, lk, taste, sund, feel, appear等动词之后。
如：This is where ur prblem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
It lks as if it is ging t rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
注意：
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.The truble is that I can’t find my way.
2.Withut his supprt, we wuldn’t be where/what we are nw.
3.This is what my father has taught me-t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
4.By bat is the nly way t get here, which is hw we arrived.
5.He gt caught in the heavy traffic. That was why he was late.
6.Energy is what makes things wrk.
7.We didn’t set ut; it was because we wanted t wait until ur mther came back.
8.The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is that ne can be entirely free frm dust.
9. It sunds as if/thugh smene is kncking at the dr.
10.What cst him his life was that he was t careless.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1.
A
（2020四川乐山高二期中）
Kbe Bryant 1. was killed (kill) in a helicpter crash n Sunday in Califrnia, alng with his 13-year-ld daughter Gianna and seven ther peple. It is knwn that the helicpter2. carrying (carry) Kbe and the thers crashed int a hilly area in 3. fggy (fg) cnditins, and the cause f the crash is still 4. under investigatin. Kbe was 5. widely (wide) cnsidered ne f the greatest basketball players f his generatin during his 20-year career with the Ls Angeles Lakers. After the tragic accident, many 6. celebrities (celebrity) shwed their great grief ver the 7. lss (lse) f the great basketball player. An fficer f NBA Cmmissin said, “Kbe is remembered mst fr 8. inspiring (inspire) peple arund the wrld t pick up a basketball and he will always be.” One f the greatest basketball players f all time-Michael Jrdan said Kbe was a chsen ne and he wuld miss thse cnversatins with him very much. Thusands f peple gathered t remember the star utside the Staples Center in Ls Angeles, 9. where the Ls Angeles Lakers played their hme games. Frm then n, the city wuld nt be 10. what it used t be due t the death f the great basketball star.
B
（2020江苏淮安高二期中）
Online shpping addictin is an illness
The Internet has brught with 1. the cnvenience f shpping at ur leisure（闲暇） in the cmfrt f ur wn hme. Hwever, fr many, the appeal f shpping 2. bargains （物美价廉的商品） and treats can turn int an addictin. Experts believe there is a danger that nline shpping can develp int a mental illness. 3. (research) frm the Hannver Medical Schl in Germany have termed it “Buying Shpping Disrder” (BSD). They say this cnditin shuld 4. (recgnize) by the medical prfessin as an illness and shuld nt 5. (simple) be classed as ne f the varius “impulse cntrl” disrders. Psychtherapist Dr. Astrid Miller said, “It really is time 6. (accumulate) further knwledge abut BSD n the Internet.”
Dr. Miller and her clleagues 7. (cnduct) research n data frm earlier studies n cmpulsive shpping. Their research fcused n 122 patients 8. sught treatment fr BSD. Dr. Miller reprted that abut five percent f the ppulatin may be suffering frm BSD. She added yunger peple are 9. (likely) t develp it and that they experience greater levels f anxiety and depressin. Peple with BSD readily exhibit negative behavirs. These include buying expensive things they dn’t need, keeping and never 10. (use) things they rder, buying things fr instant satisfactin, and ending up in debt. BSD can destry marriages, relatinships and mental health.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.it
