高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解之推理判断（复习课件）（全国通用）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解之推理判断（复习课件）（全国通用），共58页。PPT课件主要包含了1思维导图，北京西城模拟等内容，欢迎下载使用。
剖析考情动向 精研考点分布
搭建知识网络 整合能力体系
破解考点规律 攻克解题难关
考点一 考查引申推断题
1. （2025年新高考一卷·阅读理解B27；2.5分）I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin. Hwever, my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance — the ability t cnnect peple, t put us in anther’s skin, t teach us what it means t be human.27. What des the authr’s experience shw?A. Teaching is learning.B. Still waters run deep.C. Knwledge is pwer.D. Practice makes perfect.
【答案】A【解析】A推理判断题。根据最后一段“I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin. Hwever, my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance — the ability t cnnect peple, t put us in anther’s skin, t teach us what it means t be human. 结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning(教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。
（2025年新高考一卷·阅读理解B25；2.5分）But things were different fr their first essay, which was abut the questin: “Why is writing imprtant?” Mst f the essays filled less than ne page, and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shcked. Then I realized that the prblem was the questin itself. They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers, but writing, in and f itself, simply didn’t strike them as imprtant. This wuld have t change. 25. Why did the students perfrm prly in writing their first essay?A. They were nt given enugh time.B. They had a very limited vcabulary.C. They misunderstd the questin.D. They had little interest in the tpic.
【答案】D　【解析】D推理判断题。根据第二段中“Mst f the essays filled less than ne page, and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shcked. Then I realized that the prblem was the questin itself. They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers, but writing, in and f itself, simply didn’t strike them as imprtant.可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。
知识点：如何进行引申推断根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。
能力：根据文章中的定位内容进行引申推断，得出相应的结论。
（2）引申推断的设问方式1. What can be inferred abut the ．What can be inferred abut the last paragraph?3．What can we learn frm ．What can we infer abut frm the text?（3）错误选项的特点1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现nly, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
（4）解题技巧：引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
After finishing his training, Jhn started his wn wrkshp. His days are nw spent bringing damaged and aging furniture back t its frmer glry. The wrk is challenging, requiring careful analysis and a steady hand. Hwever, the greatest reward cmes frm the emtinal cnnectin he builds with his clients. Often, they bring items f great emtinal value — a grandmther’s favrite chair r a table arund which a family has gathered fr decades. Seeing their jyful reactins upn seeing a cherished piece restred is, fr Jhn, the mst satisfying part f his jb.What can we infer frm Paragraph 3 abut Jhn’s wrk?A．It mainly fcuses n repairing expensive furnitureB．The emtinal satisfactin utweighs the technical challengesC．Clients ften cmplain abut the high cst f restratinD．It requires little skill but much patience
（2026·江苏省扬州市七校月考）
【答案】B、【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“The wrk is challenging, requiring careful analysis and a steady hand. Hwever, the greatest reward cmes frm the emtinal cnnectin he builds with his clients. Often, they bring items f great emtinal value — a grandmther’s favrite chair r a table arund which a family has gathered fr decades. Seeing their jyful reactins upn seeing a cherished piece restred is, fr Jhn, the mst satisfying part f his jb. (这项工作很有挑战性，需要仔细的分析和稳定的手。然而，最大的回报来自于他与客户建立的情感联系。他们经常带来具有巨大情感价值的物品——祖母最喜欢的椅子或一家人围坐了几十年的桌子。看到他们看到心爱的物品被修复后的喜悦反应，对Jhn来说，这是他工作中最令人满意的部分。)”可知，Jhn的工作虽然具有挑战性，但最大的回报来自于与客户建立的情感联系，看到他们心爱的物品被修复后的喜悦反应，这对他来说是最令人满意的部分。由此可推断，情感上的满足感超过了技术上的挑战。故选B。
Tw years ag, she felt trapped by endless husewrk and an unhappy marriage. She was desperate fr an escape. The turning pint came in March 2023 at a live shw f a female cmedian where, during audience interactin, Fang humrusly intrduced herself as “the directr f the infrmatin center” in her village. Fang’s quick-witted, humrus answer stle the shw, and the clip later went viral nline. Impressed, the cmedian invited Fang t jin a cmedy training sessin, and even gt Fang’s travel, accmmdatin, and training expenses cvered. That marked the beginning f Fang’s jurney int becming a stand-up cmedian. Stand-up became her-emtinal release, giving her the curage t leave her 30-year marriage. In her debut-n the cmedy cmpetitin, Fang delivered a hilarius yet tuching set abut hw the stand-up cmedy empwered her t divrce her husband and build a new life with her tw daughters. What can be inferred abut Fang’s cmedy training?A．It was funded by her family.B．It required years t cmplete.C．It came after her viral mment.D．It fcused n basic writing skills.
