专题11 阅读理解说明文-高考英语真题及模拟题英语分项汇编（全国通用）

这是一份专题11 阅读理解说明文-高考英语真题及模拟题英语分项汇编（全国通用），共35页。
高考真题
Passage 1
【新高考全国Ⅰ卷】The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
8. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
9. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
10. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
11. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
Passage 2
【新高考全国Ⅰ卷】On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
12. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
14. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? ( 在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
Passage 3
【新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
8. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.D. A review f mdern paintings.
9. What are the selected artwrks abut?
A. Wealth and intellect.B. Hme and schl.
C. Bks and reading.D. Wrk and leisure.
10. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
11. What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. (Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate t”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
Passage 4
【新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
12. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
13. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.D. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
14. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
15. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study.B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可推断，给游客分类是为了区分不同的游客类别。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
Passage 5
【全国乙卷】What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
8. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.D. It deserves a high reputatin.
9. Which best describes ckery prgramme n British TV?
A. Authritative.B. Creative.C. Prfitable.D. Influential.
10. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
11. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
Passage 6
【全国甲卷】I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu — and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abur learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
28. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
29. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them.
B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills.
D. T help readers understand Weiner’s bk.
30. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers.
D. It leaves an pen ending.
31. What des the authr think f Weiner’s bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Scrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Scrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jstein Gaarder的《 Sphie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jstein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, mre than a bk abut undestanding philsphy, is a bk abur learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Scrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philspical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. (The Scrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
Passage 7
【全国甲卷】Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see, and their answer is ften the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range,” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the U.S. was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came, with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers, 600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t de-list grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly, if precautins (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
32. Hw d Americans lk at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in peple.
B. They shuld be kept in natinal parks.
C. They are f high scientific value.
D. They are a symbl f American culture.
33. What has helped the increase f the grizzly ppulatin?
A The Eurpean settlers’ behavir.
B. The expansin f bears’ range.
C. The prtectin by law since 1975.
D. The supprt f Native Americans.
34. What has stpped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service frm de-listing grizzlies?
A. The ppsitin f cnservatin grups.
B. The successful cmeback f grizzlies.
C. The vice f the bilgists.
D. The lcal farmers’ advcates.
35. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B. Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C. A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D. Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Tday, there are abut 2, 000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviusly, if precautins aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,“ says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
名校模拟题
Passage 1
（2023·陕西·统考三模）In a majr step frward fr mnitring the bidiversity f marine(海洋的)systems, a new study published in the jurnal Envirnmental DNA details hw Mnterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute(MBARI) researchers are using autnmus underwater rbts t sample envirnmental DNA(eDNA), which allws scientists t detect the presence f aquatic species frm the tiny bits f genetic(遗传学的) material they leave behind. This “DNA sup” ffers clues abut bidiversity changes in sensitive areas and the presence f rare r endangered species-all critical t understanding and preserving a healthy cean.
Researchers cmbined tw nvel autnmus platfrms develped by MBARI fr this study-the Lng-Range Autnmus Underwater Vehicle(LRAUV) and the Envirnmental Sample Prcessr(ESP). The LRAUV can travel fr weeks at a time and fr hundreds f kilmeters. It can enable mre frequent sampling in remte sites than traditinal research ships. The ESP is a rbtic “labratry-in-a-can” that filters(过滤) seawater and preserves eDNA fr future study. By equipping an LRAUV with ESP technlgy, researchers can mnitr the cean better.
“We knw that eDNA is an incredibly pwerful tl fr studying cean cmmunities, but we’ve been limited by what we can accmplish using expensive crewed research ships. Nw, autnmus technlgy is helping us make better use f ur time and resurces t study previusly unsurveyed regins f the cean,” said Kbun Truelve, a bilgical ceangrapher at MBARI and the lead authr f the paper.
Marine bidiversity is a measure f the abundance f individuals and species in the cean. This intercnnected mixture f rganisms supprts fd webs, prduces the air we breathe, and regulates ur climate. Autnmus tls like the LRAUV and ESP enable MBARI researchers t mnitr changes in sensitive ecsystems in ways that were nt pssible previusly.
“Ship-based research will cntinue t play an imprtant rle in ceangraphic studies, but adding new autnmus technlgy t the tlkit will expand capacity fr research, mnitring, and resurce management,” said Truelve.
