专题一 阅读理解-2026年高考英语总复习课件

这是一份专题一 阅读理解-2026年高考英语总复习课件，共275页。PPT课件主要包含了细节理解题 ，Prices ，B　 ，C　 ，主旨大意题 ，A　 ，D　 ，推理判断题 ，意义猜测题 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
近三年新课标全国卷全方位分析表
综览上表可以看出,近三年高考英语阅读理解在题材上紧跟时代步伐,始终围绕着“人与自然、人与社会、人与自我”的主题,话题新颖且与时俱进,既拓宽学生国际视野,又培养学生中国情怀;题型稳定但对思维能力要求高(如:2025年全国卷新课标Ⅰ卷,推理判断题共7道,部分判断题需要考生全面把握文章内容,理清逻辑关系才能作答);语言难度持续攀升,对词汇量与长难句分析能力要求更高。因此,考生备考时应广泛涉猎各类题材文章,强化词汇积累(尤其是派生词、熟词僻义),提升长难句分析能力,有针对性地训练细节理解、推理判断等题型,以应对不断变化的考情。
英语阅读理解第二轮复习的核心目标是 “从‘会做’到‘做对’,从‘做对’到‘稳定得分’”。相较于第一轮的全面覆盖,第二轮需聚焦薄弱环节,通过精细化复盘和针对性训练,固化解题逻辑,提升对陷阱选项的敏感度。以下是具体策略:
细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中最基础、最常见的一类题型。它主要考查考生在文章中直接定位并准确理解特定信息的能力,通常占阅读理解题量的50%以上。这类题型核心考查考生 “从文本中精准定位、提取、比对具体信息” 的能力,要求答案严格对应原文细节,不依赖主观推测或过度引申。细节理解题常见的提问方式有:
Accrding t the passage/article... (根据文章……)Which f the fllwing is (NOT) true? (下列哪项是正确/错误的?)What/When/Where/Wh/Why/Hw... (针对具体细节提问)The authr says... (作者说……)The reasn fr... is that... (……的原因是……) because f... (……是因为……)
2025·新课标II卷阅读A篇(节选)Herefrd, HerefrdshireHerefrd has remained a lively market twn since 1189. Skirting the twn square, yu’ll find lvely shps, eateries, and the Black and White Huse Museum. The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive building in twn. It’s als hme t an ancient library. One f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there.  
21.Where can yu find an riginal cpy f the Magna Carta? A.In the Ludlw the Fdie Center f the Herefrd the Black and White Huse Museum.
【语篇概述】这篇阅读理解主要介绍了四个值得一游的英国小镇,其中一个是赫里福德镇(Herefrd),一个有着悠久历史的集市城镇。【技法运用】1.题干定位关键词:where;riginal cpy f the Magna Carta2.读原文找对应点:The Herefrd Cathedral;It’s als hme t an ancient library;riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there3.对比选项定答案:此题为直接信息题,答案一目了然,可知Herefrd Cathedral 是保存《大宪章》原始副本的地点之一。故选C。
　　 张冠李戴:将A做的事、说的话放到B身上。偷换概念:选项与原文内容部分相似,但核心名词、动词或程度词被偷偷修改。正反颠倒:选项的意思与原文完全相反。无中生有:选项内容在原文中完全未提及,但看起来很有道理。绝对化用词:选项中出现all、 never、 always、 must、 every等绝对化词汇,而原文是相对性表述(如ften、 smetimes、 likely),要特别警惕。
A(2025·北京高考节选)Jin us fr TransFrm, the interactive summer camp that helps yu teens find yur passin by participating in varius activities and cnnecting with thers.
Experience TransFrmTransFrm allws yu t get t fcus n yur chsen track thrugh subject matter talks, hands-n wrkshps, and ff-site experiences. Hwever, if yu are unsure what track yu want, yu still get t explre any wrkshp yu want as part f ur Explre Wrkshps. Besides, yur parents will als be able t participate in wrkshps selected just fr them t learn abut cutting-edge science.
Schedule f Prgramming
　　Prgramming Tracks·Agricultural Science: Intrducing yu t areas such as bilgy, urban farming, and envirnmental science s that yu can explre the field f agriculture·Cmmunity Bster: Guiding yu t develp innvative slutins fr real-wrld challenges and create transfrmative prgress t benefit all cmmunities
·Healthy Living: Empwering yu t make healthy decisins in such areas as nutritin and emtinal well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles·Science Lab: Leading yu t explre the skills yu need t succeed in life in key areas like cmputer science, rbtics, and physics
【语篇概述】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了青少年互动夏令营TransFrm的相关信息,包括活动体验、日程安排以及课程方向等内容。
1. TransFrm allws the teens t　　　.(　　) A. select wrkshps fr their parentsB. prepare track tpics fr the campC. design prgramme activitiesD. attend hands-n sessins
细节理解题(直接信息题)。根据 “Experience TransFrm” 部分,TransFrm 通过 “主题演讲、实践工作坊和实地体验” 让参与者专注所选方向。由此可知,其允许青少年参加实践课程,故选D。
细节理解题(直接信息题)。根据“Schedule f Prgramming”中的安排,18 July的活动安排里有“13:00—14:15 Yuth Panel(13:00—14:15 青少年小组讨论)”,所以青少年可以在18日参加青少年小组讨论活动。故选B。
2. Accrding t the schedule, which activity can the teens participate in?(　　)A. Keynte Speech n 17 July.B. Yuth Panel n 18 July.C. Celebratin n 19 July.D. Prgramme Shwcase n 20 July.
B(2024·石家庄高三教学质量检测节选)The UK has a rich literary heritage, with cities packed with bkshps, literary landmarks and cmfrtable cafes. If yu lve bks, try ne f these city breaks.
YrkEarning a remarkable “bkspiratin” scre f 9.4/10,Yrk has claimed the title f the best UK city fr bk lvers. Having the highest number f reading spts per 100,000 peple amng all cities analysed, literary lvers will find themselves spiled fr chice in this city. Hme t 20 libraries and 33 highly-rated bkshps, this serves as a significant literary resurce fr a city f its ppulatin size.Bks inspired by Yrk include: The Secret Garden, Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre
BathBath cmes secnd, receiving a final “bkspiratin” scre f 8.1/10. Beynd its plentiful quiet reading spts, mre than seven libraries and 16 bkshps per 100,000 peple,the city als ffers sufficient green spaces, perfect fr eager readers t dive int their favurite bks. It’s a dream destinatin fr thse with a preference fr Jane Austen’s wrks. It’s als hst t the annual Jane Austen Festival in September, featuring many immersive(沉浸式的)Regency-themed experiences.Bks inspired by Bath include: Nrthanger Abbey, Persuasin, Vathek
BelfastIn third place is Belfast, scring a respectable 7.3/10.The Nrthern Irish city has 18 libraries and 55 charming bkshps t chse frm. Serving as the backdrp f inspiratin fr CS Lewis’s The Chrnicles f Narnia, Belfast als has a bkish culture as it plays hst t an annual bk festival drawing in the natin’s biggest bkwrms.Bks inspired by Belfast include: Eureka Street, Mystery Man, The Star Factry
BristlBristl with a scre f 6.8/10 secures furth place t be a literary lver’s paradise. Thanks t its treasure f bkshps frm independent t secnd-hand, ver 17 bkshps per 100,000 peple, the lively Suth West city makes an incredible destinatin fr bk-shpping.Bks inspired by Bristl include: Shadw Dance, Birdcage Walk, Keep Him Clse
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了英国四个适合文学爱好者的城市(约克、巴斯、贝尔法斯特和布里斯托),每个城市都拥有丰富的书店、图书馆和文学地标。
3.Which city is the surce f the inspiratin fr Wuthering Heights?(　　)A. Yrk.　　　　　 B. Bath.C. Belfast.　　　　 D. Bristl.
细节理解题(直接信息题)。Yrk 部分明确提到 “受约克启发的书籍包括《呼啸山庄》”。可见《呼啸山庄》的灵感来自约克,故选A。
4.What can yu d during Jane Austen Festival?(　　)A. Rate bkstres f the city.B. Attend theme-based activities.C. Dive int CS Lewis’s bks.D. Take a Suth West city tur.
细节理解题(直接信息题)。Bath 部分指出 “每年 9 月举办简·奥斯汀节,提供摄政主题沉浸式体验”。说明节日期间可参加主题活动,故选B。
2025·新课标I卷阅读C篇(节选)While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead. 
28.What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in Paragraph 1? A.Cars ften get stuck n the rad. B.Traffic accidents ccur walk less and drive mre. D.Pedestrians fail t fllw the rules.
