2026年中考复习专题07 动词和动词短语（课件）-2026年中考英语二轮复习专题

这是一份2026年中考复习专题07 动词和动词短语（课件）-2026年中考英语二轮复习专题，共41页。PPT课件主要包含了 课堂精讲， 备考精练， 思维导图，思维导图，课堂精讲，1及物动词，备考精练，apologize，mix，compare等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、动词的种类根据动词在句中的功能分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。1. 行为动词行为动词表示主语的动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后须接宾语，不及物动词后不可直接接宾语。
　　(2)不及物动词不及物动词不能直接跟宾语。有些不及物动词要带宾语时，须加介词后再加宾语。如：He is sitting n the sfa. 他正坐在沙发上。常见的不及物动词：
2. 连系动词连系动词有一定的词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与名词、形容词等一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。系动词可以分为三类：
3. 助动词助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，与主要动词连用构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等。常见的助动词有be，d，have，will，shall等。用法如下：
　　4. 情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。(1)情态动词的特点：①绝大多数情态动词无人称和数的变化(have t除外)。②情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，即“情态动词＋动词原形”。否定式构成是在其后面加nt，即“情态动词＋nt＋动词原形”。③个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。
(2)情态动词的分类：①只作情态动词： can，culd，may，might，must②可作情态动词，也可作实义动词： need③可作情态动词，也可作助动词： will，wuld，shall，shuld④特殊的情态动词： have t，ught t(3)情态动词的用法
can & culd①表示有能力做某事，意为“能够；会”。He can swim. 他会游泳。—Can yu sing this sng? 你会唱这首歌吗?—N，I can’t. 不，我不会。②表示许可或请求许可，意为“可以”。Can I cme in? 我能进来吗?③表示推测，一般用在疑问句或否定句中。can’t be表示否定推测，意为“不可能”。
Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗?Mr Zhang can’t be in the ffice. He has gne t the library. 张先生不可能在办公室。他已经去图书馆了。④culd为can的过去式，它可以代替can用于现在时态，但语气较为客气、委婉。Culd I brrw yur bk? 我能借一下你的书吗?
may & might①表示许可或请求许可，意为“可以”。Yu may cme if yu wish. 如果你愿意的话你可以来。May I cme in? 我能进来吗?②在回答以may提问的问句时，肯定回答一般用can或“Yes，please./Certainly./Sure./Of curse.”，否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分别选用： mustn’t/can’t/had better nt。—May I play basketball? 我能打篮球吗?—N，yu mustn’t. Yu must finish yur hmewrk first.不，你不能。你必须先完成你的家庭作业。
③表示可能性或推测，意为“可能；也许”，用于肯定句。It may rain later this afternn. 今天下午晚些时候可能会下雨。④表示祝愿。May yu have a bright future! 祝你有一个美好的未来!【辨析】may be与maybe在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，表示“可能是；也许是”，一般用在句中；maybe是副词，表示“可能；也许”，一般用在句首。He may be at hme.=Maybe he is at hme. 他可能在家。
must①意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观意识。否定形式mustn’t，意为“不要，不能，禁止”，语气强烈。We must be quiet in the library. 我们在图书馆必须保持安静。Yu mustn’t park here. 你不能在这里停车。②表示推测，意为“一定是”，一般用于肯定句中。She lks pale. She must be ill. 她看起来脸色苍白，她一定生病了。
③在回答以must提问的疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或dn’t need t/dn’t have t。—Must I d my hmewrk tnight? 我必须今晚做家庭作业吗?—Yes，yu must. 是的，你必须做。—N，yu needn’t./N，yu dn’t have/need t. 不，你不需要。
need①意为“需要；必要”，作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中。Yu needn’t wrry. 你不需要担心。Need I wash the clthes this afternn?今天下午我需要洗这些衣服吗?②在回答以need提问的疑问句时，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答用needn’t/dn’t need t/dn’t have t。—Need I finish my hmewrk n time?我需要按时完成我的家庭作业吗?—Yes，yu must. 是的，你必须。—N，yu needn’t. 不，你没必要。
【拓展】need还可作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。①如果人作主语，一般后接动词不定式，即need t d sth. 。We need t study hard t realize ur dream. 我们需要努力学习去实现我们的梦想。②如果物作主语，一般用need ding或need t be dne。The rm needs cleaning.=The rm needs t be cleaned. 房间需要被清理。
have t①意为“必须；不得不”，强调客观条件使得必须这样做。I have t see the dctr. 我不得不去看医生。②有人称、数和时态的变化。She has t give up her jb because f her illness. 由于她的疾病，她不得不放弃她的工作。The by had t g hme himself. 这个男孩不得不独自回家。
shall & shuld①shall 用于疑问句，表示征求对方意见，此时常用第一人称。Shall we sing an English sng? 我们唱首英文歌曲好吗?②shuld 意为“应该”，用于各种人称，表示根据常理认为是对的事或应该去做的事。We shuld prtect the envirnment. 我们应该保护环境。
will & wuld①will表示主语的决心或意愿。I will d my best t help yu. 我将尽我最大努力帮助你。②Wuld yu please…?意为“请你……好吗?”表示客气的请求。Wuld yu like (t d) sth. ?意为“你想要做某事/某物吗?”Wuld yu mind ding sth. ?意为“你介意做某事吗?”Wuld yu please pass me the bk?请把书递给我好吗?Wuld yu like (t eat) sme ndles?你想吃些面条吗?Wuld yu mind pening the windw?你介意打开窗户吗?
