2026年中考复习专题01 名词（课件）-2026年中考英语二轮复习专题

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一、可数名词可数名词分为个体名词(如：bk，apple)和集体名词(如：family，class)。可数名词有单复数之分，单数可数名词不能单独使用，其前需要加不定冠词a/an、定冠词the、指示代词this/that、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等。1. 可数名词单复数的规则变化
　　2. 可数名词单复数的不规则变化(1)单复数形式相同，如：sheep，fish，deer 等以及汉语中的计量单位，如：jin，yuan，li。(2)改变名词中的元音字母，如：man—men，wman—wmen，ft—feet，gse—geese，tth—teeth，muse—mice。(3)词尾发生变化，如：child—children，x—xen。
(4)复合名词不规则变化：①主体名词变复数，如：girl friends，by students，pencil bxes；②由man/wman＋名词构成的复合名词变复数时，两部分都变复数，如：wmen teachers，men singers。(5)表示国籍，“某国人”：①单复数同形，如：Chinese，Japanese，Swiss。②直接加-s，如：Germans，Americans，Australians，Canadians，Indians。③以man，wman结尾的改为men，wman，如：Englishman—Englishmen，Frenchman—Frenchmen。
特别提醒：名词单数与复数的一些特殊情况(1)有些以s结尾的名词并不是名词的复数。常见的有 maths(数学)，physics(物理)，plitics(政治)，means(方法)等；但glasses，trusers，pants，shrts，clthes 只有复数形式。(2)部分集体名词既可以作单数，也可以作复数。集体名词看作整体时视为单数；看作整体中的成员时视为复数。如：class，family，team，grup，cuple。All my family enjy reading.我全家都喜欢阅读。
Almst every family in the cuntry wns a televisin.这个国家几乎每家都有一台电视机。(3)peple 作“人们”讲时是复数形式；作“民族”讲时是单数形式，其复数形式要在词尾加-s。如：The Chinese are a hard-wrking peple.中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
二、不可数名词1. 不可数名词分为物质名词(如：water，time，air)和抽象名词(如：happiness，hnesty)。
2. 不可数名词不能直接和表示数字的词或a/an连用，没有复数形式，但可以借助量词来表示数量，即“量词＋名词”，如：a piece f infrmatin/news/advice，a glass f water，tw bwls f rice，a drp f water。3. 常见的不可数名词：music，fun，news，infrmatin，advice，weather，hmewrk，air，mney，traffic，practice，prgress，furniture 等。注意：有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但表达的意义不同。如：
三、名词所有格：表示名词之间的所属关系。1. -’s所有格：用于表示人、动物等有生命的主体对某物的拥有。
2. f所有格：主要用于表示无生命的名词，其结构为“f＋名词”，如：the rf f the huse房子的 屋顶；或是名词或名词的定语(较长)，如：the pinin f the students wh attended the lecture参加讲座的学生们的观点。3. 双重所有格：构成形式为 “名词＋f＋名词性物主代词/名词所有格”，如：a teacher f mine/his/hers/yurs/urs/ theirs；sme friends f my father’s。
特别提醒：(1)表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，也可以用’s 所有格。如：tday’s newspaper 今天的报纸，the wrld’s biggest prblem 世界上最大的问题，ten minutes’ walk十分钟的步行路程，eight days’ hliday=an eight-day hliday 八天的假期。(2)有些名词是用介词 t 来表示所有格，如：the key t the dr，the way t schl，the answer t the questin，the slutin t the prblem，the key t success。
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. My father enjys cllecting ____________(watch) frm different brands. 2. We must be careful when we use ____________(knife). 3. Many ____________(cuntry) have set up varius ______________(rganize) t prtect endangered animals. 4. She enjys watching funny cat ____________(vide) nline. 5. The little by was playing with his ____________(ty) n the flr. 
rganizatins
6. ____________(giraffe) have lng ____________(neck) t reach ____________(leaf) high in the trees. 7. She bught three ____________(bx) f biscuits，a bag f ____________(ptat) and sme ____________(tmat) frm the market. 8. I saw tw ____________(deer) drinking water by the lake，and their ____________(tth) lked sharp. 9. There are a few ____________(muse) and ____________ (wlf) living in the ld huse. 
