2026届高三英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解 文体分类练3 说明文之新发明、新产品类（含解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解 文体分类练3 说明文之新发明、新产品类（含解析），共9页。
难度:★★★☆☆限时:7分钟
Numerus industries prduce larger quantities f wastewaters cntaining high cncentratins f rganic substances and inrganic salts.Discharging these wastewaters t the envirnment is harmful t the ecsystem and human health.Hwever,the high salt cntent in these wastewaters pses serius challenges fr existing treatment prcesses.Researchers at Rice University,in partnership with Guangdng University f Technlgy,have develped a grundbreaking methd fr it — adpting dialysis(透析) technlgy cmmnly used in medicine.
The researchers selected cmmercial ultrafiltratin membranes(超滤膜) which were designed t let salt pass thrugh while trapping rganic substances.They set up a system where salty wastewater and fresh water flwed in ppsite directins n either side f a special membrane,withut needing pumps.Due t the difference in salt cncentratins between wastewater and fresh water,salt naturally mves int the fresh water while rganic substances are kept back.T test this,they cmpared the amunt f rganic materials and salt in the wastewater befre and after treatment.The results shwed the system culd effectively remve salt withut using extra amunts f fresh water.
One significant advantage f dialysis is its resistance t fuling(积垢).Unlike pressure-driven systems,dialysis experienced ntably less buildup f rganic materials n the membrane because it desn’t rely n extra pressure.“This culd translate t lwer energy cnsumptin,less maintenance,and fewer membrane replacements,” said Elimelech,a researcher n the study.
Additinally,with suitable membranes,dialysis can be tailred t separate varius rganic cmpunds,enabling the selective recvery f valuable resurces frm wastewater.In this way,dialysis creates pprtunities fr transfrming wastewater treatment plants int resurce recvery factries,aligning the principles f a circular ecnmy.
Overall,while dialysis alne desn’t fully purify wastewater,it can transfrm the high-salinity rganic wastewater stream int a lw-salinity rganic wastewater stream that can be readily treated by cnventinal methds,which revlutinizes the treatment f sme f the mst challenging industrial wastewaters.
1.What is the majr challenge faced by the current wastewater treatment?
A.The lack f sufficient treatment devices.
B.The high salt percentage in wastewater.
C.The substantial vlumes f wastewater.
D.The cnsiderable cst f treatment prcesses.
2.What can be learned abut the prcess f dialysing wastewater?
A.The membrane transfrmed salt int rganic cmpunds.
B.The extra pressure cntributed t salt transprt.
C.The cncentratin difference played the key rle.
D.Liquids n bth sides flwed in the same directin.
3.What des the underlined wrd “aligning” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A.Matching. B.Establishing.
C.Adjusting.D.Challenging.
4.Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title?
A.Dialysis:A Pineering Blessing fr Medicine
B.Membranes:A Prtective Screen fr Fresh Water
C.Dialysis:A New Pathway fr Wastewater Treatment
D.High-Salinity Wastewater:A Threat t the Envirnment
Passage 2(2025湖北鄂州二模)
主题:脑机接口技术 词数:370
难度:★★★★☆限时:8分钟
A futuristic wrld has always been charming t humans.Mvies and sci-fi nvels have made us fantasize abut a sciety flded with humanid rbts that help free us frm mind-numbing tasks while we fcus n things that require ur attentin r simply relax.
Brain-cmputer interface(BCI)(脑机接口) is ne such technlgy.Pineered by Eln Musk’s Neuralink,these brain implants culd enable mind-cntrlled cmputing—ptentially ging far beynd just reading thughts.This can slve many medical cnditins,including paralysis,anxiety,and addictin.BCI chips acquire brain signals,analyze them,and translate them int cmmands sent t utput devices that carry ut desired actins.It des nt use nrmal neurmuscular(神经肌肉的) utput pathways.It is ften used as an assisted living device fr individuals with neurmuscular disrders such as strke r spinal crd injury.