1．What d the underlined wrds “aquatic species” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Thse living in water.B．Thse grwing near water.
C．Thse becming endangered.D．Thse cnsuming eDNA．
2．What can the LRAUV d?
A．Filter seawater effectively.
B．Preserve eDNA fr future study.
C．Travel fr mnths at a time in the cean.
D．Reach remte areas f the cean frequently.
3．What can we infer frm Truelve’s wrds?
A．Autnmus technlgy is mre ecnmical and efficient.
B．Ship-based research is mre time-saving and energy-saving.
C．Autnmus rbts have entirely replaced traditinal research ships.
D．Crewed research ships help researchers study new parts f the cean.
4．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Researchers Discver a “DNA Sup”
B．Autnmus Technlgy Needs Imprving
C．Rbts Sample eDNA t Mnitr Ocean Health
D．The Bidiversity f the Ocean Needs Prtectin
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。
1．词句猜测题。根据上下文语境以及上文的“In a majr step frward fr mnitring the bidiversity f marine systems（这是监测海洋生物多样性的重要一步）”可知，科学家监测的是海洋生物，所以画线词也应该指的是“海洋中的生物”。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The LRAUV can travel fr weeks at a time and fr hundreds f kilmeters. It can enable mre frequent sampling in remte sites than traditinal research ships.（LRAUV一次可以航行数周，航行数百公里。与传统的科考船相比，它可以在偏远地区进行更频繁的采样）”可知，远程自主水下航行器(LRA UV) 可以经常到达海洋的偏远地区。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“Nw, autnmus technlgy is helping us make better use f ur time and resurces t study previusly unsurveyed regins f the cean,” said Kbun Truelve, a bilgical ceangrapher at MBARI and the lead authr f the paper.（“我们知道eDNA是研究海洋群落的一个非常强大的工具，但我们一直受到使用昂贵的载人研究船所能完成的限制。现在，自主技术正在帮助我们更好地利用我们的时间和资源来研究以前未调查的海洋区域”，MBARI的生物海洋学家、该论文的主要作者Kbun Truelve说）”可以推论出，自主技术更加经济、高效。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“In a majr step frward fr mnitring the bidiversity f marine systems, a new study published in the jurnal Envirnmental DNA details hw Mnterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute(MBARI) researchers are using autnmus underwater rbts t sample envirnmental DNA(eDNA), which allws scientists t detect the presence f aquatic species frm the tiny bits f genetic material they leave behind. ”（在监测海洋系统生物多样性方面迈出了重要一步，发表在《环境DNA》杂志上的一项新研究详细介绍了蒙特利湾水族馆研究所(MBARI)的研究人员如何使用自主水下机器人对环境DNA进行采样，这使得科学家能够从水生物种留下的微小遗传物质中检测到它们的存在。）可知，本文主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。所以，用C项“Rbts Sample eDNA t Mnitr Ocean Health”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选C项。
Passage 2
（2023·湖北·校联考模拟预测）“Twards thee I rll, thu all-destrying but uncnquering whale; t the last I grapple with thee; frm hell’s heart I stab at thee; fr hate’s sake I spit my last breath at thee.” Captain Ahab’s dying declaratin f defiance (抗争) is amng the mst famus passages in Herman Melville’s nvel.
In reality, such victries f the hunted ver the hunter were a fantasy in the cruel wrld f industrial whaling. The biggest cetacean f them all, the blue whale, had all but disappeared frm the Suthern Ocean by the time a ban n hunting it was intrduced in 1967.
Sightings f the largest mammal ever t live n the earth had been rare in the regin since then. Nt any mre. A survey f castal waters arund the island f Suth Gergia in the sub-Antarctic has had remarkable results.
In just ver three weeks, in the krill-rich waters f what was nce their main feeding grund, the mvements f 55 Antarctic blues were recrded by the British Antarctic Survey. The finding was described as “truly, truly amazing” by ne cetacean specialist. It suggests that when a cmprehensive audit (审计), due in 2021, is carried ut, there is a gd chance that the species will prve t be in full recvery mde, as are humpbacks and ther whales in the suthern hemisphere.
Three years ag, the Natural Histry Museum established a 25m skeletn (骨架) f a blue whale and named it Hpe, intending t inspire new generatins t build a sustainable future.