【语篇概述】这篇文章探讨了现代城市交通中的矛盾现象:尽管道路安全设施有所改善,但行人(尤其是儿童)的步行活动显著减少。许多家长因担心交通风险而选择驾车接送孩子上学,导致步行出行率下降,间接加剧了道路拥堵问题。
【技法运用】所谓间接信息题,就是一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息,要求考生在理解的基础上,对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。1.定位题干关键词:What phenmenn;in Paragraph 1。2.读原文找对应点:transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility;t much traffic n the rads;s they pack them int the car。
3.对比选项定答案:通过对原文找到的对应点的信息加工,即“化繁为简的概括”。因此,答案选C。选项A、B明显为干扰项,文中虽然有t much traffic n the rads,但没有任何accidents、get stuck相关信息的文字描述。D选项更是属于无中生有。
　　 原文重现:直接把原文的句子拿来当选项。这通常是细节题的答案,但却是推断题的典型陷阱。无中生有:选项内容在原文中完全找不到依据,属于主观臆断或常识判断(但可能常识是对的,文章没提就是错)。过度推断:推理得太过火,超出了原文支持的范围。偷换概念:使用了原文的一些词汇,但扭曲了逻辑关系或核心意思。绝对化:使用always、 never、 must、 all、 nne等绝对化词汇,往往不是正确选项。
A(2025·上海崇明高三二模节选)Travelling by rail hlds a rmantic and ld-fashined appeal that can’t be matched by flying r driving. By taking the slw rute, yu get t experience and interact with an area in a cmpletely different way.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四条很棒的铁路旅行路线。
THE ROYAL SCOTSMANHighlights: Pssibly the mst expensive train jurney in the wrld. Yu’ll be treated like a member f the mnarchy (王室). Superb cuisine, fine wines and carriages (火车客车厢) that lk like rms at Balmral Castle await thse willing t part with a minimum f ￡2350 per persn fr a tw-night trip.
1.Ella, wh’d like t experience first-rate service and taste excellent fd n the train, is mst likely t chse 　　　　.(　　) A.The Rcky MuntaineerB.Eastern and Oriental ExpressC.The GhanD.The Ryal Sctsman
细节理解题(间接信息题)。The Ryal Sctsman 部分提到 “提供绝佳美食、美酒,车厢如城堡房间,两晚之旅每人至少 2350 英镑”。Ella 想体验一流服务和美食,该列车最符合需求,故选D。
B(2024·石家庄高三教学质量检测节选)That gentle attendant might have said smething like, Excuse me? Or Pardn? But I culd nt even register (表达出) that he was speaking t me. I, in Paris fr the very first time, was apparently deaf t even the cues (提示) f vcal tne and facial expressin. Thugh I knew that my French was nt gd, it was then that I realized just being able t cunt t 15 and say“Jem’appelle Kyla”was nt ging t wrk.
I had tried very hard t learn sme French befre I went n my lng weekend. Despite all the available resurces, I’d really had n intentin f studying French in a meaningful way until I was in Paris. But as sn as I’d made up my mind, I ran int a radblck. As a teenager, I’d learned Spanish almst passively, never receiving less than an A.Meanwhile, I’d taken Russian fr a year, and learning a new alphabet and its grammar had given me an almst unshakable sense f cnfidence. S why, when trying t take up French, a language clsest t English, culd I nt even remember hw t use the mst rdinary verb, être?
When, mnths after my trip, I still hadn’t gtten much further, I started t I bad at this? And thugh I was nly in my 30s, was my lack f facility a result f aging?Yet alngside my frustratin (沮丧), a surprising feeling emerged. Nt discuragement—but delight in my failure. At 32, having lived in the same city fr ver ten years, having finished schl and started a career, having achieved many f the milestnes f yung adulthd, it had been s lng since I’d been an abslute beginner that being bad at smething actually felt refreshing.
What s many peple experience when they travel is the realizatin f hw big the wrld is and hw much mre f it there is than yu culd have imagined. That’s what I gained—an expanded sense f belief, nt limited by what I had already seen; a humble belief in the pwer f what I didn’t yet knw.
【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者法国旅行发生的事情和感受。
2.What prevented the authr understanding the attendant?(　　)A.The attendant’s authr’s authr’s pr attendant’s lw tne.
细节理解题(间接信息题)。第一段提到 “作者首次到巴黎,法语仅能数到 15、说名字,连语气和表情提示都不懂”。可推断作者因法语差,没理解服务员的意思,故选C。
3.What did the authr gain frm the travel experience in Paris?(　　)A.An increased ability t speak French.B.A desire t g abrad fr further study.C.A sense f penness t unknwn wrld.D.A feeling f accmplishment in career.
细节理解题(间接信息题)。最后一段作者提到 “获得了不受已知事物限制的扩展的信念,相信未知的力量”,可进一步概括为 “开放感”,即作者从旅行中获得对未知的开放感,故选C。
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A篇(节选)Bike Rental & Guided TursWelcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBikeMacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats, and children bikes.
　　Guided City TursThe 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
22.Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days? 　　　　　　　　　　　　A. 15.75. B. 22.75. D. 29.50.
【语篇概述】荷兰阿姆斯特丹的MacBike公司通过提供多样化的自行车租赁服务和城市导览游,推广自行车作为经济、可持续且有趣的城市探索方式。【技法运用】1.题干定位关键词:Hw much;fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears;fr tw days2.读原文找对应点:Hand Brake,Three Gears;
　　3.对比选项定答案:此题为数字计算题,14.75+8=22.75。故选C。有考生忽略了Each additinal day 这一栏而误选D。租赁每增加一天,不是14.75×2,而是8欧元。
偷换概念/张冠李戴:把A的价格说成是B的,把成人的价格说成是儿童的。信息干扰:文中给出多个时间点的多个价格,但题目只问其中一种情况。数字再现陷阱:正确计算所需的所有数字都出现在文中,但其中一个数字只是被提及,并非计算所需。单位不一致:比如,文中说“$70”,选项中是“￥70”;文中说“per hur”,选项中是“fr 3 hurs”。近似数或范围:问题可能是“abut hw much...”或“which f the fllwing is the clsest t...”,答案可能是一个估算值。
A(2024·湖北黄冈高三上学期期中节选)Rkery Bay Festival f BirdsJanuary 1-31Jin Rkery Bay Natinal Estuarine Research Reserve and partners in January fr the 2023 Festival f Birds. All mnth lng, festival participants can enjy expert speaker presentatins and virtual live adventures nline. This 19th annual event is hybrid, s yu can jin Rkery Bay Research Reserve frm wherever yu are! A festival pass is required and it includes free admissin t the Envirnmental Learning Center all mnth lng!
Virtual lectures•Brwn Pelican Bilgy by Rchelle Streker(1/6,2:00—2:45 pm)•Audubn Flrida’s Rftp Nesting Prgram by Rebekah Snyder(1/7,2:00—2:45 pm)•Birds Need Natural Climate Slutins by Renee Wilsn(1/13,2:00—2:45 pm)•The Race t Save Seabirds Arund the Glbe by Adam DiNuv(1/19,2:00—2:45 pm)•Birding Cast t Cast:The Life f a Big Year Birder by David McQuade(1/27,5:30—7:00 pm)
Live frm the Field(1/11,1/19 and 1/26,11:00—11:45 am).Jin Rkery Bay Research Reserve staff behind the scenes t bserve hw species and habitats in the Reserve are mnitred and cnserved fr future generatins.Included with yur Festival f Birds pass-$50•Children’s Bk Authr Signing•Bird Banding Demnstratin•Ec-Turs: bat turs at Rkery Bay Research Reserve
•Access t 24 trips t Area Htspts (additinal fees may apply):Big Cypress Nature Preserve, Bunche Beach Preserve, Clam Pass Park, Crkscrew Swamp Sanctuary, Dnna Fiala Eagle Lakes Cmmunity Park, Harns Marsh, Rkery Bay Research Reserve, and Tigertail Beach.Ntice: If yu purchase yur festival pass and use yur unique festival cde t register, yu will receive a 10% discunt.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了一个有关鸟类保护的节日及其相关活动。
1.Hw much shuld yu pay if yu register with yur festival cde?(　　)　　　　　　　　　　　　A.$40. B.$45.C.$50. D.$55.
数字计算题。观鸟节门票50美元,用专属代码注册可享10%折扣。计算得 50×(1-10%)=45美元,故选B。
B(2025·浙江诸暨高三一模节选) Best Washingtn, , wnderful museums that appeal t virtually any visitr’s interest. Frm large publicly funded institutins t small histric hmes, get ready t learn a great deal and find sme welcme surprises and bnus.
Smithsnian Natinal Museum f Natural HistryThere is smething fr everyne at this wrld-famus museum. It huses s many artifacts(手工艺品)that yu can’t pssibly see them all in ne visit. The dinsaur exhibits are fascinating and great fr kids. Then there’s amazing scenery in the IMAX films.Visiting Tip: If yu are visiting with kids, be sure t have a sht at hands-n activities.
Munt Vernn Estate and GardensLcated utside f the city, the hme f Gerge Washingtn is ften missed. The estate is the mst scenic turist attractin in the Washingtn, D.C. area. The histric residence is restred and decrated as it was when Washingtn lived there. The museum and educatin center features 25 state-f-the-art galleries and theaters that tell the stry f Washingtn’s life.Visiting Tip: Visit the Mansin first as it is usually the mst crwded.
Memrial MuseumThe museum is a memrial t the millins f Jews wh died during the Nazi regime in Germany during Wrld War II. The exhibits tell the hrrific stry f gencide and teach the dangers f hatred and prejudice. Visiting this museum is an emtinal experience. The permanent exhibits are nt recmmended fr children under 11.Visiting Tip: Timed passes are distributed fr the same day n a first cme, first served basis.
Internatinal Spy MuseumKids lve lking at spy devices and cameras at Internatinal Spy Museum, nt t mentin the interactive spy missins yu can try ut here.Visiting Tip: Tickets fr the museum start at $22.95 fr adults, $16.95 fr senirs, and $14.95 fr children ages 7 t 11, and children under 6 are free.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了华盛顿特区最著名的博物馆。
2.Hw much shuld a cuple with their pre-schl kid pay fr the Spy Museum tickets?(　　)A.$33.90. B.$$45.90. D.$48.85.
