上海市行知中学2025_2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（扫描版，含答案）

这是一份上海市行知中学2025_2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（扫描版，含答案），共13页。
第Ⅰ卷 （共 65 分）
I. Grammar and vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
In recent mnths, everywhere I g, there's been ne accessry n everyne's lips and bags. (1) ______, I wanted t grab ne myself, the truth is, they are harder t buy than yu think. (2) ______ viral prducts f the past (remember the Stanley craze?), they sell ut in secnds just t pp up n resale sites fr five times the riginal price tag.
Nw let's get int the histry f these ppular Labubu dlls. They (3) ______ (riginate) in Hng Kng in 2015, a time when designer tys were beginning t capture glbal attentin. (4) ______ (refer) t as elves (小精灵) sets them apart frm their ppular predecessrs (Hell Kitty and ther plush characters). They came t fruitin in a Nrdic - inspired picture bk that artist Kasing Lung created. After the initial release f the bk, the ppular ty cmpany Pp Mart created the first cllectible cllectin fr sale in 2019, and since then, sales have sared as new cllectins (5) ______ (release).
The Labubu creatures are a part f a tribe (6) ______ (perceive) as "The Mnsters," and ther members f the grup include Zimm, Mkk and mre. Frm cllectin t cllectin, each can be seen wearing varius utfits, different facial features and fun accessries, due t (7) ______ each drp seems unique. But dn't let the naughty smile make yu think Labubus are evil. Lung says they are well - natured little creatures wh have nthing but gd intentins and (8) ______ they smetimes inevitably end up in a difficulty.
Nw, what makes Labubus s ppular, besides the bvius cute charm, is that they are cllectibles and hard t get, s it adds t the excitement f the hunt. They als cme in blind bxes s the hunt becmes (9) ______ (hard) if yu have a particular clr r Mnster in mind. Because f mystery f the blind bxes, the reveal can be a surprise which is why many fans recrd their first impressin f their creature (10) ______ (capture) the mment. This excitement transcends age grups and cmmunities, with everyne frm pp stars t middle schl students wearing the bag charms.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need
A. interpreted
B. supervisin
C. cnflict
D. stranded
E. pursuit
F. critically
G. established H. peacefully I. bedience J. prtrays K. harmny
Lrd f the Flies
Lrd f the Flies is a 1954 nvel by Nbel Prize - winning British authr William Glding. The bk fcuses n a grup f British bys (11) ______ n an uninhabited island and their disastrus attempt t gvern themselves.
The nvel has been (12) ______ well received. It was named in the Mdern Library 100 Best Nvels, reaching number 41 n the editr's list, and 25 n the reader's list. Time magazine named it as ne f the 100 best English - language nvels since 1923.
The bk takes place in the middle f an unspecified nuclear war. A plane carrying a grup f British schlbys is sht dwn ver the Pacific. The pilt f the plane is killed, but many f the bys survive the crash and find themselves deserted n an island, where they are alne withut adult (13) ______. Sme f them arrive as a musical chir under a(n) (14) ______ leader, while thers are rdinary students. The bk (15) ______ their gradually becming extremely cruel and vilent. Left t themselves n a heavenly island, far frm mdern civilizatin, the well - educated children return t a primitive state.
Glding wrte his bk as a cunterpint t R.M. Ballantyne's yuth nvel The Cral Island (1858), and included specific references t it, such as the rescuing naval fficer's descriptin f the children's (16) ______ f Ralph, ne f the kid leaders n island, as "a jlly (pleasant) gd shw, like the Cral Island". Glding's three central characters—Ralph, Piggy and Jack—have been (17) ______ as exaggerated versins f Ballantyne's Cral Island leading characters.
At an allegrical level, the central theme is the (18) ______ f human desire fr civilizatin and scial rganizatin—living by rules, (19) ______ —and fr the will t pwer. Several themes are revealed in the bk, including the tensin between grupthink and individuality, between ratinal and emtinal reactins, between (20) ______ and aggressin, and between mrality and immrality. Hw these play ut, and hw different peple feel the influences f these frm a majr subtext f Lrd f the Flies.
II. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Smartphne wnership and screen time are increasing acrss the wrld. In recent years, the widespread (21) ______ f mbile phnes has extended t even the yungest members f sciety. Research cnducted by Ofcm (英国通信管理局) has fund that a surprising number f three - and fur - year - lds have their wn mbile phnes, with a fifth f them wning ne. These yung children are already using these devices t (22) ______ varius nline activities.
The influence f YuTube amng this age grup is undeniable, with 51% f them using the platfrm's (23) ______ children's channel, and 38% f them pssessing their wn (24) ______ YuTube prfile. One f the mst ppular YuTube channels fr these yung children is Ryan's Wrld, a highly successful unbxing and educatinal channel hsted by 11 - year - ld Ryan Kaji, basting an impressive 34 millin (25) ______.
The implicatins f such early (26) ______ t technlgy are a subject f great interest t educatrs and child psychlgists. Nva Cbban, a frmer primary schl teacher
wh wrked with five- and six-year-lds, nticed a clear (27) __________ amng her yung students based n their access t smartphnes. Children wh had access t YuTube and gaming platfrms seemed mre (28) __________ and tired cmpared t their peers wh did nt engage with such technlgy.
Dr. Pauly Ottermans, a senir lecturer in psychlgy at Brunel University Lndn, believes that in the digital age, it is essential t teach children hw t use digital tls (29) __________. As mbile phnes becme increasingly prevalent in sciety, it may be (30) __________ t expect children just a few years lder than tddlers t have little t n cntact with such devices. Prper guidance n their apprpriate use becmes crucial.
The debate n the apprpriate (31) __________ fr children t have mbile phnes and access t screens is nging. In 2019, the Wrld Health Organizatin recmmended that children under the age f tw shuld avid screens entirely, and children under five shuld be limited t just ne hur f sedentary screen time daily. Research has linked (32) __________ screen time in yung children t delayed develpment.
Despite these guidelines, there is n shared agreement amng experts n hw t respnd t the grwing prevalence f mbile phnes amng yung children. The Ryal Cllege f Paediatrics and Child Health (33) __________ the WHO’s advice, arguing that it verlks families in situatins where utdr play is nt (34) __________ accessible due t husing cnstraints. (35) __________, the UK gvernment’s chief medical fficers maintained it was nt advisable t issue specific time fr yung children.
21.A. rejectinB. adptinC. submissinD. accumulatin
22.A. result inB. invest inC. specialize inD. engage in
23.A. dedicatedB. changeableC. randmD. flexible
24.A. simplifiedB. centralizedC. persnalizedD. civilized
25.A. subscribersB. spectatrsC. bystandersD. listeners
26.A. limitatinB. expsureC. respnseD. threat
27.A. divisinB. harmnyC. argumentD. frictin
28.A. expandedB. bndedC. discnnectedD. attached
29.A. sensitivelyB. activelyC. cllectivelyD. respnsibly
30.A. sensibleB. dramaticC. unrealisticD. feasible
31.A. ageB. guidanceC. platfrmD. respnse
32.A. limitedB. excessiveC. cnventinalD. accessible
33.A. cnfirmedB. apprvedC. challengedD. bjected
34.A. readilyB. reluctantlyC. hesitantlyD. hardly
35.A. On the cntraryB. As a resultC. In turnD. In additin
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Knwing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart truble, great care was taken t
break t her as gently as pssible the news f her husband's death.
It was her sister Jsephine wh tld her, in brken sentences. Her husband's friend Richards was there, t, near her. It was he wh had been in the newspaper ffice when intelligence f the railrad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard's name leading the list f "killed." He had nly taken the time t assure himself f its truth by a secnd telegram, and had hastened t frestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message.
She did nt hear the stry as many wmen have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability t accept its significance. She wept at nce, with sudden, wild abandnment, in her sister's arms. When the strm f grief had spent itself she went away t her rm alne. She wuld have n ne fllw her.
There std, facing the pen windw, a cmfrtable, rmy armchair. Int this she sank, pressed dwn by a physical exhaustin that haunted her bdy and seemed t reach int her sul.
