高考英语一轮-系动词和感官动词突破（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语一轮-系动词和感官动词突破（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版），共31页。试卷主要包含了用get，完成句子等内容，欢迎下载使用。
目录
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
\l "_Tc22251" 考向01 系动词达标练
\l "_Tc22251" 考向02 助动词达标练
\l "_Tc30632" 考向03 感官动词、使役动词和感情色彩类动词达标练
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
考向01系动词达标练
一、用get、turn、becme、be、taste、seem、appear ,fall ,lk、smell、feel、sund, make, remain ,的适当形式填空
1. The weather ______warmer and the days _______lnger in spring．
2. What are yu ging _______when yu grw up．
3 .Her face__________red．
4. Yu_______ wrried．What's wrng﹖
5. She________a famus nurse．
6. The pie _______delicius．I want t eat anther ne．
7. The rse _______sweet．
8. It _______strange，but it is true．
9. He ______t be right．
10 .They were tired but______ happy．
11. The trees_______ green.
12 .She_____like her mther．
13. He______better．
14 .The Christmas tree with lights _____beautiful.
15 .The stry________ interesting．
The village _____deserted and nt even a dg was t be seen.
17. The engine _____all right t me in fact I think it is running very smthly
18. At the age f 18 mnths she _____ deaf and blind
19. When they heard the news the grup suddenly _____ silent.
20. When he was caught by the plice he _____crazy and shuted and fught
21. The huse will_____ anther century.
22. The nise frm the crwd _____luder and luder.
23. The news f ur trip must ______a secret fr a little
24. The idea f writing dwn her memries f him _____a gd ne.
答案与分析
一、1 gets get 2 t be 3 turned 4 lk 5 became
6 tastes 7 smells 8 sunds 9 seems 10 felt 11 turn 12 lks 13 felt 14 lks 15 sunds 16. appeared 17.sunds 18.became 19.fell 20。went
21. stand 22. grew 23.remain 24.seemed / seems
考向02 助动词达标练
一、语法填空
1．Little (d) I think that I wuld pursue fashin design as my jb and qualify as a fashin designer eventually. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】did
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：我几乎没有想过我会把时装设计作为我的工作，并最终成为一名合格的时装设计师。否定副词little位于句首，使用部分倒装，将助动词置于主语之前，结合“wuld pursue”可知，使用一般过去时，助动词用did。故填did。
2．Nt nly the muntain climbing get us lser t nature, it als prmted the friendship amng us. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】did
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：爬山不仅使我们亲近大自然，也增进了我们之间的友谊。分析句子可知，nt nly置句首，句子使用部分倒装，由下文的prmted可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故用助动词did，故填did。
3．Fr the happiness f yur family, bey traffic rules. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】d
【详解】考查强调谓语。句意：为了你的家庭幸福，请务必遵守交通规则。本句陈述一种事实，要用一般现在时，空格处是祈使句，强调谓语动词要用 d。故空格处填 d。
4．Very seldm the yung lady eat any breakfast t keep a slim figure. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】des/did
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：这位年轻的女士很少吃早餐来保持身材苗条。seldm置句首，句子使用部分倒装，根据句意，句子可用一般现在时或者一般过去时，the yung lady是第三人称单数，用助动词des或者did，故填des/did。
5．Nt nly the prfessrs have their wn idea n the matter , but the students have theirs ,t. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】d
【详解】考查时态和部分倒装。句意：不仅教授们对这件事有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的看法。Nt nly置于句首，句子要部分倒装，根据“but the students have theirs”可知，句子用一般现在时，在根据“ the prfessrs ”，故填d。
6．N until he tk ff his glasses I recgnize him. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】did
【详解】考查倒装。句意：直到他摘下眼镜，我才认出他。否定词nt位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，即助动词提到主语前，根据从句动词tk ff“摘下”可知用一般过去时，故助动词为did。故填did。
7．Tm, tgether with his friends, (have) gne ut t play．（用单词的适当形式完成句子）
【答案】has
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：Tm和他的朋友们一起出去玩了。主语后接tgether with+其他主语时，主谓一致采用就远原则，谓语动词根据前面的主语来确定，即Tm，为第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，故填has。
8．As a result f destrying the fr-ests, a large quantity f desert （have）cvered the land. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】has
【详解】考查助动词/主谓一致。句意：由于对森林的破坏，大量的沙漠覆盖了这片土地。分析句子可知，have为助动词，与cvered一起构成谓语，结合语境可知，时态为现在完成时，a quantity f 后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，所以助动词应用单数形式，故填has。
9．I (d) tell Tm that I visited the Natinal Stadium called “the bird's nest” in Beijing, but he cmpletely frgt it. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】did
【详解】考查助动词。句意：我确实告诉过汤姆我去参观了北京国家体育馆“鸟巢”，但是他完全忘记了。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要助动词表示“确实”的意思，强调动词“tell”，根据句子其它谓语动词“visited”和“frgt ”，可知，这句话是过去发生的事情，所以助动词要用did。故填did。
二、完成句子
10．Thusands f peple culd die because the relief effrt has (落后、滞后) s far. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 fallen behind
【详解】考查动词短语，时态和助动词用法。句意：成千上万的人可能会因为救援工作的滞后而死亡。表示“落后、滞后”应用动词短语fall behind，在助动词has后动词应用过去分词形式构成现在完成时。故填①fallen②behind。
11．The ceans nt nly prvide us with abundant resurces, but they als play a rle in maintaining the balance f ur ecsystem.
