专题01 词类核心考点之名词(课件)-2026年高考英语二轮复习语法攻略与讲练（全国通用）

这是一份专题01 词类核心考点之名词(课件)-2026年高考英语二轮复习语法攻略与讲练（全国通用）
词类核心考点名词 高中英语语法全攻略CONTENTS 语法详解01阅读理解长难句02语法填空考查03写作应用04词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用作主语作宾语作表语作同位语作补足语作定语作状语Honesty is the best policy.They decided to visit the historic castle  during their summer vacation.She is a dedicated teacher who inspires her students daily.We visited Paris, the capital of France. She considers reading her greatest joy  during leisure time.We work day and night to finish the project.可数名词变复数规则变化语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用可数名词变复数规则变化语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用规则：以f结尾的名词，直接加-s。记忆口诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领厨师两相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕头巾上。规则：以-f,-fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为 -ves。记忆口诀：小偷妻子切面包，半片树叶当作刀，狼保己命架后藏。规则：辅音字母+-o结尾的名词，直接加-es。记忆口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿。gulf-gulfs, roof-roofs, chief-chiefs, chef-chefs, belief-beliefs, proof-proofs, scalf-scalfs/scalves, handkerchief-handkerchiefs handkerchievesthief-thieves, wife-wives, leaf-leaves, knife-kinves, wolf-wolves, life-lives, shelf-shelvesnegro-negroes, heor-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes可数名词变复数不规则变化语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用名词单数变复数盲点语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用1.常见以-ings形式结尾的名词。belongings所属物savings节省下来的东西findings研究发现 greetings问候语earnings挣来的钱 surroundings周围的环境sufferings受难2.合成名词的复数形式。合成名词有主体名词，在该名词后加-s，如passer-by---passers-by过路人, editor-in-chief--editors-in-chief总编辑，looker-on---lookers-on旁观者，runner-up---runners-up亚军。合成名词无主体名词，则在词尾加-s，如grown-up---grown-ups成人, go-between---go-betweens中间人。3.man/woman复数形式将a变为e，但下列名词直接在词尾加-s：German—Germans德国人, Roman---Romans罗马人，human---humans人类。【跟踪训练】语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用1. Two_________ (month) ago, three _________ (hero) caught four _________ (thief). They made them plant some _________ (potato) and _________ (tomato) in two _________ (zoo). They also made their ________  (wife) return the four big _________ (box) with some precious _________ (photo) and _________ (brush) in them.2. On __________(teacher) Day, two __________________(editor-in-chief), three _______________(man teacher) and five ________________ (woman doctor), together with their _________ (child), went to the farm in the countryside. There they were lucky to see two _________(sheep), three ____ (deer), four _________ (ox), five _________ (goose) and six white _________ (mouse) with three _________ (foot) and six _________ (tooth). monthsheroesthievespotatoestomatoeszooswivesboxesphotosbrushesTeachers’editors-in-chiefmen teacherswomen doctorschildrensheepdeeroxengeesemicefeetteeth常考不可数名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用advice建议：a piece of advice一条建议information信息：some information一些信息knowledge知识：knowledge of history历史知识happiness幸福：the happiness of children孩子们的幸福courage勇气：show courage in danger在危险中展现勇气success成功：achieve great success取得巨大成功failure失败：experience failure经历失败progress进步：make progress in study在学习上进步1.抽象类名词（表示状态、情感、品质等）常考不可数名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用water水：a glass of water一杯水milk牛奶：a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶meat肉：some meat一些肉butter黄油：a spoon of butter一勺黄油wood木头：a piece of wood一块木头2.物质类名词表示无法分割的物质或材料常考不可数名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用weather天气：good weather好天气snow雪：heavy snow大雪rain雨：light rain小雨wind风：strong wind大风fog雾：thick fog浓雾3.自然现象名词常考不可数名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用clothing（服装）：a piece of clothing（一件衣服）furniture（家具）：a set of furniture（一套家具）equipment（设备）：advanced equipment（先进设备）luggage/baggage（行李）：heavy luggage（沉重的行李）jewelry/jewellery（珠宝）：expensive jewelry（昂贵的珠宝）4.总称类名词不可数名词没有复数形式；前边也不能有不定冠词a或an。抽象名词具体化用法语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用1.具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：段际的逻辑连贯2.物质名词具体化物质名词通常为不可数名词，但在特定语境中表示“具体的一份、一件或一种”，此时变为可数名词，可被冠词（a/an）修饰，有单复数形式。She ordered a tea and a cake. 她点了一杯茶和一块蛋糕。The waiter brought three juices to the table. 服务员给桌上送来了三杯果汁。名词所有格的用法语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用1：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。