The return f the wrld’s mst splendid cean travellers t suthern waters shuld serve as an example fr wider pssibilities f cnservatin. Eclgical wrngs can be righted, r at least mitigated, with sufficient will and rganisatins.
The mre general cmeback f the whale - fr which envirnmental campaigners shuld take a great deal f credit — can be an inspiratin fr victries yet t be wn. It culd als act as an added mtivatin t actin n the climate emergency.
5．What’s the authr’s purpse f mentining the famus passage in Herman Melville’s nvel?
A．T describe a hunter’s bravery.B．T intrduce the tpic f the text.
C．T stress the ppularity f the nvel.D．T ffer infrmatin abut whale hunting.
6．Why was a 25m skeletn f a blue whale named Hpe?
A．T attract turists t visit the museum.
B．T shw the unkindness f whale hunters.
C．T mtivate humans t live harmniusly with nature.
D．T call n peple t pay attentin t the blue whales’ habitat.
7．What des the underlined wrd “mitigated” in paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．Develped.B．Prmted.C．Reduced.D．Slved.
8．What’s the best title f the text?
A．The blue whales’ cmebackB．The cruelty f industrial whaling
C．The imprtance f prtecting whalesD．The sustainable develpment f the Antarctic area
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在环保人士的努力下，更多的蓝鲸正在逐步回归海洋。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段““Twards thee I rll, thu all-destrying but uncnquering whale; t the last I grapple with thee; frm hell’s heart I stab at thee; fr hate’s sake I spit my last breath at thee.” Captain Ahab’s dying declaratin f defiance (抗争) is amng the mst famus passages in Herman Melville’s nvel.(“我向你滚来滚去，你这条毁灭一切却又不可战胜的大鲸；我要与你搏斗到底；我从地狱之心刺向你；为了仇恨，我向你吐出最后一口气。”亚哈船长临死前的反抗宣言是赫尔曼·梅尔维尔小说中最著名的段落之一)”以及第二段“In reality, such victries f the hunted ver the hunter were a fantasy in the cruel wrld f industrial whaling. The biggest cetacean f them all, the blue whale, had all but disappeared frm the Suthern Ocean by the time a ban n hunting it was intrduced in 1967.(实际上，在残酷的工业捕鲸世界里，这样的被捕者对猎人的胜利只是一种幻想。其中最大的鲸类动物蓝鲸，在1967年禁止捕猎蓝鲸时，几乎从南大洋消失了)”可推知，作者提到赫尔曼·麦尔维尔这部小说中最著名的桥段之一，是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段“Three years ag, the Natural Histry Museum established a 25m skeletn (骨架) f a blue whale and named it Hpe, intending t inspire new generatins t build a sustainable future.(三年前，自然历史博物馆建立了一具25米长的蓝鲸骨架，并将其命名为“希望”，旨在激励新一代建设可持续发展的未来)”可知，一具25米长的蓝鲸骨架被命名为“希望”是为了激励人类与自然和谐相处，建设可持续发展的未来。故选C。
7．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Eclgical wrngs can be righted, r at least”以及后文“with sufficient will and rganisatins.”可知，“at least”的语意比righted轻，说明只要有足够的意愿和组织，生态错误是可以纠正的，或者至少是可以减轻的。故画线词意思是“减少”。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Sightings f the largest mammal ever t live n the earth had been rare in the regin since then. Nt any mre. A survey f castal waters arund the island f Suth Gergia in the sub-Antarctic has had remarkable results.(从那以后，在这个地区很少能看到这种地球上最大的哺乳动物。现在不是了。对亚南极南乔治亚岛周围沿海水域的调查取得了显著成果)”结合文章主要介绍了在环保人士的努力下，更多的蓝鲸正在逐步回归海洋。A选项“蓝鲸的回归”符合语境。故选A。
Passage 3
（2023·山东济南·统考三模）Fr mtrcycle enthusiasts, nthing beats the excitement f riding yur mtrcycle n the pen highway with the wind n yur back. With gas prices rising, riding mtrcycles is ecnmical and a much greener way t travel. Alng with the benefits cmes the risk f persnal injury if an accident ccurs. After all, yu’re nt prtected by steel like yu are while driving yur car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innvatins, new airbag jeans, are persnal airbags that yu can wear t better prtect yur life.