→ , but they als play a rle in maintaining the balance f ur ecsystem.(倒装句)
【答案】Nt nly d the ceans prvide us with abundant resurces
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：海洋不仅为我们提供了丰富的资源，而且在维持生态系统平衡方面也发挥着作用。根据提示，用倒装句式，nt nly置句首，句子使用部分倒装，助动词置于主语前，句子是一般现在时，主语ceans是复数，用助动词d，故填Nt nly d the ceans prvide us with abundant resurces。
12．What yu said just nw (讲不通). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 desn’t make sense
【详解。句意：你刚才说得话讲不通，“讲得通”是固定搭配make sense，讲不通需要使用助动词构成否定结构，故填 desn’t make sense。
13．这次爱心义卖活动不仅吸引了大量的学生，而且许多老师也积极参加。(nt nly... but als的倒装)(汉译英)
.
【答案】Nt nly did the charity sale appeal t many students but als many teachers tk an active part in it.
【详解】考查部时态和部分倒装。句子陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，nt als...连接并列句；第一个分句，主语“这次爱心义卖活动”表达为the charity sale，谓语“吸引”表达为appeal t，宾语“很多学生”表达为many students ，nt nly置于句首时，引起部分倒装，句子为一般过去时，故将助动词did置于主语之前，谓语动词用原形；第二个分句，主语“很多老师”表达为many teachers，谓语“积极参与”表达为tk an active part in，宾语“这次活动”用代词it代替。故翻译为Nt nly did the charity sale appeal t many students but als many teachers tk an active part in it.
考向03 变化感官动词、使役动词和感情色彩类动词达标练
单句语法填空
1. The labratry's strict prtcls ______ all researchers ______ (wear) prtective gear at all times, regardless f the experiment's simplicity.
2. The sudden expsure t the ancient artifact ______ the archaelgist ______ (questin) his previus theries abut the civilizatin.
3. T ensure transparency, the cmmittee ______ the financial recrds ______ (audit) by an independent firm befre the cnference.
4. The haunting meldy f the pian cncert ______ the entire audience ______ (fall) int a trance-like silence.
5. The cntrversial plicy change ______ many emplyees ______ (cnsider) resigning, despite the prmised benefits.
6. The detective's relentless interrgatin finally ______ the suspect ______ (cnfess) the truth invluntarily.
7. The prfessr ______ her students ______ (analyze) three cnflicting academic papers t cultivate critical thinking.
8. The malfunctining fire alarm ______ everyne in the building ______ (evacuate) immediately, thugh it turned ut t be a false alarm.
9. The new cybersecurity regulatins ______ all staff ______ (update) their passwrds every mnth, much t their annyance.
10. The sight f the starving plar bear n the melting iceberg ______ the envirnmentalists ______ (take) immediate actin.
答案
1. (强制要求穿戴，have更正式)
2. 或 (被动影响 vs. 持续状态)
3. (让记录被审计，强调被动)
或 (情感影响 vs. 瞬间动作)
5. 或 (政策导致持续考虑)
cnfess (通过努力使嫌犯坦白)
(布置任务，have sb. d)
8. 或 ** (紧急状况下的强制行为)
9. update 或 ** (规章制度要求)
10. 或 take** (情感驱使采取行动)
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. The students ____________ (在朗读) when Mr. Black gt int the classrm.
2. He ____________ (在那个工厂工作) fr 10 years by the end f XXXX.
3. —Did yu tell Mary abut the result?
—Oh, n, I frgt. I ____________ (打电话给她) nw.
4. Hw can yu ____________ (保持如此冷静) after such a ht argument?
5. A mdern stadium in that city, ____________ （完成） sn, will be a gd place fr peple t have different kinds f sprts in.
6. Prfessr Smith is said ____________ （设计） a new cmputer prgramme recently.
7. When I get hme, my wife ______ ______ _____ _____ ______ (很可能正在看电视) .
8. The peple wh _____ _____ _____ ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ (明天生活在这个地球上的) are they yung f tday.
9. My duties will end in July and I _____ _____ ______ _____ (将回到) Arizna in the US.
10. My wife and I ____ _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ (会一直盼望着见到你) when yu cme with the Chinese medical delegatin(代表团).
Keys:
1. were reading alud
2. had wrked in that factry
3. will call her
4. stay / keep s cl / calm
5. t be cmpleted
6. t have designed
7. will prbably be watching televisin
8.will be living in the wrld f tmrrw
9. will be returning t
10. will be lking frward t seeing yu
11．听起来好像某人正在敲门。
It _______________smene is kncking at the dr.
【答案】sunds as if
【详解】考查动词时态和表语从句。根据中英文提示，空格处缺少“听起来好像”，表示“听起来”用sund，表示“好像”用as if，引导表语从句，根据句意用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，故谓语动词也用第三人称单数，故填sunds as if。
12．—Are yu still thinking abut yesterday’s game?
—Oh，that’s ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
——你还在想昨天的比赛吗？
——嗯，那是让我感到兴奋的事情。
【答案】 what makes me feel excited
【详解】考查名词性从句和时态。分析句子结构可知，is后是表语从句。系动词feel后加形容词excited作表语，表示“感到兴奋”，make sb. d“让某人做”，所以make me feel excited“让我感到兴奋”，此结构中缺主语，表示“事情”，用连接代词what引导，根据主句主语that，可知what表示的是单数含义，根据主句谓语is以及从句句意，可知从句用一般现在时态，故填 ①what；②makes； ③me；④feel；⑤excited。
13．The little by felt ________ (感激的) t the cach fr his letting him jin in the game. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】grateful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：小男孩很感激教练让他参加了比赛。felt为感官动词feel的过去式，意为“感觉起来”，其后跟形容词。grateful意为“感激的”。故填grateful。
14．He nted that a dish in which he was trying t grw bacteria fr an experiment ________(看起来有些异常)—there was blue mund in it.