2：表两者各自所有时分别在每个名词词尾加’s；表两者共有时在最后名词词尾加’s。3：表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：无生命名词常用of所有格表所有关系；名词短语或定语修饰的有生命名词用of所有格。The pages of the book are yellow. （book 是无生命名词）The opinion of the girl with glasses is worth considering. （the girl with glasses是有生命名词）双重所有格指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。This is a friend of my father's. 这是我父亲的一位朋友。动词转化为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用achieve→achievement 成就advertise→advertisement 广告agree→agreement 同意amuse→amusement 娱乐commit→commitment 承诺，奉献develop→development 发展disagree→disagreement 不赞同equip 装备→ equipment 装备，器材govern 统治→government 政府manage→management 经营，管理1. v+ ment 结尾argue —— argument 争吵动词转化为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用attract→attraction 吸引discuss→discussion 讨论express→expression 词语；表达instruct→instruction 用法说明invent→invention 发明predict→prediction 预言impress→impression 印象suggest→suggestion 建议，暗示educate→education 教育graduate→graduation 毕业operate→operation 操作，动手术illustrate→illustration 阐明，举例说明pollute→pollution 污染introduce→introduction 介绍admit→admission入场imagine→imagination 想象力inspir→inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的事invite→invitation 邀请compete→competition 竞争，比赛admit→ admission 承认permit→permission 允许conclude→conclusion 结论decide→decision 决定solve→solution 解决方法2. v+ ion 结尾pronounce→pronunciation发音describe→description描写动词转化为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用allow→allowance 允许appear→appearance 外貌 ，出现accept→acceptance接受resis→resistance阻力disturb→disturbance 打扰guide→guidance 指导3. v+ance 结尾exist→existence 存在depend→dependence依赖prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference 参考4. v+ ence 结尾动词转化为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用visit→visitor访问者produce→producer生产者；制造者announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥；售票员edit→editor编辑educate→educator教育者instruct→instructor 讲师survive→survivor 幸存者5. v+-er/-or结尾fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合物expose→exposure 暴露6. v+ure结尾动词转化为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用arrive→arrival到达；抵达survive→survival幸存；生存approve→approval批准；同意refuse→refusal拒绝；回绝propose→proposal提议；求婚withdraw→withdrawal撤回；提款7. v+al结尾grow→growth生长；发展die→death死亡8. v+th结尾动词转化为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用9. v+ing结尾begin→beginning开始；开端end→ending结束；结局mean→meaning 意义say→saying 谚语remind→reminding提醒warn→warning警告动词转化为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用beg→beggar 乞丐believe→belief 信仰relieve→relief欣慰behave→behavior 行为know→knowledge知识fly→flight 飞行succeed→success 成功pursue→pursuit 追求，从事anyalyze→analysis recovery→recovery发现marry→marriage结婚store→storage 存储10. v+其他结尾形容词转为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私1. adj+cybore→boredom无聊free→freedom自由 2. adj+domwise→wisdom明智；智慧形容词转为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用abundant→abundance丰富；充裕distant→distance距离；远方important→importance重要性reluctant→reluctance不情愿；勉强tolerant→tolerance宽容；容忍 significant→signiciance重要性3. adj+cedeep→depth深度long→length长度 wide→width宽度strong→strength力量 warm→warmth温暖young→youth青春；青年 true→truth真理4. adj+th形容词转为名词的场合语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用kind→kindness善良happy→happiness快乐friendly→friendliness友善dark→darkness黑暗weak→weakness虚弱bitter→bitterness苦味；痛苦aware→awareness意识lonely→loneliness孤独5. adj+nesscruel→cruelty残忍loyal→loyalty忠诚secure→security安全varied→variety种类responsible→responsibility责任honest→honesty诚实6. adj+ty后缀词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯2025八省联考卷As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through innovation, and its inclusiveness.翻译句子随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯2024新课标I卷The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.翻译句子Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯2024新课标II卷Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 翻译句子Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯2023全国乙卷But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.翻译句子但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯考查动词转化为名词2025全国一卷“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your      59      (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 考查名词句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。