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网购成瘾是一种疾病。随着网络的发展, 人们喜欢在网上购买物美价廉的东西。但一些人网购成瘾, 常常在网上购买一些过于昂贵和用处不大的东西, 来获得一时的满足。
考查形式宾语。句意：互联网给我们带来了在我们自己家里舒适休闲购物的便利。介词with后接宾语, 宾语是the cnvenience f shpping at ur leisure（闲暇）in the cmfrt f ur wn hme, 因为宾语过长, 此处用形式宾语it代替。故填it。
答案：2.fr
解析：2.考查介词。句意：然而, 对许多人来说, 为了购买便宜货和美食的吸引力会变成一种瘾。由句意可知, 此处指“为了买便宜货”, 表对象用介词fr。故填fr。
答案：3.Researchers
解析：3.考查名词的数。此处用名词作主语, 意为“研究者”, 由谓语动词have termed可知, 谓语动词为复数形式, 主语也应是复数形式, 此处用名词复数形式, 首字母大写。故填Researchers。
答案：4.be recgnized
解析：4.考查动词语态。分析句子成分可知, 此处是宾语从句的谓语动词, 从句主语this cnditin和从句谓语recgnize是被动关系, 用被动语态, 从句谓语为shuld be dne形式。故填be recgnized。
答案：5.simply
解析：5.考查副词。此处用副词simply(简单地)作状语修饰动词短语be classed as。故填simply。
答案：6.t accumulate
解析：6.考查动词不定式。固定句型It is time t d sth. （是做某事的时候了）, 此处用动词不定式(t d)形式。故填t accumulate。
答案：7.cnducted
解析：7.考查时态。此处缺少谓语, 由下文的Their research fcused n和Dr. Miller reprted that…可知, 此研究发生在过去, 用一般过去时。故填cnducted。
答案：8.wh/that
解析：8.考查定语从句关系词。此处是定语从句, 先行词是122 patients, 指人, 在从句中作主语, 用关系代词wh/that。故填wh/that。
答案：9.mre likely
解析：9.考查比较级。由下文的greater可知, 此处用比较级, 表示“更可能”。故填mre likely。
答案：10.using
解析：10.考查动名词。谓语include后用动名词(ding)作宾语, 此处用动名词形式与其他动名词短语(如 buying expensive things they dn’t need)保持并列。故填using。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. acclaim n. 表扬, 赞赏
He had been wrking in the United States, where his crack hand at jet prpulsin had wn him acclaim. （教材P19）
他一直在美国工作, 在那里, 他在喷气推进方面的精湛技艺为他赢得了赞誉。
典例翻译
①Her perfrmance wn her much critical acclaim.
她的表演大获评论界赞颂。
②Critical acclaim frm peple wh dn’t knw what they’re talking abut is meaningless.
来自不懂自己在说什么的评论者们的赞扬是没意义的。
③Andy Lau is a highly acclaimed perfrmance artist.
刘德华是深获好评的表演艺术家。
④He was acclaimed as America’s greatest filmmaker.
他被赞誉为美国最伟大的电影制作人。
归纳拓展
受到广泛好评 receive/gain/win wide acclaim
来自……的好评 acclaim frm
受到高度/广泛赞扬的演出 a highly/widely acclaimed perfrmance
国际上的/公众的/评论家的赞扬 internatinal/ppular/critical acclaim
acclaim v. 给予高度评价; 称赞
被誉为 be acclaimed as
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He is nt the nly ne wh wn acclaim frm the prfessr.
②The wrk was acclaimed (acclaim)as a masterpiece.
③His paintings have been widely acclaimed (acclaim).
（2）完成句子
④这位裁判受到广泛好评。
The judge gained wide acclaim .
⑤这部电影深得评论界和公众的赞扬。
The film met with cnsiderable critical and public acclaim .
2. harsh adj. 恶劣的, 艰苦的, 严峻的
The 23 scientists and many mre like them vercame harsh cnditins and dedicated much f their lives t their wrk. （教材P19）
23位科学家和更多像他们一样的人克服了恶劣的条件, 把他们一生的大部分时间奉献给了自己的工作。
典例翻译
①The clur is very harsh.
那颜色很刺眼。
②The clth is harsh t the tuch.
这块布料摸上去很粗糙。
③The punishment was t harsh fr him.
这种惩罚对他来说太严厉了。
④He is t harsh with the children.
他对孩子太严厉了。
归纳拓展
刺耳 be harsh t the ear
味涩 be harsh t the taste
摸上去粗糙 be harsh t the tuch
对……严厉 be harsh with
易混辨析
harsh, rugh, rude
这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：
学以致用
完成句子
①那噪声很刺耳。
The nise is harsh t the ear .
②许多粗野的男人都被其妻子教化。
Many a rugh man has been civilized by his wife.
③怀特先生对他如此无礼, 使我们都感到惊异。
All f us were astnished that Mr. White was s rude t him .
④不要对小孩这样凶。
Dn’t be s rugh n the child.
3. back dwn 放弃, 退让, 认输
Spending years apart frm his family and enduring the extreme cnditins f the Gbi desert, he refused t back dwn frm his respnsibilities and kept n cnducting scientific research. （教材P19）
多年不与他的家人在一起, 忍受着戈壁沙漠的极端条件, 他拒绝放弃自己的责任, 继续进行科学研究。
典例翻译
①He frced his ppnent t back dwn.