数字计算题。间谍博物馆成人票22.95美元,6岁以下儿童免费。一对夫妇(2 张成人票)需 22.95×2=45.90 美元,故选C。
　　高考阅读理解的主旨大意题考查考生理解文章整体内容、把握作者写作意图、概括文章中心思想的宏观能力,主要有“段落大意”“文章主旨”“最佳标题”三个考点。主旨大意题的解题关键是找到正确的主题句或文章的写作主题,即作者围绕什么主题,表达了什么核心观点或描述了什么主要内容。
不同的文体(说明文、议论文、记叙文),其主旨的呈现方式也略有不同:①说明文:解释事物、现象或原理,主旨大都出现在首段;②议论文:表达观点并论证。主旨出现在首段/尾段的观点句(如“I think...”“In cnclusin...”)或转折词后的内容(部分文章会先铺垫细节,最后总结主旨);③记叙文:讲述故事(含人物、事件)。主旨一般为结尾的感悟句或事件的结果。因此,阅读和解题时须结合不同文体,确定查找主旨或段落大意的线索和解题的方法。
2025·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇(节选)When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants. Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher frm the University f Flrida. “Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating, ” she says. “Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl, the stress hrmne (激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
If yu’re amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants, dn’t beat yurself up if ne (r a few!) desn’t make it. “Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says.
31.What can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Time t Replace HuseplantsB.Plants Bst Yur MdC.Tips n Chsing HuseplantsD.Plants Brighten Yur Hme
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究,说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响,同时指出近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
【技法运用】这是一道标题归纳题。第一段:以Detrinidad的成功为例,引出室内植物行业的兴起话题;第二、三段:表明Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率;第四段:鼓励人们尝试种植植物。 核心词plants、imprve、md及其相关的信息词贯穿全文,答案B最能概括文章主旨,即文章的标题。
以偏概全:用细节、例子或段落大意代替全文主旨。笼统宽泛:范围过大,缺乏针对性。无中生有:选项中的关键词或观点在文章中没有依据。断章取义:扭曲作者观点或事实,可能混入个别文章中的词来迷惑考生。情感错位:与作者的整体态度不符。
A(2024·安徽省“江南十校”联考节选)Pwer ften bsts an emplyee’s creativity because being pwerful liberates the individual frm restrictin. Hwever, new research shws that emplyees wh are nt in psitins f pwer can becme mre creative when given time t “warm up” t a task by engaging in the creative task mre than nce.
“This is imprtant because when peple with mre pwer are able t express their creative ideas mre than thse with less pwer which leads t rich-get-richer dynamics that strengthen these pwer imbalances,” said Brian Lucas, assistant prfessr in Crnell University. “Understanding ways t bst the creativity f lwer-pwer wrkers can help them find the right way t deal with this lw pwer disadvantage,” Lucas said.
Lucas and his clleagues cnducted tw studies t reach their cnclusin. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generatin sessin int tw runds cnsisting f a ne-minute “warm up” fllwed by a secnd rund in which the participants culd take as lng as they wanted. Participants were randmly assigned t a high-pwer cnditin r a lw-pwer cnditin, and feelings f pwer were generated with a rle manipulatin(操纵)where participants were given a leadership rle and cntrl ver resurces (high pwer) r an emplyee rle with n cntrl ver resurces (lw pwer). The study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the warm-up rund. There was n difference, thugh, in creativity in the secnd rund.
In the secnd study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number f runds frm tw sessins t five, taking as lng as they like t cmplete the task. Similar t the first study, the study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the first rund. But the creativity f lw-pwer individuals caught up t the creativity f the high-pwer individuals after the first rund.
The lw-pwer warm-up effect suggests a simple interventin that empwers all emplyees t tap their creative ptential and vercmes pwer imbalances in the wrkplace: when pursuing creative wrk, let emplyees warm up first,” Lucas said.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出,权力通常能提升员工的创造力,因为它能让人摆脱束缚。但新研究表明,缺乏权力的员工通过多次尝试“热身”后,创造力也能显著提升,从而弥补权力失衡带来的差距。
1.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text? (　　)A.Pwer Tends t Encurage Creative IdeasB.Changing Tasks Bsts All the Emplyees’ CreativityC.Warm-up Time Crrects Creativity Pwer ImbalancesD.Lw-pwer Individuals Outperfrm the High-pwer Ones
主旨大意题。文章核心是新研究发现——“无权力员工经多次‘热身’,创造力可提升,弥补权力差距”。结构为 “总(研究结论)—分(研究原因、过程)—总(研究意义)”。选项 C 包含 “权力、热身时间、创造力” 关键词,概括全文核心,最适合做标题。
B(2025·安徽省名校联考)Sme great apes (猿) realize when a human partner desn’t knw smething and are capable f cmmunicating infrmatin t him t change his behavir, a new study shws. Researchers frm Jhns Hpkins University studying a species f apes, bnbs, fund that they wuld pint t where treats were hidden if they saw their human partner didn’t knw where they were.
Wrking with three male bnbs, study c-authr Luke Twnrw wuld sit acrss a table frm ne f the animals as anther persn placed a treat under ne f three cups. In sme cases, Twnrw wuld be allwed t see which cup the treat was under, and the bnb wuld wait fr him t pass it the fd. At ther times, he wuld nt be able t see where the treat was, and the bnb wuld pint t the right cup t help him find the fd. The seemingly simple experiment demnstrated fr the first time that apes will cmmunicate unknwn infrmatin in the name f teamwrk.
Chris Krupenye, anther c-authr, said that the study “is ne f the clearest pieces f evidence that a nn-human primate (灵长类动物) understands when smene else is ignrant.” This ability t discver gaps in thers’ knwledge is knwn as thery f mind. “As humans, we have thery f mind,” Krupenye said. “It’s a key feature f human psychlgy,” he added, explaining that it allws us t cperate with each ther and teach peple things that we understand they d nt knw.
Thery f mind has previusly been cnsidered unique t humans, but the study shws that bnbs share this capability. “The evidence we have is a gd indicatin that they d have thery f mind,” said Krupenye.The team plans t explre the bnbs’ mtivatins fr sharing infrmatin and the way that they think abut ther individuals’ minds. “What we’ve shwn here is that apes will cmmunicate with a partner t change their behavir,” Twnrw said, “but a key pen questin fr further research is whether apes are als pinting t change their partner’s mental state r their beliefs.”
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明,某些类人猿能够识别人类伙伴是否知晓某件事,并会通过指向隐藏食物的位置等方式主动传递信息,以改变对方的行为。
2.What can be the best title fr the text?(　　)A.Apes Can Recgnize Ignrance in HumansB.Bnbs Have Mastered Teamwrk in the WildC.Primates Can Be Taught t Read Human MindsD.Apes Prve Themselves t Be Better Partners
主旨大意题。第一段点明 “新研究显示,部分类人猿能识别人类伙伴的无知,并通过传递信息改变其行为”,全文围绕此展开。选项 A 概括核心,最适合做标题。
C(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
【语篇概述】 这篇文章主要介绍了由教师Abby Jaramill创立的“Urban Spruts”学校菜园项目。该项目在四所低收入学校开展,旨在通过让学生参与翻土、除草、收割等园艺活动,帮助他们培养科学技能、增强环保意识并养成健康的生活习惯。
3.What can be a suitable title fr the text?(　　)A.Rescuing Schl GardensB.Experiencing Cuntry LifeC.Grwing Vegetable LversD.Changing Lcal Landscape
主旨大意题。文章介绍 “Urban Spruts 项目让低收入学校学生参与园艺,培养技能、环保意识和健康习惯,学生从不爱蔬菜变得爱吃、会种”。选项 C “越来越多的蔬菜爱好者” 贴合内容,适合做标题。
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇(节选)We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.  
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
31.What des the text mainly talk abut?A.BMF’s majr ’s general ’s glbal ’s technical standards.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。针对传统食物运输耗时长、距离远的问题,文章介绍了一种创新解决方案——巴比伦微型农场(BMF)。
【技法运用】1.仔细阅读首段,定位 “主题句” :首段引出BMF的核心优势[Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre缩短运输距离]。2.快速浏览后续段落,分析文章结构是“总—分”:后续几段从“技术、环保、员工行为”几个维度展开,认证BMF优势。3.甄别选项定答案(排除“干扰项”):选项B太片面,只涵盖“管理模式”的细节,非全文核心;选项 D(技术标准):技术细节是优势的一部分,非主旨;选项C属于无关信息,文章未提及 BMF 的国际推广或影响。只有选项 A(主要优势)精准概括文章大意。
范围过宽:选项内容超出了文章讨论的范围。范围过窄:选项只是文章某个细节,不能概括全文。表述绝对:使用过于绝对化的词语(如never、 always、 all、 cmpletely),往往不是正确选项。偷换概念:选项中的关键词与文章主题看似相关,实则偏离。
AI always lked frward t Thanksgiving, it was never just fr my immediate family my parents invited whever else was left in the neighbrhd. All stragglers(掉队者) were welcme. My mm made the big American Thanksgiving meal, thugh her prized side was a rutabaga(a large rund yellw vegetable) dish that I nly remember my dad eating, and nt always willingly.
In Nvember 2012, I wasn’t ging t make it t ur hme in Pass Christian, Miss. I had just been released frm the hspital after spending 30 days in islatin(隔离)fllwing a bne marrw transplant(骨髓移植). My nly gal was t make it t 100 days pst-transplant—my survival depended n it.During my jurney t rebuild my immune system, my dctrs required me t be hme in New Yrk with limited utside cntact(接触). Hand wash and face masks were handed ut t all visitrs, and hugs were nt allwed.
