高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解记叙文（解析版）- （北京专用）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解记叙文（解析版）- （北京专用），共28页。学案主要包含了题型诠释，高考真题，2024北京卷，24题详解，25题详解，26题详解，27题详解，2023北京卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2024 年北京高考英语阅读理解试题题材广泛，涵盖人与自我、人与社会和人与自然等多个主题语境，贴近时代、贴近社会、贴近生活、贴近学生。试题依托语篇，全面考查学生的阅读理解能力，突出高阶思维的考查，引导中学教学回归课标、回归课堂。阅读理解的选材注重价值引领，体现学科的育人功能。例如，有的文章讲述了作者在一次考试失败后，不断突破自我、锲而不舍追逐梦想的历程；有的文章指出人类应停止“宇宙是不是模拟”的争论，依托新的科技成果，创造性地探索未知世界；还有的文章从科学的视角探讨道德规范的根源。这些文章不仅有助于考生获取有效信息，正确认识世界和中国发展大势，还能培养考生的国际意识和文化素养。
阅读理解题型多样，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。试题考查考生对语篇内容、语篇结构的理解和把握，以及对语篇内容的分析、阐释和评价。
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)若是“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
题型01 细节事实题
【题型诠释】
细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。包括三种题型：1.直接事实题；2.间接事实题；3. 数据推算。
在做直接事实题时，要抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。做间接事实题时，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。数据推算题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
【典例】
（2024·北京·一模）“Yur mther needs a new heart,” my father tld me when I called n that December afternn. An unrelenting ptimist, he spke as if she merely needed t have a part replaced. But, althugh my tw sisters and I knew that ur mther had heart prblems, this news still made us frzen fr a while with ur eyes widening in disbelief.
Dr. Marc Semigran f the transplant team reviewed my mther’s medical histry. She’d had an irregular and rapid heartbeat fr mst f her life. Her present treatment — the use f a series f cardiversins, r electric jlts, t restre a nrmal heartbeat — wuld nt wrk in the lng-term. She had an enlarged and weakened heart, as well as a faulty valve.
“With medicatin,” Dr. Semigran said, “yu have a 60 percent chance f living six mnths. Yu culd have a lnger life with a transplant, but there are risks. Yu’re at the tp end f the age grup f sixty years ld. The lungs and ther rgans must be healthy and strng. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightfrward prcedure, acceptance by the bdy is the difficult thing.”
My family came tgether, trying t prvide strength and wrk ut what t d. We’d already gne frm shck, ver ur mther’s cnditin, t wrry that she wuldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite f the risk, we chse t believe that she wuld make it eventually.
Wrd came later in December that she had been accepted int the prgramme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin tld us ne f the reasns she had been accepted was that she had such strng family supprt.
One Mnday in May, at abut 8 p. m., my mther received a phne call frm the hspital that a heart was available. As she was abut t be wheeled ff, my father tk her face in his hands and lked int her eyes. His lk said everything abut their 42-year relatinship.
The heart transplant peratin was successful and the cnditins culd nt have been better.
The irny f the transplant prcess is that ne family’s lss is anther’s gain; that tragedy begets frtune. It is a kind f life after death, ur hearts beating beynd us. We develped a feeling f lve fr this new part, f gratitude fr the dctrs, fr the prcess, and fr thse peple wh made a decisin just fr humanity.
73．Hw did the sisters feel t the news that their mther needed a new heart?
A．Frightened.B．Astnished.C．Wrried.D．Annyed.
74．Which is the factr t affect the pssibility f their mther’s heart transplant?
A．Her abnrmal heart beat.
B．The age f ver sixty years ld.
C．Her willingness t the transplant.
D．The adaptatin f the new heart in the bdy.
75．What made the transplant team decide t have the peratin?
A．That her lungs were healthy.
B．That a new heart had been fund.
C．That her family were expecting the peratin.
D．That her family trusted the dctrs' medical level.
【答案】73．B 74．D 75．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者母亲常年心脏不好，现在需要进行心脏移植，家人虽担心母亲是否能心脏移植成功，但大家相信她最终会成功，最终心脏移植手术很成功，作者感谢献出心脏的家庭。
73．细节理解题。由第一段中“But, althugh my tw sisters and I knew that ur mther had heart prblems, this news still made us frzen fr a while with ur eyes widening in disbelief. (但是，尽管我和我的两个姐妹都知道我们的母亲有心脏问题，但这个消息还是让我们停住不动了一段时间，难以置信地睁大了眼睛)”可知，听到母亲需要一颗新的心脏的消息，作者和姐妹感到惊讶。故选B项。
74．细节理解题。由第三段中“Yu culd have a lnger life with a transplant, but there are risks. Yu’re at the tp end f the age grup f sixty years ld. The lungs and ther rgans must be healthy and strng. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightfrward prcedure, acceptance by the bdy is the difficult thing. (你可以通过移植活得更长，但也有风险。你处于60岁年龄组的顶端。肺部和其他器官必须健康强壮。虽然移植手术实际上是一个简单的过程，但被身体接受是一件困难的事情)”可知，心脏移植有风险，因为移植后新的心脏被身体接受是一件困难的事情，说明新的心脏在身体中的适应是影响母亲心脏移植可能性的因素。故选D项。
75．细节理解题。由第五段“Wrd came later in December that she had been accepted int the prgramme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin tld us ne f the reasns she had been accepted was that she had such strng family supprt. (12月晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。Jeremy Ruskin博士告诉我们，她被录取的原因之一是她有如此强大的家庭支持)”可知，全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植（即家人正期待着心脏移植手术）是让移植团队决定给母亲进行手术的原因。故选C项。
题型02 主题理解或写作意图推断题
【题型诠释】
写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpse, in rder t 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(t entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(t advertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(t argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（t infrm)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(title, headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的写作目的(purpse)。
此类题的设问方式:
1.What wuld be the best title fr the text?