（2026·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学月考五））
【答案】C【进行】推理判断题。根据第二段尾句“Fang’s quick-witted, humrus answer stle the shw, and the clip later went viral nline.(她机智又风趣的回答惊艳全场，相关片段随后在网上走红)”以及第三段首句“Impressed, the cmedian invited Fang t jin a cmedy training sessin, and even gt Fang’s travel, accmmdatin, and training expenses cvered.(这位喜剧演员深受触动，邀请房主任参加喜剧训练营，甚至包揽了她的交通、住宿和培训费用)”可知，房主任是在视频走红之后，才获得了参加喜剧培训的机会。由此可推断，她的喜剧培训是在走红之后开展的。故选C项。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
（2025年全国一卷·阅读理解D34；2.5分）
Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. Additinally, the research didn’t include all types f plastics. The team fcused nly n three cmmn types — plystyrene, plyethylene and plyprpylene — and they didn’t study ther chemicals previusly fund in water such as vinyl chlride. Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly difficult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught. 34. What des the authr try t illustrate by mentining bttled water in paragraph 4?A. The imprtance f plastic recycling.B. The severity f the micrplastic prblem.C. The danger in verusing pure water.D. The difficulty in treating plluted water.
【答案】B【解析】B推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly diffcult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught.可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
（2024·新课标I卷·阅读B27，2.5）
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”27. Why des the authr mentin the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin?A. T prve Farber’s pint. B. T emphasize its imprtance.C. T praise veterinarians. D. T advcate animal prtectin.
【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。
知识点：如何判断写作目的和意图
此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
（2）目的意图题的设问方式 What is the main purpse f the authr writing the text?The purpse f the text is t get mre peple t _______.The writer f the stry wants t tell us that________.The fact…is mentined by the authr t shw________.The authr writers the last paragraph in rder t ________.（3）解题技巧：写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
（2026·河北省邢台市高三月考）
Oceana als estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 millin kilgrams f the cmpany’s plastic packaging will be plluting the wrld’s cean and waterways. The reprt says that this amunt is enugh t fill the stmachs f 18 millin blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using the cmpany’s wn reprted data n its use f plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a frecast f the cmpany’s future sales grwth based n past trends. A 2024 study fund that a main prduct by the cmpany is already the wrld’s wrst plastic-plluting brand. Why des the authr mentin “18 millin blue whales” in paragraph 2?A．T reprt the data f the injured whales.B．T prve the success f wildlife cnservatin.C．T present the cmpany’s future sales grwth.D．T shw the shcking amunt f plastic waste.
Oceana als estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 millin kilgrams f the cmpany’s plastic packaging will be plluting the wrld’s cean and waterways. The reprt says that this amunt is enugh t fill the stmachs f 18 millin blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using the cmpany’s wn reprted data n its use f plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a frecast f the cmpany’s future sales grwth based n past trends. A 2024 study fund that a main prduct by the cmpany is already the wrld’s wrst plastic-plluting brand.