In early Nvember, I gt a call frm my sisters, wh live dwn Suth. They were planning n bringing a small grup t cme and stay with me fr Thanksgiving. At first I was hesitant. Disease had taken away my health and my hliday spirit. Withut an appetite(食欲) and my hair, I culdn’t imagine gathering arund the table in a festive sweater. This wuld als be the first hliday withut my mther, wh passed away a week befre my transplant. I felt a pressure t be jyful, and all I felt was sick. I was murning my health, and I was murning Mmma.
Thanksgiving Day came; the drbell rang; in strmed my family. I felt instant relief—they were warm, jyful and, abve all, understanding. They didn’t expect me t play hst r carry the cnversatin. They simply wanted me t knw that they were there fr me.Sitting at the dinner table, I was struck with a feeling smething Mmma used t say after my father died. I was feeling happy srrw. Thanksgiving didn’t have t be sad, it just had t be different. At least fr a while. S, just remember: this t shall pass, but nw wuld be gd.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中回忆了自己 2012 年生病后无法回家过感恩节,之后姐妹们打电话要求与其一起过节,当时因为生病毫无过节心情的作者,最终还是接受了亲人的好心安排。亲人的团聚让作者如沐春风,也有了新的感悟。
1.What is the text mainly abut?(　　)A.After disaster, try a simpler hliday fr yurself befre lking after everyne misfrtune changes yur traditins, build new lst lved nes while enjying thse yu have
主旨大意题。全文核心是:传统可以被改变,新的支持与过节方式依然可以带来慰藉,可知C项所述概括了文章主旨。
B(2024·江苏南通二模节选)The science f why insects gather arund lights at night has never been nailed dwn.Ppular theries prpse that mths and ther insects navigate(导航) by the mn and mistake lamps fr mnlight, r that the insects fly twards light t escape cming danger. Nw researchers believe they have a mre cnvincing answer: cntrary t current theries, insects are nt attracted t light frm far away, but becme trapped if they fly clse t an artificial light surce.
Accrding t Dr Samuel Fabian, study c-authr and Imperial Cllege Lndn entmlgist, mths and many ther insects that fly at night evlved int tilting(倾斜) their backs t wherever is the brightest. Fr hundreds f millins f years, this was the sky rather than the grund. The trick tld insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Mths fund themselves tilting their backs t street lamps. This caused them t circle arund the lamps endlessly, the insects were trapped by their evlutin.
Fabian and his clleagues filmed insect flight paths arund lights in the lab. The vides reveal that time and again, mths and dragnflies turned their backs t artificial lights, which appeared t greatly change their flight paths. If the light is abve them, they might start rbiting it. But if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles r diving tward the grund.
Researchers have lng warned that light pllutin is a big driving frce in the dramatic decline in insect ppulatins. Mths and ther insects that becme trapped arund lamps becme easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can als fl them int thinking it is daytime, causing them t bed dwn and skip a night’s feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessns frm the research. “What this tells us is that the directin f artificial light matters. Culd we change lighting envirnments t nt trap insects? Fr we’re facing a massive decline in insects arund the wrld, and artificial light at night is ne f the factrs that culd ptentially be leading t this decline,” Fabian said.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于昆虫夜晚趋光的新发现:昆虫夜晚趋光并非被吸引,而是因为靠近人造光源时被困住了。
2.What is the text mainly abut?(　　)A.Why insects lse their ability t fly at artificial light and evlutin trap artificial light impacts insect insects evlved distinct strategies f flight.
主旨大意题。全文核心是 “昆虫夜晚趋光并非被吸引,而是人造光源与自身进化(向最亮处飞)共同导致其被困”。选项 B 概括这一原因,符合主旨。
C(2024·江西省八校高三第一次联考节选)Whether it is the slw drifting apart frm a childhd friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, r ne f the many relatinships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, lsing smene that yu thught wuld always be in yur life is deeply jarring.But friendship breakups will happen ver the curse f ur lives, and we need t start learning hw t deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship cach Danielle Bayard Jacksn.
The mst significant thing we need t d, says Jacksn, is nrmalize the fact that smetimes friendships d end and that can actually be healthy. Hwever, we haven’t been taught t carry this expectatin int ur friend relatinships.“We’re nt lking at ur friends thrugh a lens (透镜) f ‘Gsh, I hpe this wrks ut’, but we will d that with a rmantic partner fr sure,” says Jacksn.“With a partner, we wnder if they’re ging t be the ne. But with friends, we assume they’re the ne frm the minute we establish that we like each ther.”
And because we dn’t view the lss f a friendship as a nrmal ccurrence, it feels like a persnal failing when it happens and smething we shuld be ashamed f. Or, as Jacksn puts it,“If friendship is suppsed t be easy and yurs ended, what did yu d wrng?”But that is nt the case.Friendships, like any relatinship, smetimes are nt meant t be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real wrk. Kristen Newtn has been interested in this wrk fr years and funded HEART Cnvs, which aims t help peple wh feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind f pen and hnest cmmunicatin that keeps a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance f ur scial cnnectins and friendship. Yet we recgnize the weight that they carry when they dn’t wrk ut, and we experience that hurt and disappintment,” she says.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了友谊结束(friendship breakup)的普遍性及其带来的心理冲击,并强调应以更健康的态度看待这一问题。
3.What is the text mainly abut?(　　)A.Hw t regain a friendship that has lss f a friendship is a nrmal friendship breaks up ver the curse f ur relatinships have fallen away during the pandemic.
主旨大意题。第一段提 “友谊结束的多种情况及心理冲击”,第二段点明 “友谊结束在人生中很常见”,全文围绕此展开,可知选项 B 概括主旨。
2022·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D篇(节选)Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday. 
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
34.What is Paragraph 5 mainly abut?A.Supprting evidence fr the research applicatin f the research findings.C.A further explanatin f the research methds.D.A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
【语篇概述】一项历时五年的突破性研究发现,人类饮食变化导致的咬合结构改变(从上下列前齿对齐变为上齿覆盖下齿的过咬合结构)使得发音方式发生变化,从而产生了如今全球半数语言中存在的唇齿音(如“f”和“v”)。
【技法运用】本题为段落大意题,答案选A。1.定位段落核心:抓主题句“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that...”。2.关注逻辑词:第五段的 “als cnfirmed” 提示其作用是补充证据,而非提出新方法或质疑。 3.排除干扰项:选项B为过度联想,段落内容陈述的是客观事实,不可加入自己的主观推测;选项C为张冠李戴,第五段谈论的不是methds,而是分析后的结果;选项D属无中生有,第五段没有涉及任何dubt。
　 以偏概全:选项只提到了段落中的某个细节、例子,而不是整体观点。范围过大:选项内容超出了段落讨论的范围,过于空泛。无中生有:选项中的信息在段落中根本没有出现。表述绝对:使用always、never、all、nne等绝对化词汇,而原文是相对委婉的表述。反向干扰:与段落表达的意思完全相反。情感错误:作者的态度是客观的,选项却是批判的或赞扬的,反之亦然。
A(2024·安徽省名校模考节选)When I was a kid, a sycamre (枫树) grew in frnt f my hme. At the age f 10,I was just tall enugh t reach its lwest branch and lift myself int its embrace. Smetimes tw r three f my friends wuld jin me in the sycamre, r in the maple dwn the street, r Mrs.DiMarc’s ld peach tree, sme f whse stut hrizntal branches allwed us t sit shulder t shulder, eating sweet fruit.
In my small twn there are sme kinds f trees, their branches spreading wide, pen fr business. But I have nt yet seen a climber. Perhaps cmputer games have replaced tree climbing, r maybe the activity went the way f mnkey bars, which came t be viewed as t risky and have largely disappeared frm playgrunds.It is a sad lss. I have always believed that, since lw-hanging branches prvide n benefit t the tree, they must be meant fr the child. Rbert Frst understd this when he wrte:When I see baches (桦树) bend t left and right,Acrss the lines f straighter darker trees,I like t think sme by has been swinging them.
My nly disagreement with Frst is his inference that tree climbing is a gender-specific task. Bth bys and girls make a jyful climb.The campus f the university where I teach has all srts f trees. During a recent walk, I fund myself bending under the branch f an immense spruce (云杉).I grabbed the thing, and a mment later was sitting n a branch. Then the memries came flding back. The ld sycamre, the friends,and finally, the reluctance t return t earth when the parental call t supper came.
I was s lst in my thughts that I didn’t hear the student calling t me frm belw. He asked what I was ding. I didn’t waste time n explanatins. “Cme n up,” I said, “The air is fine.” But he nly laughed and waved me ff.He didn’t knw what he was missing.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆童年时爬树的快乐经历,对比当下孩子们不再爬树的现象,表达了对这种童年乐趣消失的惋惜之情。
1.What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?(　　)A.Why kids dn’t climb mnkey bars are there is n business under kids are addicted t cmputer games.
段落大意题。第二段提到 “镇上有适合爬的树,但没看到爬树的人”,并推测原因是 “被电脑游戏取代” 或 “爬树被视为有风险”。可见段落核心是 “孩子们不再爬树及可能的原因”,故选A。
B(2023·全国乙卷D篇节选)If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性,并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事,以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
2.What is the first paragraph mainly abut?(　　)A.Hw past events shuld be humanity is cncerned facts speak luder than written language is reliable.