2.What des the secnd paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly abut?
4.The main purpse f annuncing the abve events is __________.
做写作意图题有两种方法：一是主旨推断法：根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图。二是文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。
【典例】
（2024·北京通州·模拟预测）When Emma wke up, she knew it was ging t be ne f thse days. She felt unwell — a cld had taken hld f her. Still, she needed t brave the strm f respnsibilities at wrk. Emma dragged herself ut f bed and gt ready fr wrk. Then she put n her raincat and went ut int the puring rain. As she walked, she fught against the bad weather. Emma’s umbrella was almst useless as it was raining cats and dgs. Then like a blt frm the blue, the wind blew it inside ut. She was immediately wet frm head t te. She said t herself in a quiet vice. “What a day t frget my rain bts!”
At the ffice, the day was as strmy as the weather. She had a muntain f tasks. Handling endless emails and phne calls shuld have been a light wind. But befre lng, she was desperate t take a break s she culd get a secnd wind.
Then, at exactly the mment, her cwrker Alex came t her rescue. Alex was nt a fair-weather friend but was always ready t lend a hand. With a warm smile, he ffered t help Emma. Having Alex assist her was like a ray f sunshine n a rainy day. Their laughter and gd-fellwship as they cmpleted their tasks made the hurs pass quickly.
On her way hme, Emma reflected n the day, which had ended up being surprisingly pleasant. She realized that every clud did indeed have a silver lining. Tday, that silver lining had been her wnderful clleague, Alex.
When Emma arrived hme, she decided t send Alex a heartfelt message f appreciatin. She wrte, “Thanks fr being my ray f sunshine in this rainy day!” It was a simple message, but it carried a lt f meaning.
That night, listening t it rain cats and dgs utside, Emma culdn’t help but smile. She had weathered the strm with Alex’s help.
56．What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A．Save fr a rainy day.B．Hard wrk pays ff.
C．Actins speak luder than wrds.D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
【答案】 56．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲的是Emma在同事的帮助下完成了工作任务，让她在雨天也感受到了温暖。
56．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段“She had weathered the strm with Alex’s help.(她在亚历克斯的帮助下经受住了暴风雨。)”可知，本文主要讲的就是Emma在同事的帮助下完成了工作任务，让她在雨天也感受到了温暖，患难见真情。故选D。
题型03 推理推断题
【题型诠释】
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。
此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, cnclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：
1. We can infer frm the passage that __________.
2. What / Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
3. It can be inferred / cncluded (frm Paragraph 3) that __________.
4. The authr suggests / The writer implies in this paragraph that __________.
5. On the whle / Frm the text / After reading the passage, we can cnclude that __________.
6. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
7. The authr is inclined t think that __________.
8. When the writer talks abut, what he really means is that __________.
9. What’s the writer’s attitude / feeling 
10. In the writer’s pinin,...
区间定位是快速定位的重要手段之一，使用区间定位能够帮助学生在没有完全读懂原文的情况下尽可能答对较多的题。
【典例】
（2024·北京顺义·二模）Up t the age f ten, I did nt mind at all the fact that my elder sister was different. The child psychlgist had termed it as “Asperger Syndrme”, a disease that affects hw a persn scializes with thers.
It was nly at the age f ten that I started t becme aware f my scial life and self-image that I had carefully shaped. My sister, n the ther hand, was scially awkward. She wuld mumble (咕哝) t herself and repeat the wrds she had just said under her breath. She, hwever, was academically capable, and hence we attended the same primary schl. Despite this, I never, ever acknwledged in public that she was my sister.
Being in primary six, abut t graduate, my sister and her classmates had t put up a perfrmance, whether in a grup, r individually. Due t her inability t integrate, my sister was the nly ne left withut a grup. “I’ll sing,” my sister tld my parents, smewhat cnfidently. Hearing that, I was taken aback. Hw culd my sister sing in frnt f the schl? She wuld embarrass me, ne way r anther. “N!” I remember prtesting. My parents sht me a lk.
N ne knws she is yur sister. It is fine, yu d nt need t tell anyne. I remember telling myself these exact lines as I sat in the hall, waiting fr the perfrmances t start. The curtains parted t reveal the nly sl (独唱) — my sister. It tk abut a whle minute fr her t state her name and class and by that time, whispers were heard in the audience.
