高考英语二轮-语法填空有提示词（5大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-语法填空有提示词（5大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（学生版），共19页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc6719" 第一部分 易错点剖析 PAGEREF _Tc6719 \h 1
易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三
\l "_Tc403" 易错01 提示词为动词填谓语易错点 PAGEREF _Tc403 \h 1
易错02 提示词为动词填非谓语易错点3
\l "_Tc11528" 易错03 提示词为动词变名词易错点5
\l "_Tc8651" 易错04 提示词为名词易错点7
\l "_Tc8651" 易错05 提示词为形容词易混点10
\l "_Tc11195" 第二部分 易错点闯关13
闯关01 单句填空13
闯关02 语篇填空（“哭哭马”凭啥“马倒成功”）15
易错01 提示词为动词填谓语易错点
易错典题
【例1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2025北京卷) By the time yu brushed yur teeth, yu _________ (make) several decisins even withut nticing.
避错攻略
【方法总结】给动词填谓语，一看时间状语，二看固定句型，三看主从句时态照应，四看前后句语境。
【干货必记】给动词填写谓语四大考点梳理
一、考查动词时态语态用法，且句中有明确的时间状语提示。
【解题窍门】做题时尽可能搜索具体的时间状语是做好动词时态题的捷径。
【一般现在时】
1.经常性或习惯性的动作：He gets up at 10 ’clck every day.
2.客观事实或普遍真理：The earth travels arund the sun.
3.表示现在的情况或特征：He is a bus driver.
4.表示按照时间表发生的动作（飞火轮---飞机，火车，轮船等时刻表）：The train leaves at 10 am.
5.主将从现原则：在时间when/until、条件if/unless引导的状语从句中经常用一般现在时表示将来。
If it rains tmrrw, I will stay at hme.
【一般过去时】
1.表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。We visited a farm last Sunday.
2.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。When I was yung, I ften went swimming in the river.
3. 常见与一般过去时连用时间状语：
（1）yesterday, the day befre yesterday
（2）last night, last week, last year, last mnth等
（3）three years ag, tw days ag等
（4）in 1990, in the past, the ther day, at that time, just nw, this mrning等。
【现在完成时】
1.表示发生在过去的或已经完成的对现在仍有影响的动作。
2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，并持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和“fr+时间段”“since+时间点/从句”连用。
3.时间标志词：
（1）already, yet, never/ ever, just, befre
（2）since+时间点，fr+时间段，hw lng
（3）in/ ver/ during the past/ ver the years
（4）s far/ till nw/ by nw/up t nw/recently/ in recent years
【过去完成时】
1.表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成，核心是“过去的过去”。
By 10 'clck last night, I had reviewed all the English wrds. 昨晚10点前，我已经复习完了所有英语单词。
2.与befre, until, when, than连用，表示在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。
The students had packed up their schlbags befre the bell rang. 铃声响起前，学生们已经收拾好了书包。3. intend, mean, plan, want等动词过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
I had planned t attend the class party, but I fell ill suddenly. 我本来打算参加班级派对，却突然生病了。
4. It was the first time that…句型that从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time that she had traveled alne with her classmates. 那是她第一次和同学独自出行。
5. hardly…when…和n sner… than…句型主句用过去完成时。
Hardly had he rushed int the classrm when the exam began. 他刚冲进教室，考试就开始了。
6. If虚拟条件句，I wish that…, If nly…, I’d rather that…等从句表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
If nly we had remembered all the math frmulas befre the test. 要是我们考试前记住所有数学公式就好了。
举一反三
1.（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）At present, the lcal gvernment (take) measures t prtect the ancient buildings, which have a histry f ver 300 years.
2.（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）She realized she (leave) her keys in the ffice after she (lck) the dr.
3.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）In recent years, the TV dramas (play) an essential part in the cultural exchange between the tw sides.
4.（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）By the end f last mnth, we (cnfirm) all the facts abut the nature reserve.
