高考英语二轮-阅读理解词义猜测（4大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解词义猜测（4大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（教师版），共35页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc6719" 第一部分 易错点剖析 PAGEREF _Tc6719 \h 1
易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三
\l "_Tc403" 易错01 陌生单词猜测：选项生词或忽视语境 PAGEREF _Tc403 \h 1
易错02 陌生短语猜测：忽视语境逻辑关系4
\l "_Tc11528" 易错03 推敲代词指代：忽视就近原则7
\l "_Tc8651" 易错04 推测句子含义：忽略前后句逻辑10
\l "_Tc11195" 第二部分 易错点闯关12
闯关01猜测陌生单词两篇12
闯关02猜测陌生短语两篇16
闯关03猜测代词指代两篇21
闯关04猜词句子理解两篇25
易错01 陌生单词猜测：选项生词或忽视语境
易错典题
【例1】(2023新课标I卷第29题)
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
【解析】第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the underlined wrd, “declutter”。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
避错攻略
【错因分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
【干货必记】利用构词法猜词技能点拨
1.掌握构词法
派生词：否定前缀或后缀，与原单词构成反义词，如dis, un, in;后缀改变词性，不改变词义，如c-表示“共同”，re-表示“又,再”，trans-表示“转移”。
合成法:依据合成词组成新词，结合记一沙词义;种词性用作吴一种说性而记形不变;
转化法：形容词转化为名词；动词转化为形容词；名词转化为动词等。
2.思维导图
3.解题策略
第一步：依据题干定位相应段落。
第二步：瞻前顾后找准与题干相关的关键词、句。
第三步：通过构词法破解划线单词的字面意思，再通过语境找到最佳答案。
举一反三
1. (25-26·高三河南焦作·期末)What sets CarbnCure apart frm ther carbn capture technlgies is its scalability and cst-effectiveness. Unlike industrial facilities requiring massive infrastructure, it can be mdified int existing plants fr under $50,000. Since 2018, it has stred 1.2 millin tns f CO₂ — equivalent t taking 260,000 cars ff the rad fr a year. In Vancuver, it built the city’s tallest residential twer, cutting emissins by 15%; in Lndn, it’s used fr a new undergrund rail line, reducing cncrete-related emissins by 20%.
1. What des the underlined wrd “scalability” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Easy expansinB. Lw cst
C. High efficiencyD. Strng durability
1. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“What sets CarbnCure apart frm ther carbn capture technlgies is its scalability and cst-effectiveness. Unlike industrial facilities requiring massive infrastructure, it can be mdified int existing plants fr under $50,000.(CarbnCure与其他碳捕捉技术的不同之处在于其scalability和成本效益。与需要大规模基础设施的工业设施不同，该系统只需不到5万美元即可改造应用于现有工厂。)”可知，该系统无需新建大规模设施，能直接改造现有工厂使用，且scalability与cst-effectiveness为并列关系，结合语境可推测该词意为“易于推广、拓展”。故选A项。
2.（2026·湖南株洲·一模）The plants used t test this technique aren’t edible at present. Fan hpes t try adding such nutrient-making enzymes t crps ne day. But, Fan cautins, befre using this technique in fruits r vegetables, “we need t be very careful t ensure the safety f vegetarians’ diet.” The plants might adapt t the genes in unexpected ways.
2. What des the underlined wrd “edible” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Eatable.B. Accessible.C. Nutritius.D. Widespread.
2. 词句猜测题。根据第五段“The plants used t test this technique aren’t edible at present. Fan hpes t try adding such nutrient-making enzymes t crps ne day (目前用于测试这项技术的植物还并非edible，范希望未来能尝试将这种合成营养物质的酶植入农作物中)”，结合后文提及该技术应用于果蔬前需保障饮食安全可知，现阶段试验用的植物还不能直接用于食用，而研究的后续方向是将技术应用于可食用的农作物，由此可推断“edible”的意思是“可食用的”。故选A。
3.（2026·广东深圳·一模）An ambitius plan t genetically engineer a versin f the wlly mammth (长毛猛犸象), a giant that disappeared 4,000 years ag, is making sme prgress. A new bisciences and genetics cmpany, Clssal, has raised $15 millin t create a mammth hybrid that lks exactly like its extinct cunterpart. The gal isn’t t clne a mammth, but t create, thrugh genetic engineering, a living, walking elephant-mammth hybrid.
3. What des the underlined wrd “cunterpart” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Extracted cell.B. Fellw species.
C. Clned elephant.D. Endangered animal.
3. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“A new bisciences and genetics cmpany, Clssal, has raised $15 millin t create a mammth hybrid that lks exactly like its extinct cunterpart.(一家名为Clssal的新生物科学和基因公司已筹集1500万美元，用于培育一种外形与已灭绝的对应生物完全一致的猛犸象杂交体)”可知，杂交体的外形和已灭绝的长毛猛犸象一样，cunterpart指的是与杂交体相对应的已灭绝生物，即同类物种。故选B项。
易错02 陌生短语猜测：忽视语境逻辑关系
易错典题
【例2】(2019全国II卷B篇第25题)
I guess that there’s prbably sme demanding wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n … At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll d it.”
25. What des the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encurage team wrk. B. Appeal t feeling.
C. Prmte gd deeds. D. Prvide advice.
【答案】B
【解析】第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, underlined phrase, “tug at the heartstrings” , Paragraph 2, mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 由逻辑词“s”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appeal t feeling”意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”。
避错攻略
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, s, thus, therefre, as a result f, s that, 等标志词体现。
【干货必记】利用前后句逻辑关系猜词技能点拨

举一反三
1.（2026·四川攀枝花·一模）This realizatin has led t cunter-trends in bth educatin and business. In 2022, German sftware cmpany TechSphere GmbH started “Analg Fridays”, requiring emplyees nt t use digital tls but paper ntebks every Friday. After the plicy, surveys fund that meeting attendance went up by 19%, and emplyees reprted 27% less mental tiredness. CEO Markus Weber says, “We dn’t hate technlgy. But chsing t discnnect n purpse helps us get back ur thinking ability.” Industry reprts shw that by 2023, 12% f new cmpanies in Silicn Valley had similar rules.
1. The underlined term “cunter-trends” in Paragraph 3 refers t actins that________.
A. prmte the use f digital tls
B. study the impact f apps n learning
C. criticize the limitatins f technlgy
D. reduce screen time fr cgnitive benefits
1. 词句猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，过度使用数字工具会带来认知能力下降的负面影响，再结合第三段“In 2022, German sftware cmpany TechSphere GmbH started “Analg Fridays”, requiring emplyees nt t use digital tls but paper ntebks every Friday. After the plicy, surveys fund that meeting attendance went up by 19%, and emplyees reprted 27% less mental tiredness. (2022 年，德国软件公司 TechSphere GmbH 开启了“模拟星期五”活动，要求员工在每周五不使用电子工具，而是使用纸质笔记本。该政策实施后，调查显示会议出席率提高了 19%，员工表示精神疲劳感减少了 27%。)”等具体做法可知，cunter-trends指的是减少数字工具使用、恢复传统方法以保护认知能力的趋势。故选D。
2.（25-26高三上·河北·月考）The practical benefits f VR in healthcare are epch-making. Fr patients, interactive virtual envirnments increase engagement and mtivatin during recvery exercises. Fr medical institutins, these systems can reduce staff wrklad while prviding detailed prgress tracking. Sme VR systems have already btained fficial medical device certificatin, cnfirming their safety and effectiveness fr clinical use.