“Why is she taking s lng?” peple arund me asked. I shifted nervusly in my seat. Finally, my sister started t sing. I was prepared fr the wrst. She pened her muth, and I was transfixed — she sang effrtlessly. Her vice rang thrugh the hall, beautiful in its pwer. I listened ever s carefully t the wrds that she had cmpsed all by herself.
Guilt and shame filled my heart. Althugh she knew that I was embarrassed by her and was unwilling t attend her cncert, my sister had frgiven me; she had never taken anything that I had dne t her t heart. It was then that I reslved t lve her uncnditinally.
70．Why did the authr prtest against his sister’s decisin?
A．T challenge his parents.B．T fllw ther students.
C．T keep his sister’s image.D．T prtect his self-respect.
71．What d we knw abut the authr’s sister?
A．She always gt full marks in primary schl.
B．She refused t frm a grup with ther students.
C．She gave an excellent perfrmance befre graduatin.
D．She delivered an inspiring speech in frnt f the schl.
72．What lessn did the authr learn frm his sister?
A．Take nthing t heart.B．Lve withut cnditin.
C．Stick t ne’s wn chice.D．Learn frm anyne arund.
【答案】 70．D 71．C 72．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者被姐姐无条件的爱所感动。
70．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hearing that, I was taken aback. Hw culd my sister sing in frnt f the schl? She wuld embarrass me, ne way r anther. “N!” I remember prtesting. My parents sht me a lk. (听到这里，我吃了一惊。我姐姐怎么能在全校面前唱歌呢?无论如何她都会让我难堪。"不行!"我记得抗议过。我父母瞪了我一眼。) ”可知，作者抗议他姐姐的目的是保护他的自尊。故答案为D。
71．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Her vice rang thrugh the hall, beautiful in its pwer. l listened ever s carefully t the wrds that she had cmpsed all by herself.(她的声音响彻整个大厅，充满了美妙的力量。我非常认真地听她独自创作的歌词。)”可知，作者的姐姐在毕业前表演得非常出色，故答案为C。
72．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Guilt and shame filled my heart. Althugh she knew that l was embarrassed by her and was unwilling t attend her cncert, my sister had frgiven me; she had never taken anything that l had dne t her t heart. It was then that I reslved t lve her uncnditinally.(内疚和羞愧充满了我的心，虽然她知道我被她弄得很尴尬，不愿意参加她的演唱会，但我姐姐已经原谅了我；她从未把我对她的所作所为放在心上。就在那时，我下定决心无条件地爱她。)可知，作者从他姐姐身上学到了无条件的爱。故答案为B。
题型04 词义、句义猜测题
【题型诠释】
词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。
此类题的设问方式主要有：
1.The wrd “...” in be replaced by...
2.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests...
3.Frm the passage, we can infer that the wrd/phrase “...” is/referred t...
4.The wrd “...” is clsest in meaning t...
猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
此类题目可以采用以下几种方法：1. 利用构词法；2. 联系上下文语境；3. 代入法。词义推断题有时候可以同时运用构词法、语境和代入法，短语的语义高度依赖上下文内容和逻辑。
【高考真题】
【2024北京卷】
When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and jyusly making marks n the walls at hme. In primary schl, I learned t write using chalks. Writing seemed t be anther frm f drawing. I shaped individual letters int repeating lines, which were abstract frms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secndary schl, art was my favurite subject. Since. I lved it s much I thught I was gd at it. Fr the art O-level exam I had t present an il painting. I fund it difficult, but still hped t pass. I failed, with a lw grade. I’d been ver-cnfident. Nw I’d been declared talentless.
But ther channels f creativity stayed pen: I went n writing pems and stries. Still, I went t exhibitins ften. I cntinued my habitual drawing, which I nw characterised as childish ddling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways f lking at art. Hwever, I culdn’t let myself have a g at actually ding it. Thugh these new friends were abstract painters using il paints, r were printmakers r sculptrs, I tk il painting as the tab (禁忌) high frm I wasn’t allwed t practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big wman in red apprached me, handed me a bag f paints, and tld me t start painting. The dream felt s authritative that it shk me. It was a frm f energy, giving me back smething I’d lst. Accrdingly, I started by experimenting with water clurs. Finally, I bught sme il paints.
Althugh I have enjyed breaking my decades-lng tab abut wrking with il paints, I have discvered I nw prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn int cartns I send t friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxius. This time arund, I can accept my limitatins but keep ging.
Becming a successful painter calls fr being reslute. I realised I was always afraid f wanting t much. That dream reminded me that thse fears and desires culd encurage me t take risks and make experiments.
24. Hw did the authr feel abut the result f the art exam?
A. Scared.B. Wrried.C. Discuraged.D. Wrnged.
25. In her 30s, the authr _________.
A. avided il painting practiceB. sught fr a painting career
C. fancied abstract paintingD. exhibited child paintings
26. Which wrd wuld best describe the authr’s dream?
A. Cnfusing.B. Empwering.
C. Disturbing.D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Actins speak luder than wrds.B. Hard wrk is the mther f success.