【答案】lked abnrmal
【详解】考查固定短语和动词时态。句意：他注意到一个培养皿看起来不太正常——里面有个蓝色的土堆。根据汉语意思“看起来有些异常”可知应用lk abnrmal，结合上文nted可知应用一般过去时。故填lked abnrmal。
15．Regular cleaning will______________________(使你的房间看起来更加整洁).(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】make yur rm lk cleaner
【解析】考查固定短语。make+宾语+宾语补足语是固定搭配，表示“使某物……”，宾语是yur rm，lk“看起来”是系动词，接形容词作表语，lk cleaner“看起来更加整洁”；will+动词原形构成一般将来时，故填make yur rm lk cleaner。
题型一 阅读理解
1
（2025·北京丰台·二模）In ecnmic theries, peple are typically represented as analytical agents wh learn frm past experiences t ptimize (优化) their perfrmance, eventually reaching a stable state in which they knw hw t maximise their earnings. This assumptin surprised Garnier Brun at Écle Plytechnique in France because, as a physicist, he knew that interactins in nature such as thse between atms ften result in chas rather than stability.
T test whether ecnmists are crrect t assume that learning frm the past can help peple avid chas, Brun and his clleagues devised a mathematical mde fr a game featuring hundreds f simulated players. Each player can chse between tw actins, like buying r selling a stck. They als interact with each ther, and the players’ decisin-making is influenced by what they have dne befre — meaning they are able t learn frm experience. The researchers culd adjust the precise extent t which a player’s past experiences influenced their subsequent decisin-making. They culd als cntrl the interactins between the players t make them either cperate r cmpete with each ther mre.
With all these cntrl knbs available t them, Brun and his clleagues used methds frm statistical physics t simulate different game situatins n a cmputer. In sme situatins, the researchers expected that the game wuld always result in chas, with players unable t learn hw t ptimise their perfrmance. Ecnmic thery wuld als suggest that, given the right set f parameters (参数), the players wuld settle int a stable state where they had mastered the game — but the researchers fund this wasn’t really the case. The mst likely utcme was a state that never settled.
Team member Jean Martin, als at Écle Plytechnique, says that, in the absence f ne centralised and all-knwing player wh culd crdinate everyne, regular players culd nly learn hw t reach “satisficing” states. That is a level that satisfied minimum expectatins, but nt much mre. Players gained mre than they wuld have dne by playing at randm, s learning wasn’t useless, but they still gained less than they wuld have if past experience had allwed them t truly ptimise their perfrmance.
Martin says the game mdel is t simple t be immediately adpted fr making real-wrld predictins, but she sees the study as a challenge t ecnmists t drp many assumptins that currently g int therising prcesses, like merchants chsing suppliers r banks setting interest rates. The finding culd als be imprtant fr simulating prcesses like fraging decisins by animals r fr sme machine-learning applicatins, says Tby Galla at the Institute fr Crss-Disciplinary Physics and Cmplex Systems in Spain.
27．Accrding t the passage, what inspired Brun t carry ut the study?
A．The belief that chas is a cmmn utcme in natural systems.
B．The cnflicts between ecnmic theries and interactins in nature.
C．The similarities in interactin patterns between atms and humans.
D．The inability f ecnmic theries t predict individual behaviurs.
28．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The research purpse.B．The research subjects.
C．The research methds.D．The research directin.
29．What can we infer frm Martin’s wrds?
A．The “satisficing” state is an ideal utcme fr players in the game.
B．Players can reach ptimal perfrmance with enugh past experiences.
C．Centralised cntrl is essential fr players t reach their full ptential.
D．Learning frm past experiences isn’t sufficient t maximise ne’s gains.
30．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Ecnmic Theries: Are They Reliable in Predicting Stability?
B．Learning frm Mistakes: The Key t Optimal Decisin-Making.
C．A Mathematical Mdel: Breaking Ecnmic Stability Assumptins.
D．Game Mdel Findings: Spreading Influence Acrss Multiple Disciplines.