There was smething cming t her and she was waiting fr it, fearfully. What was it? She did nt knw; it was t subtle and elusive t name. But she felt it, creeping ut, reaching tward her thrugh the sunds, the scents, the clr that filled the air.
Nw she was beginning t recgnize this thing that was appraching t pssess her, and she was striving t beat it back with her will — as pwerless as her tw white slender hands wuld have been. When she abandned herself a little whispered wrd escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it ver and ver under the breath: "free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the lk f terrr that had fllwed it went frm her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the cursing bld warmed and relaxed every inch f her bdy.
There wuld be n ne t live fr during the cming years; she wuld live fr herself. There wuld be n pwerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and wmen believe they have a right t impse a private will upn a fellw - creature.
"Free! Bdy and sul free!" she kept whispering.
She arse at length and pened the dr. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a gddess f Victry. She clasped her sister's waist, and tgether they descended the stairs. Richards std waiting fr them at the bttm.
Smene was pening the frnt dr with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard wh entered, a little travel - stained, cmpsedly carrying his grip - sack and umbrella. He had been far frm the scene f the accident, and did nt even knw there had been ne. He std amazed at Jsephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick mtin t screen him frm the view f his wife.
When the dctrs came they said she had died f heart disease — f the jy that kills.
36. Why des the authr include the detail abut Mrs. Mallard's heart cnditin in the first paragraph?
A. T freshadw the ending and make it believable.
B. T explain why she needed Mr. Mallard t care fr her.
C. T alert the readers t the ptential harm f heart attacks.
D. T reinfrce the ntin that wmen are weak.
37. The underlined wrd "frestall" in the secnd paragraph is clsest in meaning t
A. predictB. begC. preventD. prpse
38. At the end f the stry, we learn that Mr. Mallard ________
A. was cheating n Mrs. Mallard with Jsephine
B. made up the entire stry t play a jke n his wife
C. jumped ff the train befre it crashed
D. was never even n the train in the first place
39. What might have led t the death f Mrs. Mallard?
A. The excitement at the thught that she wuld sn enjy freedm
B. The shck upn the sight f her husband walking in while she thught he was dead
C. The late arrival f the dctrs wh failed t save her in time
D. The sadness that struck her when she was infrmed f her husband’s death
(B)
Yu might have seen spies in mvies, dressed in cl utfits and using high - tech gadgets, but did yu knw that spying has been arund fr thusands f years? Check ut this timeline t learn abut spies frm different perids in histry.
secnd clsest river."
6. 1861 - 1865
Harriet Tubman is famus fr helping enslaved peple in the United States escape Nrth, where slavery was illegal. But she was als a spy during the Civil War. She made maps f the land s nrthern trps culd safely travel thrugh Suthern states.
7. 1960s
During the Cld War between the United States and the Sviet Unin (nw Russia), spy activities n bth sides increased. T help, intelligence agencies develped sneaky gadgets fr spies t eavesdrp and cllect infrmatin. One ppular device was the buttnhle camera, which culd be cntrlled - frm inside a cat pcket. It allwed spies t secretly take a pht by pening a fake buttn n the cat.
8. 1916
During Wrld War I, there was a Dutch dancer called Mata Hari. She accepted an assignment t spy fr France in 1916 but actually wrked fr their enemy, Germany. She was fund guilty f telling the Germans secrets abut a new weapn that the French were using — the tank — and was put t death in 1917.
9. 2025
Tday, spies dn't even need t leave their hmes t cllect secret infrmatin. They use cmputer prgrams called spyware frm anywhere in the wrld t track activity and access tp - secret infrmatin n faraway devices such as cmputers, tablets and smartphnes. Many cmpanies cnsider cyber espinage t be their number - ne threat.