段落大意题。第一段指出 “讲述世界历史不能仅靠文本(多数地区无文本),有文字社会也会用物件记录”。核心是 “如何呈现世界历史”,故选A。
C(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷节选)The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. “We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw(发光) in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light, abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn trees int self-pwered street lamps.In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff “switch” where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)—such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway—a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了麻省理工学院的工程师正在开发植物的新功能,包括取代路灯的发光植物。
3.What is the first paragraph mainly abut?(　　)A.A new study f different plants.B.A big fall in crime frm varius frm green plants.
段落大意题。第一段用 “城市绿化好的地区犯罪率低”“有植物的工作场所生产力高” 两个实例,说明 “绿植带来积极影响”。核心是 “绿植的好处”,故选D。
　　推理判断题是高考英语阅读理解的核心题型(占比约 20%~30%),与细节理解题的 “直接提取”不同,它要求考生根据文章中的已知信息(事实、细节、作者态度等)进行逻辑分析、推导和判断,从而得出文章中没有明确陈述但隐含的结论,核心考查“逻辑思维与深层理解能力”,需避免主观臆断或过度解读。
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D篇(节选)On March 7 (1907) the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether”. Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
13.Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if 　　　　. A.the crwds were relatively smallB.there were ccasinal underestimatesC.individuals did nt cmmunicateD.estimates were nt fully independent
【语篇概述】 这是一篇说明文。文章以1907年弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出的“群体智慧”效应开篇,指出当大量个体的独立估计被平均时,其错误会相互抵消,从而产生准确的结果,但前提是估计必须独立且错误不相关。
【技法运用】第一步:精准定位题干关键词(the average accuracy,culd increase):查找原文对应点(第三段)→when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals。 第二步,基于原文做逻辑推测:从上面画线词可以分析出:如果允许小组成员进行讨论( were allwed t have a discussin),那么评估就不是完全独立的了(nt fully independent )。
第三步,排除干扰项:选项A混淆了small的概念,原文是divided int small;选项B属无中生有,ccasinal underestimates 没有内容涉及;选项C与原文矛盾,原文为fur discussin grups f five,正是在小组内进行沟通,并非个体间没有沟通。因此,选项D是正确答案。
　　 原文直接信息:明明白白写出来的,不需要推断的。这是张冠李戴,把细节题答案放在推断题里。过度推断:推理步骤过多,远远超出了原文支持的范围。常识判断:选项本身正确,但原文并未提供相关依据。无中生有:原文完全没提到。绝对化表述:使用always、never、all、nne、must等绝对词汇,通常都是错误的。
A(2025·广东深圳高三月考节选)Perhaps n ne knws the pwer f imaginatin better than Chinese writer Liu Cixin. Until fur years ag, Liu wrked full-time as a cmputer engineer at a pwer plant in Shanxi prvince. He nly wrte science fictin in his spare time. But it was during this time that Liu’s imaginatin tk flight. He did what he might never have the chance t d in real life—wander in space, fight with aliens, and visit planets light-years away.
But even with such a pwerful imaginatin, Liu, 55, prbably hadn’t expected that he wuld becme the first Asian t win the Hug Award, science fictin’s highest prize, in 2015. Perhaps neither did he think that frmer US president Barack Obama wuld read his nvel The Three-Bdy Prblem, nr that n Nv 9 in Washingtn DC, he wuld win the 2018 Arthur C.Clarke Award fr Imaginatin in Service t Sciety. It’s the first time a Chinese writer has ever wn the award.
In his acceptance speech, Liu said that he wed his imaginatin t Arthur C.Clarke (1917—2008), a famus UK sci-fi authr. He said that reading Clarke’s 1968 classic nvel 2001: A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s had a great effect n him.“My mind pened up like never befre. I felt like a narrw river finally seeing the sea,” Liu said. “That night, in my eyes, the starry sky was cmpletely different frm the past. Fr the first time in my life, I was awed (充满敬畏的) by the mystery f the universe.”
But n matter hw far away Liu’s imaginatin takes him, smehw his nvels always stay ratinal (理性的). In The Three-Bdy Prblem, fr example, Liu tells a tale f aliens invading Earth. But unlike ther alien stries, Liu talks mre abut relatinships between civilizatins, rules f survival, and the meanings f life. And in The Wandering Earth, Liu lks ahead t the day when ur slar system cmes t an end and humans have t lk fr a new place t live. Hwever, all his visins and slutins are based n “hard science”. Liu’s wrks aren’t simply daydreams.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了中国科幻作家刘慈欣的成就、创作灵感来源以及其作品的特点,展现了他在科幻文学领域的影响力。
1.What can be inferred abut Liu Cixin’s prfessinal backgrund as a cmputer engineer and his sci-fi writing?(　　)A.His engineering jb prvided technical knwledge that grunded his sci-fi in “hard science” wrk at the pwer plant directly inspired the plts f The Three-Bdy Prblem and The Wandering quit his jb immediately after winning the Hug Award t fcus full-time n engineering skills made him mre critical f traditinal sci-fi’s lack f scientific rigr.
细节推断题。刘慈欣曾是发电厂计算机工程师,且其作品构想基于 “硬科学”。可推断工程师工作为他提供了技术知识,支撑作品的 “硬科学” 基础,故选A。
2.The passage mentins that Liu Cixin “stayed ratinal” in his nvels despite his vast imaginatin. Which f the fllwing best explains the significance f this balance?(　　)A.It distinguishes his wrks frm ther sci-fi that priritize emtinal strytelling ver allws his speculative ideas (e.g., alien invasins, slar system cllapse) t explre deeper themes like civilizatin reflects his belief that imaginatin withut scientific basis is unwrthy f being called “sci-fi” makes his nvels mre accessible t readers unfamiliar with cmplex scientific cncepts.
细节推断题。刘慈欣的小说(如《三体》《流浪地球》)虽有 “外星人入侵”“太阳系终结” 等想象,但始终保持理性,且基于 “硬科学”。这种 “理性与想象的平衡” 让他能探讨文明关系、生存规则等深层主题,故选B。
3.Why des the authr highlight that Liu Cixin was the “first Asian” t win the Hug Award and the first Chinese writer t win the Arthur C.Clarke Award?(　　)A.T emphasize the glbal recgnitin f Chinese sci-fi’s grwing criticize Western-dminated literary awards fr verlking Asian authrs suggest that Liu’s success was due t his unique cultural perspective as a Chinese imply that these awards are less prestigius than thers he might have wn.
细节推断题。刘慈欣是首位获雨果奖的亚洲人、首位获阿瑟·C·克拉克奖的中国作家,且作品被奥巴马阅读。可推断作者强调这些是为了突出 “中国科幻的全球影响力获国际认可”,故选A。
B(2025·广州部分中学高三模考节选)Tilapia (罗非鱼) skin is rich in cllagen (胶原蛋白), a prtein that helps build and repair tissues. Because f this, tilapia skin has becme ppular in medicine. Researchers have used it fr varius treatments, including helping burn victims and fixing prblems related t the stmach and heart.
Inspired by clleagues in ther medical fields, Mirza Mel, an eye dctr fr animals in Brazil, decided t try using tilapia skin t treat eye prblems in dgs. She fcused n eye prblems like crneal ulcers and perfratins, which are cmmn in dgs with shrt nses. “These dgs have eyes sticking ut frm their faces,” she says. “S they get injured ften.”Nrmally, dctrs treat these eye injuries by placing a piece f hrse placenta (胎盘) ver the damaged area t help it recver. But in 2019, Mel tried using tilapia skin instead. She successfully treated a Shih Tzu (a species f dg) with a severe eye injury.
Brazil’s Burn Supprt Institute and the Federal University f Ceará, which started the Tilapia Skin Prject t treat burns, supprted her wrk. With their help, Mel develped a special membrane (膜) called the acellular dermal matrix (ADM), made frm pure cllagen taken frm tilapia skin.Cllagen is knwn t help cells grw and repair tissues. Tilapia skin has a high and cnsistent quality f cllagen thrughut the fish’s life, while the quality f hrse placental cllagen can vary depending n the hrse’s age and weight.
S far, Mel has treated ver 400 dgs using tilapia skin. The dgs shwed n pain r infectin after surgery and healed quickly with minimal scarring. Mel is nw planning t use this technique n cats and is even discussing hw t adapt it fr treating human eyes, which are very sensitive and difficult t treat.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了巴西的一位动物眼科医生Mirza Mel受到其他医学领域同事的启发,尝试使用罗非鱼皮来治疗狗的眼部问题,并详细介绍了罗非鱼皮中的胶原蛋白在治疗中的应用及其优势。
4.What can we infer abut hrse placental cllagen?(　　)A.It is nly related t hrses’ is easier t btain than tilapia is nt affected by hrses’ type and is nt always available at any stage f hrses’ grwth.
细节推断题。罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白质量稳定,而马胎盘胶原蛋白质量受马的年龄、体重影响。可推断 “马胎盘胶原蛋白质量不稳定,难以稳定获取符合要求的”,故选D。
2020·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇(节选)In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible: the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway (晃动). The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design: Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean (赞歌) t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr. Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles (航天飞机) Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr.Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them. “Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr.Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement. 