他迫使他的对手让步。
②Dn’t back ff.
别打退堂鼓。
③He likes sitting in the back f the classrm.
他喜欢坐在教室的后面。
④He backed up his arguments with facts.
他以事实支持自己的论点。
归纳拓展
后退 back away
后面是, 背靠着 back nt
支持; 为……作证 back up
打退堂鼓; 停止威胁 back ff
back n. 背, 背部; 后部, 背面
仰卧 lie n ne’s back
坐在后面 sit in the back
学以致用
单句填空
①The pliceman wuldn’t have believed me if yu hadn’t backed me up .
②Back ff ! There’s n need t yell at me.
③We chse this huse because the garden backs nt the tennis curts.
④The crwd backed away t let the wunded man pass thrugh.
⑤D yu lie n yur back r yur frnt?
4. think utside the bx 不拘一格地思考, 跳出框框思考
Tgether, they thught utside the bx and brke new grund, leading t the breakthrugh f the hydrgen bmb. （教材P19）
他们一起跳出思维定式, 开辟了新的领域, 促成了氢弹的突破。
典例翻译
①We think highly f their research in this field.
我们对他们在这个领域的研究评价很高。
②Think ver and yu’ll find ut that yu are wrng.
仔细想想, 你就会发现你错了。
③What d yu think f the pems the teacher recmmended t yu?
你认为老师向你推荐的那些诗怎么样？
④Lst in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
由于陷入沉思, 他几乎撞到面前的车子。
归纳拓展
记起, 想起; 考虑; 想象; 关心 think f
考虑 think abut
仔细考虑; 重新考虑 think ver
高度评价, 钦佩 think highly f
thught n. 思考; 考虑
认真考虑, 思考 give thught t
一想到……（就） at the thught f
陷入沉思 lst in thught
不假思索; 立即 withut a secnd thught
学以致用
完成句子
①他们立即开除了他。
They fired him withut a secnd thught .
②在旅游时一定要注意保护环境并关心他人。
Be sure t pay attentin t prtecting the envirnment and think f thers when/while traveling.
③当一个志愿者生病时, 我接替了她的任务。那些美国学生都很钦佩我。
When a vlunteer was ill, I tk ver the task frm her. Thse American students thught very highly f me.
重点句型
过去完成进行时
He had been wrking in the United States, where his crack hand at jet prpulsin had wn him acclaim. （教材P19）
他一直在美国工作, 在那里, 他在喷气推进方面的精湛技艺为他赢得了赞誉。
典例翻译
①I had been lking fr it fr days befre I fund it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
②Yu had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③I had nly been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚读了几分钟他就进来了。
④I had been sleeping when my friend telephned me.
我正在睡觉时, 我的朋友给我打电话。
归纳拓展
（1）表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始, 一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样, 过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
（2）表示延续的动作或状态。
（3）常用于间接引语中。
（4）接具有“突然”之意的when从句。
学以致用
单句填空
①They had nly been waiting (wait) fr the bus a few mments when it came.
②Recently I fund he had been mentining (mentin) yur name t me all the time.
③The dctr asked what he had been eating (eat) in the past 3 weeks.
④I asked where they had been staying (stay) all thse days.引导词
所作成分
例句
that
不作任何成分
The tragedy f the wrld is that thse wh are imaginative have but slight experience, and thse wh are experienced have feeble imaginatin.
世界的悲剧就在于有想象力的人缺乏经验, 而有经验的人缺乏想象力。
what/whatever
主语、宾语、表语
Experience is what yu get when yu dn’t get what yu want.
经验是当你没得到想得到之物时所得到的东西。
whether
不作任何成分
My questin is whether we can raise enugh mney.
我的问题是我们能否筹集到足够的资金。
when
时间状语
True knwledge is when ne knws the limitatins f ne’s knwledge.
知之为知之, 不知为不知, 是知也。
Happiness is when what yu think, what yu say, and what yu d are in harmny.
幸福就是你的所想、所说和所做的和谐统一。
where
地点状语
Misfrtune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfrtune underlies.
祸兮, 福之所依; 福兮, 祸之所伏。
hw
方式状语
That was hw he managed t slve the prblem.
那就是他解决问题的方式。
why
原因状语
That is why he tried his best t get in tuch with yu.