Airbags have been prtecting peple in car accidents fr decades. Nw, a Swedish cmpany, M’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technlgy cmpany which previusly prduced upper bdy prtectin fr mtrcycle riders, t design and prduce the airbags jeans. This kind f airbag can ffer prtectin fr the mtrcycle rider’s lwer bdy, especially the tailbne, in case f an accident. Accrding t the cmpany, “It refrmed the airbag technlgy t prtect the first bne f the spinal clumn (脊柱), because spinal clumn injury is the leading cause f disability amng mtrcycle riders.”
The airbag jeans lk like cnventinal trusers. Its cmpnent is remvable and the jeans can be washed, dried, and wrn again. The jeans are made f a fabric called Armalith which is strnger and weighs less than steel. Armalith helps t prevent riders frm injuries caused by frce f frictin after a fall. The airbags fixed int the fabric help prtect the rider if he r she falls ff the mtrcycle. If the rider is separated frm the vehicle, the airbags are tuched ff in secnds. That’s because the mechanism is actually a chain that cnnects the jeans t the mtrcycle.
M’cycle’s airbag jeans are available n the cmpany’s crwdfunding campaign alng with an airbag shirt and a cmplete prtectin package. Obviusly, they can prvide prtectin fr mre mtrcycle riders. Making the rads safer fr them is certainly a wrthy effrt.
9．What is the purpse f Paragraph 1?
A．T shw the ppularity f mtrcycles.B．T stress the necessity f airbags jeans.
C．T state the imprtance f wearing helmets.D．T display the excitement f highway riding.
10．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A．The tailbne injuries are hard t identify.
B．Airbags ffer verall prtectin fr riders.
C．M cycle is famus fr airbag design and prductin.
D．The airbag jeans are based n the existing technlgy.
11．What is a feature f airbag jeans?
A．They lead a new fashin trend.B．They are cmfrtable t wear.
C．They are quick in respnse.D．They need fixing regularly.,
12．Hw des the authr feel abut the future f the airbag jeans?
A．Indifferent.B．Uncertain.C．Prmising.D．Curius.
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．C 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安全气囊牛仔裤可以更好地保护人们的生命，文章介绍了安全气囊牛仔裤的原理以及涉及的技术。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Fr mtrcycle enthusiasts, nthing beats the excitement f riding yur mtrcycle n the pen highway with the wind n yur back. With gas prices rising, riding mtrcycles is ecnmical and a much greener way t travel. Alng with the benefits cmes the risk f persnal injury if an accident ccurs. After all, yu’re nt prtected by steel like yu are while driving yur car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innvatins, new airbag jeans, are persnal airbags that yu can wear t better prtect yur life.(对于摩托车爱好者来说，没有什么比骑着摩托车在开阔的高速公路上迎风而行更令人兴奋的了。随着汽油价格的上涨，骑摩托车是一种既经济又环保的出行方式。随着这些好处而来的是，如果发生事故，人身伤害的风险。毕竟，你不像开车时那样受到钢铁的保护。除了头盔之外，最新的安全创新产品——新型安全气囊牛仔裤——是一种个人安全气囊，你可以穿上它来更好地保护你的生命)”可推知，第一段的目的是强调安全气囊牛仔裤的必要性。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“Nw, a Swedish cmpany, M’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technlgy cmpany which previusly prduced upper bdy prtectin fr mtrcycle riders, t design and prduce the airbags jeans. This kind f airbag can ffer prtectin fr the mtrcycle rider’s lwer bdy, especially the tailbne, in case f an accident. Accrding t the cmpany, “It refrmed the airbag technlgy t prtect the first bne f the spinal clumn (脊柱), because spinal clumn injury is the leading cause f disability amng mtrcycle riders.”(现在，一家瑞典公司M’cycle与一家安全气囊技术公司合作，设计和生产安全气囊牛仔裤。该公司之前为摩托车手生产上半身保护装置。这种安全气囊可以在发生事故时保护摩托车骑手的下半身，特别是尾骨。据该公司介绍，“它改革了安全气囊技术，以保护脊柱的第一块骨头，因为脊柱损伤是摩托车骑手致残的主要原因。”)”可推知，安全气囊牛仔裤是基于现有技术。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If the rider is separated frm the vehicle, the airbags are tuched ff in secnds.(如果骑手与车辆分离，安全气囊会在几秒钟内被触发)”可知，安全气囊牛仔裤的特点反应迅速。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Obviusly, they can prvide prtectin fr mre mtrcycle riders. Making the rads safer fr them is certainly a wrthy effrt.(显然，他们可以为更多的摩托车骑手提供保护。让道路对他们来说更安全当然是值得的)”可推知，作者认为安全气囊牛仔裤的未来很有前途。故选C。
Passage 4
（2023·广东东莞·校联考模拟预测）As the csts f fuel, grceries and husing increase suddenly arund the wrld, scientists are fighting inflatin (通货膨胀) at the bench. Almst all items needed t cnduct science are mre expensive than they were just a year ag. And that means that nearly every researcher is feeling the pressure. “Nbdy is immune t this ecnmy,” says Tla Olrunnisla, wh leads innvatin in the lab at Avantr, an internatinal science-management cmpany in Pennsylvania. Olrunnisla visited labs in the Netherlands, Switzerland and Ireland t help researchers find ways t enlarge their budgets. “Scientists are becming mre cnscius f csts,” she says.