2. What des the underlined wrd “epch-making” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Official.B. Theretical.C. Substantial.D. Cntrversial.
2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Fr patients, interactive virtual envirnments increase engagement and mtivatin during recvery exercises. Fr medical institutins, these systems can reduce staff wrklad while prviding detailed prgress tracking.(对于患者来说，交互式虚拟环境提高了他们在康复训练中的参与度和积极性。对于医疗机构来说，这些系统在提供详细进展追踪的同时还能减轻工作人员的工作量)”可知，虚拟现实在医疗领域的实际益处是意义重大的。因此epch-making的意思与substantial（价值巨大的） 相近。故选C项。
3.（25-26高三上·安徽六安·月考）Innvative Chinese brands are appearing everywhere. Frm-Stckhlm t Sydney, the electric cars silently passing by are increasingly likely t be Chinese. Mixue, an ice-cream and cld drinks cmpany, has vertaken McDnald’s t becme the wrld’s largest fast-fd chain by number f utlets (分销点). It is expanding in Suth America, as is Meituan, a Beijing-based delivery app. Chagee, a chain f tea shps, is n track t have at least 1,300 stres utside China by the end f 2027, mstly in Sutheast Asia; just a few years ag, it had almst nne. Meanwhile, PpMart, a Chinese ty cmpany, has created a buzz as much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine-tthed dll, called Labubu. It is impssible nt t admire the creative frce behind these successful cmpanies.
3. What des the underlined part “created a buzz” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Caused public excitement.B. Made a lud nise.
C. Lst great ppularity.D. Received negative cmments.
3. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Meanwhile, Pp Mart, a Chinese ty cmpany, has created a buzz as much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine-tthed dlls, called Labubu.(与此同时，中国玩具公司泡泡玛特凭借其不同寻常的咧嘴露九颗牙的玩偶Labubu，引起了和迪士尼一样的……。)”可知，泡泡玛特凭借其独特的玩偶和迪士尼一样引起了公众的广泛关注和兴奋，created a buzz意思是“引起了公众的兴奋”。故选A。
易错03 推敲代词指代：忽视就近原则
易错典题
【例3】(2024·浙江1月卷B篇第24题)
When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call—nt t shelter frm the rain. Ages ag, right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse I was cnducting auditins(试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn. Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk fr me fr nthing, I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it seem a bit mre “yung prfessinal”...
24.What des the wrd “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer t?
A.The play. B.The shared huse.
C.The sfa. D.The telephne bx.
第一步：确定位置。分析句子可知, 第1段中的画线词it指代上文提到的内容。
第二步：明确含义。根据第1段中的“I was cnducting auditins fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn.”可知,作者当时在伦敦那狭小的合租房子里为自己的剧本进行试演。替换代入之后,我们可以发现,此处是指作者为了吸引一些有才华的演员免费为他工作,在沙发上铺了一些罩子,并点燃了蜡烛,试图让合租房看起来更“年轻、专业”一点。由此可知,it指代“合租房”
第四步：确定答案。根据以上分析可知,答案为B项。
【错因分析】就近寻找答案是破解代词指代题的捷径。
避错攻略
【方法总结】时间状语从句考点多，记住when和until最重要；看句型记搭配；错题积累水平高，
【干货必记】代词指代微技能点拨
1.试题特点
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、ne、thse等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/ne/thse可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。
代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。
2.思维导图
3.名师点津
一看单复数，二看最近名词，三看内容。
举一反三
1.（25-26高三上·江西鹰潭·月考）Thugh participants remembered bth types f stries equally well in the shrt term, they tended t prefer the cnceptual stries t the perceptual nes and were mre cnfident in their recllectins f them. Such preference may be especially true as peple get lder. Research shws that as peple age, they shift away frm vivid, event-specific sensry details and tward memries that grasp the main pints f what happened, shaping hw they remember what they were tld. When we're yung, “Things are really nvel. We're ging t pay attentin t everything,” Sheldn says. “But as we get lder, we use memries mre fr scial cnnectin, and we ften are recalling and describing things that we are mre familiar with.”
1. What des the underlined wrd “them” refer t in the last paragraph?
A. Cnceptual stries.B. Research steps.
C. Scial preferences.D. Perceptual stries.
1. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“Thugh participants remembered bth types f stries equally well in the shrt term, they tended t prefer the cnceptual stries t the perceptual nes and were mre cnfident in their recllectins f them. (尽管参与者在短期内对两种类型故事的记忆效果相当，但他们往往更偏爱概念性故事，对它们的回忆也更有信心。)”可知，上文说参与者短期内对两种故事的记忆效果相当，但更偏爱概念性故事，且对“它们”的回忆更有信心。结合“prefer the cnceptual stries t the perceptual nes (偏爱概念性故事而非感知性故事)”的对比关系，可推测，“them”指代前文强调的“cnceptual stries (概念性故事)”。故选A。
2.（2026·江苏南通·一模）Deema Assaf walked slwly thrugh Birgish, ne f nly a few frests in Jrdan, careful nt t step n ne f the delicate wild rchids. “We nce had thick frests,” she said. “There were elephants, rhins and the Asiatic lin, animals which used t live tgether with peple here.” She lked up at the tp f an ld ak tree and said, “Discvering that made me see the landscape frm a different perspective. It is fascinating t see the ptential if human interventin were nt affecting ecsystem negatively.”
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. The ld ak tree.B. The preservatin f frests.
C. The effects f human interventin.D. The c-existence between man and wildlife.
2. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“There were elephants, rhins and the Asiatic lin, animals which used t live tgether with peple here.(这里有大象、犀牛和亚洲狮，这些都是曾经与人类共同生活在这里的动物)”以及划线词所在句“Discvering that made me see the landscape frm a different perspective.”可知，发现那件事让她从全新的角度去看待这片景色了。故划线词that指的是“人类与野生动物的共存关系”。故选D。
3.（2025·湖北·二模）Bick’s slutin t the prblem f pest detectin is sund: Eavesdrpping n the unique vibratins (震动) that an insect makes when chewing n a plant t identify the insect itself. The Insect Eavesdrpper uses a cntact micrphne, an affrdable device that musicians ften use n instruments. A little disc sits n a slid bject – like crn – and captures the vibratins mving thrugh it, registering each ne with an electrical signal. “When crn rtwrm feeds n the rts, the vibratin translates frm the rt system t the stalk,” Bick says. “That’s where we’re picking it up. We’re using the plant as the musical instrument, as essentially the utside f a guitar.”
3. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The crn.B. The signal.
C. The system.D. The vibratin.
3. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“The Insect Eavesdrpper uses a cntact micrphne, an affrdable device that musicians ften use n instruments. A little disc sits n a slid bject – like crn – and captures the vibratins mving thrugh it, registering each ne with an electrical signal.(昆虫窃听者使用接触式麦克风，这是一种音乐家经常在乐器上使用的廉价设备。一个小圆盘放在一个固体物体上——比如玉米——捕捉通过它的振动，并将每个振动记录为电信号。)”和““When crn rtwrm feeds n the rts, the vibratin translates frm the rt system t the stalk,” Bick says. “That’s where we’re picking it up.(“当玉米根虫以根为食时，振动从根系传递到茎，”Bick说。“那正是我们捕捉到it的地方。”)”提到，当玉米根虫啃食根部时，振动从根系传递到茎秆，研究人员通过麦克风捕捉振动。由此可可知，it指代的是前文提到的“vibratin”。故选D项。
易错04 推测句子含义：忽略前后句逻辑
易错典题
【例4】(2019浙江卷阅读理解B篇第24题)
Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.”