那就是他想办法和你联系的原因。
wh/whever
主语
The questin is wh will ffer t help.
问题是谁愿意主动提供帮助。
which
定语
What cncerns parents mst is which activity benefits the children mst.
家长最关注的是哪种活动对孩子们最有益。
whse
定语
The issue is whse design is ppular with mst students.
问题是谁的设计受大多数学生的欢迎。
because
不作任何成分
This is because he didn’t attend the class the ther day.
这是因为他几天前没有上课。
as if/thugh
不作任何成分
When put half in the water, the chpstick lks as if it were brken. 放在水中一半时, 这根筷子看起来像是断了一样。
注意点
例句
引导表语从句的that, 不作任何成分, 但不能省略
What excited me mst was that we finished ur wrk ahead f time.
最令我兴奋的是我们提前完成了工作。
表示“是否”时, 用whether不用if
My questin is whether they will satisfy ur demands.
我的问题是他们能否满足我们的要求。
the reasn作主语时, 表语从句用that引导, 即the reasn is that…
The reasn why yu didn’t pass the driving test was that yu hadn’t practiced enugh.
你没有拿到驾照的原因是没有进行足够的练习。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, lk等
It seems that he didn’t agree with us.
他似乎不同意我们的看法。
表示命令、请求、建议的词作主语时, 表语从句中的谓语动词用“shuld+动词原形”, shuld可以省略
My suggestin is that they shuld make a plan befre they start the prject.
我的建议是在他们开始这个项目前要制订一个计划。
rugh
强调言行是粗野的、不温和的。
rude
强调其源于受教育水平差、文化低、不尊重别人。
harsh
侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、刺激性强。
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1. （教材P17）This is what makes them s special.
2. （教材P17）A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal f sausages, eggs and cffee.
3. （教材P17）The fact was that at the age f eight, he started training in Peking Opera n a daily basis.
4. （教材P15）This devtin and hard wrk is what we see reflected within his phts.
5. （教材P17）The questin was when he started training in Peking Opera n a daily basis.
6. （教材P17）What impressed us was hw this cntributed t the develpment f Peking Opera.
观察上面句子，并分别写出加黑部分对应的句子结构：
1. what引导表语从句
2. where引导表语从句
3. that引导表语从句
4. what引导表语从句
5. when引导表语从句
6. hw引导表语从句
要点精析
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样, 表语从句位于连系动词后, 有时用as if引导。
基本结构为：主语+系动词+引导词+从句。
引导表语从句的词分为连接代词和连接副词。
1. 连接代词wh, whm, whse, what, which, whever, whatever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。
2. 连接副词where, when, hw, why在表语从句中充当状语。
3. 主语为it, as if/as thugh（好像）引导的表语从句常跟在be动词, seem, lk, taste, sund, feel, appear等动词之后。
如：This is where ur prblem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
It lks as if it is ging t rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
注意：
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.The truble is that I can’t find my way.
2.Withut his supprt, we wuldn’t be where/what we are nw.
3.This is what my father has taught me-t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
4.By bat is the nly way t get here, which is hw we arrived.
5.He gt caught in the heavy traffic. That was why he was late.
6.Energy is what makes things wrk.
7.We didn’t set ut; it was because we wanted t wait until ur mther came back.
8.The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is that ne can be entirely free frm dust.
9. It sunds as if/thugh smene is kncking at the dr.
10.What cst him his life was that he was t careless.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1.
A
（2020四川乐山高二期中）
Kbe Bryant 1. was killed (kill) in a helicpter crash n Sunday in Califrnia, alng with his 13-year-ld daughter Gianna and seven ther peple. It is knwn that the helicpter2. carrying (carry) Kbe and the thers crashed int a hilly area in 3. fggy (fg) cnditins, and the cause f the crash is still 4. under investigatin. Kbe was 5. widely (wide) cnsidered ne f the greatest basketball players f his generatin during his 20-year career with the Ls Angeles Lakers. After the tragic accident, many 6. celebrities (celebrity) shwed their great grief ver the 7. lss (lse) f the great basketball player. An fficer f NBA Cmmissin said, “Kbe is remembered mst fr 8. inspiring (inspire) peple arund the wrld t pick up a basketball and he will always be.” One f the greatest basketball players f all time-Michael Jrdan said Kbe was a chsen ne and he wuld miss thse cnversatins with him very much. Thusands f peple gathered t remember the star utside the Staples Center in Ls Angeles, 9. where the Ls Angeles Lakers played their hme games. Frm then n, the city wuld nt be 10. what it used t be due t the death f the great basketball star.