C. Dreams are the reflectins f realities.D. Creative activities invlve being cnfident.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“I fund it difficult, but still hped t pass. I failed, with a lw grade. I’d been ver-cnfident. Nw I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways f lking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Thugh these new friends were abstract painters using il paints, r were printmakers r sculptrs, I tk il painting as the tab (禁忌) high frm I wasn’t allwed t practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt s authritative that it shk me. It was a frm f energy, giving me back smething I’d lst. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“Becming a successful painter calls fr being reslute. I realised I was always afraid f wanting t much. (成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。
【2023北京卷】
【2023北京卷】Sitting in the garden fr my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pcket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started ff: “Dear Mr Green, thank yu fr yur interest” and “the review prcess tk lnger than expected.” It ended with “We are srry t infrm yu…” and my visin blurred (模糊). The psitin—measuring sil quality in the Sahara Desert as part f an undergraduate research prgramme — had felt like the answer I had spent years lking fr.
I had put s much time and emtinal energy int applying, and I thught the rejectin meant the end f the rad fr my science career.
S I was shcked when, nt lng after the email, Prfessr Mary Devn, wh was running the prgramme, invited me t bserve the wrk being dne in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shcked—and verjyed—when she invited me t talk with her abut ptential prjects I culd pursue in her lab. What she prpsed didn’t seem as exciting as the riginal prject I had applied t, but I was ging t give it my all.
I fund myself wrking with a rbtics prfessr n techniques fr cllecting data frm the desert remtely. That prject, which I culd cmplete frm my sfa instead f in the burning heat f the desert, nt nly survived the lckdwn but wrked where traditinal methds didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest t pursue.
When I applied t graduate schl, I fund three prgrammes prmising t allw me t fllw my desired research directin. And I applied with the same anxius excitement as befre. When I was rejected frm ne that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) t keep it frm sending me int panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted int ne f the ther prgrammes I was als excited abut.
Rather than setting plans in stne, I’ve learned that smetimes I need t take the pprtunities that are ffered, even if they dn’t sund perfect at the time, and make the mst f them.
24．Hw did the authr feel upn seeing the email sender’s name?
A．Anxius.B．Angry.C．Surprised.D．Settled.
25．After talking with Prfessr Devn, the authr decided t ________.
A．criticise the review prcessB．stay lnger in the Sahara Desert
C．apply t the riginal prject againD．put his heart and sul int the lab wrk
26．Accrding t the authr, the prject with the rbtics prfessr was ________.
A．demandingB．inspiringC．misleadingD．amusing
27．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．An invitatin is a reputatin.B．An innvatin is a reslutin.
C．A rejectin can be a redirectin.D．A reflectin can be a restrictin.
【答案】24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started ff: “Dear Mr Green, thank yu fr yur interest” and “the review prcess tk lnger than expected.” It ended with “We are srry t infrm yu…”and my visin blurred (模糊). (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“S I was shcked when, nt lng after the email, Prfessr Mary Devn, wh was running the prgramme, invited me t bserve the wrk being dne in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shcked—and verjyed—when she invited me t talk with her abut ptential prjects I culd pursue in her lab. What she prpsed didn’t seem as exciting as the riginal prject I had applied t, but I was ging t give it my all. (因此，当我收到这封邮件后不久，负责这个项目的玛丽·德文教授邀请我去她的实验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊——同时也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段“I fund myself wrking with a rbtics prfessr n techniques fr cllecting data frm the desert remtely. That prject, which I culd cmplete frm my sfa instead f in the burning heat f the desert, nt nly survived the lckdwn but wrked where traditinal methds didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest t pursue. (我发现自己和一个机器人教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。我可以在沙发上完成这个项目，而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成，它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求)”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than setting plans in stne, I’ve learned that smetimes I need t take the pprtunities that are ffered, even if they dn’t sund perfect at the time, and make the mst f them. (我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划)”结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故选C。
【2022北京卷】
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me. Fr almst a year I struggled n, cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.
One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. I jined a pre-presentatin dinner with him and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speak ne-n-ne with him—an idea that had seemed cmpletely impssible. This first cntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later, Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference. Lking back, I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunities that my ld self wuld have let pass, but that this new and mre cnfident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
I am writing this just six mnths since my jurney began and I’ve realised that my biggest bstacle ( 障碍 ) this whle time was myself. It was that vice in the back f my head telling me that ne phrase that has stpped s many peple frm reaching their ptential: I can’t. They say gd things cme t thse wh wait; I say: grab every pprtunity with everything yu have and be impatient. After all, nature des nt require ur patience, but ur actin.
24. What was the main cause fr Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability t act her age.B. Her habit f cnsumptin.
C. Her desire t be perfect.D. Her lack f inspiratin.
25. Hw did Grant Brwn’s presentatin influence Alice?
A. She decided t d smething fr nature.B. She tasted the sweetness f friendship.
C. She learned abut the harm f desire.D. She built up her curage t speak up.
26. The activities Alice jined in helped her t becme mre ________.
A. intelligentB. cnfidentC. innvativeD. critical
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect.B. Patience is a cure f anxiety.