The increase in lab csts has frced scientists t make sme difficult chices. Scientific budgets are pretty fixed. If they pay duble fr smething, it means they’re nt buying smething else. Scientists can keep their research prjects mving frward, but t avid verspending n their budgets, they’ll prbably need t adjust their buying habits and take steps t make their labs mre efficient.
Julien Sage, a cancer researcher and geneticist at Stanfrd University in Califrnia, estimates that lab supplies histrically accunt fr rughly 20%f his verall budget, but he says that the balance is shifting.
Withut significant bsts in funding t keep pace with inflatin, it’s up t scientists t find creative ways t diminish csts. One ptin is t rethink experimental design.
“It will prbably take mre than discunts frm lab-supply cmpanies t truly prtect scientists frm the impact f rising prices,” Sage says. “Unless smething is dne n a large scale t either stabilize csts r increase funding, science is likely t suffer. If yu have less mney, yu’re ging t have fewer peple r be less prductive, which means yu’re ging t have fewer grants (拨款) which means yu’re ging t have fewer peple. That’s prbably happening t a lt f labs these days, and the questin is: When is it ging t stp?”
13．Fr what did Olrunnisla visit sme labs in different places?
A．Seeing hw researchers struggle against inflatin.
B．Prving everyne has t face the rising price.
C．Learning abut the pressure f researchers.
D．Helping researchers vercme ecnmic difficulty.
14．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The cause f increasing lab csts.B．The effects f the rising lab csts.
C．The tugh chices f researchers.D．The ways f making labs efficient.
15．What des the underlined wrd “diminish” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Reduce.B．Calculate.C．Restre.D．Keep.
16．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Scientists face many prblemsB．The price f gds is rising quickly
C．Labs have t tighten supplies budgetsD．Peple hld different pinins f price
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．A 16．C
【导语】本文是说明文。随着世界各地燃料、商品和住房成本的激增，实验室的科研人员不得不削减成本以应对通货膨胀。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Olrunnisla visited labs in the Netherlands, Switzerland and Ireland t help researchers find ways t enlarge their budgets.(Olrunnisla访问了荷兰、瑞士和爱尔兰的实验室，帮助研究人员找到扩大预算的方法)”可知，Olrunnisla访问了荷兰，瑞士和爱尔兰的实验室，其目的是帮助科研人员克服经济困难。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The increase in lab csts has frced scientists t make sme difficult chices. Scientific budgets are pretty fixed. If they pay duble fr smething, it means they’re nt buying smething else. Scientists can keep their research prjects mving frward, but t avid verspending n their budgets, they’ll prbably need t adjust their buying habits and take steps t make their labs mre efficient.(实验室成本的增加迫使科学家们做出了一些艰难的选择。科学预算是相当固定的。如果他们花双倍的钱买东西，这意味着他们没有买别的东西。科学家们可以继续推进他们的研究项目，但为了避免预算超支，他们可能需要调整他们的购买习惯，并采取措施提高实验室的效率)”可知，本段主要讲述了实验室成本的增加给科研人员带来的一系列问题及其影响。故选B。