B
（2020江苏淮安高二期中）
Online shpping addictin is an illness
The Internet has brught with 1. the cnvenience f shpping at ur leisure（闲暇） in the cmfrt f ur wn hme. Hwever, fr many, the appeal f shpping 2. bargains （物美价廉的商品） and treats can turn int an addictin. Experts believe there is a danger that nline shpping can develp int a mental illness. 3. (research) frm the Hannver Medical Schl in Germany have termed it “Buying Shpping Disrder” (BSD). They say this cnditin shuld 4. (recgnize) by the medical prfessin as an illness and shuld nt 5. (simple) be classed as ne f the varius “impulse cntrl” disrders. Psychtherapist Dr. Astrid Miller said, “It really is time 6. (accumulate) further knwledge abut BSD n the Internet.”
Dr. Miller and her clleagues 7. (cnduct) research n data frm earlier studies n cmpulsive shpping. Their research fcused n 122 patients 8. sught treatment fr BSD. Dr. Miller reprted that abut five percent f the ppulatin may be suffering frm BSD. She added yunger peple are 9. (likely) t develp it and that they experience greater levels f anxiety and depressin. Peple with BSD readily exhibit negative behavirs. These include buying expensive things they dn’t need, keeping and never 10. (use) things they rder, buying things fr instant satisfactin, and ending up in debt. BSD can destry marriages, relatinships and mental health.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.it
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网购成瘾是一种疾病。随着网络的发展, 人们喜欢在网上购买物美价廉的东西。但一些人网购成瘾, 常常在网上购买一些过于昂贵和用处不大的东西, 来获得一时的满足。
考查形式宾语。句意：互联网给我们带来了在我们自己家里舒适休闲购物的便利。介词with后接宾语, 宾语是the cnvenience f shpping at ur leisure（闲暇）in the cmfrt f ur wn hme, 因为宾语过长, 此处用形式宾语it代替。故填it。
答案：2.fr
解析：2.考查介词。句意：然而, 对许多人来说, 为了购买便宜货和美食的吸引力会变成一种瘾。由句意可知, 此处指“为了买便宜货”, 表对象用介词fr。故填fr。
答案：3.Researchers
解析：3.考查名词的数。此处用名词作主语, 意为“研究者”, 由谓语动词have termed可知, 谓语动词为复数形式, 主语也应是复数形式, 此处用名词复数形式, 首字母大写。故填Researchers。
答案：4.be recgnized
解析：4.考查动词语态。分析句子成分可知, 此处是宾语从句的谓语动词, 从句主语this cnditin和从句谓语recgnize是被动关系, 用被动语态, 从句谓语为shuld be dne形式。故填be recgnized。
答案：5.simply
解析：5.考查副词。此处用副词simply(简单地)作状语修饰动词短语be classed as。故填simply。
答案：6.t accumulate
解析：6.考查动词不定式。固定句型It is time t d sth. （是做某事的时候了）, 此处用动词不定式(t d)形式。故填t accumulate。
答案：7.cnducted
解析：7.考查时态。此处缺少谓语, 由下文的Their research fcused n和Dr. Miller reprted that…可知, 此研究发生在过去, 用一般过去时。故填cnducted。
答案：8.wh/that
解析：8.考查定语从句关系词。此处是定语从句, 先行词是122 patients, 指人, 在从句中作主语, 用关系代词wh/that。故填wh/that。
答案：9.mre likely
解析：9.考查比较级。由下文的greater可知, 此处用比较级, 表示“更可能”。故填mre likely。
答案：10.using
解析：10.考查动名词。谓语include后用动名词(ding)作宾语, 此处用动名词形式与其他动名词短语(如 buying expensive things they dn’t need)保持并列。故填using。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. acclaim n. 表扬, 赞赏
He had been wrking in the United States, where his crack hand at jet prpulsin had wn him acclaim. （教材P19）
他一直在美国工作, 在那里, 他在喷气推进方面的精湛技艺为他赢得了赞誉。
典例翻译
①Her perfrmance wn her much critical acclaim.