24. What des the expressin “mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.B. Mney nt legally made.
C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.D. Mney nt tied tgether.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上用别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的mney with n strings attached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故C项正确。
【干货必记】句意猜测题技能点拨
1.题型解读
高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。句意猜测题要求考生用合适的句子解释画线句子的意思。这类题往往具有以下特点:①画线的句子有特殊含义, 或者是一个高度概括的句子;②上下文往往会对画线的句子进行解释。因此, 锁定画线句的上下文,找出意义吻合的选项是解题的关键。
2.思维导图
3.名师点津
一看句子位置，二看语境逻辑，三看褒贬性。
举一反三
1.（25-26高三上·云南昆明·月考）Capybaras are n a rll. These adrable animals have taken ver scial media — shwing up in cuntless GIFs and even inspiring a hit sng — likely because many f us lng t be as chill (悠闲自在的) as they are.
1. 词句猜测题。根据下文“These adrable animals have taken ver scial media—shwing up in cuntless GIFs and even inspiring a hit sng — likely because many f us lng t be as chill (悠闲自在的) as they are.”(这些可爱的动物已经占领了社交媒体——出现在无数动图中，甚至催生了一首热门歌曲——可能是因为我们中的许多人都渴望像他们一样悠闲自在)”可知，水豚在社交媒体上热度很高，非常受欢迎。因此猜测，划线部分Capybaras are n a rll意为“水豚正广受欢迎”。故选B。
2.（25-26高三上·四川·月考）In the new study, published in the jurnal Frest Eclgy and Management, Luke Painter and his clleagues frm Oregn State University surveyed aspen stands. “We’re seeing significant new grwth f yung aspen and this is the first time that we’ve fund it in ur plts since the 1940s,” Painter said.
Hwever, while Yellwstne’s aspen are recvering, they aren’t ut f the wds just yet. The deer ppulatin has declined, but bisn (野牛) numbers have increased in recent years. Bisn are a lt harder fr wlves t take dwn, said Painter, s increasing numbers f bisn may be emerging as a new restrictin n aspen in sme areas.
2. What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A. The aspen trees are t yung t make a frest.
B. The aspen trees cannt get rid f survival threat.
C. Other tree species may hld back aspen’s recvery.
D. Yellwstne is nt the best habitat fr aspen trees.
2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Hwever, while Yellwstne’s aspen are recvering, they aren’t ut f the wds just yet. The deer ppulatin has declined, but bisn (野牛) numbers have increased in recent years. Bisn are a lt harder fr wlves t take dwn, said Painter, s increasing numbers f bisn may be emerging as a new restrictin n aspen in sme areas.(然而，尽管黄石公园的山杨正在恢复，但they aren’t ut f the wds just yet。鹿的数量有所减少，不过近年来野牛的数量却在增加。潘特（Painter）表示，野牛对狼群来说要难对付得多，因此在部分区域，不断增多的野牛可能正逐渐成为山杨生长的新制约因素。)”可知，“they aren’t ut f the wds”指山杨仍面临野牛带来的新威胁，即“无法摆脱生存威胁”。故选B项。
3.（2025·广东梅州·模拟预测）Have yu ever been hungry and tired and wished yu culd slve bth prblems at nce? If yu were a reindeer, it wuld be easy. Accrding t new research, these talented deer can have a snze while they chew their fd.
3. What des the underlined sentence in Para 1 mean?
A. It is easy fr reindeer t be hungry.
B. Reindeer can eat and sleep simultaneusly.
C. Peple can nt slve the prblem like a reindeer.
D. Reindeer are talented s that they can slve the prblem.
3. 词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Have yu ever been hungry and tired and wished yu culd slve bth prblems at nce? If yu were a reindeer, it wuld be easy. Accrding t new research, these talented deer can have a snze while they chew their fd.(你是否曾经又饿又累，希望能同时解决这两个问题？如果你是驯鹿，那就容易多了。根据一项新的研究，这些有天赋的鹿在咀嚼食物时可以打个盹。)”可知，划线句子说的是驯鹿可以同时做到吃饭和睡觉两件事。故选B。
【01陌生单词】（25-26高三上·福建宁德·期末）Dgs have been a part f human sciety fr ver 20,000 years. Whereas they first served peple by supprting hunters, it did nt take lng befre they became part f the hme. Cmpanin dgs might nt help secure fd, but fr years evidence has munted that they help diminish anxiety and imprve sciality. Research led by Kikusui Takefumi at Azabu University, published recently in iScience, explains what might be ging n. It reveals that the micrbes (微生物) fund in the guts (肠道) f dg wners are apparently different frm thse wh d nt wn dgs and that this is, at least partially, respnsible fr the behaviur differences.
The brain des nt exist n its wn. The micrbes fund elsewhere, particularly in the gut, prduce chemical cmpunds (化合物) that influence hw the brain wrks. With this in mind, Dr Kikusui wndered if micrbe transfer frm dgs might be helping bring psychlgical benefits t wners. Keen t find ut, he set up an experiment with 343 participants in Tky, fcusing specifically n teenagers, as adlescence is a crucial perid f brain develpment when scial interactins ften have lasting mental effects. He and his clleagues therefre psychlgically analysed 96 teens wh were dg wners and 247 teens wh were nt. As expected, dg wners suffered frm fewer scial prblems.
The next step wuld have been t intrduce dg-assciated micrbes directly int the bdies f nn-dg-wning teenagers. Since that is an ethically grey area, Dr Kikusui wrked instead with mice. After six weeks, mice carrying micrbes frm dg-wning teens spent lnger appraching unfamiliar mice and shwed greater cncern fr trubled cage-mates.
Dr Kikusui admits that making direct cmparisns between mice and humans is far frm perfect, but his findings nnetheless indicate that the prbitic changes brught abut by dg wnership influence the brain. If the cnclusins hld, it seems that the path t a healthier mind may begin nt with careful self-reflectin, but with the cmpaninship f dgs.
1. What des the underlined wrd "diminish" in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Overcme.B. Replace.C. Balance.D. Reduce.
2. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The differences between teenage dg wners and nn-wners.
B. The design and participant selectin f the experiment.
C. The bilgical basis and mtivatin fr the research.
D. The rle f gut micrbes in shaping brain activity.
3. Why did the researchers cnduct experiments n mice?
A. Dg wners shw fewer scial prblems.
B. Teenagers were mre difficult t study directly.
C. Human experiments may raise ethical cncerns.
D. Mice can behave mre actively in grup interactin.
4. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Muse-human cmparisns may have limits in brain research.