【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Oceana als estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 millin kilgrams f the cmpany’s plastic packaging will be plluting the wrld’s cean and waterways. The reprt says that this amunt is enugh t fill the stmachs f 18 millin blue whales. (Oceana还估计，到2030年，该公司每年将有6.02亿公斤的塑料包装污染全球海洋和水道。报告称，这个数量足以填满1800万头蓝鲸的胃)”可知，提到1800万头蓝鲸是为了凸显塑料垃圾数量惊人。故选D项。
（2026·浙江省北斗星盟高三一模）
Yvette Henry was in her kitchen fixing up dinner. S were all fur f her kids. Then she remembered a TikTk vide abut “living rm kids” and “bedrm kids,” and realized she and her husband had built a hme dynamic where their children felt emtinally safe in shared spaces. A living rm kid refers t a child wh spends much f their hme time in shared spaces such as the living rm, kitchen r dining rm. A bedrm kid refers t a child wh spends mst f their free time in the privacy f their bedrm. If yu’re a parent, pay attentin t yur children’s needs and what rms they prefer. There’s nthing wrng with either.Why is Yvette Henry’s stry mentined in the first paragraph?A．T present a parenting cncept.B．T criticize a cmmn family prblem.C．T intrduce a ppular scial media platfrm.D．T highlight the imprtance f family harmny.
【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Yvette Henry was in her kitchen fixing up dinner. S were all fur f her kids. Then she remembered a TikTk vide abut “living rm kids” and “bedrm kids,” and realized she and her husband had built a hme dynamic where their children felt emtinally safe in shared spaces. (Yvette Henry当时正在厨房准备晚餐，她的四个孩子也都在厨房帮忙。这时，她想起了一个关于“客厅孩子”（指常待在客厅等共享空间的孩子）和“卧室孩子”（指常待在自己卧室的孩子）的TikTk视频，随即意识到，她和丈夫营造了一种家庭氛围，让孩子们在共享空间里能感受到情感上的安全。)”以及第二段中“A living rm kid refers t a child wh spends much f their hme time in shared spaces such as the living rm, kitchen r dining rm. A bedrm kid refers t a child wh spends mst f their free time in the privacy f their bedrm. (“客厅孩子”指的是那些在家时大部分时间都待在客厅、厨房或餐厅等共享空间里的孩子。“卧室孩子”则是指那些大部分空闲时间都在自己卧室这个私密空间里度过的孩子。)”可知，第一段通过讲述了Yvette Henry一家的情况，提出了“客厅孩子”和“卧室孩子”两个概念；接着文章围绕“客厅孩子”和“卧室孩子”展开讨论，介绍了这两种不同的家庭动态。由此可推断，第一段提到Yvette Henry的故事是为了呈现一种育儿观念，即关注孩子在家庭共享空间和私人空间中的不同表现和需求。故选A项。
考点三 考查写作态度题
（2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解C31）
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”31. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?A. Appreciative. B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
【答案】A【解析】推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D35）
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.”Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus. (　)35.What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Dubtful. D. Apprving.
【答案】D　【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.”可知,虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性,仍然存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推知,作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。
知识点：如何判断观点态度题
（1） 思维导图（2）解题方法：做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssible, impssible, seem, strange等。褒义词有：supprtive(支持的)；psitive(积极的)；ptimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；irnic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappinted(失望的)等。中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；bjective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
（2026·河南省天一大联考顶尖计划）
Scientific evidence nw supprts what these farmers have lng understd. A recent study in Nature Cmmunicatins Earth & Envirnment fund that ver half f the recgnised Afr-descendant lands lie within the mst bilgically rich regins n Earth. In Ecuadr, the figure reaches an astnishing 99%. Frest lss within these territries is 29% lwer than in state-prtected areas and 55% lwer than in their surrundings — evidence that traditinal cultivatin can be ne f nature’s mst effective friends.The rts f this knwledge reach back t the 1500s, when Africans carried their farming wisdm acrss the Atlantic. Once in the Americas, they cmbined African and lcal crps — beans, rice, peas, and thers — t create sustainable gardens. By imitating (模仿) the frest’s diversity t survive unseen, they unknwingly built a lasting mdel f cexistence with nature.Tday, surrunded by endless sugar fields, nly a few ld family farms are left. Yet inside them, scientists keep finding hundreds f kinds f plants and insects — a living sign f strength and new life. “Fd frests,” Gnzález says, “are everything. They are life itself, wherever they grw.”What is the authr’s attitude twards fd frests?A．Critical. B．Dubtful. C．Appreciative. D．Uncaring.