10. I saw sme _______________(Englishman) and several ____________(Germany) in the square. 11. The farmer cunted the number f ____________(sheep) and ____________(gse). 12. In the schl hall，there are 20 ________________(wman teacher) and 30_______________(girl student) preparing fr the art shw. 
wmen teachers
girl students
13. The guide tld us these ____________(her) saved many peple in the disaster and that their ____________(stry) were recrded in the lcal museum. 14. On ____________(teacher) Day，students give ___________ (flwer) t their teachers. 15. ____________(Tm) new bk is n the bx ver there，and the ____________(children) tys are in the bx. 16. We celebrate ____________(father) Day t shw lve t ur dads. 
二、阅读理解。(2025·广东)Everyne knws that frests help fight climate change. Hwever，a recent scientific reprt shws that the wrld lst 300，000 square kilmeters f frests in 2024.That’s an area abut the size f Italy.
17. The table is mre than eight ____________(ft) lng. 18. Mary is a friend f my ____________(mther). 19. The ____________ (China) Tm visited last week were very kind and friendly. 20. They are prud f being Shenzhen ____________ (city). 
Accrding t the reprt，fr the first time ever，fires were the biggest cause f frest lss.　▲　 .This cuntry has the largest area f rainfrest in the wrld.Last year，it suffered frm a lng perid f dry weather.Wildfires brke ut and spread.As a result，abut 25，000 square kilmeters f the primary rainfrest disappeared in the cuntry.This meant fires caused 66% f its frest lss. The secnd biggest cause f the wrld’s frest lss was clearing land fr farming.As peple need mre farmland，they
keep cutting dwn frests every year.In 2024，the area f frest cleared fr farming increased by 14% wrldwide.The situatin was mre severe in develping cuntries.Fr example，Blivia’s frest lss dubled in 2024.Withut dubt，smething must be dne.Experts call n gvernments，businesses and peple t wrk tgether befre it is t late.It seems that China has set a gd example.Thanks t cperatin at many levels，China had the biggest increase in frest area amng all cuntries in 2024.That year alne，
newly-planted trees in China cvered an area f nearly 45，000 square kilmeters，accrding t a news reprt.If mre cuntries start t take actin like China，the earth will becme a greener planet.
(　　)1. The size f Italy is mentined in Paragraph 1 t shw __________. A why we need frestsB.where a disaster spreadC.what climate change isD.hw terrible frest lss was
(　　)2. Which f the fllwing can be put in “　▲　” in Paragraph 2? A.Farming is a reasn.B.Take Brazil fr were stpped.D.Read the reprt carefully.(　　)3. What des the underlined wrd “severe” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Serius.　B.Bring.C.Balanced.　　D.Psitive.
(　　)4. What was the reasn fr the grwth f China’s frest area in 2024?A.Enugh land.B.Nice teamwrk.D.Green technlgy.(　　)5. What is the best title fr the passage?A.Rainfrest Became Larger　B.Farmland Area Grew RapidlyC.Frest Fires Caused Pllutin　D.Frest Lss Wrried the Wrld
三、语法填空。(2025·广东改编)Mike is a landscape architect(设计师) frm Eurpe.He came t Guangzhu 16 years ag and has never left since then.Mike says he likes Guangzhu very much 1.____________ the city is full f life.He lives in a traditinal neighbrhd. Every day，he can see his neighbrs 2.____________(play) chess in the park，dancing alng the river r chatting in the market.Mike enjys seeing these mments.He thinks the 3.____________(beautiful) f a city lies in bth its peple and
its envirnment.“When peple 4._______________(cnnect) t a place，it brings life t it，” Mike says. Recently，Mike 5.______________(frm) a habit f cycling arund t explre the city at weekends.He says he lves t see ld neighbrhds take n a new lk.Fr 6.___________ (he)，city develpment is nt abut building smething new，but abut making use f what’s already there in a 7.__________ (create) way.His favrite example is a car repair shp near his hme.As peple get tgether there at night and give sme
are cnnected