15．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Withut significant bsts in funding t keep pace with inflatin, it’s up t scientists t find creative ways t”可知，如果不大幅增加资金以跟上通货膨胀的步伐，那么科研人员就必须找到创造性的方法来削减成本。故划线词意思是“减少”。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“As the csts f fuel, grceries and husing increase suddenly arund the wrld, scientists are fighting inflatin (通货膨胀) at the bench. Almst all items needed t cnduct science are mre expensive than they were just a year ag. And that means that nearly every researcher is feeling the pressure.(随着燃料、食品杂货和住房成本在世界范围内的突然上涨，科学家们正在板凳上与通货膨胀作斗争。几乎所有进行科学研究所需的物品都比一年前贵了。这意味着几乎每个研究人员都感到了压力)”结合文章主要说明了随着世界各地燃料、商品和住房成本的微增，实验室的科研人员不得不削减成本以应对通货膨胀。C选项“实验室必须收紧供应预算”最符合文章标题。故选C。
Passage 5
（2023·河南·校联考模拟预测）The invasive (入侵的) species, als called intrduced species r freign species, is any nnnative species that significantly changes r damages the ecsystem it invades. Such species may arrive in new areas thrugh natural migratin, but they are ften intrduced by the activities f ther species. Human activities, such as thse invlved in glbal cmmerce and the pet trade, are cnsidered t be the mst cmmn ways in which invasive plants, animals, micrbes, and ther rganisms are transprted t new habitats.
Mst intrduced species d nt survive extended perids in new habitats, because they d nt pssess the necessary adaptatins t adjust t the challenges psed by their new surrundings. Sme intrduced species may becme invasive when they pssess a built-in cmpetitive advantage ver native species in invaded areas. They change native fd chains and in sme cases even get t the tp f the fd chains, which means the ecsystem lacks natural enemy capable f keeping them in check. Under these circumstances, new arrivals can get the chance t reprduce in large numbers.
The eclgical damage that tends t fllw such invasins ften reduces the ecsystem’s bidiversity and causes ecnmic harm t peple wh depend n the ecsystem’s bilgical resurces. Invasive species may be s gd at catching preys that victim ppulatins decline ver time, and many victim species die ut in the affected ecsystem. Other invasive species, in cntrast, may prevent native species frm btaining fd, living space, r ther resurces. Over time, invasive species can effectively replace native nes, ften frcing the lcalized extinctin f many native species. Invasive plants and animals may als serve as disease carriers that spread parasites (寄生虫) and viruses that may further d harm t the invaded area.
17．Hw d intrduced species mainly travel t a new place?
A．Thrugh natural reprductin.B．Thrugh natural migratin.
C．Thrugh human activities.D．Thugh scial interactins.
18．What happens t mst intrduced species in new habitats?
A．They becme extinct wrldwide.B．They survive frm any challenges.
C．They dminate the new wrld.D．They die ff in a shrt perid.
19．What des the underlined wrd “preys” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Creatures that are hunted and eaten.
B．Species that die ut in a new place.
C．Species at the tp f fd chains.
D．Creatures at the bttm f fd chains.