【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Frest lss within these territries is 29% lwer than in state-prtected areas and 55% lwer than in their surrundings — evidence that traditinal cultivatin can be ne f nature’s mst effective friends.(这些区域的森林消失率，比国家保护区低29%，比周边区域低55%——这一事实证明，传统耕作模式可以成为助力自然保护的绝佳方式之一)”以及最后一段“Yet inside them, scientists keep finding hundreds f kinds f plants and insects — a living sign f strength and new life. (然而，在这些森林中，科学家们不断发现数百种植物和昆虫——这是力量和新生的鲜活标志)”可推知，作者对食物森林持赞赏态度。故选C项。
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B26）
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgramme at fur lw-incme schls. The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramill’s students live in neighburhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.“We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.She adds that the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(　)26.Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgramme?A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Shrt-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
【答案】A　【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramill的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
描写人物、事物特征的形容词generus慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； utging外向的；easy-ging随和的；rganized有条理的；mdest谦虚的；ptimistic乐观的；cautius小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；respnsible负责任的； determined有决心的；mdest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitius有雄心的；adventurus冒险的；cperative 有合作意识的；hnest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；cnfident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；vluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humrus adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innvative创新的；tlerant忍受的；psitive 积极的；cmmitted坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；cnsiderate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappinted失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappinted失望的；shcked震惊的；verjyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；srrwful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardwrking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；prud自豪的； curageus勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
知识点：如何判断人物或事件的特征
（1）人物和事件特征的设问方式1．Which f the fllwing best ．Accrding t the text, which wrds can best describe f the fllwing best describe accrding t Paragraph wuld the authr feel abut the utcme f the event?5.What did the authr think f （2）解题技巧把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
（2026·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学月考五）
Yang Tianzhen, a judge n the shw, remarks that Fang embdies the, resilient spirit f Chinese wmen with strength created frm misfrtune. Tan Xiabng, prducer f the shw, admits she initially had dubts when first encuntering Fang’s auditin tape. When they met in persn, all her dubts vanished. Her raw authenticity and strng ability t cnsistently transfrm life experiences int cmedy made casting her an undeniable chice. Raised in pverty, Fang left schl early fr factry wrk. After marriage, she carried heavy dmestic duties. Discvering cmedy thrugh pdcasts pened a new wrld. After initial struggles at pen mics, she fund her vice. “Stand-up sn became my release. Cmedy helped me make peace with life,” Fang says. Cmedy became bth emtinal relief and a path t independence. She cncluded pwerfully by marking her milestnes: signing as a cmedian n April 8, 2023. Mrever, her daughter praised her natural talent and perseverance, seeing her as an inspiring example. Which tw wrds best describe Fang Zhuren?A．Resilient and persistent.B．Ambitius and arrgant.C．Cautius and cnservative.D．Humrus and cnsiderate.