Basically,BCI results frm the blend f technlgies frm the fields f electrical engineering,cmputer science,bimedical engineering,and neursurgery.These BCI devices are f tw types,namely,Nn-invasive(非侵入式的) BCI and Invasive BCI.Nn-invasive BCI tls use sensrs applied n r near the head t track and recrd brain activity.These nes can be placed and remved easily,but their signals may be indistinct and imprecise.Hwever,Invasive BCI tls require surgery as they are t be implanted beneath the skull,directly int the brain,t target specific sets f neurns,thus prviding a much clearer and mre accurate signal between the brain and the device.
Using BCIs can ptentially enhance its persnnel’s physical and cgnitive pwer.While BCIs try t imitate the way ur brains functin,understanding the mechanics can be quite challenging fr researchers.Further,there have been cncerns n ethical grunds abut this research.This includes privacy and security issues.Ethicists fear that captured neural signals can be used t gain access t a user’s private infrmatin.On the ther hand,because BCI chips and devices capture signals directly frm a subject’s nervus system,this transmitted data can be extracted fr evil purpses,r even the whle BCI system can be brken int by cybercriminals.Hpe these issues are addressed befre the cmmercial launch f BCIs in the future.
5.Accrding t the text,wh may benefit mst frm BCI technlgy?
A.A wman lsing her ability t speak.
B.An engineer thirsty fr high prductivity.
C.A patient incapable f mving after injuries.
D.An athlete aiming fr imprved perfrmance.
6.What can we learn abut BCI frm the third paragraph?
A.Nn-invasive BCI prvides clearer signals.
B.Invasive BCI enables precise neural recrdings.
C.Invasive BCI can be easily remved like a headset.
D.Nn-invasive BCI requires permanent skull implants.
7.What’s the ptential risk BCI technlgy may bring in the text?
A.Theft f brain data.
B.Shrt service life f implanted devices.
C.High cst f BCI devices.
D.Difficulty in understanding brain signals.
8.What’s the authr’s attitude twards BCI technlgy?
A.Strngly negative.
B.Fully supprtive.
C.Cautiusly ptimistic.
D.Cmpletely indifferent.
Passage 3 (2025安徽马鞍山二模)
主题:利用太阳能制造燃料词数:346
难度:★★★★☆限时:7分钟
The researchers,frm the University f Cambridge,say their slar-pwered reactr culd be used t make fuel t pwer cars and planes.It culd als be used t generate fuel in remte r ff-grid(没有电网的) lcatins.
Unlike cnventinal technlgies,the reactr develped by the Cambridge researchers des nt require fssil-fuel-based pwer r the transprt and strage f carbn dixide(CO2),but instead cnverts atmspheric CO2 int smething useful using sunlight.The results are reprted in the jurnal Nature Energy.
Carbn capture and strage(CCS) has been prpsed as a pssible slutin t the climate crisis.
Hwever,it is energy-intensive and there are cncerns abut the lng-term safety f string pressurised CO2 deep undergrund.“What if,instead f pumping CO2 undergrund,we made smething useful frm it?” said first authr Dr.Sayalee Katar frm Cambridge’s Yusuf Hamied Department f Chemistry.“CO2 is a harmful greenhuse gas,but it can als be turned int useful chemicals.”
The fcus f the research grup is the develpment f devices that cnvert waste,water,and air int practical fuels and chemicals.These devices take their inspiratin frm phtsynthesis(光合作用):the prcess by which plants cnvert sunlight int fd.The devices dn’t use any utside pwer:n cables,n batteries — all they need is the pwer f the sun.
The team’s latest system takes carbn dixide directly frm the air and cnverts it int syngas,a key element in the prductin f many chemicals.At night,specialized devices take in CO2.When the sun cmes ut,the sunlight heats up the cllected gas,starting a chemical reactin that cnverts the gas int slar syngas.A mirrr n the reactr cncentrates the sunlight,making the prcess mre efficient.
The researchers say the particularly prmising pprtunity is that the syngas can be cnverted int many f the prducts we rely n every day,withut cntributing t climate change.They are building a larger versin f the reactr and hpe t begin tests in the spring.