C. Actin is wrry’s wrst enemy.D. Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
24.【解析】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。
25.【解析】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brwn的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“Yuth fr Nature”和“Yuth fr Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brwn让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。
26.【解析】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
27.【解析】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
【2021北京卷】
I remember the day during ur first week f class when we were infrmed abut ur semester（学期） prject f vlunteering at a nn-prfit rganizatin．When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help，my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．
Then，an OIC representative gave us sme details，which smewhat interested me．After ding sme research， I believed that we culd really d smething fr thse kids．When I went nline t the OIC website，I saw pictures f the Iraqi children．Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（绝望） and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin．We decided t cllect as many schl supplies as pssible，and make them int kits——ne kit，ne child．
The mst rewarding day fr ur grup was prject day，when all the effrts we put int cllecting the items finally came tgether．When I saw the varius supplies we had cllected，it hit me that every kit we were t build that day wuld eventually be in the hands f an Iraqi child．Over the past fur mnths，I had never imagined hw I wuld feel nce ur prject was cmpleted．While making the kits，I realized that I had lst sight f the true meaning behind it．I had nly fcused n the fact that it was anther schl prject and ne I wanted t get a gd grade n．When the kits were cmpleted，and ready t be sent verseas，the warm feeling I had was ne I wuld never frget．
In the beginning，I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn．Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．
24. Hw did the authr feel abut jining the OIC prject in the beginning？
A. It wuld affect his/her initial plans．
B. It wuld invlve traveling verseas．
C It wuld nt bring him/her a gd grade．
D. It wuld nt live up t his/her expectatins．
25. What mainly helped the authr change his/her attitude tward the prject？
A. Images f Iraqi children．B. Research by his/her classmates．
C. A teacher's intrductin．D. A representative's cmments．
26. The authr's OIC prject grup wuld help ten Iraqi children t________．.
A. becme OIC vlunteersB. further their educatin
C. study in freign cuntriesD. influence ther children
27. What can we cnclude frm this passage？
A. One's ptential cannt always be underrated．
B. First impressin cannt always be trusted．
C. Actins speak luder than wrds．
D. He wh hesitates is lst．
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help，my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When I went nline t the OIC website，I saw pictures f the Iraqi children．Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（绝望） and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin．”（当我上网访问OIC 网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．”（现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn．Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。
【2020北京卷】
Fr the past five years, Paula Smith, a histrian f science, has devted herself t re-creating lng-frgtten techniques. While ding research fr her new bk, she came acrss a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）cnsisting f nearly 1,000 sets f instructins, cvering subjects frm tl making t finding the best sand.
The authr's intentin remains as mysterius（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking ntes fr his wn recrds. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any f the skills the authr described. "Yu simply can't get an understanding f that handwrk by reading abut it," she says.
Thugh Smith did get her hands n the best sand, ding things the ld-fashined way isn't just abut playing arund with French mud. Recnstructing the wrk f the craftsmen（工匠）wh lived centuries ag can reveal hw they viewed the wrld, what bjects filled their hmes, and what went n in the wrkshps that prduced them. It can even help slve present-day prblems: In 2015, scientists discvered that a 10th-century English medicine fr eve prblems culd kill a drug-resistant virus.
The wrk has als brught insights fr museums, Smith says. One must knw hw n bject was made in rder t preserve it. What's mre, recnstructins might be the nly way t knw what treasures lked like befre time wre them dwn. Schlars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Rman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbw f striking clurs. We can't appreciate these kinds f details withut seeing wrks f art as they riginally appeared-smething Smith believes yu can d nly when yu have a rad map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas int practice. Her final gal is t link the wrlds f art and science back tgether: She believes that bringing the ld recipes t life can help develp a kind f learning that highlights experimentatin, teamwrk, and prblem slving.
Back when science—then called “the new philsphy”—tk shape, academics lked t craftsmen fr help in understanding the natural wrld. Micrscpes and telescpes were invented by way f artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass t better bend light.
If we can rediscver the values f hands-n experience and craftwrk, Smith says, we can marry the best f ur mdern insights with the handiness f ur ancestrs.
38. Hw did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript?
A. Cnfused abut the technical terms.
B. Impressed with its detailed instructins.
C. Discuraged by its cmplex structure.
D. Shcked fr her wn lack f hand skills.
39. Accrding t Smith, the recnstructin wrk is dne mainly t _____________.
A. restre ld wrkshpsB. understand the craftsmen
C. imprve visual effectsD. inspire the philsphers
40. Why des the authr mentin museums?
A. T reveal the beauty f ancient bjects.
B. T present the findings f ld science.
C T highlight the imprtance f antiques.
D. T emphasise the values f hand skills.
41. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends fr Artists
B. Craftsmanship Leads t New Theries
C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future f Science
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. D 41. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any f the skills the authr described. "Yu simply can't get an understanding f that handwrk by reading abut it," she says.” 让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。” 由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Recnstructing the wrk f the craftsmen（工匠）wh lived centuries ag can reveal hw they viewed the wrld, what bjects filled their hmes, ” 重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The wrk has als brught insights fr museums, Smith says. One must knw hw n bject was made in rder t preserve it. What's mre, recnstructins might be the nly way t knw what treasures lked like befre time wre them dwn.” 史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscver the values f hands-n experience and craftwrk, Smith says, we can marry the best f ur mdern insights with the handiness f ur ancestrs. ”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。
【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中C选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选C。
【最新模考】
【2024·北京朝阳·一模】
My birth was a little mre dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the wrld. I was brn missing my left hand. Indeed, my limb (手臂) difference culd have been a disaster if it hadn’t been fr what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mther’s arms and instructed, “Yu will take her hme. Yu will lve her and treat her as nrmal.”