【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句评委的评价“Fang embdies the resilient spirit f Chinese wmen with strength created frm misfrtune.(房主任身上体现了中国女性在困境中淬炼出力量的坚韧精神)”，以及第五段“After initial struggles at pen mics, she fund her vice.(在经历了开放麦初期的挣扎后，她找到了自己的表演风格)”和以及“Mrever, her daughter praised her natural talent and perseverance, seeing her as an inspiring example.(此外，她的女儿称赞她天赋过人且坚韧不拔，将她视为催人奋进的榜样)”可知，Resilient（坚韧的）和persistent（执着的）最能精准描述房主任的性格特质。故选A项。
描述词补充描述人物特征：generus慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的；苛求的；费力的；要求极严的；难满足的；impatient不耐烦的；utging外向的；easy-ging随和的；描述事件特征：grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；innvative创新的；psitive积极的；ashamed惭愧的；regretful后悔的；disappinted失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappinted失望的；shcked震惊的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；srrwful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；sensitive敏感的。
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.In this “bk f bks”, artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t. Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.(　)28.Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?A. An intrductin t a bk. B. An essay n the art f writing.C.A guidebk t a museum. D.A review f mdern paintings.
（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C28）
【答案】A　【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.”(《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品——书籍的颂扬,在这本书中,书籍被来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品展示。)及下文内容可知,本文主要是对于《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知,本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, pster海报，travel brchure旅游指南，jurnal杂志，instructin说明书, digest文摘，science jurnal科学期刊等词。 第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。牢记选项词。 第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
知识点：如何判断文章出处题
（2）文章出处的设问方式①Where is this text prbably taken frm?②In which sectin f a website can the text appear?（3）解题技巧“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。课件展示类文章(a class presentatin)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如Fr mre infrmatin, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news reprt)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。图书评论类文章(a bk review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
（2026·河南省青桐鸣高三12月联考）
A new high-strength, degradable surgical adhesive (黏合剂) develped at the Suth China University f Technlgy ffers a simple and highly effective way t stp bleeding, seal air leaks in the lungs, and even repair brken bnes. Created by Prfessr Shi Xueta and his team, this new type f glue represents a majr breakthrugh in medical adhesives. Where is the text prbably taken frm?A．A medical textbk.B．A persnal blg pst.C．A prduct advertisement.D．A science news reprt.
A new high-strength, degradable surgical adhesive (黏合剂) develped at the Suth China University f Technlgy ffers a simple and highly effective way t stp bleeding, seal air leaks in the lungs, and even repair brken bnes. Created by Prfessr Shi Xueta and his team, this new type f glue represents a majr breakthrugh in medical adhesives.
【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“A new high-strength, degradable surgical adhesive (黏合剂) develped at the Suth China University f Technlgy ffers a simple and highly effective way t stp bleeding, seal air leaks in the lungs, and even repair brken bnes. Created by Prfessr Shi Xueta and his team, this new type f glue represents a majr breakthrugh in medical adhesives.结合文章主要说明了华南理工大学团队研发出一种高强度可降解医用黏合剂，可止血、封肺漏气、修骨折，对肺部伤口密封率达100%，已进入技术转化阶段，有望提升手术效果与患者安全性。可知，文章是一则科学新闻报道。故选D。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
（2023•全国乙卷·阅读理解C31）
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists. It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients(配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK's bsessin(痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking. (　)31.What might the authr cntinue talking abut?A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists. It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients(配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK's bsessin(痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
【答案】B　【解析】推理判断题。根据文章尾句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it?s n lnger ‘uncl’ fr bys t like cking.”可知,随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上,男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。
做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。
知识点：如何判断文章走势
（1）判断方式利用因果关系推断、利用对比关系推断、利用文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话推断。（2）文章走势的设问方式1. What will be discussed further in the cming paragraph?2．What may the researchers d next accrding t the last paragraph?3．What wuld the authr mst prbably discuss next?4．Where des the article g next?5.What wuld the fllwing paragraph talk abut?（3）解题技巧对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
（2026·河南省湘豫联考）
Frm their remains it becmes pssible t piece tgether certain facts abut ancient scieties n the tip f civilizatin. First, it is clear that the earliest settlements already had significant scial divisins. Hunter-gatherer scieties have very few scial divisins. All members f the grup are rughly equal in scial pwer. One f the features f civilizatin is the increasing cmplexity f scial divisins, and with them, f scial grade. In Catal Huyuk, tmbs (坟墓) have revealed that sme peple were buried with jewelry and wealth, while thers were buried with practically nthing. It is very clear that even at such an ancient time, there were already majr divisins between rich and pr.What wuld the text discuss abut next?A．A further illustratin f scial divisins.B．The cmplexity f these early settlements.C．The explratin f ancient burial practices.D．A cntrast f the agricultural prductivity.