B. Spending time with dgs may cntribute t mental well-being.
C. Develping a healthy mind depends n careful self-reflectin.
D. Psychlgical health requires changes in bilgical systems.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍麻布大学的Kikusui Takefumi领导的研究团队的实验研究，阐述了养狗带来的益生菌变化会影响大脑，与狗相处可能有助于心理健康。
1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“and imprve sciality(并且提高社交能力)”可知，and前后应该是并列关系，再根据anxiety可推测出，此处应该是指减少焦虑，所以推测划线词是“减少”的意思。故选D项。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The brain des nt exist n its wn. The micrbes fund elsewhere, particularly in the gut, prduce chemical cmpunds (化合物) that influence hw the brain wrks. With this in mind, Dr Kikusui wndered if micrbe transfer frm dgs might be helping bring psychlgical benefits t wners.(大脑并非孤立存在。在其他部位发现的微生物，尤其是肠道内的微生物，会产生影响大脑运作的化学物质。考虑到这一点，Kikusui博士想知道，从狗身上转移来的微生物是否有助于给主人带来心理上的益处)”可知，第二段主要介绍了该研究的生物学基础及动机。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The next step wuld have been t intrduce dg-assciated micrbes directly int the bdies f nn-dg-wning teenagers. Since that is an ethically grey area, Dr Kikusui wrked instead with mice.(接下来的步骤应该是将与狗相关的微生物直接注入非狗主人的青少年体内。但由于这涉及伦理上的灰色地带，所以Kikusui博士转而以老鼠作为实验对象进行研究)”可知，研究人员要在老鼠身上进行实验的原因是：人体实验可能会引发伦理方面的担忧。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If the cnclusins hld, it seems that the path t a healthier mind may begin nt with careful self-reflectin, but with the cmpaninship f dgs.(如果这些结论成立的话，那么通往更健康心灵的途径似乎并非始于对自身的仔细反思，而是始于与狗狗的相伴生活)”可推知，花时间和狗在一起可能有助于心理健康。故选B项。
【02陌生单词】（25-26高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）Fr many peple, the“10, 000 daily steps” fitness gal may seem ut f reach. But new research shws prtecting yur brain desn’t require such high pressure — lgging 3,000 steps is enugh t strengthen yur cgnitive (认知的) health.
A study published in Nature Medicine fund that walking at least 3,000 steps a day significantly slws the buildup f Alzheimer’s-related prteins and bsts the brain’s resistance against cgnitive decline. This research tracked 296 healthy adults aged 50 t 90, recrding their daily steps and mnitring their cgnitive perfrmance fr up t 14 years.
Clear patterns emerged: Adults wh walked fewer than 3,000 steps daily had faster tau tangle (蛋白缠结) frmatin and mre rapid declines in memry and thinking skills. Thse walking 3,001 — 5,000 steps a day delayed cgnitive decline by an average f 3 years, while thse walking 5,001 — 7,000 steps saw even greater benefits — slwing age-related cgnitive decline by abut 7 years.
Mst peple have heard f amylid plaques, the sticky substance that frm utside neurns (神经元) in Alzheimer’s disease. But tau, a prtein nrmally fund inside healthy neurns, is what disturbs cgnitin when it frms tangles. These tangles clg neurns’ internal transprt system, slwing cmmunicatin and quickening brain cell death.
Exercise may nt directly lwer amylid plaque buildup utside neurns, but the data suggests it interrupts the dwnstream effects f amylid n tau. This is the key insight: Amylid appears t set the stage fr Alzheimer’s, but tau tangles are what cause the signs f the disease t unfld. Physical activities seem t break this chain and slw tau’s tangle frmatin.
These findings add t a grwing bdy f evidence linking regular physical activity t better brain health and delayed cgnitive aging and prve that meaningful brain benefits begin at far lwer step cunts. “Every step cunts,” first authr Wai-Ying Wendy Yau said. “We want t empwer peple t prtect their brain and cgnitive health by keeping physically active.”
1. Hw were the research results presented?
A. By referring t the frmer utcmes.
B. By cmparing recrded data.
C. By assessing subjects’ cgnitive change.
D. By shwing specific case analyses.
2. What des the underlined wrd “clg” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Regulate.B. Transfrm.C. Blck.D. Activate.
3. What happens when physical activities are perfrmed?
A. Tau tangle frmatin is slwed.
B. Tau tangle chains begin t break.
C. Amylid plaque buildup speeds up.
D. Amylid plaque intensifies impacts n tau.
4. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. The limitatins f the study.
B. The significance f the findings.
C. The future cmmercial prspects.
D. The discvery f the experiment.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了步数与认知健康的关联。研究表明，50—90岁人群每日步行3000步即可减缓阿尔茨海默病相关 tau蛋白缠结，延缓认知衰退；3001—5000步延迟3年；5001—7000步延迟7年。运动可阻断淀粉样蛋白对tau的影响，护脑无需“每日万步，每步皆有意义”。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“This research tracked 296 healthy adults aged 50 t 90, recrding their daily steps and mnitring their cgnitive perfrmance fr up t 14 years. (这项研究对296名年龄在50岁至90岁之间的健康成年人进行了跟踪调查，记录了他们的每日步数，并对他们的认知能力进行了长达14年的监测。)”以及第三段“Clear patterns emerged: Adults wh walked fewer than 3,000 steps daily had faster tau tangle (蛋白缠结) frmatin and mre rapid declines in memry and thinking skills. Thse walking 3,001 — 5,000 steps a day delayed cgnitive decline by an average f 3 years, while thse walking 5,001 — 7,000 steps saw even greater benefits — slwing age-related cgnitive decline by abut 7 years. (清晰的规律逐渐显现出来：每天步行少于3000步的成年人，其tau蛋白缠结的形成速度更快，记忆力和思维能力的衰退也更为迅速。而每天步行3001至5000步的人，其认知能力衰退的平均时间延迟了3年；而每天步行5001至7000步的人，其效果更为显著——年龄相关的认知能力衰退速度减缓了约7年。)”可知，研究结果是通过比较记录的数据呈现的。故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“But tau, a prtein nrmally fund inside healthy neurns, is what disturbs cgnitin when it frms tangles. These tangles clg neurns’ internal transprt system, slwing cmmunicatin and quickening brain cell death. (但一种名为“tau”的蛋白质（在健康神经元内部通常会存在）在形成缠结时会干扰认知功能。这些缠结会clg神经元内部的运输系统，减缓信息传递速度，并加速脑细胞的死亡。)”中的“disturbs cgnitin (干扰认知) ”、“slwing cmmunicatin (沟通迟缓) ”、“quickening brain cell death (加速脑细胞死亡)”可知，这些缠结对神经元内运输系统有负面影响，所以推测“clg neurns’ internal transprt system”应意为“阻塞神经元内运输系统”。故划线词意思是“阻塞”。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Physical activities seem t break this chain and slw tau’s tangle frmatin. (体育锻炼似乎能够打破这种循环，并减缓tau蛋白缠结的形成。)”可知，体育运动能打破淀粉样蛋白对tau蛋白的影响，从而延缓tau缠结的形成。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“These findings add t a grwing bdy f evidence linking regular physical activity t better brain health and delayed cgnitive aging and prve that meaningful brain benefits begin at far lwer step cunts. “Every step cunts,” first authr Wai-Ying Wendy Yau said. “We want t empwer peple t prtect their brain and cgnitive health by keeping physically active.” (这些研究结果进一步证实了规律的体育锻炼与更好的大脑健康状况以及延缓认知能力衰退之间存在关联，并且证明有意义的大脑益处的出现所需步数要远低于此前认为的数值。“每一步都很重要，”第一作者韦英·温迪·尤说道，“我们希望鼓励人们通过保持身体活动来保护自己的大脑和认知健康。”)”可知，最后一段主要说明了实验研究的意义。故选B。
【03陌生短语】（2026·湖北荆州·一模）The Pacific Nrthwest’s misty wds weren’t just Rsemary’s backyard — they were her first classrm. Nw, as Respnse’s new Cmmunity Educatin Crdinatr, she’s taking that “Educatin thrugh experience” spirit everywhere, turning lessns int stries kids will never frget.