40. Aztec spies were nicknamed "mice" due t their ____.
A. small and quick mvementsB. nighttime activities fr spying
C. expertise in hiding in dark placesD. use f undergrund spaces fr secret peratins
41. Which f the fllwing spies used secret cdes t send messages t fellw spies?
A. Mata HariB. Harriet TubmanC. Sir Francis WalsinghamD. Anna Strng
42. What can we knw abut spies thrughut histry?
A. Spying has been arund fr a thusand years.
B. Mdern spies depend heavily n cl tls and utfits fr the peratins.
C. Different cultures had their wn spies with unique methds.
D. The ways f spying have remained unchanged thrughut histry.
(C)
A theme at this year's Wrld Ecnmic Frum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need t "speed up breakthrughs in research and technlgy." Sme f this framing was mtivated by the climate emergency, sme by the pprtunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in varius cnversatins, it seemed t be taken fr granted that t address the wrld's prblems, scientific research needs t mve faster. The WEF mindset is similar t the Silicn Valley dictate — t mve fast and break things. But what if the thing being brken is science? Or public trust?
In recent years we've seen imprtant papers, written by utstanding scientists and published in celebrated jurnals, retracted because f questinable data r methds, hence a questin: Are schlars at supercmpetitive places such as Harvard and Stanfrd rushing t publish rather than taking the time t d their wrk right?
It's impssible t answer this questin scientifically because there's n scientific definitin f what cnstitutes "rushing." But there's little dubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under tremendus pressure t prduce results—and a lt f them—quickly.
The prblem is nt unique t the U.S. In Eurpe, frmal research assessments—which are used t allcate (分配) future funding—have fr years judged academic departments largely n the quantity f their utput. A recent refrm urging an emphasis n quality ver quantity allwed that the existing system had created "cunterincentives."
Gd science takes time. Mre than 50 years passed between the 1543 publicatin f Cpernicus's On the Revlutins f the Heavenly Spheres. And it tk just abut half a century fr gelgists and gephysicists t accept gephysicist Alfred Wegener's idea f cntinental drift.
There's plenty f evidence that scientists and ther schlars are pushing results ut far faster than they used t. Cnsider the sheer vlume f academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at mre than seven millin a year, cmpared with fewer than a millin as recently as 1980. Sme f this grwth is driven by mre scientists and mre c - authrship f papers, but the numbers als suggest that the research wrld has priritized quantity ver quality. Researchers may need t slw dwn if we are t prduce knwledge wrthy f trust.
43. WEF meeting in Switzerland advcated that ______.
A. WEF and Silicn Valley reach an agreement t mve fast
B. public trust in science is nt suppsed t be easily brken
C. researchers need t achieve breakthrughs mre rapidly
D. climate emergency and AI push scientific research hard
44. Which f the fllwing examples fails t prve that gd science takes time?
A. High - prfile schlars' tremendus utput.
B. Publicatin f Cpernicus's thery.
C. Retractin f imprtant papers.
D. Acceptance f the idea f cntinental drift.
45. The underlined wrd "cunterincentives" in para. 5 prbably means ______.
A. measures t increase quantities f utputB. cntradictry mtives fr future funding
C. rewards fr leading universities' researchD. discuragements f high quality papers
46. Which f the fllwing is best title f the passage?
A. WEF Cincides with Silicn ValleyB. Truble in the Fast Lane
C. Chice between Quantity and QualityD. Cllapse f Public Trust
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences given belw. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
A. In any type f mindfulness exercise, the gal is t perfrm rutine activities with a heightened sense f attentin.
B. Althugh mindfulness has its advantages, psychlgical research has als revealed that in sme circumstances it's imprtant t be mindless.
C. They think t much abut the mechanics f the task at hand.
D. Autmaticity can be disrupted by explicit attentin t the devtin f cnscius attentin t the pattern alters the cntent r timing f that pattern itself.
E. Of curse, we shuld nt resign t g thrugh life n autpilt, missing pprtunities t make deeper cnnectins with urselves, ne anther and ur envirnment.
F. These prcesses run ff withut cnscius awareness—a chain reactin f mental events.
“Be present.” This is the slgan f mindfulness meditatin and a suppsed key t self - awareness and acceptance.