【答案】27．B 28．C 29．D 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项挑战经济稳定性假设的研究，通过数学模型揭示经验学习未必导向最优决策。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段“In ecnmic theries, peple are typically represented as analytical agents wh learn frm past experiences t ptimize (优化) their perfrmance, eventually reaching a stable state in which they knw hw t maximise their earnings. This assumptin surprised Garnier Brun at Écle Plytechnique in France because, as a physicist, he knew that interactins in nature such as thse between atms ften result in chas rather than stability.(在经济理论中，人们通常被描述为分析主体，他们从过去的经验中学习，优化自己的表现，最终达到一个稳定的状态，在这个状态下，他们知道如何最大限度地提高收入。这个假设让法国Écle Plytechnique的Garnier Brun感到惊讶，因为作为一名物理学家，他知道自然界中的相互作用，比如原子之间的相互作用，往往会导致混乱而不是稳定。)”可知，Brun之所以开展这项研究，是因为他对经济学理论中“人们通过学习经验可以达到稳定状态”的假设产生质疑，他作为物理学家知道自然界的互动通常导致混乱而非稳定，由此可知，他研究的动机来源于经济理论稳定性假设与自然系统实际行为之间的冲突。故选B项。
28．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The researchers culd adjust the precise extent t which a player’s past experiences influenced their subsequent decisin-making. They culd als cntrl the interactins between the players t make them either cperate r cmpete with each ther mre. (研究人员可以精确地调整玩家过去经验对其后续决策的影响程度。他们还可以控制玩家之间的互动，使他们更多地合作或竞争。)”可知，本段详细介绍了研究人员如何设置游戏模型、调整参数以及控制变量来模拟不同情境，这些都属于研究过程中使用的方法，由此可知，本段主要介绍的是研究方法。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Players gained mre than they wuld have dne by playing at randm, s learning wasn’t useless, but they still gained less than they wuld have if past experience had allwed them t truly ptimise their perfrmance.(玩家通过学习获得的收益比随机游戏时要多，所以学习并非毫无用处，但如果过去的经验允许他们真正优化自己的表现，他们所获得的收益仍然比现在少。)”可知，让玩家通过过去的经验真正优化自己的表现时，他们所获得的收益仍然比现在少，由此可知，从过去的经验中学习不足以使收益最大化。故选D项。
30．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“In ecnmic theries, peple are typically represented as analytical agents wh learn frm past experiences t ptimize (优化) their perfrmance, eventually reaching a stable state in which they knw hw t maximise their earnings. This assumptin surprised Garnier Brun at Écle Plytechnique in France because, as a physicist, he knew that interactins in nature such as thse between atms ften result in chas rather than stability.(在经济理论中，人们通常被描述为具有分析能力的个体，他们从过去的经验中学习，以优化自身表现，最终达到一个稳定的状态，在这种状态下他们懂得如何使自己的收益最大化。这一假设令法国巴黎综合理工学院的Garnier Brun感到惊讶，因为作为一名物理学家，他深知自然界中的相互作用（例如原子之间的相互作用）往往导致混乱而非稳定。)”以及下文中介绍的他设计的数学模型对此假设的研究及发现可知，文章主要讲述了法国巴黎综合理工学院的Garnier Brun等研究人员设计了一个数学模型来验证经济学理论中人们能通过学习过去的经验达到稳定状态的假设，结果发现并非如此，玩家很难达到真正的稳定状态，并且从过去的经验中学习也不足以使收益最大化，所以题目“一个数学模型：打破经济稳定性假设”符合文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。
2
（2025·京市东城·二模）Fr almst tw centuries, newspapers have been n a jurney int the mass market which gave them scale, reputatin and prfit but which has nw reached its end. They mstly abandned dependence n subscriptins and instead sld belw prductin cst as a way t attract readers t sell t advertisers.
Since the Internet tk ff, the print media’s advertising-supprted business mdel has suffered. In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad prfits have fallen by abut 80%, while circulatin has rughly fallen by half. Thugh nline traffic has risen, prfit frm digital advertising has failed t ffset (抵消) the prfit draining ut f print. “Platfrms have becme the new kings f the media landscape,” says the Cmpetitin and Markets Authrity, a regulatr.
This pwer shift has led newspapers in many cuntries t turn t authrities fr help. Partly because they have, by their very nature, a lud vice, they have generated sympathy. Hw much they deserve it is anther matter.
The wrld is filled with businesses trn apart by the digital revlutin withut anyne rushing t the rescue. Why are newspapers different? One argument is that a thriving press supprts grass-rts jurnalism, which, thugh ften lss-making, supprts fairness and equality. That is reasnable. Yet it is mixed with ther mtivatins, such as the desire t chke the tech giants. The result is a range f interventins aimed at putting the pressure n big tech.
Mindful f the utcry, big tech is ffering a handut, prmising $1bn ver three years t newspapers t prvide news cntent fr its site. Sme publishers saw it as an unstated admissin that big tech shuld pay fr news.
If anything, the gratitude fr big tech’s genersity shws hw desperate newspapers are fr payment f any kind. Mre t the pint, it will nt change the underlying ecnmics f the glbal newspaper industry. That is because the ad-funded business mdel was living n fumes even befre the Internet ate the wrld this century. Data shw that newspapers have been lsing share f ad dllars t TV since the 1950s — lng befre the web. Circulatin has als fallen relative t ppulatin, suggesting that prfits were supprted by ecnmic and ppulatin grwth, nt because the industry was prducing a mre ppular prduct.
Claims that the tech giants are rbbing newspapers fr prfit sund far-fetched, t. The real failure is that papers have lst cntrl f distributin t platfrms, making it harder t mnetise the traffic. This is a mistake sme cntent industries, such as vide-streaming and music, have avided. Mrever, sme f the advertising dllars made by big tech came frm bringing new firms int the market, rather than taking nline advertisers frm newspapers.
S ignre the cmplaining f ld-media cmpanies in distress and lk instead at hw sme newspapers have already adapted t the digital invasin. Als sme digital publicatins with a newswrthy fcus are thriving. The questin f wh pays fr public-interest jurnalism remains unanswered. But few think it ught t be tech giants. That wuld “undermine the principles f an independent press”.
31．Why des the authr cite the statistics in Paragraph 2?
A．T prve the decline f print media.
B．T emphasize the ppularity f platfrms.
C．T indicate the imprtance f digital advertising.
D．T demnstrate the incnsistency in subscriptins.
32．The underlined phrase “was living n fumes” in Paragraph 6 prbably means ______.