Her favrite wilderness adventure unflded n a spring mrning with a grup f furth graders. Their missin was simple: find three “frest friends” and write a shrt stry abut each ne. At first, the kids hung back, dragging their feet slwly as if they’d rather stay inside playing vide games — until eight-year-ld Le suddenly dashed tward a bush, yelling, “Lk! A squirrel with an acrn (橡树果) bigger than his head!” Rsemary drpped t her knees. “Let’s give him a name,” she said. They settled n “Mr. Nutkin,” and Le scribbled(潦草地写) in his jurnal: “Mr. Nutkin is in a hurry. Maybe he’s hiding snacks fr winter s he desn’t get hungry.” Sn, everyne spread acrss the wds. When it was time t leave, Le even stuffed a pinecne (松果) in his pcket, declaring it “fr Mr. Nutkin’s huse s he stays warm.”
Weeks later, an envelpe shwed up n Rsemary’s desk, with Le’s messy handwriting n the frnt. Inside was a drawing: a squirrel in a tiny pinecne huse, next t a stick figure labeled “Me,” and a nte: “Mr. Nutkin mved int his new hme I put it in my backyard. Can we g back t the wds sn?”
That’s the magic f Rsemary’s teaching: it desn’t end when the class des. Whether she’s in a church, a farm, r a frest, she turns lessns int cnnectins — nes that stick lng after the pinecnes are cllected and the jurnals are clsed. Nw, at Respnse, she still keeps that pinecne frm the wds in her bag. It’s a reminder: the best educatin isn’t abut facts n a page but abut making kids feel like the wrld is their strybk — and they’re the nes getting t write the fun parts.
1. Why did Rsemary regard the wds as her first classrm?
A. She nce taught her students there.
B. She learned by explring nature there.
C. She experienced her first adventure there.
D. She did research n wildlife bilgy there.
2. What d the underlined wrds “hung back” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Struggled up nervusly.
B. Mved frward quickly.
C. Stayed behind hesitantly.
D. Lked arund curiusly.
3. What is the purpse f Paragraph 3?
A. T describe Le’s artistic talent.
B. T prve the lessn’s lasting impact.
C. T indicate Le’s keeping his prmise.
D. T share a cntinued stry with readers.
4. Hw des Rsemary teach the kids?
A. By engaging them in real experiences.
B. By shwing them secrets abut nature.
C. By rganizing them t play games utdrs.
D. By instructing them t write adventure jurnals.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了社区教育协调员罗斯玛丽通过自然体验式教学激发孩子创造力，并让教育影响延续至课堂之外。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Pacific Nrthwest’s misty wds weren’t just Rsemary’s backyard — they were her first classrm. Nw, as Respnse’s new Cmmunity Educatin Crdinatr, she’s taking that “Educatin thrugh experience” spirit everywhere, turning lessns int stries kids will never frget.(太平洋西北地区雾气氤氲的森林，对罗斯玛丽而言，早已不只是家门外的一方天地 —— 那是她的第一间课堂。如今，身为“回响”组织新任社区教育协调员的她，正将这种“体验式教育”的理念播撒到每一个角落，把枯燥的课程转化为孩子们永生难忘的趣味故事。)”可知，罗斯玛丽将森林视为首个课堂是因为她通过探索自然进行学习。故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“At first, the kids hung back, dragging their feet slwly as if they’d rather stay inside playing vide games(起初，孩子们hung back，拖着脚步慢慢走，好像他们宁愿待在家里玩电子游戏)”可知，孩子们起初不愿参与活动，犹豫不决地留在后面，因此hung back意为“犹豫不决地留在后面”。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Weeks later, an envelpe shwed up n Rsemary’s desk, with Le’s messy handwriting n the frnt. Inside was a drawing: a squirrel in a tiny pinecne huse, next t a stick figure labeled “Me,” and a nte: “Mr. Nutkin mved int his new hme I put it in my backyard. Can we g back t the wds sn?”(几周后，一个信封被送到了罗斯玛丽的办公桌上，信封正面是利奥歪歪扭扭的笔迹。里面装着一幅画：一只松鼠住在一座小小的松果房子里，旁边画着一个火柴人，标注着“我”。画的下方还有一张便条，上面写着：“纳特金先生搬进新家啦！我把它的房子安在了我家后院。我们什么时候能再回森林呀？”)”可知，该段通过里奥的后续行动证明课程产生了持久影响。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Nw, as Respnse’s new Cmmunity Educatin Crdinatr, she’s taking that “Educatin thrugh experience” spirit everywhere, turning lessns int stries kids will never frget.(如今，身为“回响”组织新任社区教育协调员的她，正将这种“体验式教育”的理念播撒到每一个角落，把枯燥的课程转化为孩子们永生难忘的趣味故事。)”、第二段“Her favrite wilderness adventure unflded n a spring mrning with a grup f furth graders. Their missin was simple: find three “frest friends” and write a shrt stry abut each ne. At first, the kids hung back, dragging their feet slwly as if they’d rather stay inside playing vide games — until eight-year-ld Le suddenly dashed tward a bush, yelling, “Lk! A squirrel with an acrn bigger than his head!” Rsemary drpped t her knees. “Let’s give him a name,” she said. They settled n “Mr. Nutkin,” and Le scribbled in his jurnal: “Mr. Nutkin is in a hurry. Maybe he’s hiding snacks fr winter s he desn’t get hungry.” Sn, everyne spread acrss the wds. When it was time t leave, Le even stuffed a pinecne in his pcket, declaring it “fr Mr. Nutkin’s huse s he stays warm.”(她最难忘的一次野外探险活动，发生在一个春日的清晨，同行的是一群四年级的孩子。他们的任务很简单：找到三位“森林朋友”，并为每一位写下一则小故事。起初，孩子们都有些怯生生地缩在后面，慢吞吞地挪着步子，一副宁愿待在屋里打电子游戏的模样 —— 直到八岁的利奥突然朝着一丛灌木飞奔过去，大喊道：“快看！有只松鼠叼着一颗比它脑袋还大的橡树果！”罗斯玛丽蹲下身来，柔声提议：“我们来给它起个名字吧。”大家最终敲定叫它“纳特金先生”。利奥立刻在自己的日记本上潦草地写道：“纳特金先生行色匆匆，它也许是在为冬天囤积零食，这样冬天就不会挨饿啦。”很快，孩子们便四散开来，兴致勃勃地穿梭在林间。活动结束准备离开时，利奥甚至还往口袋里塞了一颗松果，郑重其事地说：“这是给纳特金先生的家添置的，这样它就能暖暖和和过冬了。”)”可知，第二段描述她带着四年级孩子在森林里找“森林朋友”并写故事的经历，第一段也提到“体验式教育”，所以罗斯玛丽通过让孩子们参与真实的体验来进行教学。故选A。
【04陌生短语】（25-26高一上·四川广安·月考）Americans use many expressins with the wrd dg. Peple in the United States lve their dgs and treat them well. They take their dgs fr walks, let them play utside and give them gd fd and medical care. Hwever, dgs withut wners t care fr them lead a different kind f life. The expressin, t lead a dg’s life, describes a persn wh has an unhappy life.
Sme peple say we live in a dg-eat-dg wrld. That means many peple are cmpeting fr the same things, like gd jbs. They say that t be successful, a persn has t wrk like a dg. The hard wrk can make peple dg-tired. And, the situatin wuld be even wrse if they became sick as a dg.