30.What des Dr.Petrski think f engineering failures? A.They are are a sign f shuld be are caused by designers’ mistakes.【语篇概述】本篇是说明文,通过1987年金门大桥50周年庆典期间因人群超载导致桥面压平晃动的惊险事件,引出亨利·佩特罗斯基博士的著作《原谅设计:理解失败》的核心观点。作者最终指出,失败而非成功才是推动工程进步的关键。
【技法运用】本题考查的是“观点态度”题,解题技法如下。1.定位题干关键词(Dr. Petrski,think f,engineering failures):找到原文里相关区间,即最后一段的“‘Success is success but that is all that it is,’ Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.”。 2.抓取“态度标志词” :brings imprvement3.排除干扰选项,找出正确答案:选项A属无中生有;选项C 与他的观点不符,他更强调从失败中学习;选项D 过于片面,文中提到工程失败的原因还有材料质量、设计的过度应用等多种因素。因此,选项B为正确选项。
　　与原文态度词矛盾(原文是“肯定、支持”,选项为“否定、反对”)。过度绝对(如cmpletely apprve,但原文仅为partly reasnable)。“中立误区”:若原文有明确评价词(如useful),则neutral(中立)为错误选项。“情感混淆”:混淆“作者态度”与“文中人物态度”。
A(2024·河南省九师联盟高三质量检测节选)Think f a typical cllege physics curse: ntetaking, hmewrk struggles and studying fr difficult exams. Nw imagine access t a tutr (导师) wh answers questins at any hur, never tires and never judges. Might yu learn mre? The AI-supprted tutr is surprisingly mre effective. That’s the unexpected cnclusin frm a Harvard study examining learning utcmes fr students in a large physics curse.…
“We went int the study curius abut whether ur AI tutr culd be as effective as in-persn instructrs,” Kestin said. “I certainly didn’t expect students t find the AI-pwered lessn mre engaging. But that’s exactly what happened: Nt nly did the AI tutr seem t help students learn mre materials, the students als self-reprted mre engagement when wrking with AI.”…
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍哈佛大学的一项研究,探讨了人工智能导师在物理课程教学中的效果和优势,同时也指出了潜在的注意事项。
1.What did Kestin mst prbably think f their findings?(　　)　　　　　　　　　　　　A.Valueless. D.Surprising.
推理判断题。Kestin 提到 “没想到学生觉得 AI 授课更吸引人”,且 AI 不仅帮学生学更多内容,还提升参与度。可见他对 “AI 导师效果超出预期” 感到惊讶,故选D。
B(2025·广州部分中学高三模考节选)If yu’ve nticed yu’re getting less while yur bill almst stays the same, it’s nt just yu. “Shrinkflatin”—reducing a prduct’s size r quantity while keeping its price stable—is shwing up in shps arund the wrld.
As the glbal ecnmy struggles with inflatin (通货膨胀), rising material csts and higher human cst, cnsumers are bearing the increasing prductin prices. “Cnsumers are mre likely t ntice hw their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amunt f prduct lst when sizes decrease,” says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educatr at Impact Pricing. As a result, cmpanies use shrinkflatin t make cnsumers “less painful”.
Yet even as shrinkflatin cmes with inflatin, the prblem desn’t end after inflatin des. Once the new sizes are n the shelf, they are likely t stay that way. “Shppers dn’t have a chice. They have t adapt themselves t the changes,” adds Stiving. There are rare exceptins, but cmpanies generally take the pprtunity t get mre prfits.
Fr many cmpanies, shrinkflatin seems t be unavidable. In fd industry, fr example, where custmers are highly sensitive t price, lifting prices might make custmers jump ship t anther brand. But facing the cntinuus inflatin, the cmpanies have t d smething t maintain their prfits. Intrducing small reductin in the size f their gds shuld enable them t imprve prfits while keeping their prices cmpetitive. But nce custmers ntice the change, they might feel fled, leading t a lss f trust and cnfidence.
Sme grcers are using stickers t remind shppers f shrinkflatin, but still, it’s a tugh hit t the bttm line—especially because the price f prducts generally desn’t fall as inflatin des. Cnsumers may need t examine bth price and size sensibly as they shp, and make sure they dn’t fall int the trap f that super size n the shelf.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种经济学现象——缩水式通货膨胀及其原因和影响。
2.What is the authr’s attitude t the shrinkflatin in Paragraph 4?(　　)A.Favrable. D.Unclear.
观点态度题。作者既指出 “缩水式通胀对公司的必要性(维持利润、保持价格竞争力)”,也提到 “消费者会觉得被欺骗,失去信任”。态度客观,既讲好处也讲问题,故选B。
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇(节选)“I am nt crazy,” says Dr.William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture (针灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (兽医) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine—cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic (按摩疗法), and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.…
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.” 
27.Why des the authr mentin the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin? A.T prve Farber’s emphasize its praise advcate animal prtectin.
【语篇概述】本篇是说明文。文章介绍了威廉·法伯博士(Dr. William Farber)作为美国一名采用“整体疗法”的兽医,如何将针灸等替代疗法与传统西方兽医学结合。
【技法运用】该题考查的是“写作意图”题,解题技法如下。1.定位题干关键词(the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin),找到原文里相关区间,即最后一段的“membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700”。
2.分析 “细节与上下文” 的最常用的逻辑关系:细节的上一句“Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right” 引出观点,然后引用美国整体兽医协会的会员增长数据“membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700”是为了证明 Farber 的观点,属于“观点+数据支撑” 的写作逻辑。目的是用事实支持 Farber 的论断,增强说服力。
3.排除干扰选项: 选项B 项“强调协会重要性” 并非重点,重点是数据对观点的支持;选项C 项“赞扬兽医”及选项D 项“倡导动物保护”均与上下文无逻辑关系。因此,选项A为正确选项。
　　写作意图题的正确选项一定与全文主旨或段落核心相关,干扰项通常有以下特征,可直接排除:仅描述 “细节本身”,未体现 “细节的作用”;混淆“内容核心”与“写作目的”:这类选项仅概括“本文讲了什么”(主旨),而非“作者为什么写”(意图);过度延伸:这类选项是基于文本内容进行“主观推测”。
AUrban Cmmunity Gardens: Grwing Mre Than PlantsIn many busy cities arund the wrld, empty lts and abandned spaces are being transfrmed int smething unexpected: cmmunity gardens. These small, shared green areas are ppping up in neighbrhds frm New Yrk t Tky, and their impact ges far beynd grwing vegetables.
Fr residents, cmmunity gardens ffer a chance t cnnect with nature—and with each ther. Maria Lpez, wh lives in a crwded apartment building in Chicag, says, “I used t spend weekends watching TV alne. Nw I’m utside every Saturday mrning, planting tmates with my neighbrs. We’ve becme like a family.” Studies back up this feeling: a 2023 research by the Urban Planning Institute fund that peple wh jin cmmunity gardens reprt a 30% increase in feelings f belnging t their neighbrhd.
Cmmunity gardens als help fight tw big city prblems: fd waste and air pllutin. Mst stre-bught vegetables travel hundreds f miles t reach plates, creating carbn emissins. But in cmmunity gardens, fd is picked fresh and eaten the same day—n lng trips needed. Additinally, the plants absrb harmful gases like carbn dixide, making the air cleaner fr everyne nearby.
Of curse, starting a cmmunity garden isn’t easy. Many grups struggle t get permissin t use empty land, and finding peple t care fr the garden regularly can be hard. Yet these challenges dn’t stp peple. “Every time I see a kid pick their first carrt here, I knw it’s wrth it,” says Mike Chen, a vlunteer gardener in Ls Angeles.As cities grw busier and mre crwded, cmmunity gardens shw a simple truth: small, shared effrts can make big changes fr the better. They aren’t just abut grwing fd—they’re abut grwing strnger, healthier cmmunities.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,围绕 “城市社区花园” 展开:首先介绍社区花园在全球城市的兴起现状;接着从 “居民社交联结”(增强邻里归属感)、“解决城市问题”(减少食物运输碳排放、净化空气)两个维度分析其价值。
1.What is the authr’s purpse f writing the passage?(　　)A.T intrduce the histry f cmmunity encurage peple t start cmmunity discuss the prblems f cmmunity explain the imprtance f cmmunity gardens.
写作意图题。A 选项 “介绍社区花园的历史”,原文未提及 “历史”,排除;B 选项 “鼓励人们创办社区花园”,原文仅客观分析价值,无 “行动号召”,属于过度延伸,排除;C 选项 “讨论社区花园的问题”,原文仅在第四段简要提及挑战,并非核心内容,属于细节聚焦,排除;D 选项 “解释社区花园的重要性”,与全文 “分析价值、强调意义” 的逻辑一致,符合写作意图。
B(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷节选)I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a writer, I’d ften bring my laptp t the library and write fr hurs. I’d als brrw cuntless bks fr research. The library was a place f peace and rganizatin, with its endless rws f bks ffering the wisdm f the ages.But tday, libraries are changing. They are n lnger just abut bks. They have becme cmmunity hubs where peple can learn new skills, use 3D printers, edit vides, and even practice speaking a new language. They are places where the hmeless can find shelter and students can access the internet t d their hmewrk.
This is why I view libraries as essential. They are the ne place where everyne, regardless f their scial r ecnmic status, can have free access t infrmatin, technlgy, and, f curse, stries. In a wrld that is increasingly digital and divided by inequality, libraries level the playing field. They are a symbl f hpe and a prmise that everyne has the pprtunity t learn and imprve their lives.
【语篇概述】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章以作者与图书馆的深厚情感为线索,回顾了童年阅读、图书馆工作及写作生涯中图书馆的陪伴作用。作者强调图书馆在消除数字鸿沟和社会不平等中的核心价值,将其定位为“希望与机会的象征”。
2.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?(　　)A.T remember the gd ld days in discuss the challenges that libraries are explain why libraries are imprtant t cmpare libraries f the past with thse f tday.