易错02 提示词为动词填非谓语易错点
易错典题
【例2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2024新课标I卷) Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, 60 (inspire)by The Peny Pavilin, 61 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
避错攻略
【方法总结】第一步先确定是否需要谓语；第二步确定是否需要并列谓语；第三步确定填写非谓语的具体形式。
【干货必记】给动词填写非谓语技巧梳理
1.遇到定语从句、非谓语或复杂介词短语，借助括号法化繁为简，确定谓语。
例1：(2023全国乙卷) The 69 remarkable (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, 70 (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
例2：(25-26高三上·湖北襄阳·月考) Craftsmen emply different techniques like relief carving and sculpture in the rund, each (require) distinct skills and tls.
2.充分分析语境，避免受到某些假原型和英汉差别影响。
例1：(25-26高三上·湖北襄阳·月考) 63 (face) with such demanding wrk, these craftsmen ften remind themselves t stay patient, as even a small mistake culd ruin hurs f wrk.
例2：（25-26高三上·重庆·月考）In recgnitin f its uniqueness and cultural significance, UNESCO inscribed it n the Representative List f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity in 2009. Tday, this heritage risks________ (fade) in the digital age.
3. 需要结合语境判断非谓语作定语的区别。
例1：(2023全国乙卷) Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system f ring rads.
例2：（25-26高三上·河南南阳·开学考试）___________(measure) as lng as 200 meters, the bridge tk great effrts t build tw decades ag.
4. with复合宾语结构非谓语误用梳理。
例1：（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）With a lt f difficult prblems ________ (settle), the manager had t wrk extra hurs every day last mnth.
例2：（24-25高三上·四川内江·月考）He sat in my rm fr a few minutes with his eyes _______ (fix) n the pster n the wall.
5.ding和having dne 结构作状语分辨不清
例1：(2023全国乙卷) (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
例2：（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）___________ (shw) arund the Water Cube, we were then taken t see the Bird’s Nest fr the 2008 Olympic Games.
举一反三
1.（25-26高二下·黑龙江绥化·期末）The little girl shwed n anxiety befre the cmpetitin. She seemed ______(prepare) fr it pretty well.
2.（25-26高一·全国·假期作业） (measure) abut 1.8 meters in height, the yung athlete is very suitable fr the basketball team.
3.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业） (label) as the rf f the wrld and water twer f Asia, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an essential eclgical security barrier in China.
4.（25-26高一上·江苏常州·月考）With the final exam (apprach), the library has started extending its pening hurs t satisfy individual demands.
易错03 提示词为动词变名词易错点
易错典题
【例3】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(25-26高一上·四川成都·期中) Due t widespread health cncerns, there is a grwing ____________ (recgnize) acrss sciety that mre must be dne t effectively regulate pre-made meals.
避错攻略
【方法总结】分类整理，既要掌握动词变名词一般规律还要掌握特殊变化。
【干货必记】动词变名词特殊形式48例
1.assume vt. 假定；承担→n. assumptin 假定；责任
2.acquire vt. 获得；得到→n. acquisitin 获得；习得
3.accept vt. 接受；承认→n. acceptance 接受；认可
4.adapt vt. 使适应；改编→n. adaptatin 适应；改编本
5.admit vt. 承认；准许进入→n. admissin 承认；入场券
6.argue vt. 争论；辩论→n. argument 争论；论据
7.attend vt. 出席；参加→n. attendance 出席；到场
8.avid vt. 避免；避开→n. avidance 避免；回避
9.betray vt. 背叛；泄露→n. betrayal 背叛；泄露
10.believe vt. 相信；认为→n. belief 相信；信念
11.classify vt. 分类；归类→n. classificatin 分类；类别
12.cmpare vt. 比较；对比 n. cmparisn 比较；对比
13.cmpete vi. 竞争；比赛→n. cmpetitin 竞争；竞赛
14.cmplain vi. 抱怨；投诉 n. cmplaint 抱怨；投诉信
15.cnclude vt. 推断；结束→n. cnclusin 结论；结尾
16.declare vt. 宣布；声明→n. declaratin 宣布；宣言
17.deny vt. 否认；拒绝给予→ n. denial 否认；拒绝
18.describe vt. 描述；形容→n. descriptin 描述；描写
19.destry vt. 摧毁；破坏→n. destructin 摧毁；破坏