她的表演大获评论界赞颂。
②Critical acclaim frm peple wh dn’t knw what they’re talking abut is meaningless.
来自不懂自己在说什么的评论者们的赞扬是没意义的。
③Andy Lau is a highly acclaimed perfrmance artist.
刘德华是深获好评的表演艺术家。
④He was acclaimed as America’s greatest filmmaker.
他被赞誉为美国最伟大的电影制作人。
归纳拓展
受到广泛好评 receive/gain/win wide acclaim
来自……的好评 acclaim frm
受到高度/广泛赞扬的演出 a highly/widely acclaimed perfrmance
国际上的/公众的/评论家的赞扬 internatinal/ppular/critical acclaim
acclaim v. 给予高度评价; 称赞
被誉为 be acclaimed as
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He is nt the nly ne wh wn acclaim frm the prfessr.
②The wrk was acclaimed (acclaim)as a masterpiece.
③His paintings have been widely acclaimed (acclaim).
（2）完成句子
④这位裁判受到广泛好评。
The judge gained wide acclaim .
⑤这部电影深得评论界和公众的赞扬。
The film met with cnsiderable critical and public acclaim .
2. harsh adj. 恶劣的, 艰苦的, 严峻的
The 23 scientists and many mre like them vercame harsh cnditins and dedicated much f their lives t their wrk. （教材P19）
23位科学家和更多像他们一样的人克服了恶劣的条件, 把他们一生的大部分时间奉献给了自己的工作。
典例翻译
①The clur is very harsh.
那颜色很刺眼。
②The clth is harsh t the tuch.
这块布料摸上去很粗糙。
③The punishment was t harsh fr him.
这种惩罚对他来说太严厉了。
④He is t harsh with the children.
他对孩子太严厉了。
归纳拓展
刺耳 be harsh t the ear
味涩 be harsh t the taste
摸上去粗糙 be harsh t the tuch
对……严厉 be harsh with
易混辨析
harsh, rugh, rude
这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：
学以致用
完成句子
①那噪声很刺耳。
The nise is harsh t the ear .
②许多粗野的男人都被其妻子教化。
Many a rugh man has been civilized by his wife.
③怀特先生对他如此无礼, 使我们都感到惊异。
All f us were astnished that Mr. White was s rude t him .
④不要对小孩这样凶。
Dn’t be s rugh n the child.
3. back dwn 放弃, 退让, 认输
Spending years apart frm his family and enduring the extreme cnditins f the Gbi desert, he refused t back dwn frm his respnsibilities and kept n cnducting scientific research. （教材P19）
多年不与他的家人在一起, 忍受着戈壁沙漠的极端条件, 他拒绝放弃自己的责任, 继续进行科学研究。
典例翻译
①He frced his ppnent t back dwn.
他迫使他的对手让步。
②Dn’t back ff.
别打退堂鼓。
③He likes sitting in the back f the classrm.
他喜欢坐在教室的后面。
④He backed up his arguments with facts.
他以事实支持自己的论点。
归纳拓展
后退 back away
后面是, 背靠着 back nt
支持; 为……作证 back up
打退堂鼓; 停止威胁 back ff
back n. 背, 背部; 后部, 背面
仰卧 lie n ne’s back
坐在后面 sit in the back
学以致用
单句填空
①The pliceman wuldn’t have believed me if yu hadn’t backed me up .
②Back ff ! There’s n need t yell at me.
③We chse this huse because the garden backs nt the tennis curts.
④The crwd backed away t let the wunded man pass thrugh.
⑤D yu lie n yur back r yur frnt?
4. think utside the bx 不拘一格地思考, 跳出框框思考
Tgether, they thught utside the bx and brke new grund, leading t the breakthrugh f the hydrgen bmb. （教材P19）
他们一起跳出思维定式, 开辟了新的领域, 促成了氢弹的突破。
典例翻译
①We think highly f their research in this field.
我们对他们在这个领域的研究评价很高。
②Think ver and yu’ll find ut that yu are wrng.
仔细想想, 你就会发现你错了。
③What d yu think f the pems the teacher recmmended t yu?