【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“First, it is clear that the earliest settlements already had significant scial divisins. Hunter-gatherer scieties have very few scial divisins. All members f the grup are rughly equal in scial pwer. One f the features f civilizatin is the increasing cmplexity f scial divisins, and with them, f scial grade. In Catal Huyuk, tmbs (坟墓) have revealed that sme peple were buried with jewelry and wealth, while thers were buried with practically nthing. It is very clear that even at such an ancient time, there were already majr divisins between rich and pr.(首先，很明显，最早的定居点已经有了显著的社会划分。狩猎采集社会几乎没有社会分化。这个群体的所有成员在社会权力上大致相等。文明的特征之一是社会划分日益复杂，社会等级也随之复杂。在catalal Huyuk，坟墓显示，一些人被埋葬时带着珠宝和财富，而另一些人被埋葬时几乎什么都没有。很明显，即使在如此古老的时代，贫富之间也已经有了很大的分歧)”可知，文章最后聚焦早期定居点的社会分化，按行文逻辑，接下来可能会进一步阐释这一社会分化现象。故选A项。
考点七 考查写作手法
（2025年新高考一卷·阅读理解D32；2.5分）
Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?A. By quting an expert. B. By defining a cncept.C. By giving examples. D. By prviding statistics.
【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
知识点：写作手法题解题指导
类型1、指文章的组织方式；2、全文或某个段落所运用的写作方法。题目特点:Hw did the researchers carry ut the new study?Hw did researchers cllect evidence fr the study?Hw did the researchers reach their cnclusin?This advertisement is made mre believable byThe authr supprts his view byHw did the tw prfessrs reach the cnclusin f their study?In which way did researchers draw a cnclusin?必备词汇:by analyzing different categries分析不同的类别analyzing the reasns分析原因classifying分类
cmparing data比较数据cmparing the statistics比较统计数据cnducting experiments进行实验写作手法题解题技巧根据"原文定位"来判断先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:fr example，fr instance②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词:as a result/cnsequence!ens③by giving definitin通过下定义。标志词:that is t say ④by listing data statistics/figures通过列数字。标志词:具体数字⑤by describing a prcess通过描述过程。标志词:first，secnd，third，finally⑥by fllwing time rder遵作时间顺序。标志词:in1920，in the 1940s，nwadays⑦by making cmparisn/cntrast通过对比。标志词:but, while,⑧by making classificatins 过分类。标志词⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词:That is
（2026·辽宁省点石联考东北“三省一区”月考）
The device was tested in a study with mre than 12,700 peple ver the curse f a year. The results shwed that the AI stethscpe was able t detect unusual heart activity that a dctr might miss with a traditinal stethscpe. Patients examined with the AI stethscpe were als twice as likely t have their heart failure sptted. And the device was 3.5 times mre likely t detect atrial fibrillatin, which is an irregular heartbeat, and was better at detecting when ne r mre f a patient’s heart valves were nt wrking prperly. Hw des the authr prve the new stethscpe’s effectiveness?A．By quting experts.B．By prviding data.C．By analyzing causes.D．By ffering cmments.