A．was taking ffB．was mving frward
C．was falling apartD．was struggling alng
33．Which f the fllwing may the authr agree with?
A．The platfrm shuld supprt grass-rts jurnalism.
B．The ld media shuld prduce marketable prducts.
C．New nline advertisers shuld be intrduced.
D．Effective interventins shuld be made.
34．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Where is the Digital Age leading the press?
B．Are nline platfrms really a way ut?
C．Hw the Internet impacts ld media?
D．Shuld big tech save newspapers?
【答案】31．A 32．D 33．B 34．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文，作者批驳了报纸业“支持草根新闻业是在支持公平和公正”、“科技巨头正在掠夺报纸利润”这两种观点，揭露报纸行业的本质问题在其自身而非数字平台的冲击，并建议报纸业应提升内容质量从而实现自救。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the past 20 years, newspapers’ ad prfits have fallen by abut 80%, while circulatin has rughly fallen by half.(在过去的20年里，报纸的广告利润下降了大约80%，而发行量大约下降了一半)”可知，此处引用数据是为了证明印刷媒体的衰落，故选A。
32．词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“Data shw that newspapers have been lsing share f ad dllars t TV since the 1950s — lng befre the web. Circulatin has als fallen relative t ppulatin(数据显示，自20世纪50年代以来——早在网络出现之前——报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降)”可知，早在网络出现之前报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降，由此推知划线短语所在句意为“这是因为即使在本世纪互联网吞噬世界之前，广告资助的商业模式就已经难以为继了”，was living n fumes意为“在困难中坚持，勉力维持”，故选D。
33．推理判断题。根据第六段中“Circulatin has als fallen relative t ppulatin, suggesting that prfits were supprted by ecnmic and ppulatin grwth, nt because the industry was prducing a mre ppular prduct.(发行量相对于人口也有所下降，这表明利润是由经济和人口增长支撑的，而不是因为该行业在生产更受欢迎的产品)”可知，旧媒体应该生产适销对路的产品，故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“The questin f wh pays fr public-interest jurnalism remains unanswered. But few think it ught t be tech giants. That wuld ‘undermine the principles f an independent press’.(谁为公共新闻买单的问题仍然没有答案。但很少有人认为应该是科技巨头。这将‘破坏新闻独立的原则’)”可知，作者批驳了报纸业“支持草根新闻业是在支持公平和公正”、“科技巨头正在掠夺报纸利润”这两种观点，揭露报纸行业的本质问题在其自身而非数字平台的冲击，并建议报纸业应提升内容质量从而实现自救，D项“科技巨头应该拯救报纸吗？”最适合作为标题，故选D。
题型二 七选五
1
（2025届北京市第二中学高三下学期）When yu say, “Yu shuldn’t d that,” t a teenager, yur feedback (反馈) is likely t be met with an eye rll. By the time kids turn int teens, they dn’t think they need much help frm adults — especially their parents. 16
It’s imprtant fr yur teens t be able t hear cnstructive criticism withut autmatically becming defensive. 17 They’ll need yur advice n hw they can imprve their chances f success. But befre they can take that advice, they’ll have t be pen t listening t it. 18 Every time yu give yur teens cnstructive criticism, yu give them an pprtunity t grw and change.
If yu’re ffering cnstructive feedback, view yur rle as a guide. Pint ut what yur teen did well while adding what she/he culd d better next time. Besides, pint ut mistakes in a gentle manner. It can help them see that mistakes aren’t smething they shuld be ashamed f. 19 They can learn hw t bunce back frm failure.
20 If yur teens dn’t trust yu when yu are giving them feedback, they wn’t listen t what yu have t say. Rather than thinking abut hw t apply yur feedback t their life, they’ll invest their energy int thinking why yur advice desn’t matter. If yur teens respect yu, they’ll have respect fr yur pinin.
It must be nted that after yu’ve expressed yur cncern, ask yur teens fr their pinin. Shwing a willingness t listen t them can g a lng way tward encuraging them t listen t yu.
A．Listen t yur teens’ pinin.
B．It culd help them becme a better persn.
C．Instead, they can use it as a learning pprtunity.
D．Yur teens need t knw hw t imprve their scial skills.
E．Fr cnstructive criticism, a healthy relatinship is necessary.
F．Then, they’ll need t be able t be pen t changing their behavir.
G．Hwever, cnstructive criticism can be essential t yur teens’ welfare.