9.What can be learned abut the reactr frm the first tw paragraphs?
A.It cnsumes slar energy.
B.It perates well in remte lcatins.
C.It requires fewer technlgies.
D.It stres slar energy fr transprtatin.
10.Why des the authr mentin Katar’s wrds?
A.T intrduce their alternative thinking.
B.T shw the rigin f their inspiratin.
C.T recgnize the value f their device.
D.T explain the reasns fr their success.
11.What des paragraph 6 mainly talk abut?
A.The efficiency f different devices.
B.Functinal prcesses f the system.
C.The cperatin f the team members.
D.The wrking surrundings f the system.
12.What are the researchers planning t d?
A.Prduce green energy.
B.Launch a trial f the reactr.
C.Replace existing fuels.
D.Create a large-sized mirrr.
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莱斯大学和广东工业大学的研究人员合作开发了一种开创性的处理高盐有机废水的方法 —— 采用医学上常用的透析技术,阐述了该方法的原理、优势以及对废水处理的重要意义。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Hwever,the high salt cntent in these wastewaters pses serius challenges fr existing treatment prcesses.”可知,当前废水处理面临的主要挑战是废水中的高盐含量。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They set up a system where salty wastewater and fresh water flwed in ppsite directins n either side f a special membrane,withut needing pumps.Due t the difference in salt cncentratins between wastewater and fresh water,salt naturally mves int the fresh water while rganic substances are kept back.”可知,在处理废水的透析过程中,浓度差起到了关键作用。
易错点拨:本题易错选B项。部分考生可能因“压力驱动”是常见的水处理技术(如反渗透)而误选B项,但透析技术的核心原理是浓度差驱动的扩散,而非压力。需注意原文细节的对比(如“withut needing pumps”和“desn’t rely n extra pressure”)。
3.A 词句猜测题。根据第四段内容可知,透析为将废水处理厂转变为资源回收工厂创造了机会,这与循环经济的原则是一致的,所以“aligning”的意思最接近 “Matching(匹配,相一致)”。
4.C 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Researchers at Rice University,in partnership with Guangdng University f Technlgy,have develped a grundbreaking methd fr it — adpting dialysis (透析) technlgy cmmnly used in medicine.” 以及下文对该方法的介绍可知,本文主要讲的是透析技术为废水处理提供了一条新途径。所以最佳标题为“透析:污水处理的新途径”。
提分干货
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脑机接口技术及其利弊和潜在风险。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It is ften used as assisted living devices fr individuals with neurmuscular disrders such as strke r spinal crd injury.”可知,脑机接口技术常被用于帮助患有神经肌肉疾病的人,受伤后无法移动的病人属于这类人群,所以他们可能从脑机接口技术中受益最多。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Hwever,Invasive BCI tls require surgery as they are t be implanted beneath the skull,directly int the brain,t target specific sets f neurns,thus prviding a much clearer and mre accurate signal between the brain and the device.”可知,侵入式脑机接口能够实现精确的神经记录。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。原文明确提到,非侵入式BCI(Nn-invasive BCI)的信号可能模糊且不精确(“their signals may be indistinct and imprecise”),而侵入式BCI(Invasive BCI)由于直接植入大脑,能提供更清晰、更准确的信号(“prviding a much clearer and mre accurate signal”)。因此,A项与原文完全相反,是错误选项。
7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Ethicists fear that captured neural signals can be used t gain access t a user’s private infrmatin.On the ther hand,because BCI chips and devices capture signals directly frm a subject’s nervus system,this transmitted data can be extracted fr evil purpses,r even the whle BCI system can be brken int by cybercriminals.”可知,脑机接口技术可能带来的潜在风险是大脑数据被盗取。