【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The device was tested in a study with mre than 12,700 peple ver the curse f a year. The results shwed that the AI stethscpe was able t detect unusual heart activity that a dctr might miss with a traditinal stethscpe. Patients examined with the AI stethscpe were als twice as likely t have their heart failure sptted. And the device was 3.5 times mre likely t detect atrial fibrillatin, which is an irregular heartbeat, and was better at detecting when ne r mre f a patient’s heart valves were nt wrking prperly.(这款设备在一项为期一年、涉及12700多人的研究中接受了测试。结果显示，这款人工智能听诊器能够检测出医生使用传统听诊器可能遗漏的心脏异常活动。使用该听诊器检查的患者，其心力衰竭被发现的概率也提高了一倍。而且该设备检测心房颤动（一种心律不齐症状）的概率是传统听诊器的3.5倍，在检测患者心脏瓣膜异常方面也表现更优。)”可知，作者通过列举具体数据来证明这款新型听诊器的检测有效性。故选B项。
考点八 考查读者对象
（2026·四川省成都市诊断性考试）
We have been busy wrking n sme exciting changes t ur free cllectin displays at Tate Britain. Discver new stries and vices alngside much-lved familiar favurites. Carnatin, Lily, Lily, Rse by Jhn Singer SargentIn Carnatin, Lily, Lily, Rse (1885) Jhn Singer Sargent paints tw children frm life as they light Chinese lanterns in a garden f flwers n a twilit summer evening. It tk almst a year t finish, prbably because he culd nly paint fr a few minutes every evening when the light was exactly right. Ophelia by Sir Jhn Everett Millais, BarnetOphelia (1851) is a visitr favurite, ur tp-selling pstcard and ne f the mst ppular Pre-Raphaelite wrks in Tate's cllectin. Millais painted the tragic death f Shakespeare's Ophelia in painstaking detail ver many mnths. Artist, pet and mdel Elizabeth Siddal psed fr the painting, wearing a wedding dress in a bathtub f water in Millais's studi. Nrham Castle, Sunrise by JMW TurnerNrham Castle, Sunrise (1845) is an unfinished painting created late in JMW Turner's career. Turner saw the castle during his first tur f Nrthern Britain and painted the scene many times in his life. Dreams Have N Titles by Zineb SediraDreams Have N Titles (2022) is a film cmbining the artist’s life stry with fictin and dcumentary and using nn-prfessinal actrs. Sedira, her parents, sn and friends all appear in this film abut cmmunity and cnnectin. It was made during the 60th anniversary f Algeria’s independence frm French ccupatin.Wh is this text mst prbably intended fr?A．Bk cllectrs.B．Film lvers.C．Art enthusiasts.D．Envirnmental activists.
知识点： 读者对象题解题指导
1.【提问方式】1) Wh is the passage written fr_____?2) The text is written mainly fr_____. 3) Wh are the intended readers f the passage?4) The passage is prbably written fr______. 5) Wh might be mst interested in this piece f infrmatin?6) The passage is prbably written by________. 2.【技巧点拨】 要理解短文内容，特别是要从作者的措辞和语气去判断这篇文章是为谁而写和哪些人写的。
（2026·河南省新未来质量检测）
But mre than definitin and clarificatin, we need cntextualizatin — t lk arund the term as we use it and see when and hw it’s used, and what kind f reactin it causes when that happens. Here, there’s a lt t lk at: hw t teach it, hw t assess it, what rle it plays in the learning prcess, hw t use it in misleading schl missin statements, hw t casually drp it in classrm walkthrughs r walkthrugh dcuments.Wh is mst likely t be the target audience fr this article?A．prfessin seekers.B．Curse designers.C．Thughtful parents.D．Self-learning students.
But mre than definitin and clarificatin, we need cntextualizatin — t lk arund the term as we use it and see when and hw it’s used, and what kind f reactin it causes when that happens. Here, there’s a lt t lk at: hw t teach it, hw t assess it, what rle it plays in the learning prcess, hw t use it in misleading schl missin statements, hw t casually drp it in classrm walkthrughs r walkthrugh dcuments.