had better意为“应该；最好”，后接不带t的不定式，其用法相当于情态动词，动词had没有人称或数的变化。had better常用来提出建议。Yu had better take an umbrella. It lks like it’s ging t rain. 你最好带把伞，看起来要下雨了。Yu had better nt eat t much junk fd. It’s bad fr yur health. 你最好不要吃太多垃圾食品，这对你的健康不好。
二、动词短语由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个短语，具有动词的意义和功能，这样的短语叫动词短语，相当于一个动词。如：run ut，care abut，put ff，cme up with，lse weight，take care f，keep in tuch，have a fever，get used t等。常见的构成方式如下：
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Yu shuld ____________(aplgy) fr being rude. 2. Scientists ____________(mixture) different chemicals and ____________(cmparisn) their reactins under heat. 3. Many peple ____________(becme) hmeless and sme ____________(dead) f diseases in the fld last mnth. 4. Wuld yu please ____________(speech) slwly and ____________(explanatin) this scientific thery clearly? 
5. He desn’t __________(careful) abut what thers think and ____________(active). 6. Students wh ____________(perfrmance) well in cmmunicatin ften ____________(impressive) thers. 7. Yu can _________(discvery) new species and __________ (lck) sme nature secrets in rainfrest. 8. Peple smetimes _________________(understand) each ther withut cmmunicatin. 
misunderstand
9. If yu ________(asleep) late，will yu still _________(awake) up early fr wrk? 10. Hw heavy des a panda ____________(weight) at birth? 11. Yu can’t ____________(pleasant) everyne arund yu，s just be yurself. 12. D yu ____________(belief) that unexpected gifts ____________(surprising) children the mst? 13. We’ll _________(acrss) the bridge and _________(arrival) at the village befre sunset. 14. Great restaurants ____________(service) delicius fd，s custmers seldm ____________(cmplaint). 15. Hw d they ________(success) in wrking ut the prblem?
二、阅读理解。(2025·河北)Sme peple see ysters(牡蛎) as delicius fd. But sme raise ysters t clean up the plluted seawater. Amy，a 15-year-ld girl，is ne f them. She has wn a master yster gardener prize this year. She thinks ysters are really helpful. They are envirnmental stars.“I knew nthing abut yster gardening when I started in 2022. I learned all f this after I cmpleted a free curse abut it. The curse is abut raising ysters in cages(笼子)，” Amy says.
There used t be lts f ysters in castal waters. But their numbers have diminished. This is mainly because f sme natural disasters. Oyster gardening is a way t help. “Anyne can jin，” an yster gardening researcher Liz Black says.“Yu dn’t have t d a lt t take care f yur ysters，but the influence they have n the envirnment is huge，” Amy says.During the yster gardening seasn，Amy and her mm g t the beach. There Amy has nine cages. “Once a week I g ut there，” she says. She pulls the cages frm the water t check cnditins f the ysters.
This spring，Amy’s ysters will be big enugh t be cllected. Amy will g with Liz t pick them up. Oysters that are cllected will then be “planted” n the reefs(珊瑚礁). S far，Amy has raised mre than 1，500 ysters. She’s a great leader f yster gardening and a great supprter，t.(　　)1. What des Amy think f ysters?A.Huge.D.Delicius.
(　　)2. When did Amy get t knw abut raising ysters?A.After she jined a research team.B.After she wn a she attended a free curse.D.After she cleaned up the seawater.(　　)3. What des the underlined wrd “diminished” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?A.Grwn.D.Remained.
(　　)4. Why des Amy pull the cages ut f water weekly?A.T feed the ysters.B.T mix the check the ysters.D.T name the ysters.(　　)5. What is the best title fr the text?A.A Cage MakerB.A Master PrizeC.An Oyster FestivalD.An Oyster Gardener
三、语法填空。(2025·广东改编)Lily wrks as a main ck in a famus restaurant. It was her mm wh guided her int the wrld f cking.When she was a little girl，Lily spent a lt f time with Mm in the kitchen. She remembered that she wuld always sit there 1._________ watch Mm cking. She was curius abut 2.____________ Mm was busy with. When she was lder，she 3.____________(allw) t d easy tasks like beating eggs. Later n，while Mm was making dumplings，Lily wuld help cut vegetables 4.___________ a small knife. She als learned hw t make dumplings f 5.____________(difference) shapes. T a girl f her age，cking was real magic.