That is exactly what happened. I played sprts, acted in theater, excelled in schl and had playdates with friends. While I did get sme stares and “plite” questins abut my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun f fr it.
Hwever, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day f high schl. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-cnscius and the need t fit in is intensified. I remember ne f the ther kids n the schl bus stared just a little t lng at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge t hide my hand, s I slipped it int my pcket. I tld myself that I’d just hide it that ne day, while I was trying t make friends. But ne day f hiding turned int a week, a mnth, and years — 25 f them t be exact.
When I was 38 years ld, tired f hiding and lnely, I met smene special and invited him in. The cmbinatin f me finally feeling ready t unhide and his willingness t g thrugh the unhiding prcess with me was exactly what I needed. Fr the first time in my life, I allwed smene t really hld my limb, lk at it, tuch it, lve it — lve me. I saw my limb difference as smething unique abut me, smething that shuld be shwn, nt hidden.
It was a transfrmatinal experience, and I learned t lve me t. It changed hw I lived my entire life and made me happier. I als discvered and jined the Lucky Fin Prject, an rganisatin devted t peple with all types f disabilities.
Hiding things, especially frm lved nes, is tiring and lnely, and it prevents us frm getting help and supprt. It’s time t change that.
21．What was the authr’s childhd like?
A．She had n scial interactins with friends.
B．She was raised with care and treated nrmally.
C．She faced sme challenges in schl activities.
D．She was upset abut the attentin t her difference.
22．What happened t the authr when she was 13 years ld?
A．She began t ignre her disability.
B．She suffered prejudice frm sme kids.
C．She started hiding herself away frm friends.
D．She became sensitive due t her self-awareness.
23．Hw did the authr change when she stpped hiding?
A．She started t pen up and be herself.
B．She met smene wh cured her disability.
C．She was fed up with the cmpany f thers.
D．She reduced invlvement in the disability grup.
24．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Misfrtune is a gd teacher.
B．Disability is nt a barrier t success.
C．Self-acceptance can lead t self-lve.
D．Nthing beats the feeling f being lved.
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美。作者意识到只有自我接纳，才能好好爱自己。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Indeed, my limb difference culd have been a disaster if it hadn’t been fr what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mther’s arms and instructed, “Yu will take her hme. Yu will lve her and treat her as nrmal.”(事实上，如果没有接下来发生的事情，我的肢体差异可能是一场灾难。一位护士把我放在母亲的怀里，嘱咐我说:“你带她回家。你会爱她，像对待正常人一样对待她。”)”及第二段“That is exactly what happened. I played sprts, acted in theater, excelled in schl and had playdates with friends. While I did get sme stares and “plite” questins abut my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun f fr it.(事实正是如此。我参加体育运动，在剧院表演，在学校表现优异，和朋友一起玩。虽然我确实得到了一些关于我的残疾的凝视和“礼貌”的问题，但我很幸运，因为我没有因此而被取笑)”可知，作者虽然天生残疾，但是在童年时代受到了精心照料，受到正常的对待。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-cnscius and the need t fit in is intensified. I remember ne f the ther kids n the schl bus stared just a little t lng at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge t hide my hand, s I slipped it int my pcket.(我13岁，这个年纪的孩子已经很有自我意识了，融入社会的需求也越来越强烈。我记得校车上的一个孩子盯着我的左臂看了太久。我突然有一种想把手藏起来的冲动，于是我把它塞进了口袋)”可知，当作者13岁的时候，由于有了自我意识，作者对于周围的目光十分敏感。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“The cmbinatin f me finally feeling ready t unhide and his willingness t g thrugh the unhiding prcess with me was exactly what I needed. Fr the first time in my life, I allwed smene t really hld my limb, lk at it, tuch it, lve it—lve me. I saw my limb difference as smething unique abut me, smething that shuld be shwn, nt hidden.(我终于觉得自己准备好了袒露自己，而他愿意和我一起经历袒露的过程，这正是我所需要的。这是我人生中第一次，我允许别人真正地握住我的胳膊，看它，摸它，爱它——爱我。我认为我的肢体差异是我的独特之处，应该被展示出来，而不是被隐藏起来)”可知，当作者停止隐藏时，她开始敞开心扉，做自己。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美，结合倒数第二段“It was a transfrmatinal experience, and I learned t lve me t.(这是一次转变的经历，我也学会了爱自己)”及最后一段“Hiding things, especially frm lved nes, is tiring and lnely, and it prevents us frm getting help and supprt.(隐藏事情，尤其是对所爱的人，是很累和孤独的，它阻止我们得到帮助和支持)”可推知，作者在成长过程中感悟到了，接收自己才能爱自己。由此推知，从文章中我们知道了“自我接纳会导致自爱”。故选C。
【2024·北京朝阳·二模】
When I was nine, my best friend nearly chked t death n a gbstpper, a type f hard candy. After several attempts, she cughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gbstpper since and I have carried with me a fear f seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discvered this week, lightning can strike twice.