写作意图题。全文强调 “图书馆免费提供信息、技术,消除数字鸿沟和社会不平等,是希望与机会的象征”,结尾强调其对社会平等的必要性。核心是 “强调图书馆的社会价值”,故选C。
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇(节选)Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin. 
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw—several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. 
32.What is the text prbably taken frm?A.A science fictin nvel.B.A technlgy reprt.C.A bk review.D.A research paper.【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。Catrina Campbell的新书是一本为应对人工智能(AI)革命带来的挑战而编写的实用指南。作者凭借其二十多年的专业经验,从商业人士而非学者的实用角度出发,将复杂的技术内容转化为通俗易懂的语言,使这本书既易于理解又信息丰富。
【技法运用】1.①“定位特征”:首段 “this is where AI by in” 引出书籍;末段 “if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it” 为典型推荐语,属于书评结尾的常见表达方式。②“匹配类型”:书评(Bk Review)的核心特征是围绕某本书展开,首段常提及 “bk title, authr”,内容含 “bk’s main idea, strengths/weaknesses, authr’s writing style”,结尾可能有 “recmmendatin(推荐语)”,因此可判断,选项C是符合书评(Bk Review)特征的。
2.排除干扰项:选项A 项“科幻小说” 与文中 “practical radmap(实用指南)”的定位不符;选项B 项 “技术报告” 缺乏数据或实验支撑;选项D 项 “研究论文” 须包含方法论和学术引用,文中未体现。
　　以偏概全:文章中提到了一点科学知识,但主旨是它的应用或社会影响,选项却设置了“科学杂志”。应判断主旨,而非细节。文体混淆:一篇语言非常客观的景点介绍,可能被误认为是新闻报道。但要看其写作目的:是纯粹传递信息(新闻),还是鼓励你去参观(旅游指南)?常识性误导:命题者设置“无文本证据但符合常识”的选项,诱导考生脱离文本,仅凭常识判断。
AWhat des a wman’s handbag have in cmmn with a bmb-sniffing dg? At first glance, nt much. But bth can be trained t perfrm tasks that are beynd their natural abilities. In the case f the handbag, it’s abut design and functin. Fr the dg, it’s abut training and instinct.
The handbag in questin is the “Smart Bag”, a prttype designed by a team f engineers and fashin designers. It lks like a typical high-end handbag, but it’s equipped with technlgy that allws it t recgnize its wner’s vice and respnd t cmmands. It can als sense when it has been left behind and will send a message t the wner’s phne. The Smart Bag is an example f hw artificial intelligence (AI) is being integrated int everyday bjects.
Similarly, bmb-sniffing dgs are a pwerful tl in security. These dgs are trained t detect explsives with an accuracy that machines struggle t match. Their natural sense f smell is incredibly sensitive, and thrugh training, they learn t identify specific scents assciated with dangerus materials. The partnership between human and dg is built n trust and repetitin.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对比智能手袋(Smart Bag)和嗅探犬的功能,探讨了自然能力与人工增强的结合。
Bth the Smart Bag and the bmb-sniffing dg represent the blending f natural abilities with technlgical r trained enhancements. They shw hw innvatin can cme frm cmbining different fields—engineering and fashin, r bilgy and security—t create smething truly functinal and intelligent.
1.What is the text prbably taken frm?(　　)A.A research paper n animal advertisement fr a new prduct.C.A ppular science magazine.D.A security cmpany’s reprt.
文章出处题。排除法:A(动物训练论文)无实验数据;B(新产品广告)无促销信息;D(安全公司报告)无技术细节。文章探讨 “自然能力与人工增强的结合”,语言通俗,符合科普杂志定位,故选C。
B(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷节选)Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect, wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章节选自一本名为《阅读艺术:给爱书人的艺术》的书籍介绍。该书通过全球博物馆收藏的近300件艺术作品,探讨了书籍和阅读在艺术中的表现形式,并强调了在不同时代和文化中与书籍相关的人类共同体验。
2.Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?(　　)A.An intrductin t a essay n the art f writing.C.A guidebk t a museum.D.A review f mdern painting.
文章出处题开篇点明书籍名称《阅读艺术:给爱书人的艺术》,后续介绍 “书中收录近 300 件艺术作品,探讨书籍在艺术中的表现”。语言为说明推广风格,核心是 “介绍一本书”,故选A。
　　意义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解的高频题型(占比约 10%~15%),核心考查考生 “结合上下文语境,推断陌生信息含义” 的能力,涉及对生词、短语、句子或代词指代对象的理解,重点检验 “语境分析与逻辑关联能力”,而非单纯考查词汇量。此类题型常见于说明文或议论文,考生需结合上下文而非字面意思作答。
2024·全国甲卷阅读B篇(节选)Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals(声音)that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu’re able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther’s attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That’s why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn’t usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that’s been present in all kinds f predatrs(食肉动物).Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it’s been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it! 
3.Which best explains the phrase “ a ntch” in Paragraph 3?A.Perfrm better.【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了猫如何通过多种方式(特别是声音和嗅觉)表达需求、感知环境以及与人类互动。
【技法运用】本题考查的是词义猜测题。解题方法如下:1.应用“反义/对比”线索:可知but 后的this behavir指的是衔物(fetching)习惯;2.标记其前后 3~4句的语境(but之前提及狗以其令人印象深刻的衔物习惯而闻名),结合下文(猫会随机找一些东西来带给主人)可推出猫在这种衔物行为方面更胜一筹。故选D。
　　警惕“熟词生义”:很多词义猜测题考查的是常见单词的生僻含义或在特定语境下的引申义。不要看到认识的词就立刻代入最常见的意思。词根词缀辅助:在利用上下文主线的基础上,可以借助词根、前缀、后缀来辅助验证猜测。排除法:如果选项中有明显不符合上下文主题、感情色彩(褒义/贬义)或常识的答案,可以先排除掉,提高正确率。答案代入:一定要把最终选择的答案放回原句通读一遍,确保上下文意通顺。这是避免失误的最后一道关卡。
A(2025·广东深圳月考题节选)A pilt prgram in Nrth Cunty is teaching students abut nutritin and where their fd cmes frm. The five-week Farm t Schl prgram is a partnership between Escndid Unin Schl District and the Farm t Institutin Center. It encurages elementary schl children t try vegetables they may nt have tried befre.
“I think that understanding just the rts f where ur fd cmes frm and hw it gets t ur table is meaningful,” said Jeremy Lyche, principal f Bernard Elementary Schl. “Yu saw the kids’ excitement tday. They lve it.”The students in Paul Ericksn’s class have been in the prgram fr ver a mnth. “We’ve been ding multiple lessns where we’re learning abut and teaching abut lcal farms in ur cmmunity, as well as sme healthier chices like prduce(农产品), just getting students t jin in farming.” Ericksn said.
Once a week fr the past five weeks, Alexis Andersn frm the Farm t Institutin Center has been cming by t teach these kids mre abut farming and what it takes t get fresh prduce t their tables. Wednesday was the students’ last sessin in the prgram. She said the main takeaway fr the kids is learning where their fd cmes frm.“Eat and supprt lcal fd because it nt nly benefits their cmmunity ecnmically, but als benefits their health and just educatin verall f knwing what’s available,” Andersn said.
After Wednesday’s lessn, the students went t the schl garden fr a game f bing t identify the things they’ve learned. One f the gals f the schl garden is fr the students t try new things. Fr Escndid Unin Schl District, the ultimate gal fr the schl garden is fr the prduce t end up in the cafeteria fr the children t eat. But there are sme health regulatins the district still needs t vercme befre that can happen.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了北县一个试点项目“农村到学校”,该项目旨在让学生了解营养和食物的来源。
1.What des the underlined wrd “takeaway” prbably mean in Paragraph 4?(　　)　　　　　　　　　　　　A.Fcus. D.Inspiratin.
词义猜测题。Alexis 每周来教孩子农业知识和新鲜农产品的来源,周三是最后一节课。可推知 “takeaway” 指孩子的 “收获”,与 “gain(收益)” 意思相近,故选B。
BFr thse wh are t yung t knw what a vide tape is, the vide rental stre was a place where yu culd brrw mvies fr a night r tw. It was a big deal in the 1980s and 1990s. Families wuld g tgether t brwse the shelves, lking fr the perfect film t watch. The mst famus f these stres was Blckbuster, which had thusands f lcatins arund the wrld.
Hwever, the rise f the internet and digital streaming services like Netflix meant that the vide rental business mdel became bslete. Why wuld anyne drive t a stre t rent a heavy plastic bx when they culd instantly stream any mvie they wanted t their televisin r phne? One by ne, vide rental stres clsed dwn. Even the giant Blckbuster went bankrupt in 2010, clsing all its cmpany-wned stres.
Yet, against all dds, a few independent vide rental stres have managed t survive. They have dne s nt by fighting technlgy, but by embracing it and finding a new rle in their cmmunities. Fr example, they might have a strng scial media presence t cnnect with custmers, r they might specialize in hard-t-find freign films and classics that aren’t available n mainstream streaming platfrms.
Mre imprtantly, they ffer smething that algrithms (算法) cannt: human cnnectin and expert advice. The wners are usually film enthusiasts wh lve t talk abut mvies and make recmmendatins. Fr their custmers, ging t the vide stre is a scial experience, a chance t interact with peple wh share their passin. In this way, these stres have becme cultural cmmunity centers rather than simple retail utlets.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了影碟租赁店的兴衰与转型。
2.What des the underlined wrd “bslete” in Paragraph 2 mean?(　　)A.Ppular. D.Cmplicated.