【答案】16．G 17．B 18．F 19．C 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是父母给孩子建设性批评的重要性和方法。
16．空前说“When yu say, “Yu shuldn’t d that,” t a teenager, yur feedback (反馈) is likely t be met with an eye rll. By the time kids turn int teens, they dn’t think they need much help frm adults — especially their parents.(当你对一个青少年说“你不应该那样做”的时候，你的反馈很可能会被对方翻白眼。当孩子们变成青少年时，他们认为他们不需要成年人的太多帮助——尤其是他们的父母。)”，说明像空前所说的那种反馈是不行的，空后说“It’s imprtant fr yur teens t be able t hear cnstructive criticism withut autmatically becming defensive.(对你的孩子来说，能够听到建设性的批评而不是自动地变得防御是很重要的。)”，说明孩子需要建设性的批评，G选项“Hwever, cnstructive criticism can be essential t yur teens’ welfare.(然而，建设性的批评对你的孩子的幸福是至关重要的。)”说明了建设性的批评很重要，是孩子需要的，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
17．空前说“It’s imprtant fr yur teens t be able t hear cnstructive criticism withut autmatically becming defensive.(对你的孩子来说，能够听到建设性的批评而不是自动地变得防御是很重要的。)”，说明建设性的批评很重要，空后说“They’ll need yur advice n hw they can imprve their chances f success.(他们需要你的建议，告诉他们如何提高成功的机会。)”，这是在说建设性批评的好处，空格处也应该说建设性批评的好处，B选项“It culd help them becme a better persn.(它可以帮助他们成为一个更好的人。)”说明了建设性批评的好处，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
18．空前说“But befre they can take that advice, they’ll have t be pen t listening t it.(但在他们接受这些建议之前，他们必须愿意听取这些建议。)”，说明首先要他们愿意听，空后说“Every time yu give yur teens cnstructive criticism, yu give them an pprtunity t grw and change.(每次你给你的孩子建设性的批评，你给了他们一个成长和改变的机会。)”说明孩子在听完建议后会改变，F选项“Then, they’ll need t be able t be pen t changing their behavir.(然后，他们需要能够开放地改变他们的行为。)”说明了他们听完建议会改变，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
19．空前说“Pint ut what yur teen did well while adding what she/he culd d better next time. Besides, pint ut mistakes in a gentle manner. It can help them see that mistakes aren’t smething they shuld be ashamed f.(指出你的孩子做得好的地方，同时补充他/她下次可以做得更好的地方。此外，要以温和的态度指出错误。这可以帮助他们明白错误不应该让他们感到羞耻。)”，这说明的是应该怎么给孩子给建议，以及这么做的好处，他们不应该把错误看成是令人羞耻的，空格处就应该说那应该把错误看成什么，空后说“They can learn hw t bunce back frm failure.(他们可以学习如何从失败中振作起来。)”，说明错误应该被看作是学习的机会，C选项“Instead, they can use it as a learning pprtunity.(相反，他们可以把它当作一个学习的机会。)”说明了孩子可以把错误看成是学习的机会，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
20．空格处是本段主题句，空后说“If yur teens dn’t trust yu when yu are giving them feedback, they wn’t listen t what yu have t say. Rather than thinking abut hw t apply yur feedback t their life, they’ll invest their energy int thinking why yur advice desn’t matter. If yur teens respect yu, they’ll have respect fr yur pinin.(如果你的孩子在你给他们反馈的时候不信任你，他们就不会听你说什么。他们不会考虑如何将你的反馈应用到他们的生活中，而是会把精力投入到为什么你的建议不重要上。如果你的孩子尊重你，他们也会尊重你的意见。)”，说明要给建设性的批评，首先要孩子和父母互相信任，也就是关系要良好，E选项“Fr cnstructive criticism, a healthy relatinship is necessary.(对于建设性的批评，健康的关系是必要的。)”说明了孩子和父母之间好的关系很重要，概括了本段主旨，可作为主题句，故选E。
2
（2025·北京朝阳·一模）When peple view phtgraphs f frightening spiders, scientists usually bserve increased electrical activity deep in their brain, in a regin called the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The bvius cnclusin is that the PAG cntrls fight-r-flight respnses in threatening situatins. But what if brains dn’t have dedicated circuits fr fighting and flighting? Is threat detectin really a primary mde f the brain with its wn neural circuitry (神经回路)?
This idea f fight-r-flight circuits riginates frm the “triune brain” mdel dividing brains int the s-called lizard brain, including the PAG, fr survival functins, the “limbic system” fr emtins, and the “necrtex” fr higher-rder reasning. If yu knw anything abut evlutin, yu might knw that smething is spurius. The nly animal n this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Als, there’s n unified limbic “system” r the “necrtex” fr emtins r ratinality (理性) respectively. S where des this leave the fight-r-flight stry?
Recently, changes in PAG activity have been bserved in nnthreatening tasks, such as reading a fascinating article abut the brain. The PAG has als been prved t regulate bdily systems cntinuusly. Incidentally, this explains why antianxiety medicatins manage anxiety disrders withut healing them. They target brain circuits that aren’t dedicated t anxiety r fight-r-flight but that simply regulate the bdy.
Researches n the brain’s pwers als cast new light n ur understandings. In daily life, individuals might feel like they perceive and react t varius stimuli as either threatening r safe. Actually, the brain, using past experiences, skillfully predicts and frmulates actin plans in anticipatin f events befre stimuli ccur. The brain’s preparatry mechanism, metablically (新陈代谢地) expensive, invlves cmplicated neurnal activities fr sustaining multiple predictins and crrespnding actin plans ver extended perids. But the experiences in fight-r-flight respnses crafted by yur brain dn’t reveal hw it wrks.
Mrever, yur brain, which des much mre than avid threats, handles a cmplex scial wrld full f uncertainty. That’s a recipe fr stress. And what is stress? It reflects energy preparatin fr anticipated challenges. Yur brain ften makes sense f metablic cst f uncertainty, if it drags n fr lng enugh, as anxiety, but that’s nt a must. Peple seek uncertainty ut — and its psitive cusin, nvelty — when they try new fds r learn new skills.
Uncertainty is cmmn, but these days, with scial media and rund-the-clck news cverage, it smetimes bmbards us and leaves us anxius and exhausted. But these feelings dn’t emerge frm fight-r-flight circuits. They may just mean, in an ever changing and nly partly predictable wrld, that yu’re ding smething hard.
28．The authr asks the questins in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A．evaluate a statementB．justify an assumptin
C．challenge an argumentD．intrduce a new cncept
29．Which des the underlined wrd “spurius” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Rare.B．Wrng.C．Limited.D．Unexpected.