20.depart vi. 离开；出发→n. departure 离开；启程
21.divide vt. 划分；分开→n. divisin 划分；部门
22.emphasize vt. 强调；着重→n. emphasis 强调；重点
23.exist vi. 存在；生存→n. existence 存在；生存
24.explain vt. 解释；说明→n. explanatin 解释；说明
25.extend vt. 延长；扩展 n. extensin 延长；扩展部分
26.ignre vt. 忽视；忽略 n. ignrance 无知；忽视
27.include vt. 包含；包括→n. inclusin 包含；入选
28.intend vt. 打算；计划→n. intentin 意图；目的
29.intrduce vt. 介绍；引进→n. intrductin 介绍；引言
30.mature vt. 使成熟 vi. 成熟→n. maturity 成熟；成熟期
31.ccur vi. 发生；出现→n. ccurrence 发生；出现
32.ppse vt. 反对；反抗→n. ppsitin 反对；反对派
33.persist vi. 坚持；执意→n. persistence 坚持；毅力
34.permit vt. 允许；许可→n. permissin 允许；许可
35.persuade vt. 说服；劝说 n. persuasin 说服；信念
36.prnunce vt. 发音；读音→n. prnunciatin 发音；读法
37.recgnize vt. 承认；认可→n. recgnitin 承认；认可
38.reduce vt. 减少；降低→n. reductin 减少；降低
39.refuse vt. 拒绝；回绝→n. refusal 拒绝；回绝
40.resemble vt. 像；类似于→n. resemblance 相似；相像
41.resist vt. 抵抗；忍住→n. resistance 抵抗；阻力
42.reslve vt. 决心；解决→n. reslutin 决心；决议
43.simplify vt. 简化；使简易→n. simplificatin 简化；简易化
44.slve vt. 解决；解答→n. slutin 解决办法；答案
45.subscribe vi. 订阅；订购→n. subscriptin 订阅；订购
46.transfrm vt. 使改变形态；使改观→n. transfrmatin 转变；变革
47.vary vt. 改变；使多样化→n. variety 多样化；种类
48.justify vt. 证明…… 正当；辩护→n. justificatin 正当理由；辩护
举一反三
1.（25-26高二下·全国·课前预习）Mre than 35,000 square meters will als be prvided fr relic (restre) wrk, accrding t the museum.
2.（25-26高一上·陕西西安·月考）In Beijing, ne (register) ffice had abut 300 cuples seeking t get married the day after the changes were annunced.
3.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）This rapid (expand) highlights hw pets have becme an integral part f mdern family life, with their well-being increasingly priritized.
4. （25-26高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）The lud nise frm cnstructin utside was a (disturb) during the physics class.
易错04 提示词为名词易错点
易错典题
【例4】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2025全国一卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 63 (strategy) placement f the pieces, and the energy flw fllwing each mve inspired artists t create il paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints fr the exhibitin.
【干货必记1】名词变形容词特殊变化30例
1.academy n. 学院；研究院→adj. academic 学术的；学院的
2.accident n. 事故→adj. accidental 意外的；偶然的
3.art n. 艺术→adj. artistic 艺术的；有美感的
4.atm n. 原子→adj. atmic 原子的；原子能的
5.authrity n. 权威；官方→adj. authritative 权威的；官方的
6.ambitin n. 野心；抱负→adj. ambitius 有野心的；有抱负的
7.bilgy n. 生物学→adj. bilgical 生物学的
8.benefit n. 益处；好处→adj. beneficial 有益的；有利的
9.charity n. 慈善；仁慈→adj. charitable 慈善的；仁慈的
10.centre n. 中心→adj. central 中心的；核心的
11.cmpetence n. 能力；胜任力→adj. cmpetent 有能力的；能胜任的
12.curage n. 勇气→adj. curageus 勇敢的
13.disaster n. 灾难；灾祸→adj. disastrus 灾难性的；极糟糕的
14.drama n. 戏剧；剧本→adj. dramatic 戏剧性的；戏剧的
15.delight n. 高兴→adj. delightful 令人高兴的
16.enthusiasm n. 热情；热忱→adj. enthusiastic 热情的；热忱的
17.envy n. 嫉妒；羡慕→adj. envius 嫉妒的；羡慕的
18.glry n. 光荣；荣誉→adj. glrius 光荣的；辉煌的
19.hrizn n. 地平线；视野→adj. hrizntal 水平的；横向的
20.industry n. 工业；产业→adj. industrial 工业的；产业的
21.mystery n. 神秘事物→adj. mysterius 神秘的；难以理解的
22.nise n. 噪音→adj. nisy 吵闹的
23.privilege n. 特权；优待→adj. privileged 有特权的；受优待的
24.revlutin n. 革命→adj. revlutinary 革命的
25.sense n. 感觉→adj. sensible 明智的
26.seasn n. 季节→adj. seasnal 季节性的
27.strategy n. 策略→adj. strategic 战略性的
28.sympathy n. 同情；体谅→adj. sympathetic 同情的；体谅的
29.technlgy n. 技术→adj. technlgical 技术的
30.thery n. 理论→adj. theretical 理论的
【干货必记2】可数名词变复数的规则变化
【干货必记3】可数名词变复数的不规则变化
【干货必记4】可数名词变复数的不规则变化
举一反三
1. (2021新课标I卷）The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we_________(human) are.