Still, peple say every dg has its day. This means that every persn enjys a successful perid during his r her life. T be successful, peple ften have t learn new skills. Yet, sme peple say that yu can never teach an ld dg new tricks. They believe that lder peple d nt like t learn new things and will nt change the way they d things.
Husbands and wives use dghuse when they are angry at each ther. Fr example, a wman might get angry at her husband fr frgetting their wedding anniversary. She might tell him that he is in the dghuse and treats him badly. Hwever, the husband may decide that it is best t leave things alne and nt create mre prblems. He might decide t let sleeping dgs lie.
Dg expressins are als used t describe the weather. The dg days f summer are the httest days f the year. A rainstrm may cl the weather. But we d nt want it t rain t hard. We d nt want it t rain cats and dgs.
1. What des the underlined expressin “wrk like a dg” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Wrk very hard.
B. Have an unhappy life.
C. Cmpete fr the same things.
D. Becme successful.
2. If a man experiences a failure at wrk, what might his wife say t encurage him?
A. It will rain cats and dgs.
B. Every dg has its day.
C. Yu lead a dg’s life.
D. Yu are in the dghuse.
3. Which f the fllwing has the same meaning as “leave things untuched”?
A. Becme sick as a dg.
B. Teach an ld dg new tricks.
C. Let sleeping dgs lie.
D. Make peple dg-tired.
4. What’s the text mainly abut?
A. Expressins in American culture.
B. Dg’s influence n American culture.
C. A fun way t learn English.
D. Sme expressins with the wrd dg.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国人使用的一些与“dg”这个单词有关的表达方式，并解释了这些表达方式的含义和用法。
1. 词句猜测题。根据上文“Sme peple say we live in a dg-eat-dg wrld. That means many peple are cmpeting fr the same things, like gd jbs.They say that t be successful,(有人说，我们生活在一个“弱肉强食”的世界里。意思是很多人都在争夺同样的东西，比如好工作。他们说，要想成功)”和下文“The hard wrk can make peple dg-tired.(这份辛劳会让人“筋疲力尽”。)”可知，他们说，要想成功，就得“拼命工作”。由此可知，wrk like a dg意为“非常努力工作”。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Still, peple say every dg has its day. This means that every persn enjys a successful perid during his r her life.(尽管如此，人们还是说每个人都会有成功的时候。这意味着每个人在一生中都会有一段成功的时期。)”可知，如果一个人在工作中失败了，他的妻子可能会说“每个人都会有成功的时候”来鼓励他。故选B。
3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Hwever, the husband may decide that it is best t leave things alne and nt create mre prblems.(不过，丈夫或许会觉得最好顺其自然，别再引发更多麻烦。)”可知，let sleeping dgs lie意为“别自找麻烦”与“leave things untuched”意思相同。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Americans use many expressins with the wrd dg.(美国人使用很多带有‘dg’这个词的表达。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国人使用的一些与“dg”这个单词有关的表达方式。故选D。
【05代词指代】（25-26高三上·甘肃武威·期末）In the digital age, technlgy is develping at an unprecedented speed, and the wrld arund us is changing rapidly. In this cntext, lifelng learning has becme mre imprtant than ever befre. Lifelng learning refers t the prcess f acquiring knwledge and skills thrughut ne’s life, rather than just during frmal educatin perids such as childhd and adlescence.
One f the main reasns why lifelng learning is essential in the digital age is the rapid update f knwledge and technlgy. New technlgies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet f things are cnstantly emerging, and the knwledge and skills that were useful yesterday may becme bslete tday. Fr example, a prgrammer wh learned a certain prgramming language 10 years ag may find that it is n lnger used in the industry, and he needs t learn new prgramming languages t keep up with the times. If peple stp learning, they will easily fall behind and lse their cmpetitive advantage in the jb market.
Anther reasn is that lifelng learning can help peple adapt t changes in sciety. The digital age has brught abut great changes in peple’s lifestyle and wrk methds. Mre and mre jbs require peple t have digital literacy and the ability t use new technlgies. Fr instance, many traditinal jbs such as cashiers and bank tellers are being replaced by self-service machines and nline services. Peple wh are willing t learn new skills can find new jb pprtunities, while thse wh are unwilling t learn may face unemplyment.
In additin, lifelng learning can enrich peple’s lives and prmte persnal grwth. Learning new knwledge and skills can braden peple’s hrizns, stimulate their creativity, and help them discver new interests. Fr example, an ld man wh learns t use a smartphne can keep in tuch with his children and grandchildren mre easily, and he can als learn abut the wrld thrugh the Internet. A husewife wh learns t bake can nt nly make delicius fd fr her family but als start a small baking business if she wants t.
Sme peple may argue that they are t ld r t busy t learn. Hwever, with the develpment f nline educatin, lifelng learning has becme mre cnvenient. Peple can learn at any time and anywhere thrugh nline curses, vide lectures, and e-bks. In fact, age and time are nt bstacles t lifelng learning; the real bstacle is the lack f willingness t learn.
In cnclusin, lifelng learning is crucial fr individuals t adapt t the digital age, maintain their cmpetitive edge, and achieve persnal grwth. It is a necessary way fr peple t face the challenges and pprtunities brught by the rapid develpment f technlgy.
1. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The digital age.B. A certain prgramming language.
C. Lifelng learning.D. Artificial intelligence.
2. Why may traditinal jbs such as cashiers face unemplyment?
A. There are nt enugh cashiers.
B. Peple prefer nline shpping.
C. They are replaced by new technlgies.
D. The salary f cashiers is t lw.
3. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Lifelng learning was nt imprtant befre the digital age.
B. Online educatin makes lifelng learning easier.
C. Only yung peple need t engage in lifelng learning.
D. Peple with digital literacy will nt lse their jbs.
4. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The develpment f technlgy in the digital age.
B. The challenges faced by peple in the digital age.
C. The imprtance f lifelng learning in the digital age.
D. The ways t carry ut lifelng learning in the digital age.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了在数字时代，技术飞速发展，知识快速更新，终身学习对于个人适应变化、保持竞争力和实现个人成长至关重要，并指出在线教育使终身学习变得更加便捷。
1. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Fr example, a prgrammer wh learned a certain prgramming language 10 years ag may find that it is n lnger used in the industry(例如，一名十年前学过某种编程语言的程序员可能会发现，‘它’在行业中已经不再被使用了)”可知，此处“it”指代前文提到的“a certain prgramming language(某种编程语言)”。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fr instance, many traditinal jbs such as cashiers and bank tellers are being replaced by self-service machines and nline services(例如，许多传统职业，如收银员和银行出纳员，正被自助机器和在线服务所取代)”可知，收银员等传统职业面临淘汰是因为被新技术替代。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Hwever, with the develpment f nline educatin, lifelng learning has becme mre cnvenient(然而，随着在线教育的发展，终身学习变得更加便捷)”可知，在线教育让终身学习变得更容易。故选B。
5. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In this cntext, lifelng learning has becme mre imprtant than ever befre(在这样的背景下，终身学习变得比以往任何时候都更加重要)”以及最后一段“In cnclusin, lifelng learning is crucial fr individuals t adapt t the digital age(总之，终身学习对于个人适应数字时代至关重要)”可知，本文主旨是数字时代终身学习的重要性。故选C。
【06代词指代】（2026·内蒙古赤峰·模拟预测）As a child, I devted myself t bks. When exams came, I revised fr hurs withut break. But in recent years, I’ve watched that capacity fr intense cncentratin fade int infinite phne scrlling (滚动). My attentin span cntracts like a candle in the wind. I want t restre that mental flexibility.