20．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Invasive Species Arund the Wrld
B．Invasive Species and Their Impact
C．The Ways Invasive Species Spread
D．The Classificatin f Intrduced Species
【答案】17．C 18．D 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是外来物种的定义及其对新环境的影响。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Human activities, such as thse invlved in glbal cmmerce and the pet trade, are cnsidered t be the mst cmmn ways in which invasive plants, animals, micrbes, and ther rganisms are transprted t new habitats.(人类活动，例如涉及全球商业和宠物贸易的活动，被认为是入侵植物、动物、微生物和其他生物被转移到新栖息地的最常见方式)”可知，引进的物种主要是通过人类活动传播到一个新的地方，故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Mst intrduced species d nt survive extended perids in new habitats, because they d nt pssess the necessary adaptatins t adjust t the challenges psed by their new surrundings.(大多数引进的物种不能在新的栖息地长时间生存，因为它们没有必要的适应能力来适应新环境带来的挑战)”可知，进入新栖息地的大多数引进物种会在短时间内死亡。故选D。
19．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Invasive species may be s gd at catching(入侵物种可能非常善于捕捉)”和下文定语从句“that victim ppulatins decline ver time, and many victim species die ut in the affected ecsystem.(随着时间的推移，受害物种数量减少，许多受害物种在受影响的生态系统中灭绝)”可知，preys指的是被猎杀和吃掉的生物。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The invasive (入侵的) species, als called intrduced species r freign species, is any nnnative species that significantly changes r damages the ecsystem it invades.(入侵物种，也被称为引进物种或外来物种，是任何非本地物种显著改变或破坏其入侵的生态系统)”和第二段的“They change native fd chains and in sme cases even get t the tp f the fd chains, which means the ecsystem lacks natural enemy capable f keeping them in check.(它们改变了当地的食物链，在某些情况下甚至到达了食物链的顶端，这意味着生态系统缺乏能够控制它们的天敌)”及第三段的“The eclgical damage that tends t fllw such invasins ften reduces the ecsystem’s bidiversity and causes ecnmic harm t peple wh depend n the ecsystem’s bilgical resurces.(这种入侵往往会造成生态破坏，往往会减少生态系统的生物多样性，并对依赖生态系统生物资源的人们造成经济损害)”可知，本文主要讲的是外来物种的定义及其对新环境的影响。由此可知，B选项“Invasive Species and Their Impact(入侵物种及其影响)”适合作本文标题。故选B。
Passage 6
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）A grwing bdy f research suggests that the gut micrbime (消化道菌群) culd play a majr rle in a rising chrnic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is cmmnly called chrnic fatigue syndrme (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrintestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cgnitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty cncentrating, amng ther symptms. It ften fllws a viral infectin which can lead t a “disruptin” in a balanced gut ecsystem. Actually, an increasing number f Americans have been the sufferers since the utbreak f COVID-19.
Tw recent studies published in Cell Hst &Micrbe pint t changes in the micrbime as a pssible cause f CFS. Research grups at Clumbia University and the Jacksn Labratry perfrmed detailed analyses f the micrbes in stl (粪便) samples frm patients with CFS and cmpared them t healthy cntrls.
The tw grups fund similar bacteria species were less present in CFS patients cmpared t cntrl patients. They fcused n bacteria that prduce butyrate, a fatty acid invlved in regulating metablism and the immune system. “Butyrate plays several rles in directing the bdy’s respnse t infectins, while als prtecting the barrier between the intestine (肠) and the circulatry system, regulating genetic changes in cells, and mre,” says Brent Williams, lead authr n the Clumbia study. Williams and his clleagues extensively analyzed the rle f butyrate in CFS patients’ guts, even identifying a crrelatin between lw levels f bacteria that prduce this acid and mre severe symptms.
Parallel findings frm the Jacksn Labratry team suggest the bacteria that prduce butyrate culd be used t diagnse CFS. Previus research has identified micrbime issues in CFS patients, but the new findings help clarify which micrbes culd be related t the illness.
Mre research n butyrate-prducing bacteria and ther species identified in the studies is necessary t investigate these ptential bimarkers f CFS, the authrs say. If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria culd be used t diagnse the illness, which is currently identified based n symptms alne.
The findings additinally pint tward pssible treatments, such as prbitics r micrbime-fcused diet adjustments—thugh patients wh have been sick fr lng perids may require drugs that alleviate the damage dne t their metablism r immune system.
21．What d we knw abut CFS?
A．It is caused by COVID-19 nly.B．It is an illness with systemic symptms.
C．It breaks the balance f the gut ecsystem.D．The number f the infected is n the decrease.
22．Hw did the researcher carry ut the recent studies?
A．By cntrlling data.B．By identifying genes.
C．By analyzing samples.D．By cmparing symptms.
23．Which f the fllwing is NOT the significance f the recent researches?
A．Butyrate’s multiple functins are prmted.
B．Targeted gut micrbes may be used t diagnse CFS.
C．Certain micrbes respnsible fr CFS are narrwed dwn.
D．Prbitics supplement with drugs can be a treatment fr CFS.
24．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Gut micrbime may be the key t CFS.B．Micrbes help digest fd and aid absrptin.