30．What can we infer frm this passage?
A．Hunting fr nvelty reduces stress and anxiety.
B．Medicine targeting PAG cures anxiety disrders.
C．Uncertainty is a prduct f mdern media and news cycles.
D．The “Fight r Flight” idea verlks the brain’s predictive pwer.
【答案】28．C 29．B 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对“战斗或逃跑”这一大脑反应模式的质疑与新的理解。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“The bvius cnclusin is that the PAG cntrls fight-r-flight respnses in threatening situatins. But what if brains dn’t have dedicated circuits fr fighting and flighting? Is threat detectin really a primary mde f the brain with its wn neural circuitry (神经回路)?(显而易见的结论是，中脑导水管周围灰质（PAG）在威胁情况下控制着战斗或逃跑反应。但是，如果大脑并没有专门用于战斗或逃跑的回路呢？威胁探测真的只是大脑自身神经回路的一种主要模式吗？)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了挑战一个论点，即“战斗或逃跑”反应是否由大脑中的特定回路控制。故选C。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The nly animal n this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Als, there’s n unified limbic ‘system’ r the ‘necrtex’ fr emtins r ratinality (理性) respectively.(这个星球上唯一拥有“蜥蜴脑”的动物就是蜥蜴。此外，也不存在分别负责情感或理性的统一“边缘系统”或“新皮层”)”可知，地球上只有蜥蜴有蜥蜴脑，也没有分别用于情感或理性的统一的边缘 “系统” 或 “新皮质”。说明前面提到的 “三位一体脑” 模型是错误的，所以“spurius”意思是“错误的”。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段“In daily life, individuals might feel like they perceive and react t varius stimuli as either threatening r safe. Actually, the brain, using past experiences, skillfully predicts and frmulates actin plans in anticipatin f events befre stimuli ccur.(在日常生活中，人们可能会觉得他们对各种刺激的认知和反应，要么是将其视为威胁，要么是视为安全。实际上，大脑会利用过往的经验，在刺激发生之前，巧妙地预测并制定行动计划，以应对即将发生的事件)”可知，“战斗或逃跑”这一观念忽视了大脑的预测能力。大脑利用过去的经验，在刺激发生之前就能熟练地预测并制定行动计划。故选D。
1
（2024年北京卷）Grwing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my wn effrts t be enugh. When I decided t pursue a pstgraduate degree, I wanted t develp a nvel research prgramme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically ptimistic abut what I culd achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my cmmittee members warned me abut the challenges I wuld face. But my need fr independence drve me t push frward with my research plan. As a result, the first fur years f my pstgraduate career were defined by a series f failures.
During my secnd year, I failed my cmprehensive exam because my prpsal was unclear. During my third year, I discvered that after treating thusands f seeds, I btained just ne plant I culd use fr experiments. By my furth year, my desperatin t succeed vershadwed my desire fr independence.
My adviser and I devised (想出) a smewhat unusual slutin: I wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating (合作的) lab t btain specialised training. I wrked extensively with ther students, cnstantly asked questins, and helped with nging prjects t learn everything I culd. Finally, I cnducted an elegant experiment that wuld nt have been pssible withut the help f the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a grundbreaking success, emphasising the cllabrating skills I acquired. A few mnths later, when I repeated the experiment in my hme lab, I prduced mre publishable data. By learning when t ask fr help, I eventually fund myself n the way t becming an independent scientist.
40. In the beginning, what drve the authr t push frward with the research plan?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What was the slutin by the adviser and the authr after thse repeated failures?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Frm this stry, what can yu learn abut “independence”? (In abut 40 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. The need t be recgnized as an independent scientist.
41. The authr wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating lab t btain specialised training.
42. The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced. It is because the authr had acquired the cllabrating skills by wrking with thers there s that the adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success.
43. In the stry, success in becming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved thrugh cllabratin, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face f setbacks. Frm the stry, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passinately, true independence ften invlves recgnizing the value f cllabratin and learning than t seek help. (答案言之有理即可)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my cmmittee members warned me abut the challenges I wuld face. But my need fr independence drve me t push frward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need t be recgnized as an independent scientist.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a smewhat unusual slutin: I wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating (合作的) lab t btain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The authr wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating lab t btain specialised training.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a grundbreaking success, emphasising the cllabrating skills I acquired. A few mnths later, when I repeated the experiment in my hme lab, I prduced mre publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced.
It is because the authr had acquired the cllabrating skills by wrking with thers there s that the adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success.
【43题详解】
开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the stry, success in becming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved thrugh cllabratin, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face f setbacks. Frm the stry, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passinately, true independence ften invlves recgnizing the value f cllabratin and learning when t seek help.
【点睛】
2
（2023北京卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
(1)活动形式；
(2)活动内容。
注意：(1)词数100左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim
Hearing that yu are planning a club activity with the theme f “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing t ffer yu my suggestins.
I think yu can carry ut this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding f “Green Beijing” thrugh getting invlved in different activities by themselves. Yu can shwcase garbage classificatin n site, plant trees and publicize sharing ecnmy, which will all fit int the theme f “Green Beijing”.