你认为老师向你推荐的那些诗怎么样？
④Lst in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
由于陷入沉思, 他几乎撞到面前的车子。
归纳拓展
记起, 想起; 考虑; 想象; 关心 think f
考虑 think abut
仔细考虑; 重新考虑 think ver
高度评价, 钦佩 think highly f
thught n. 思考; 考虑
认真考虑, 思考 give thught t
一想到……（就） at the thught f
陷入沉思 lst in thught
不假思索; 立即 withut a secnd thught
学以致用
完成句子
①他们立即开除了他。
They fired him withut a secnd thught .
②在旅游时一定要注意保护环境并关心他人。
Be sure t pay attentin t prtecting the envirnment and think f thers when/while traveling.
③当一个志愿者生病时, 我接替了她的任务。那些美国学生都很钦佩我。
When a vlunteer was ill, I tk ver the task frm her. Thse American students thught very highly f me.
重点句型
过去完成进行时
He had been wrking in the United States, where his crack hand at jet prpulsin had wn him acclaim. （教材P19）
他一直在美国工作, 在那里, 他在喷气推进方面的精湛技艺为他赢得了赞誉。
典例翻译
①I had been lking fr it fr days befre I fund it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
②Yu had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③I had nly been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚读了几分钟他就进来了。
④I had been sleeping when my friend telephned me.
我正在睡觉时, 我的朋友给我打电话。
归纳拓展
（1）表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始, 一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样, 过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
（2）表示延续的动作或状态。
（3）常用于间接引语中。
（4）接具有“突然”之意的when从句。
学以致用
单句填空
①They had nly been waiting (wait) fr the bus a few mments when it came.
②Recently I fund he had been mentining (mentin) yur name t me all the time.
③The dctr asked what he had been eating (eat) in the past 3 weeks.
④I asked where they had been staying (stay) all thse days.引导词
所作成分
例句
that
不作任何成分
The tragedy f the wrld is that thse wh are imaginative have but slight experience, and thse wh are experienced have feeble imaginatin.
世界的悲剧就在于有想象力的人缺乏经验, 而有经验的人缺乏想象力。
what/whatever
主语、宾语、表语
Experience is what yu get when yu dn’t get what yu want.
经验是当你没得到想得到之物时所得到的东西。
whether
不作任何成分
My questin is whether we can raise enugh mney.
我的问题是我们能否筹集到足够的资金。
when
时间状语
True knwledge is when ne knws the limitatins f ne’s knwledge.
知之为知之, 不知为不知, 是知也。
Happiness is when what yu think, what yu say, and what yu d are in harmny.
幸福就是你的所想、所说和所做的和谐统一。
where
地点状语
Misfrtune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfrtune underlies.
祸兮, 福之所依; 福兮, 祸之所伏。
hw
方式状语
That was hw he managed t slve the prblem.
那就是他解决问题的方式。
why
原因状语
That is why he tried his best t get in tuch with yu.
那就是他想办法和你联系的原因。
wh/whever
主语
The questin is wh will ffer t help.
问题是谁愿意主动提供帮助。
which
定语
What cncerns parents mst is which activity benefits the children mst.
家长最关注的是哪种活动对孩子们最有益。
whse
定语
The issue is whse design is ppular with mst students.
问题是谁的设计受大多数学生的欢迎。
because
不作任何成分
This is because he didn’t attend the class the ther day.
这是因为他几天前没有上课。
as if/thugh
不作任何成分
When put half in the water, the chpstick lks as if it were brken. 放在水中一半时, 这根筷子看起来像是断了一样。
注意点
例句
引导表语从句的that, 不作任何成分, 但不能省略
What excited me mst was that we finished ur wrk ahead f time.
最令我兴奋的是我们提前完成了工作。
表示“是否”时, 用whether不用if
My questin is whether they will satisfy ur demands.
我的问题是他们能否满足我们的要求。
the reasn作主语时, 表语从句用that引导, 即the reasn is that…
The reasn why yu didn’t pass the driving test was that yu hadn’t practiced enugh.
你没有拿到驾照的原因是没有进行足够的练习。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, lk等
It seems that he didn’t agree with us.
他似乎不同意我们的看法。
表示命令、请求、建议的词作主语时, 表语从句中的谓语动词用“shuld+动词原形”, shuld可以省略
My suggestin is that they shuld make a plan befre they start the prject.
我的建议是在他们开始这个项目前要制订一个计划。
rugh
强调言行是粗野的、不温和的。
rude
强调其源于受教育水平差、文化低、不尊重别人。
harsh
侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、刺激性强。
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