【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Here, there’s a lt t lk at: hw t teach it, hw t assess it, what rle it plays in the learning prcess, hw t use it in misleading schl missin statements, hw t casually drp it in classrm walkthrughs r walkthrugh dcuments.(在这里，有很多内容值得探讨：如何教授它、如何评估它、它在学习过程中扮演着怎样的角色、如何将其运用在具有误导性的学校使命宣言中、又如何在课堂巡查或巡查报告中随意提及它)”可知，课程设计者最有可能是本文的目标读者。故选B。
Plants, and the insects which rely n them, are the living fundatins f ur planet. But these fundatins are under stress because we have a tendency t replace fields and frests with decrative trees and shrubs imprted frm arund the wrld. Adding t the prblem, ur bsessin (痴迷) with perfectin leads us t use a lt f pesticides (杀虫剂). These actins are part f the reasn glbal bidiversity is crashing. There are ver three billin fewer wild birds in Nrth America than there were in 1970. Recent research shws that insect numbers, even in nature reserves, have fallen, and 40 percent f all insect species may be extinct within a few decades. This is discuraging news; hwever, there are actins we can take t help bring at least sme species back. The first step is t redefine ur cncept f “garden” t include mre than just plants. We need t intentinally share ur space, and nt just with the birds, bees and butterflies that visit ur flwers, but als with the little insects that may eat a part (very rarely all) f ur plants. Therefre, we must limit pesticide use. It’s crucial t supprt nature’s recvery, and it’s much better fr everyne: n dctr has ever recmmended lng-term expsure t pesticides.Many drught-tlerant plants brught in frm acrss the planet are being passed ff as ecfriendly. Hwever, mstly they’re nt. Yes, yu’re saving water, but these freign plants can becme disasters when they escape ur yards. Helping the envirnment can be abut mre than saving water. Even in drier areas, like the American West, the selectin f attractive native plants t chse frm is vast. If dry is yur style, there are native wildflwers, flwering bushes and trees that allw yu t save water and nature. Xeriscapes (节水型园艺) leave many gardeners thirsting fr green, and there’s an imprtant alternative that has been largely ignred. Fr thse disenchanted with dry landscaping, using underappreciated and water-lving native plants t make yur garden a real-life asis (绿洲) culd be lifesaving t wildlife. In nature, this unsung grup f native plants is limited t riparian znes, the narrw belts f green alng water bdies, but if cnsumers demand them, nurseries will increasingly carry these riparian species, and the presence f such plants in the garden will prvide fr many animals including nt just butterflies and their relatives but als clrful birds.
The ideal garden wuld ffer a cmbinatin f drught-tlerant native plants and a few species that need a little mre water, prviding ptins fr little guests and the bigger nes that will cme t eat them. As mre creatures stp by t share ur yards, we will be making nature, and us all, a little healthier.Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f ideas in the passage? CP: Central Pint        P: Pint        Sp: Sub-pint        C: Cnclusin
A. B.C. D.
【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段指出植物以及依赖它们的昆虫是我们星球的生命基础，但这个基础目前的状况并不乐观，并指出了造成这种情况的原因；第二段举例说明全球生物多样性减少，并引出下文的解决措施；这是中心论点。第三段开始讲解决问题的措施，提出了减少农药的使用；第四段和第五段谈的是节水措施；最后一段提出了理想的花园要有耐旱的本地植物和一些需要更多水的植物，就此得出结论，即人们要帮助大自然保持其生物多样性，因此文章的结构应为D项。故选D。
知识点：文章结构解题指导
1.篇章结构主要的设题方式常有： （1）Hw is the passage rganized?（2）Which f the fllwing best shws the structure/rganizatin f the passage? （3）What will the authr mst prbably talk abut next?（4）The authr develps the passage mainly by _________.（5）The first paragraph serves as a（n）  __________.（6）The example f … is given t shw/illustrate that__________.2.篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）。