S, abut a year ag, I made a small prmise: every time I encuntered a wrd I didn’t knw, I’d lk it up and write it dwn. Nthing cmplicated, just a running list kept, irnically, n my phne. Each week, I’d review t fix wrds int my memry. The list nw cvers almst 20 pages, and this tiny rutine has been quietly transfrmative. Each time I lk up, recrd and review a wrd, I feel a faint stretch, as thugh sme neglected part f my brain is flexing again.
It’s nt an easy habit t keep up, ften impractical. If I’m reading n the subway, I have t stp mid-paragraph, pull ut my phne and type “millenarianism” int my Ggle dcument while trying nt t knck int strangers. It can slw my reading t a maddening pace. And then there’s the revising, dutifully scrlling thrugh my grwing wrd-cllectin like preparing a vcabulary test. Realistically, I apply maybe 5% f these wrds int my everyday speech. Mst remain like museum pieces-admired but rarely handled.
Still, it’s made my mind sharper. I find myself reaching less ften fr the same tired adjectives, and mre ften fr smething precise. Few things are mre satisfying than unearthing the exact wrd yu seek.
In an age when ur devices absrb ur attentin with merciless efficiency, it feels uncnventinal t use mine as a tl fr slw thinking. And it’s given me back smething I feared I’d lst—the pleasure f exercising a mind that, after years f mindless scrlling, is finally waking up again.
1. Why did the authr begin nting dwn unfamiliar wrds?
A. T prepare fr a vcabulary test.
B. T cllect rare wrds fr daily use.
C. T regain the ability t fcus deeply.
D. T replace phne use with useful tasks.
2. What can we knw abut the authr’s wrd-recrding habit?
A. It requires his cnsistent effrt.
B. It speeds up his reading prcess.
C. It imprves his everyday speech.
D. It enables him t use mst wrds.
3. What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A. Cmmn adjectives might be misused.
B. Using precise wrds fulfills the authr.
C. Pr vcabulary des harm t thinking.
D. The authr n lnger uses simple adjectives.
4. What des the underlined wrd “mine” refer t in the last paragraph?
A. The authr’s attentin.B. The authr’s time.
C. The authr’s vcabulary.D. The authr’s phne.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者如何通过记录并复习不熟悉的单词来恢复和提升自己的专注力和思维灵活性。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“But in recent years, I’ve watched that capacity fr intense cncentratin fade int infinite phne scrlling (滚动). My attentin span cntracts like a candle in the wind. I want t restre that mental flexibility.(但近年来，我发现自己这种高度专注的能力逐渐消失，取而代之的是无休止地刷手机。我的注意力就像风中的蜡烛一样摇曳不定。我想重新找回那种思维的灵活性。)”和第二段“S, abut a year ag, I made a small prmise: every time I encuntered a wrd I didn’t knw, I’d lk it up and write it dwn.(于是，大约一年前，我给自己定下了一个小小的承诺：每次遇到不认识的单词，我都会查一查并记下来。)”可知，作者开始记录不熟悉的单词是为了重新获得深度专注的能力。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The list nw cvers almst 20 pages, and this tiny rutine has been quietly transfrmative.(现在，这份清单已经快有20页了，而这个小小的习惯也在悄然改变着我。)”可知，作者记录单词的习惯需要他持续不断的努力。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Few things are mre satisfying than unearthing the exact wrd yu seek.(没有什么比找到你想要的准确词汇更令人满足的了。)”可知，从第四段可以推断出使用精确的词汇让作者感到满足。故选B。
4. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“In an age when ur devices absrb ur attentin with merciless efficiency, it feels uncnventinal t use mine as a tl fr slw thinking.(在这个我们的设备无情地吞噬着我们注意力的时代，用我的手机作为慢思考的工具，似乎有些不合常规。)”可知，划线词前面那句在说“我们的设备无情地吞噬着我们注意力的时代”，前面讲到作者用手机记录单词，因此此处表示“用我的手机作为慢思考的工具”，mine指的是“作者的手机”。故选D。
【07句子理解】（25-26高三上·重庆·月考）When James Shapland sptted a gap in the market fr a dg-friendly café that was half-way between a tiny, trendy cffee shp and a large chain, he started ne himself, Cffi Lab — cffi is Welsh fr cffee and the lab refers t Labradrs (a breed f dg).
It’s nt his first try in cffee shps. He sld his first business, Cffee #1, in 2011 fr abut £10 millin t SA Brain, the Welsh brewer. Hwever, he missed his business after the sale. He spent 2017 n a plan fr a surdugh café, inspired by the success f the pizza chain Franc Manca, but shelved the idea because “the market seemed a little t gd t be true”.
In 2020, he sensed an unmet need fr cafés that had enugh “space t take my labradr in”. His plan was t pen cffee shps big enugh fr dgs and their wners, with friendly staff selling gd fd and cffee. Cffi Lab als dnates the prfits frm the hmemade dg biscuits it sells, plus first-day takings frm each stre it pens. S far, it has raised mre than £100,000 fr Guide Dgs charity and spnsred 11 dgs in training.
Cffi Lab nw has 11 sites, with number 12 pening sn in Pntcanna, and three mre ver the next year in Wiltshire and Shrpshire, all within 100 miles frm its base in Cardiff. “I feel quite strngly abut being able t visit frequently, s it’s nt ging t becme a ne-a-week blind expansin,” he said.
Cffi Lab began ding its wn baking in 2023, when Shapland decided that buying in pre-packaged baked gds and sandwiches wuldn’t keep custmers cming back. “When yu d that, yu end up with average fd that yu’re selling fr £5 and it’s nt what peple want” — especially when they are paying £ 4 fr a cffee.
1. What can we learn abut Cffi Lab frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. It represents an emerging business.
