译林版八下英语Unit 1 Past and present 单元知识点速记手册

这是一份译林版八下英语Unit 1 Past and present 单元知识点速记手册，共5页。
Unit 1 Past and present 单元知识点速记手册一、单元基础信息速记（一）单元主题与课标要求核心主题：谈论城市、乡村及家乡的变化，运用现在完成时描述过去持续到现在的动作、对现在有影响的过去动作及动作发生次数。课标要求：能听懂、运用 “描述变化、谈论经历” 的核心句型，书面表达正确率≥85%；熟练掌握现在完成时的构成、用法及与一般过去时的区别，能在语境中灵活运用；拼写 30+ 核心词汇，完成 60 词左右家乡变化介绍短文；完成 “家乡变化调查” 实践任务（教材 Integration 模块写作任务）。（二）教材核心场景谈论交通变化：对比过去与现在的出行方式（如 “People used to go to school on foot, but now they take the underground.”）；介绍城市发展：描述深圳等城市的崛起与变迁（如 “Shenzhen has developed from a fishing village to a high-tech city.”）；分享家乡变化：谈论居住环境、公共设施等方面的改变（如 “Our town has built more parks in recent years.”）；回忆个人经历：讲述过去到现在的生活体验（如 “I have lived in this city since I was born.”）。二、重点字词积累速记（一）核心词汇（音标 + 词性 + 语境用法）变化与发展类development /dɪˈveləpmənt/（n.）：发展，不可数名词，搭配 “the development of...”，例句 “Development is the key to success.”；innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/（n.）：创新，不可数名词，例句 “Innovation lies at the very heart of Shenzhen.”；pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/（n.）：先锋，可数名词，搭配 “a pioneer in...”，例句 “Shenzhen is a pioneer in China's reform and opening up.”；reform /rɪˈfɔːm/（n.）：改革，不可数名词，例句 “The reform has brought great changes to China.”；industry /ˈɪndəstri/（n.）：行业；工业，可数名词，复数 “industries”，例句 “Shenzhen is an important centre for technology industries.”。交通与出行类underground /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/（n.）：地铁，可数名词，搭配 “take the underground”，例句 “Now people can go to work by underground.”；coach /kəʊtʃ/（n.）：长途汽车，可数名词，搭配 “take a coach”，例句 “People travelled to other cities by coach in the past.”；high-speed train /haɪ spiːd treɪn/（n.）：高速列车，可数名词，例句 “High-speed trains make travel faster and more convenient.”；crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/（adj.）：拥挤的，修饰场所，例句 “Buses were always crowded when my dad was young.”；convenient /kənˈviːniənt/（adj.）：方便的，修饰事物，例句 “The underground is a convenient way to get around.”。生活与环境类citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/（n.）：市民；公民，可数名词，例句 “Shenzhen's citizens work hard to make the city better.”；greenway /ˈɡriːnweɪ/（n.）：林荫道，可数名词，例句 “The city has more than 3,000 kilometres of greenways.”；electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/（adj.）：电动的，修饰交通工具，例句 “Shenzhen uses electric buses to reduce pollution.”；recent /ˈriːsnt/（adj.）：近来的，搭配 “in recent years”，例句 “Many changes have taken place in recent years.”；hopeful /ˈhəʊpfl/（adj.）：满怀希望的，修饰人或事物，例句 “People are hopeful about the future of their hometown.”。（二）高频短语（固定搭配 + 教材出处）used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（Welcome to the unit）：I used to go to school by bike.；have/has been to 去过某地（Grammar）：Have you been to Shenzhen before?；have/has gone to 去了某地（Grammar）：My dad has gone to Shenzhen on business.；take place 发生（Reading）：Great changes have taken place in China over the years.；at the heart of 在……的核心（Reading）：Innovation lies at the very heart of Shenzhen.；a wealth of 大量的（Reading）：Shenzhen offers a wealth of cultural facilities.；make a living 谋生（Reading Exercise 3）：In the past, most families made a living by fishing.；in recent years 近年来（Integration）：The roads in the village have improved a lot in recent years.。（三）易错词辨析易混淆动词短语：used to do sth.（过去常常做某事）vs be used to doing sth.（习惯于做某事）；have been to（去过，已返回）vs have gone to（去了，未返回）；拼写易错词：convenient（注意 “veni” 拼写）；innovation（勿漏 “n”）；词性易错词：pioneer（n. 先锋）vs pioneer（v. 开拓）；recent（adj. 近来的）vs recently（adv. 最近）。三、核心语法速记（中考高频考点）（一）现在完成时的核心用法构成：have/has + 动词过去分词（规则动词加 “ed”，不规则动词需记忆特殊形式）1.表示过去持续到现在的动作或状态（常与 for、since 连用）结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + for + 时间段 / since + 时间点/从句；教材例句：He has lived in Shenzhen since he finished college. / They have been married for 10 years.；注意：短暂性动词（如 leave、buy、join）需转化为延续性动词（be away、have、be a member of）。2.表示过去发生且对现在有影响的动作（常与 already、yet、just 连用）结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他；教材例句：I have just found out many things about Shenzhen. / Have you finished your homework yet?。3.表示从过去到现在动作发生的次数（常与 many times、never、ever 连用）结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 次数状语；教材例句：I have been to Beijing many times. / She has never visited Shenzhen.。（二）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（三）核心句型（100% 贴合教材）询问变化：How has your hometown changed? → It has become more modern.；对比过去与现在：In the past, people..., but now they... → In the past, people lived in old houses, but now they live in flats.；询问经历：Have you ever been to Shenzhen? → Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.；描述变化原因：Thanks to..., ...has improved. → Thanks to the government's support, the living conditions have improved.时态核心含义常用时间状语教材例句现在完成时强调动作与现在的联系since、for、already、yet、recentlyShenzhen has developed a lot over the years.一般过去时陈述过去发生的动作（与现在无关）yesterday、last year、...ago、in 2000When I was young, there were only a few buses.