Mindfulness may have psychlgical benefits. Earlier this year, a synthesis f randmized cntrlled trials revealed that mindfulness - based interventins had small t mderate benefits fr a number f health utcmes, including stress, anxiety and depressin.
47. ________. That is, as we develp skills in cmplex tasks, we can perfrm them with increasing facility until attentin seems t be unnecessary. Everyday examples range frm riding a bike t chpping cucumbers - t brushing yur teeth.
Frming this state f “autmaticity” are mental prcesses that can be executed withut paying attentin t them. 48. ________. We dn't perfrm all tasks autmatically, but many can be perfrmed this way nce they are well practised.
T be clear, paying attentin is imprtant when learning a new skill. But research has als revealed that paying t much attentin t what yu're ding can have damaging effects, particularly when yu perfrm well - practised skills. In fact, this is ne reasn why sme experts appear t “chke under pressure”: 49. ________.
In a classic study, cgnitive scientist Sian Beilck and her clleagues had skilled glfers attempt t sink putts (推球入洞) under different experimental cnditins. In ne scheme, the glfers were simply instructed t pay attentin t the swing f their club and say “stp” when they finished their swing. In anther cnditin, they were directed t listen fr a target sund while ignring ther nises and say the wrd “tne” when they heard the target sund. Surprisingly, the skilled glfers perfrmed cnsiderably wrse when they fcused n their swing than when they paid attentin t irrelevant sunds.
Nevertheless, the imprtant message frm this research is that fcusing t carefully n the executin f well - practiced mtr sequences can cause mistakes. 50. ________. But there are situatins where we shuld let autmaticity take ver. The next time yu ride a bike r jin in a sprt, dn't verthink it.
第 II 卷 （共 50 分）
III. Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Public Opinin Cunts
Mdbury is a typical small twn in the suth f England with a ppulatin f abut 1,600. Typical, that is, apart frm the fact that there are n plastic carrier bags in the twn. Nne. Plastic bags have been well and truly dumped!
The remval f the plastic bags was the brainchild f Rebecca Hsking, a Mdbury resident and dcumentary - maker. Filming a dcumentary in the Pacific Ocean, Rebecca was hrrified at the effects f plastic bags n the wildlife ff Hawaii. Amng ther things, she saw seabirds fatally trapped in plastic bags that dn't bidegrade. When Rebecca returned t her hmetwn, she discussed this prblem with peple, including the shpkeepers, and everyne supprted her suggestin t make the twn plastic bag free.
But fr Rebecca's cncept, Mdbury wuld still be an unremarkable little place. Nw, hwever, shppers take re - useable cttn bags shpping with them, r they buy bidegradable crnstarch nes in the shps. The shpkeepers nw wrap their gds in paper. T prve that the twnsflk are nt nly cmmitted t reducing plastic waste, they rganized a mass beach clean - up last year. Dzens f vlunteers came t the beach n the appinted day t clean it up, taking the rubbish that visitrs thrw away and recycling it. And the greatest part f that rubbish was... n, nt plastic bags, but plastic bttles.
Becming the first twn in Eurpe t ban plastic bags, Mdbury is nw harvesting the reward f fame --- reprters and camera crews frm newspapers and TV channels acrss the wrld are cming t this mild twn t find ut its secret. And, cntrary t sme f the initial reprts, it is a nrmal twn, trying t live life in a slightly different way. As ne resident put it: "We're rdinary peple, but we want t make just a little difference."