I was getting ff a tube train in Lndn when I nticed a wman cughing. I slwed dwn, watching her carefully. I had learned that cughing is rarely a sign that smething is terribly wrng. Suddenly, the wman stpped cughing, her eyes widened and she bent ver.
When I went ver t ask if she was OK, she lked up at me, panicked, and pinted t her back. I started hitting her back and screaming fr help. Despite having watched a few vides, I was terrified that I wuldn’t be able t crrectly perfrm the Heimlich, a first-aid methd, and that I wuld have t walk away with guilt fr her death. But it was just the tw f us, alne at an undergrund statin; if I didn’t try t help, n ne wuld. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her thrat came lse. She thanked me, almst embarrassed, and walked up t the lift. I fllwed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes.
By the time we reached the lift, we had bth calmed dwn. She tk my hands and thanked me again, befre disappearing. She might have been fine withut my hurried hits n her back — I may nt have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that smene, a stranger whm she wuld never see again, cared.
This experience als taught me abut the bystander effect, where peple assume thers assumed t be available during an emergency, direct help frm thers is far less likely t will help, leading t inactin. I get it: the fear f making things wrse, especially if yu have n medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically cmpetent” persn is assumed t be available during an emergency, direct help frm thers is far less likely t ccur. Smetimes, thugh, regardless f wh else culd be nearby, it may be useful t get invlved. S it was with the cughing wman n the tube.
45．Hw did the friend’s chking incident affect the authr?
A．She lived with a sense f guilt.
B．She realized the imprtance f first aid.
C．She develped a fear f witnessing similar events.
D．She deepened her understanding f the bystander effect.
46．What did the authr d t help the wman n the tube?
A．She relieved the wman’s cughing.
B．She walked the wman up t the lift.
C．She fund a “medically cmpetent” persn fr her.
D．She perfrmed first aid by hitting the wman’s back.
47．Which situatin can be described as the bystander effect?
A．Yu vlunteered t help an ld man carrying a heavy bag.
B．Yu asked yur brther wh is a dctr t save a dying wman.
C．Yu avided invlvement when seeing an injured lady n the rad.
D．Yu walked away after the rescue men asked yu t leave the scene.
48．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．A gd tun deserves anther.B．Every clud has a silver lining.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed.D．Actin speaks luder than inactin.
【答案】45．C 46．D 47．C 48．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在地铁上帮助了一个被噎住的女性，虽然没帮上大忙，但是对方还是感谢了作者，让作者认识到行动胜于无为。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was nine, my best friend nearly chked t death n a gbstpper, a type f hard candy. After several attempts, she cughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gbstpper since and I have carried with me a fear f seeing that scene again.(我九岁的时候，我最好的朋友差点被一种叫gbstpper的硬糖噎死。几次尝试后，她咳出了糖果。从那以后，我再也没有吃过gbstpper，我一直害怕再次看到那一幕)”可知，朋友的窒息事件让作者对目睹类似的事件产生了恐惧。故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据第三段“I started hitting her back and screaming fr help.(我开始拍打她的背部，大声呼救)”以及“Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her thrat came lse.(谢天谢地，就像我的朋友一样，在几次猛烈的拍打之后，卡在她喉咙里的东西松动了)”可知，作者通过拍打女人的背部来进行急救，来帮助地铁上的女人。故选D。
47．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This experience als taught me abut the bystander effect, where peple assume thers assumed t be available during an emergency, direct help frm thers is far less likely t will help, leading t inactin.(这段经历也教会了我“旁观者效应”，即人们认为别人在紧急情况下可以提供帮助，而别人的直接帮助远不太可能提供帮助，从而导致不作为)”可知，C选项“当你在路上看到一位受伤的女士时，你避免了介入”属于旁观者效应。故选C。
48．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She might have been fine withut my hurried hits n her back—I may nt have actually saved her life—but at least she knew that smene, a stranger whm she wuld never see again, cared.(如果没有我匆忙拍她的背，她可能也会没事——我可能并没有真正救了她的命——但至少她知道有个人，一个她再也见不到的陌生人关心她)”以及最后一段“Smetimes, thugh, regardless f wh else culd be nearby, it may be useful t get invlved.(不过，有时候，不管谁在附近，参与进来可能会很有用)”可知，故事告诉我们行动胜于无为。故选D。
【2024·北京丰台·二模】
Abeid was brn in a village f Tanzania and dreamt f flying a plane, saring (翱翔) thrugh the sky. Due t financial difficulties, he became a wildlife guide instead.
Abeid didn’t give up. He became a chief pilt f ht air ballning at the age f 20. His passin fr flying was matched by his skill bth as a pilt and as a guide. Then, he came up with the idea f flying acrss the Serengeti frm east t west, which wuld take fur flights n successive days, taking ff and landing where n ne had ever seen a balln befre.
As a jurnalist, I was s lucky t make a jurney with Abeid. We were up at 3 am. Abeid walked int the basket and checked the lines and the fastenings. Mments later, he was instructing me t get int it. With barely time t catch my breath, he gave a lng blast (猛吹) n the burners and the basket tipped upright.