2.（22-23高三下·福建漳州·期中）The gvernment try t prvide mre (pprtunity) fr yung peple.
3.（25-26高三上·广东广州·期末）After the strm, we culd see a number f (rf) in the village needed t be repaired.
4.（25-26高三上·广东河源·期中）One f her greatest (strength) is her ability t stay calm when facing pressure.
5.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It is calculated by dividing a (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.
易错05 提示词为形容词易混点
易错典题
【例5】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020全国III卷) As the small bat mved ____________ (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.
【干货必记1】形容词加+ly变副词用法梳理
【干货必记2】形容词变名词用法梳理
1.abundant adj. 丰富的→n. abundance 丰富；充裕
2.accessible adj. 可接近的→n. accessibility易理解性
3.accurate adj. 准确的→n. accuracy 准确性
4.aggressive adj. 侵略性的；积极的→n. aggressin 侵略；进取心
5.anxius adj. 焦虑的→n. anxiety 焦虑
6.brilliant adj. 卓越的→n. brilliance 光辉；卓越
7.cmpetent adj. 有能力的→n. cmpetence 能力；胜任力
8.cmplex adj. 复杂的→n. cmplexity 复杂性
9.cnsistent adj. 一致的→n. cnsistency 一致性；连贯性
10.curius adj. 好奇的→n. curisity 好奇心
11.diverse adj. 多样的→n. diversity 多样性
12.efficient adj. 高效的→n. efficiency 效率
13.enthusiastic adj. 热情的→n. enthusiasm 热情
14.essential adj. 极其重要的→n. essence 本质；精髓
15.evident adj. 明显的→n. evidence 证据；证明
16.fluent adj. 流利的→n. fluency 流利；流畅
17.fragrant adj. 芳香的→n. fragrance 香味；芳香
18.frequent adj. 频繁的→n. frequency 频率
19.generus adj. 慷慨的→n. genersity 慷慨；大方
20.humid adj. 潮湿的→n. humidity 湿度
21.ignrant adj. 无知的→n. ignrance 无知
22.intense adj.紧张的→n. intensity 强度；强烈程度
23.just adj. 公正的→n. justice 正义；公正
24.lyal adj. 忠诚的→n. lyalty 忠诚
25.mature adj. 成熟的→n. maturity 成熟
26.necessary adj. 必要的→n. necessity 必要性；必需品
27.persistent adj. 坚持不懈的→n. persistence 坚持；毅力
28.pr adj. 贫穷的→n. pverty 贫穷
29.precise adj. 精确的→n. precisin 精确；精准
30.private adj. 私人的→n. privacy 隐私；私密
31.visible adj. 可见的；明显的→n. visibility 可见度；能见度
【干货必记3】形容词变比较级和最高级规则变化
【干货必记4】形容词变比较级和最高级不规则变化
举一反三
1.（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）Since after-class activities will nt (mere) make yur schl life clrful but als imprve yur learning, why nt take an active part in them?
2.（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）After fllwing a healthy diet and exercise plan fr three mnths, she became much (slim) .
3.（25-26高一上·湖南常德·期中）I wish they culd be (flexible) than befre s that I can make my wn chices abut what t d in my spare time.