8.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,使用脑机接口技术有可能增强使用者的身体和认知能力。此外,这项研究在伦理方面也存在一些令人担忧的问题。这其中包括隐私和安全问题。作者希望在未来脑机接口技术商业化推出之前,这些问题能够得到解决。由此可推知,作者一方面看到了脑机接口技术存在的问题和风险,另一方面又希望这些问题能得到解决,所以作者对脑机接口技术的态度是谨慎乐观的。
提分干货
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了剑桥大学的研究人员通过太阳能反应堆来制造汽车和飞机的燃料,用于在偏远地区或没有电网地区产生燃料。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The researchers,frm the University f Cambridge,say their slar-pwered reactr culd be used t make fuel t pwer cars and planes.”可知,反应堆消耗太阳能。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘What if,instead f pumping CO2 undergrund,we made smething useful frm it?’ said first authr Dr.Sayalee Katar frm Cambridge’s Yusuf Hamied Department f Chemistry.‘CO2 is a harmful greenhuse gas,but it can als be turned int useful chemicals.’”可知,作者提到Katar的话是为了介绍他们的非传统性思维。
11.B 段落大意题。根据第六段内容可知,第六段主要讲了系统的功能流程。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然第六段提到“A mirrr n the reactr cncentrates the sunlight,making the prcess mre efficient.”(反应器上的镜子集中阳光,提高效率),但这只是系统功能的一个细节,而非段落主旨。段落的核心是描述系统如何从空气中捕获CO2并在阳光下转化为合成气(syngas),即系统的工作流程(Functinal prcesses),而非单纯比较效率。
12.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They are building a larger versin f the reactr and hpe t begin tests in the spring.”可知,研究人员计划启动反应堆试验。
提分干货
高频
词汇
1.substance n.物质 2.cntent n.含量
3.amunt n.数量4.cnsumptin n.消费;消耗
5.maintenance n.维护
熟词
生义
1.cncentratin (生) n.浓度 (熟) n.专心
2.pse (生) n.造成;引起 (熟) n. 姿势
重点
短语
1.large quantities f 大量的
2.be harmful t 对……有害
3.set up 建立
4.rely n 依赖
把……转变为……
难句
分析
The researchers selected cmmercial ultrafiltratin membranes (超滤膜) which were designed t let salt pass thrugh while trapping rganic substances.
分析:本句为主从复合句。which were designed t let salt pass thrugh为which引导的定语从句;while trapping rganic substances为状语从句的省略。
译文:研究人员选择了商用超滤膜,它们的设计目的是让盐通过,同时捕获有机物质。
高频
词汇
1.charming adj.迷人的
2.anxiety n.焦虑
3.addictin n.瘾;嗜好
4.basically adv.基本上
5.accurate adj.准确的
6.enhance vt. 增强
熟词
生义
1.pineer (生) v. 倡导 (熟) n.先锋
2.track (生) v.追踪;跟踪 (熟) n.小道;足迹
重点
短语
1.be flded with 充满
2.carry ut 执行,实施
3.result frm 由……引起
4.gain access t 获得进入权限;取得使用权
难句
分析
Mvies and sci-fi nvels have made us fantasize abut a sciety flded with humanid rbts that help free us frm mind-numbing tasks while we fcus n things that require ur attentin r simply relax.
分析:本句为主从复合句。that help free us frm mind-numbing tasks为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词humanid rbts;while we fcus n things为while引导时间状语从句;that require ur attentin r simply relax为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词things。
译文:电影和科幻小说让我们幻想着一个充斥着人形机器人的社会,当我们专注于需要我们注意的事情或仅仅是放松时,它们可以帮助我们从大脑麻木的任务中解脱出来。
高频
词汇
1.cnvert vt.转化
2.prpse vt.建议;提出
3.prmising adj.有希望的;有前途的
熟词
生义
cncentrate (生) vt. 使集中;聚集 (熟) vi.集中(注意力);聚精会神
重点
短语
1.what if 倘使……将会怎样
2.take in吸收
难句
分析
When the sun cmes ut,the sunlight heats up the cllected gas,starting a chemical reactin that cnverts the gas int slar syngas.
分析:本句为主从复合句。When the sun cmes ut为when引导的时间状语从句;that cnverts the gas int slar syngas为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词chemical reactin。
译文:当太阳出来时,阳光加热收集的气体,开始化学反应,将气体转化为太阳能合成气。