Over the fllwing days, we gasped at the jy and wnder f the sky; at the beauty and cmplexity f the land beneath us. There was n fear, just a sense f being part f smething fantastic as we flated in the silence f the African sky.
But nt everything went entirely t Abeid’s carefully wrked-ut plan. The rains that had started t fall every afternn slwed the air. On the final day, we landed 20km shrt f the destinatin. Luckily, we finally made the crssing the next mrning.
When we were returning t the land, crwds f peple shuted and waved. Many children lked up as we flew ver them, and started t run. As Abeid brught the balln dwn, peple gathered arund the balln, pressing against the basket. Thse children were als there, flushed and breathless, eyes wide with amazement. Abeid and I bth lked at each ther in silent agreement. Suddenly we were helping sme children int the basket. Abeid lifted ff and we flew just a few hundred metres with the excited crwd running alngside.
I realized that Abeid’s jurney was mre than just abut flying. It was abut hpe, inspiratin, and the jy f sharing ne’s passin. And as I penned dwn the last wrds f this extrardinary experience, I knew that Abeid’s stry wuld resnate (回荡) far beynd the Serengeti.
65．What did Abeid dream f?
A．Being a wildlife guide.B．Being a jurnalist.
C．Flying a ht air balln.D．Flying a plane.
66．Which f the fllwing best describes the jurney acrss the Serengeti?
A．Smth.B．Pineering.C．Painful.D．Ec-friendly.
67．What agreement did Abeid and the authr reach?
A．Shwing their technical skills.B．Teaching the children t be a pilt.
C．Taking the children fr a ride.D．Attracting peple t their shw.
68．What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．A Beautiful View: frm East t West
B．A Balln Adventure: the Dream Saring High
C．Different Jb Experiences: frm a Guide t a Pilt
D．A Wildlife Explratin: the Unfrgettable Experience
【答案】65．D 66．B 67．C 68．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述主人公阿贝德的一次开创性的气球飞行冒险，实现了飞行梦想，充满希望，灵感和分享的快乐。
65．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Abeid was brn in a village f Tanzania and dreamt f flying a plane, saring (翱翔) thrugh the sky. (阿贝德出生在坦桑尼亚的一个村庄，他的梦想是驾驶一架飞机，在天空翱翔。)”可知，Abeid的梦想是开飞机。故选D。
66．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Then, he came up with the idea f flying acrss the Serengeti frm east t west, which wuld take fur flights n successive days, taking ff and landing where n ne had ever seen a balln befre. (然后，他想到了从东到西飞越塞伦盖蒂的想法，这需要连续四天飞行四次，起飞和降落在以前没有人见过气球的地方。)”可知，穿越塞伦盖蒂是开创性的，以前这里没有热见过气球。故选B。
67．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Abeid and I bth lked at each ther in silent agreement. Suddenly we were helping sme children int the basket. Abeid lifted ff and we flew just a few hundred metres with the excited crwd running alngside. (阿贝德和我都默默对视一眼达成协议。突然，我们帮助一些孩子进入篮子。阿贝德起飞了，我们只飞了几百米，兴奋的人群在旁边奔跑。)”可知，阿贝德和作者达成的协议是带孩子们飞一段路程。故选C。
68．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Abeid was brn in a village f Tanzania and dreamt f flying a plane, saring (翱翔)thrugh the sky. (阿贝德出生在坦桑尼亚的一个村庄，他的梦想是驾驶一架飞机，在天空翱翔。)”，第二段的“Then, he came up with the idea f flying acrss the Serengeti frm east t west, which wuld take fur flights n successive days, taking ff and landing where n ne had ever seen a balln befre. (然后，他想到了从东到西飞越塞伦盖蒂的想法，这需要连续四天飞行四次，起飞和降落在以前没有人见过气球的地方。)”以及最后一段“I realized that Abeid’s jurney was mre than just abut flying. It was abut hpe, inspiratin, and the jy f sharing ne’s passin. And as I penned dwn the last wrds f this extrardinary experience, I knew that Abeid’s stry wuld resnate (回荡) far beynd the Serengeti. (我意识到阿贝德的旅程不仅仅是飞行。它是关于希望、灵感和分享激情的快乐。当我写下这段非凡经历的最后几句话时，我知道阿贝德的故事会引起共鸣，远远超出塞伦盖蒂。)”可知，文章主语讲述阿贝德的一次开创性的气球飞行冒险，实现了飞行梦想，充满希望，灵感和分享的快乐，因此推断B项“气球冒险：高飞的梦想”为最佳标题。故选B。
年份
主题
语境
词数
话题
考点分布
细节理解
推理
判断
主旨大意
词义猜测
2024
人与自我
354
作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性
1
3
0
0
2023
人与自我
386
被拒绝也不是坏事，这意味着你能重新确定自己的方向。
1
3
0
0
2022
人与自然
348
参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑
3
1
0
0
2021
人与自我
379
第一印象不总是可信的
3
0
0
0
2020
人与自我
403
重视手工技能，将手工技能和科学结合在一起
2
1
1
0