IV. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 老年人晚上不要喝浓茶，以免睡不着。(in case)
53. 这位退休教师的快乐秘诀在于她把自我关爱放在首位。（cnsist）
54. 经过两年的修复，这家影院配备了一流的设施，如今焕然一新。(equip)
55. 有证据表明，屏幕时间过长会损害专注力，但也有人认为这些问题往往源于不良习惯，可以通过调整行为来纠正。（und）
V. Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120 - 150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
56. 假设你是明启中学的学生李宁，你正在一所英国高中游学，该校拟举办一个中英文化交流活动，名叫Cultural Wrkshp，介绍并现场演示中国美食、手工艺品或书法。你对这个活动很感兴趣，请你向组织者写一封申请信，信的内容包括：
（1）你想演示的项目及演示流程；
（2）你申请的理由。
试卷答案
第Ⅰ卷（共65分）
I. Grammar and vcabulary
Sectin A
1. While/Thugh/Althugh (1分)
2. Like （1分）
3. riginated (1分)
4. Referred （1分）
5. are released (1分)
6. perceived （1分）
7. which （1分）
8. that （1分）
9. harder （1分）
10. t capture (1分)
Sectin B
11. D （1分）
12. F （1分）
13. B （1分）
14. E （1分）
15. J （1分）
16. I （1分）
17. A （1分）
18. K （1分）
19. H （1分）
20. C （1分）
II. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
21. B （1分）
22. D （1分）
23. A （1分）
24. C （1分）
25. A （1分）
26. B （1分）
27. A （1分）
28. C （1分）
29. D （1分）
30. C （1分）
31. A （1分）
32. B （1分）
33. C （1分）
34. A （1分）
35. D （1分）
Sectin B
(A)
36. A （2分）
37. C （2分）
38. D （2分）
39. B （2分）
(B)
40. B （2分）
41. D （2分）
42. C （2分）
(C)
43. C （2分）
44. A （2分）
45. D （2分）
46. B （2分）
Sectin C
47. B （2分）
48. F （2分）
49. C （2分）
50. E （2分）
第Ⅱ卷（共50分）
III. Summary Writing
Mdbury, a small twn in England, became the first in Eurpe t ban plastic bags. Rebecca Hsking, inspired by the effects f plastic bags n wildlife, prpsed the idea. Nw, twnsflk use reusable bags and rganize beach clean ups. They are rdinary peple making a difference.
（60 wrds）（10分）
IV. Translatin
52. The elderly shuld nt drink strng tea at night in case they can't fall asleep. (4分)
53. The retired teacher’s secret t happiness cnsists in putting self lve first. (4分)
54. After tw years f restratin, this cinema is equipped with first class facilities and nw lks brand new. (4分)
55. There is evidence that excessive screen time harms cncentratin, but sme peple think these prblems ften stem frm bad habits and can be undne by adjusting behavir. (4分)
V. Guided Writing
Sample:
Dear Organizer,
I'm Li Ning frm Mingqi Middle Schl. I'm interested in demnstrating Chinese calligraphy. First, I'll intrduce the histry and tls f calligraphy. Then, I'll shw basic strkes and write a simple character. Finally, I'll invite students t try. I apply because calligraphy is a unique art. It can help students understand Chinese culture. Als, I've learned calligraphy fr years and want t share.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Ning （120 - 150 wrds）（20分）1. ca. (大约) 3100 B.C. - 332 B.C.
Ancient Egyptian spies were sme f the first t use pisn t get the jb dne. T silence their enemies, they used killer methds which included pisns frm plants and snakes.
2. ca. 1185 - 1600
The Japanese used spies called ninjas. These ninjas were experts in gathering secret infrmatin frm enemies and cmpetitrs. They were trained since childhd in sneaking arund and assassinating, but female ninjas wuld sneak int enemy lcatins by dressing up as dancers r servants.
3. ca. 1325 - 1521
Aztec spies, called quimichtin, lived in what’s nw central Mexic. They were nicknamed “mice” because they wrked at night t hide while spying. Their jb was really dangerus, because if they gt caught, they culd be enslaved r even killed. That’s why they were paid mre than mst Aztec wrkers.
4. 1573 t 1590
Sir Francis Walsingham helped prtect Queen Elizabeth I f England by creating a netwrk f spies. They were skilled at reading cded letters and secretly pening and resealing envelpes cntaining infrmatin.
5. 1775 - 1783
Befre he became president f what wuld sn becme the United States, Gerge Washingtn had a grup f spies called the Culper Spy Ring during the Revlutinary War. One f its members, Anna Strng, sent cded messages thrugh her laundry. She hung clthes accrding t clr and number t tell sldiers where secret messages were hidden. Fr example, a black dress and tw handkerchiefs might have meant “check the