Hpefully, yu will get sme inspiratin frm my suggestins. Wish yu success.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Jim策划的“绿色北京”社团活动给出一些建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestin→tip
提供：ffer→prvide
开展：carry ut→cnduct
主题：theme→tpic
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
3
（2023年北京卷）Habit frmatin is the prcess by which behaviurs becme autmatic. Peple develp cuntless habits as they explre the wrld, whether they are aware f them r nt. Understanding hw habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. A persn is thught t develp a habit in the curse f pursuing gals by beginning t assciate certain cues(刺激) with behaviural respnses that help meet the gal. Over time, thughts f the behaviur and ultimately the behaviur itself are likely t be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit lp(环)” is a way f describing several related elements that prduce habits. These elements are called the cue, the rutine, and the reward. Fr example, stress culd serve as a cue that ne respnds t by eating, which prduces the reward﹣the reductin f stress. While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult t shake, and healthy habits are ften harder t develp. But thrugh repetitin, it’s pssible t frm new habits. The amunt f time needed t build a habit will depend n multiple factrs, including the individual and the intended behaviur. While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit. Take sme time t think abut what leads t bad habits and re﹣evaluate what yu get ut f them (r dn’t). Cnsider and keep in mind why yu want t make a change, including hw the change reflects yur values.
40. Hw are habits built?
________________________________________________________________
41. In what way is a rutine different frm a habit?
________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.
________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) have yu gt frm ne f yur gd habits?(In abut 40 wrds)
________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.
41. A rutine invlves repeated behaviur while a habit is a deep﹣rted urge.
42. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many mnths.
43. I have a gd habit f ging t bed early and getting up early. Therefre, I can study energetically every mrning, which makes me study efficiently. Als, I am very healthy.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.。
41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A rutine invlves repeated behaviur while a habit is a deep﹣rted urge.。
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.”中“a shrter time”错误，应该为many mnths，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many mnths.。
【43题详解】
开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a gd habit f ging t bed early and getting up early. Therefre, I can study energetically every mrning, which makes me study efficiently. Als, I am very healthy.。
4
（2025年北京卷）阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
There’s smething magical abut the way imaginatin wrks. Arund the wrld, kids are using imaginatin in ways that were nce nly fund in science fictin.
Take the stry f Mark Lee. He lved biking arund his neighburhd but grew upset seeing that many plastic bttles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead f simply cmplaining, he decided t d smething abut it.
Using an ld 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bttles dwn and tried shaping them int small bricks. At first, everything went wrng — the plastic brke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit tgether. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thught he shuld just give up.
But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks t lck tgether like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After mnths f trial and errr, he succeeded. With a little help frm his schl and the lcal cmmunity centre, Mark used his bricks t build a small bike shelter fr his neighburhd.
And he’s nt alne. Thirteen-year-ld Sally Carter lved reading fantasy bks. Inspired by magical maps in her stries, she wndered: what if we culd build a real-wrld app that helps peple explre hidden places in their wn cities? She gathered friends, learned sme basic prgramming, and tgether they created an app that maps small lcal parks and gardens few peple knew abut. Their app quickly grew ppular in twn and even wn a lcal yuth innvatin award.
Next time yu see a yung persn lst in thught, dn’t rush t pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea.
40. What upset Mark when he was biking arund his neighburhd?
_____________________________________________________________
41. Hw des the app created by Sally and her friends help?
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> With encuragement frm his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter fr his neighburhd after mnths f trial and errr.
_____________________________________________________________
43. Hw can yu put yur imaginatin int practice as Mark and Sally did? (In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Seeing that many plastic bttles littered the parks and sidewalks.
41. It helps peple explre hidden places like small lcal parks and gardens in their wn cities.
42.
Accrding t the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thught he shuld just give up；s this part With encuragement frm his friends and parents is false.
43. First, identify a prblem r an idea. Then, experiment bravely, learn relevant skills if needed, and keep trying despite difficulties.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 Mark Lee 和 Sally Carter 两位青少年发挥想象力并付诸实践的故事，鼓励年轻人积极发挥想象力。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“He lved biking arund his neighburhd but grew upset seeing that many plastic bttles littered the parks and sidewalks. (他喜欢在社区里骑自行车，但看到公园和人行道上到处都是塑料瓶，他很沮丧。)” 可知，让 Mark 沮丧的是看到公园和人行道上有很多塑料瓶。故填 Seeing that many plastic bttles littered the parks and sidewalks.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“what if we culd build a real - wrld app that helps peple explre hidden places in their wn cities? She gathered friends, learned sme basic prgramming, and tgether they created an app that maps small lcal parks and gardens few peple knew abut. (如果我们能开发一个现实世界的应用程序，帮助人们探索他们自己城市里隐藏的地方会怎么样呢？她召集了朋友们，学习了一些基本的编程知识，然后他们一起开发了一个应用程序，该程序可以绘制出很少有人知道的当地小公园和花园的地图。)” 可知，Sally 和她朋友创建的应用程序帮助人们探索自己城市里像小公园和花园这样隐藏的地方。故填It helps peple explre hidden places like small lcal parks and gardens in their wn cities.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thught he shuld just give up. (朋友们有点嘲笑，甚至 Mark 的父母都认为他应该放弃。)” 可知，Mark 并没有得到朋友和父母的鼓励，所以“With encuragement frm his friends and parents” 这部分是错误的。故填Accrding t the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thught he shuld just give up.”；s this part With encuragement frm his friends and parents is false.”
【43题详解】
考查开放性试题。结合Mark和Sally故事，他们都是先发现问题或有想法，然后勇敢尝试，必要时学习相关技能，面对困难坚持不懈。故填First, identify a prblem r an idea. Then, experiment bravely, learn relevant skills if needed, and keep trying despite difficulties.