4.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Of all my (ld) relatives, my father-in-law is the (little) talkative.
闯关一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）She (attach) great imprtance t her children’s educatin since they were very yung.
2.（25-26高三上·陕西西安·月考）It (strike) me that I culd refer t my nte when I perfrmed my duty.
3.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）We (bserve) the stars shining brightly in the sky when a sudden rainstrm began t fall last night.
4.（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）The ld temple (restre) several times in the past decade, and it nw lks as magnificent as it did when first built.
5.（25-26高三上·福建厦门·期中）He pretended (finish) his hmewrk when his mther checked, but the blank pages gave him away.
6.（24-25高三下·全国·课后作业）He rushed t the statin t catch the early train, nly (tell) that it had already left.
7.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Neuralink is currently cnducting five mre clinical trials f implants (植入) that allw users (cntrl) electrnic devices, including cmputers, using brain signals.
8.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）We must take strict measures t prevent the rare wild plants (destry) by human activities withut permissin.
9.（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）Kunqu Opera, (cmbine) sngs perfrmed in the Suzhu dialect, graceful bdy mvements, martial arts and dance, was riginally brn in the regin f Kunshan.
10.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）Recently remains f settlements with a mat (壕沟) were unearthed at the Huangchadun Site (date) back 9,300 t 8,000 years in Quzhu, Zhejiang.
11.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）This machine, (design) fr the elderly, is easy t perate and widely ppular in the market.
12.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）With all the wrk (finish), we finally had a chance t take a relaxing hliday by the sea.
13.（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）By the time we arrived, the cncert had already started, the band (rank) first n the music charts.
14.（25-26高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Scientists believe they have fund a cnnectin between the tw mysterius________ (phenmenn).
15.（2026高二上·江西南昌·专题练习）Many children feel calm and safe with their parents arund, because they give them a strng sense f (secure).
16.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Labubu’s rise integrates (China) strng manufacturing base with creative innvatin, tapping int the emtinal needs f glbal cnsumers.
17. （25-26高三·全国·假期作业）If fllwed, these suggestins will make (disaster) earthquakes almst a thing f the past.
18.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业）The results shwed that the incidence f MACCEs was arund 30 percent ________ (lw) in the grup that tk tngxinlu, cmpared with thse participants taking the placeb.
19.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the__________ (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has...
20.（25-26高三·全国·假期作业） (amaze), she finished the challenging task alne in just three days, surprising all her clleagues.
闯关二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The sudden rise f the "Crying Hrse" dll is ne f the mst heartwarming business stries in recent years. Originally 1 (design) as a symbl f jy fr the Year f the Hrse, its 2 (accidental) upturned muth gave it a lk f quiet sadness.
At first, this was cnsidered a pure manufacturing mistake, but when its pht 3 (pst) nline, the public's reactin was cmpletely different. Peple saw in its "sad" face a mirrr f their wn daily stresses, creating an immediate emtinal cnnectin. It became a "friend" wh understd the pressure f vertime wrk.
Seeing this unexpected 4 (ppular), factries in Yiwu acted with incredible speed. They quickly added prductin lines. 5 impressed the public even mre was that the seller firmly kept the price at 25 yuan 6 high demand. This hnest decisin earned great respect.
The dll's success teaches us that in tday's wrld, being relatable can be 7 (valuable) than being perfect. It als shws the amazing adaptatin f Chinese supply chains. The entire event, 8 started frm a single nline pst, shws the pwer f scial media. Mre deeply, it sends a cmfrting message abut self-acceptance, 9 (remind) us that true happiness ften lies in embracing ur imperfectins. Fr these reasns, the "Crying Hrse" has truly cmpleted 10 inspiring transfrmatin frm a factry errr t a cultural icn.