guidance词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯考查形容词转化为名词2025全国二卷The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoonswith lots of fresh air. 考查名词句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。absence词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯考查名词单数变复数2025全国二卷The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky 64 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 考查名词的数句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。afternoons词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯考查名词所有格用法2025浙江 1月卷“I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.考查名词句意：我真的希望能让这个（服装租赁模式）顺应如今人们的生活（方式）。根据句意可知，lives与people之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格。people’s 词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用基础名词→高级替换（写作先提分）普通名词换抽象/高级同义名词，瞬间提档次• 重要：importance → significance / paramount importance• 困难：difficulty → adversity / a formidable obstacle• 人：people → individuals / folks / the public• 方法：way → approach / strategy / avenue词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用）1. 同位语从句（表观点/事实，显严谨）结构：核心名词 + that 从句（解释名词）高频核心名词：fact/truth/evidence/idea/opinion/conclusion/assumption• The fact that perseverance leads to remarkable achievements has been proved by countless examples.• We hold the opinion that environmental protection should be integrated into daily life.词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用）2. 定语后置+名词短语（压缩短句，造长难句）结构：名词 + 介词短语/分词短语/不定式 作后置定语✅ 普通句：The students will take part in the competition. They are from different schools.✅ 高级长难句：The students from various schools and equipped with professional skills will take part in the competition.（来自不同学校且具备专业技能的学生将参赛）词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用）3. 名词性从句作主语（开头亮眼，避免主谓宾简单句）结构：What/Who/Whatever + 从句 + 谓语例句（写作开头/论点句）：• What matters most in academic performance is not intelligence but consistent efforts.• Whoever makes full preparations for challenges is more likely to seize opportunities.词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用）4. 名词化结构（动词/形容词变名词，句式更正式）技巧：动词→名词（如develop→development）、形容词→名词（如important→importance），适配正式写作✅ 普通句：We should develop our ability to solve problems independently.✅ 高级句：The development of independent problem-solving ability is of great significance to us.（独立解决问题能力的培养，对我们意义重大）词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用名词核心高级句式（写作高频，直接套用）5. 介词+名词从句（简洁衔接，替代简单句）高频介词：in terms of / regarding / despite / because of + 名词性从句例句：• Despite the fact that the task is full of challenges, we are determined to accomplish it on time.• In terms of what we can do to protect nature, small daily actions matter a lot.词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用写作避坑：名词类长难句3个关键1. 同位语从句vs定语从句：同位语从句解释名词内容（that不做成分），定语从句修饰名词（that做成分）2. 名词后置定语不要堆砌：1个名词配1-2个后置定语即可，避免冗余3. 名词化结构别滥用：简单句能说清时不用，长句中穿插更自然词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用同位语从句+被动语态The fact that we must balance academic study and extracurricular activities has been widely recognized.我们必须平衡学业与课外活动这一事实，已被广泛认可。语法剖析同位语从句（that从句解释fact内容，that不作成分）+ 被动语态词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用主语从句+名词化结构What plays a decisive role in personal growth is the accumulation of experience rather than temporary success.在个人成长中起决定性作用的是经验的积累，而非一时的成功。语法剖析主语从句（What引导作主语）+ 名词化结构（accumulation）词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用名词化核心+介词短语后置定语The significance of building a sense of responsibility among teenagers can never be overemphasized.培养青少年责任感的重要性，再怎么强调都不为过。语法剖析名词化核心（significance替代important）+ 介词短语后置定语（of...）词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用介词+同位语从句+固定搭配Despite the fact that the journey ahead is tough, we are confident in achieving our preset goals.尽管前路艰辛，我们仍有信心达成既定目标。语法剖析介词+同位语从句（despite+the fact+that从句）+ 固定搭配（confident in doing）词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用名词化结构+介词短语后置定语The development of digital technology has brought about great changes to people’s daily life and work.数字技术的发展给人们的日常生活与工作带来了巨大变革。语法剖析名词化结构（development替代develop）+ 介词短语后置定语（of...）词类核心考点之名词语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用固定句型+同位语从句+名词短语There is no doubt that the public should raise awareness of environmental protection in daily routines.毫无疑问，大众应在日常生活中提升环保意识。语法剖析固定句型+同位语从句（There is no doubt that...）+ 名词短语（awareness of...）高中英语语法全攻略Thank You ！