词义猜测题。画线词 “bslete” 所在句提到 “互联网和数字流媒体兴起”,后文反问 “能在线看电影,为何还去租碟”。可见影碟租赁模式已 “过时、无用”,“bslete” 即此意,故选B。
CIn an age where smartphnes dminate ur attentin, a unique prject is bringing back the jy f shrt-frm reading in public spaces. The idea is simple: prvide peple with a brief escape thrugh literature during their daily cmmute.In the San Francisc Bay Area, BART has set up kisks at train statins. Riders can chse a 1-minute, 3-minute, r 5-minute stry, and the kisk prints a receipt-like shrt stry fr them. This initiative, called “Shrt Editin,” aims t make literature accessible and ffer a digital detx, encuraging peple t lk up frm their screens.
The cncept, which riginated in France, has been a remarkable success. Peple are nt nly taking the stries fr themselves but als sharing them with friends and family. The stries are curated frm a glbal writing cmmunity, ffering a wide variety f genres t suit different tastes.Similar prjects have emerged wrldwide. In Lndn, shrt stries are displayed n digital screens in the Undergrund. In majr cities acrss China, sme metr lines have intrduced “library carriages” where passengers can scan QR cdes t read pems and shrt stries n their phnes, blending the traditinal with the mdern.
Experts say these prjects fulfill a deep human need fr strytelling and cnnectin. “It’s abut reclaiming thse lst mments f dwntime,” says ne scilgist. “Instead f scrlling thrugh endless scial media feeds, yu can lse yurself in a cmplete narrative. It enriches the cmmute and, by extensin, the cmmunity.”
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项在全球多个城市兴起的项目,旨在利用通勤时间推广文学阅读。
3.What des the underlined wrd “kisks” mean?(　　)A.Train gates.
词义猜测题。根据上下文,“kisks”设置在火车站,乘客可以选择故事并获取打印输出,可推断 “kisks” 是 “小亭子、自助机器”,故选B。
2020·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇(节选)In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea:Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers. 
9.What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 2 refer t?A.Develping a serius mental a guided tur in Central as a vlunteer in an article abut the Aral Sea.【语篇概述】这篇文章是一篇记叙文,讲述了美国作家Tm Bissell在20世纪90年代作为英语志愿者赴乌兹别克斯坦任教,因身心受挫七个月后离开。几年后,他重返该国调查咸海消失事件,却意外展开了一场揭示中亚帝国遗殇的深度旅程。
【技法运用】代词that常用来指代上文提到的事情,因此推断此处that指代第一段的内容,再根据“Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea:Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia”可知,这本书出现了,因此可以判断“that”指代第一段提到的“t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea”, Mr Bissell的本意是写一篇文章,结果却写成了一本书。故选D。
　　 望文生义:选项直接给出词句的表面含义,但在上下文中完全说不通。忽略指代:遇到 it/they/this 等代词,未明确指代对象,导致句义理解偏差。脱离逻辑:如转折词 but 后的句子,不联系前文的对立观点,误解作者态度。过度解读:若选项含义超出上下文支撑,即使逻辑通顺也需排除。
AThe phrase “t sleep n it” is well knwn t mst English speakers. It means t give yurself time t think abut a decisin befre making it. But des it really wrk? Science nw ffers sme answers.
In a study published in the jurnal Current Bilgy, researchers taught participants a cmplex card game. After learning the rules, sme participants were tld t sleep n the decisin abut which strategy t use, while thers had t decide immediately. The results shwed that thse wh slept n it made better decisins and achieved higher scres in the game.
Why des this happen? Accrding t the study, during sleep, ur brains prcess infrmatin and cnslidate memries. This “ffline” prcessing allws us t separate imprtant infrmatin frm the less imprtant, and t integrate new knwledge with what we already knw. In ther wrds, sleeping n a decisin helps yu see the big picture and fcus n the key aspects, rather than getting stuck n minr details. S, the next time yu have a tugh chice t make, dn’t stress abut it. Just sleep n it. Yur brain might just d the thinking fr yu.
【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过科学实验验证了英语习语“t sleep n it”(暂缓决定)的实际效果。研究发现,在复杂决策中,延迟一晚再作选择的人比立即决定者表现更优。
1.What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?(　　)A.Sleep helps peple remember every makes peple frget unimprtant enables peple t fcus n the main prevents peple frm making quick decisins.
句意猜测题。画线句前有 “In ther wrds”,说明是对前文的解释。前文提到 “睡眠能帮人区分重要与不重要信息”,画线句则进一步说明 “睡眠帮你看大局、关注关键,不纠结细枝末节”,与前文含义一致,故选C。
BWith the rapid develpment f artificial intelligence (AI), educatin has entered a new era f “intelligent learning”. AI-pwered tls have becme increasingly ppular in classrms and self-study scenaris. These tls can analyze students’ learning data in real time, identify their weak pints in subjects like English grammar r math prblem-slving, and generate persnalized learning plans tailred t individual needs. Fr example, an AI English learning app can track hw lng a student spends n each reading task, mark the types f questins they frequently get wrng, and recmmend targeted articles and exercises t imprve their skills.
Hwever, technlgy is never a replacement fr human cnnectin.The mst effective educatin is still a tw-way street where teachers guide, encurage, and inspire students beynd what algrithms can achieve. A recent survey amng 500 high schl students and 200 teachers acrss the cuntry shws that 85% f students believe that teachers’ timely feedback and emtinal supprt help them build mre cnfidence in learning. Teachers, n the ther hand, pint ut that AI can free them frm heavy rutine wrk such as grading hmewrk, allwing them t fcus mre n face-t-face cmmunicatin with students. 
Experts suggest that the future f educatin lies in the balanced integratin f AI and human teaching. AI serves as a pwerful assistant t educatrs, prviding data supprt and efficient tls, while teachers play a cre rle in shaping students’ values, cultivating critical thinking, and fstering interpersnal skills. This cmbinatin nt nly imprves learning efficiency but als ensures that educatin maintains its humanistic essence. As ne educatin researcher put it, “AI can tell us what students dn’t knw, but nly teachers can tell them why they need t knw it and hw t apply it t life.”
【语篇概述】本文聚焦AI与教育的融合,先介绍AI学习工具在个性化学习、薄弱点分析等方面的优势;再强调技术无法替代人际联结,师生双向互动是有效教育的关键;最后指出教育的未来在于AI与人类教学的平衡融合——AI提供数据支持,教师主导价值观塑造与思维培养,兼顾效率与人文本质。
2.What des the underlined sentence “The mst effective educatin is still a tw-way street”prbably mean?(　　)A.Educatin shuld fcus n bth academic and practical educatin requires interactin between teachers and technlgy and traditinal teaching methds need t wrk shuld learn frm bth nline curses and ffline activities.
句意猜测题。结合画线句前 “technlgy is never a replacement fr human cnnectin” 及后 “where teachers guide, encurage, and inspire students beynd what algrithms can achieve” 可知,“tw-way street” 在此处指教育需要师生之间的双向互动,B 选项正确。A 选项 “学术与实用技能”、C 选项 “AI 与传统教学结合”、D 选项 “线上线下学习” 均未紧扣 “人际互动” 的核心语境。
在英语阅读理解中,长难句是制约阅读速度和理解精度的核心障碍。这类句子通常通过 “叠加修饰成分” “嵌套从句” “使用非谓语结构” 或 “特殊句式(倒装 / 省略)” 等方式,将多个信息点压缩在一个句子中,导致读者难以快速抓取核心语义。要攻克长难句,关键在于“先拆结构,再合语义”——先剥离修饰成分,找到句子主干,再逐一分析修饰部分的逻辑关系,最终整合完整含义。
【典例示范1】请拆解下列长难句并翻译句子。What mst peple dn’t realize is that the stress we experience in daily life, if nt prperly managed, can have a negative impact n bth ur physical and mental health.
【技法运用】1.找谓语:dn’t realize(主语从句谓语)、is(主句谓语)、experience(定语从句谓语)、managed(非谓语)、can have(表语从句谓语)→ 3 个分句(主语从句+主句+定语从句+插入语)。
2.划主干:· 主语从句(What mst peple dn’t realize)→ 大多数人没意识到的(事情);· 主句(is)→是;· 表语从句(that the stress can have a negative impact n bth ur physical and mental health)→压力会对我们的身心健康产生负面影响;· 主干:大多数人没意识到的是,压力会对我们的身心健康产生负面影响。
3.析修饰:· 定语从句 “we experience in daily life”→ 修饰 “the stress”(我们日常生活中经历的压力);· 插入语 “if nt prperly managed”→ 补充说明 “stress”(如果没有得到妥善管理)。翻译:大多数人没意识到的是,如果日常生活中经历的压力没有得到妥善管理,就会对我们的身心健康产生负面影响。
【典例示范2】The study cnducted by Harvard University researchers n the relatinship between sleep quality and wrk efficiency shws that peple wh sleep 7-8 hurs a day are mre prductive than thse wh sleep less than 6 hurs.
【技法运用】1.找谓语:cnducted(非谓语)、shws(主句谓语)、sleep(定语从句1谓语)、are(宾语从句谓语)、sleep(定语从句2谓语)→ 3 个分句(主句+宾语从句+两个定语从句)。2.划主干:主句(The study … shws that …)→ 这项研究表明……;宾语从句(that peple … are mre prductive than thse …)→ 每天睡7~8小时的人比睡眠不足6小时的人效率更高;