场合
用法
示例
一般情况下
在词尾直接加-s
muth→muths, huse→huses
-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词
在词尾加-es
glass→glasses,bx→bxes,
church→churches, brush→brushes
辅音字母+-y结尾的名词
变y为i再加-es
cuntry→cuntries, factry→factries
元音字母+-y结尾的名词
在词尾直接加-s
hliday→hlidays, mnkey→mnkeys
辅音字母+-结尾的名词
直接加-es
her→heres, ptat→ptates
元音字母+-结尾的名词
直接加-s
z→zs, zer→zers
元音字母+-结尾的名词
特殊直接加-s
pht→phts, kil→kils, pian→pians
以-f,-fe结尾的名词
变f或fe为 -ves
wife→wives, wlf→wlves
以-f,-fe结尾的名词
直接加-s
gulf→gulfs, rf→rfs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes
单复数同形的名词
单复数同形
deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species
特殊记忆的名词
单独记忆
man→men, wman→wmen, child→children,
tth→teeth, ft→feet, muse→mice
合成名词的复数
主体名词变复数
passer-by→passers-by, lker-n→lkers-n
合成名词的复数
无名词最后加-s
grwn-up→grwn-ups, g-between→g-betweens
变化
示例
单复数同形
deer鹿, fish鱼, sheep绵羊, means方法, series系列, species物种,wrks工厂，作品
Chinese中国人, Japanese日本人, Swiss瑞士人
变局部元音
gse-geese, tth-teeth, ft-feet, man-men, wman-wmen；muse-mice
词尾-n变-a
phenmenn-phenmena现象，criterin-criteria标准
词尾加-(r)en
child-children孩子, x-xen公牛
词尾-un变成-a
datum-data数据, medium-media媒体
-sis变为-ses
crisis-crises危机, diagnsis-diagnses诊断, analysis-analyses分析
名
词
所
有
格
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。
(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:Jhn's hme约翰的家;
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students' textbks 学生们的课本;
(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children's game 孩子们的游戏。
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用f所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用f所有格。如: the name f the girl ver there那边那位女孩的名字。
双重所有格的构成为:“名词+f+-'s所有格”或“名词+f+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a, any, sme, a few, tw, this, that,these,thse 等修饰,但不能用the。如:a picture f my mther's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片。
规则
示例
例外
多数形容词直接加-ly变为副词
successful—successfully severe—severely
extreme—extremely quick—quickly
full-fully
以-y结尾形容词变y为i再加-ly变副词
happy—happily easy—easily
necessary—necessarily heavy—heavily
shy—shyly
以-le, -ble结尾的形容词去e加y变副词
gentle—gently pssible—pssibly
prbable—prbably simple—simply
true—truly whle—whlly
以-ic结尾的形容词直接加-ally变为副词
basic—basically specific—specifically
scientific—scientifically autmatic--autmatically
public--publicly
以-ing结尾形容词变为直接加-ly副词
surprising-surprisingly increasing—increasingly
interesting—interestingly jking—jkingly
以-ed结尾形容词变为副词直接加-ly
repeat—repeatedly hurried—hurriedly
excited—excitedly expected--unexpectedly
场合及规则
示例
一般在形容词或副词后面直接加–er 变为比较级，加–est 变为最高级
fast—faster—fastest
small—smaller--smallest
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，则双写该辅音字母，再加-er变为比较级，加 –est 变为最高级。
big—bigger--biggest
thin--thinner--thinnest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，则将改y为 i 再加-er变为比较级，加 –est 变为最高级。
pretty—prettier—prettiest
early—earlier—earliest
以字母 e 结尾的单词，直接加 –r 变为比较级，加 –st 变为最高级。
large—larger—largest
wise—wiser—wisest
多音节以及某些双音节形容词或副词变为比较级或最高级时，则通常在其前加mre变为比较级，加 mst变为最高级。
imprtant—mre imprtant—mst imprtant
difficult—mre difficult—mst difficult
原级
比较级
最高级
备注
gd/well
better更好
best最好
注意区分形容词还是副词
bad/ ill/badly
wrse更糟糕
wrst最糟糕
注意原级有三个
little
less更少
least最少
注意few是规则变化，且修饰复数名词
many/much
mre更多
mst最多
注意区分修饰可数还是不可数名词
far
farther更远
further最远
强调距离
further更深入
furthest最深入
强调程度
late
later更晚的
latest 最晚的
强调时间
latter后者
last最后
强调顺序
ld
lder年长者
ldest最年长的
强调任意范围比较
elder年长者
eldest 最年长的
只作定语，且修饰brther, sister等词