B. It was mdeled n a pizza chain.
C. It is a sub-brand f Cffee #1.
D. It began as surdugh café.
2. What des Cffi Lab d besides serving fd and cffee?
A. Prvide dg training sessins.
B. Run a dg welfare fundatin.
C. Dnate dg biscuits t charity.
D. Fund a dg charitable rganizatin.
3. Which wrd best describes Shapland’s business apprach?
A. Daring.B. Strategic.C. Idealistic.D. Traditinal.
4. What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A. Cffee prices have been rising.
B. Fd shuldn’t cst mre than cffee.
C. Fd and cffee shuld be priced reasnably.
D. Custmers expect better fd fr their mney.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了创业者James Shapland创办宠物友好型咖啡店Cffi Lab的经营理念与发展历程。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When James Shapland sptted a gap in the market fr a dg-friendly café that was half-way between a tiny, trendy cffee shp and a large chain, he started ne himself, Cffi Lab — cffi is Welsh fr cffee and the lab refers t Labradrs (a breed f dg). (当James Shapland发现市场上存在一个空白， 即一种介于小型潮流咖啡馆和大型连锁品牌之间的宠物犬友好型咖啡馆时，他亲自创办了一家，名为Cffi Lab——cffi是威尔士语中“咖啡”的意思，而lab则指拉布拉多犬（一种犬类品种）)”以及第二段中“He sld his first business, Cffee #1, in 2011 fr abut £10 millin t SA Brain, the Welsh brewer. Hwever, he missed his business after the sale. He spent 2017 n a plan fr a surdugh café, inspired by the success f the pizza chain Franc Manca, but shelved the idea because “the market seemed a little t gd t be true”. (2011年，他将自己的首家企业Cffee #1以约1000万英镑的价格出售给了威尔士酿酒商SA Brain集团。然而，出售后他却怀念起自己的事业。2017年，受披萨连锁品牌Franc Manca成功的启发，他着手规划一家酸面包咖啡馆，但最终搁置了这个想法——因为“市场前景好得有些不真实”)”可知，Cffi Lab是针对市场空白新创立的品牌，且是近年来推出的新型商业模式，因此可推断它代表一种新兴业态。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Cffi Lab als dnates the prfits frm the hmemade dg biscuits it sells, plus first-day takings frm each stre it pens. S far, it has raised mre than £100,000 fr Guide Dgs charity and spnsred 11 dgs in training. (Cffi Lab还会将其销售自制狗狗饼干所获利润，连同每家新店开业首日的营业收入一并捐赠出去。截至目前，该品牌已为导盲犬慈善机构筹集超过10万英镑资金，并资助了11只正在接受训练的导盲犬)”可知，Cffi Lab除了提供食物和咖啡外，还为导盲犬慈善机构筹集资金并赞助训练中的狗，即资助一个狗狗慈善组织。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He spent 2017 n a plan fr a surdugh café, inspired by the success f the pizza chain Franc Manca, but shelved the idea because “the market seemed a little t gd t be true”. (2017年，受披萨连锁品牌Franc Manca成功的启发，他着手规划一家酸面包咖啡馆，但最终搁置了这个想法——因为“市场前景好得有些不真实”)”以及第三段中“In 2020, he sensed an unmet need fr cafés that had enugh “space t take my labradr in”. (2020年，他察觉到市场对有足够空间能带拉布拉多犬进入的咖啡馆存在未被满足的需求)”和第四段中““I feel quite strngly abut being able t visit frequently, s it’s nt ging t becme a ne-a-week blind expansin,” he said. (“我非常希望能频繁到访（旗下门店），所以Cffi Lab不会进行每周一家的盲目扩张。” 他说道)”可知，Shapland在创业过程中会进行市场调研，根据市场需求调整计划，并且注重扩张的合理性，说明他的商业方法是具有战略性的。故选B。
4. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Cffi Lab began ding its wn baking in 2023, when Shapland decided that buying in pre-packaged baked gds and sandwiches wuldn’t keep custmers cming back. “When yu d that, yu end up with average fd that yu’re selling fr £5 and it’s nt what peple want” — especially when they are paying £ 4 fr a cffee. (Cffi Lab于2023年开始自主烘焙业务，当时沙普兰认为，采购预包装烘焙食品和三明治无法留住顾客。“如果这么做，最终只会提供均价5英镑的普通食物——这并非人们真正想要的，”尤其是当顾客要花4英镑买一杯咖啡时)”可知，作者强调若食物品质一般却售价较高，尤其咖啡已卖4英镑时，顾客会期望食物品质与其支付的价格相匹配。因此划线部分意味着顾客希望物有所值，即花钱得到更好的食物。故选D。
【08句子理解】（25-26高三上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）In a city f wealth, cmfrt and fine fd, there’s a quiet alley (小巷) in Lndn’s Camden where passers-by ften take several phts Sharing space with elegant cafes and wrld-class bars, a tiny fruit and vegetable stand seems t have been transprted frm a cuntry rad faraway. But what makes the stall even mre remarkable in the heart f Camden is that payment is n the hnr system — custmers just thrw cins int an ld mailbx — and mst f the items n ffer are priced at £ 1 in a neighbrhd where fresh fd usually ges fr much, much mre.
The greengrcer with a heart f gld — a Chinese immigrant in her 50s wh runs this stall (货摊) alne — is rarely glimpsed by her grateful custmers. Lena Wng rises befre dawn t prepare t wrk in her small plt in Enfield, utside Lndn. Depending n the seasn, she’ll harvest nins, eggplants, green peppers, etc. And she wrks several vernight shifts every week at a nursing hme t supplement (补充) her and her husband’s mdest salaries.
All this started ne day as she was selling prduce in Enfield, and a yung custmer said that he barely earned enugh t buy fd. “I hate the idea f yung peple walking arund hungry,” Lena Wng said. The seed was planted. “I want yung peple t feel that they’ re nt frgtten, that they are treasured,” she said. “That nt everyne is ut fr himself. I can make mney anytime. Right nw, I want t give yung peple a helping hand”
Smetimes, when she arrives late in the day, custmers get a chance t thank her in persn. In return, she’s fnd f ffering btanical sayings that she cllected frm a life that has had its share f bth jy and pain. Lena Wng likes t say, “Even in a field full f weeds, yu can grw smething — if yu put in the effrt.”
1. What is special abut Lena Wng’s vegetable stall in Camden?
A. It is run by a Chinese immigrant in her 50s.
B. It is lcated in a quiet alley away frm busy streets.
C. It perates n an hnr system with affrdable prices.
D. It ffers a wide variety f extic fruits and vegetables.
2. What inspired Lena Wng t start her vegetable stall?
A. Her passin fr gardening and farming.
B. A yung custmer’s struggle t affrd fd.
C. The high demand fr fresh prduce in Camden.
D. Her desire t becme famus in the cmmunity.
3. What des the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?
A. Nthing grws but weeds in pr sil.
B. Life is always full f bth jy and pain
C. Lack f effrt cntributes t the stall’s failure.
D. Hard wrk can lead t success despite challenges.
4. Which f the fllwing best describes Lena Wng accrding t the text?
A. Diligent and caring.
B. Brave and careful.
C. Ambitius and helpful.
D. Optimistic and humble.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了伦敦卡姆登区一位华裔移民Lena Wng开设平价蔬果摊的善举，展现了她的勤劳与善意。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“But what makes the stall even mre remarkable in the heart f Camden is that payment is n the hnr system — custmers just thrw cins int an ld mailbx — and mst f the items n ffer are priced at £1 in a neighbrhd where fresh fd usually ges fr much, much mre. (但让这个位于卡姆登中心的小摊更引人注目的是，它的付款方式是基于信任制度的，顾客只需把硬币扔进一个旧邮箱里，在一个新鲜食品通常要贵得多的社区，这个小摊大多数商品的价格都是1英镑)”可知，Lena Wng的小摊特别在于诚信付款制+平价。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“a yung custmer said that he barely earned enugh t buy fd (一位年轻顾客提到自己赚的钱几乎不够买食物)”以及““I hate the idea f yung peple walking arund hungry,” Lena Wng said. The seed was planted. (Lena Wng说：“我讨厌年轻人得饿着肚子走来走去。”这颗种子就此种下了)”可知，Lena Wng开设小摊的灵感正是源于这位年轻顾客所面临的吃饭问题。故选B。
3. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段划线句“Even in a field full f weeds, yu can grw smething — if yu put in the effrt. (即使在杂草丛生的土地上，只要付出努力，也能种出东西)”可知，这是一个比喻。结合Lena Wng帮助经济拮据年轻人的故事背景，此句生动地传达了其核心信念：即便处境艰难(杂草丛生的土地)，通过个人努力(付出努力)也一定能创造出价值与希望(种出东西)，符合D选项“尽管面临挑战，努力工作也能带来成功”。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Lena Wng rises befre dawn (Lena Wng天还没亮就起床)”以及“she wrks several vernight shifts every week (她每周上几个夜班)”可知，她是勤劳的。根据第三段“want t give yung peple a helping hand (想帮年轻人一把)”可知，她是有爱心的。故选A。