C．Man’s gut is a rich, diverse trpical rainfrest.D．New methd fr diagnsing CFS are prvided.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．A 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“The illness, which is cmmnly called chrnic fatigue syndrme (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrintestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cgnitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty cncentrating, amng ther symptms.(这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是强烈的疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”可知，慢性疲劳综合症是一种有全身性症状的疾病。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Research grups at Clumbia University and the Jacksn Labratry perfrmed detailed analyses f the micrbes in stl (粪便) samples frm patients with CFS and cmpared them t healthy cntrls.(哥伦比亚大学和杰克逊实验室的研究小组对慢性疲劳综合症患者粪便样本中的微生物进行了详细分析，并将其与健康对照进行了比较)”可知，研究人员通过分析样本进行的研究。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Parallel findings frm the Jacksn Labratry team suggest the bacteria that prduce butyrate culd be used t diagnse CFS.(杰克逊实验室团队的类似发现表明，产生丁酸盐的细菌可以用来诊断慢性疲劳综合症)”；倒数第二段“If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria culd be used t diagnse the illness, which is currently identified based n symptms alne.(如果这些发现被复制，特定的肠道细菌可以用来诊断疾病，目前仅根据症状来识别疾病)”以及最后一段“The findings additinally pint tward pssible treatments, such as prbitics r micrbime-fcused diet adjustments—thugh patients wh have been sick fr lng perids may require drugs that alleviate the damage dne t their metablism r immune system.(研究结果还指出了可能的治疗方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群为重点的饮食调整——尽管长期患病的患者可能需要药物来减轻对新陈代谢或免疫系统的损害)”可知，A选项“促进丁酸盐的多种功能”不是研究的意义。故选A。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A grwing bdy f research suggests that the gut micrbime (消化道菌群) culd play a majr rle in a rising chrnic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is cmmnly called chrnic fatigue syndrme (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrintestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cgnitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty cncentrating, amng ther symptms.(越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用，这些疾病会使我们的身体变得更弱。这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是剧烈疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”结合文章介绍了一项研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义可知，这篇文章的主要讲述肠道微生物群可能是慢性疲劳综合症的关键。故选A。
Passage 7
（2023·山东日照·统考三模）A new wearable device that wraps arund yur finger like a plaster can harvest sweat while yu sleep and use it t generate electricity, accrding t the develpers frm University f Califrnia, San Die g.
Mst pwer prducing wearable device require wearers t perfrm intense exercise r depend n external surces such as sunlight r large changes in temperature. But the new strip uses a passive system t generate electricity frm sweat in yur fingertips, even if yu are sleeping r sitting cmpletely still. This is because the finger tips are the sweatiest part f the bdy. S, thanks t a smart spnge material, this can be cllected and prcessed by cnductrs.
The energy harvester prduced small amunts f electricity when the wearer presses dwn r starts t sweat, r frm light finger tapping. It des this by cnverting activities like typing, texting, r playing the pian int extra charge.
Finger tips have ne f the highest cncentratins f sweat grands in the bdy, with cach finger prducing between 100 and 1,000 times mre sweat than mst ther areas, accrding t the researchers.
C-first authr dctral student Mr. Bin said: “The reasn why we feel sweatier n ther parts f the bdy is that thse spts are nt well ventilated (通风的). By cntrast, the finger tips are always expsed t air, s the sweat evaprated as it cmes ut. S rather than letting it evaprate, we use ur device t cllect this sweat, and it can generate a significant amunt f energy.”
The device is equipped with electrical cnductrs r electrde (电极) made frm a carbn fam, which absrbs any finger sweat. Enzyme (酶) n the electrde then cause a chemical sweat mlecule t generate electricity.
The device nly stres up a little bit pwer at the mment, and wuld take abut three weeks f cnstant wear t pwer a smart phne, but the researchers hpe t increase capacity in future.
25．Hw is the new device different frm ther wearables?
A．It is cst-effective.B．It is harmless t skin.
C．It required n exercise.D．It prduced electricity.
26．What des the underlined wrd “evaprate” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Changes int a gas.B．Freezes in the air.
C．Drps t the grund.D．B c cmes bigger in amunt.
27．What is the disadvantage f the device?
A．It is extremely small in size.B．It is very difficult t perate.
C．It has a very limited pwer capacity.D．It relies much n temperature changes.
28．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Sweats FingertipsB．Pwer frm Fingertips
C．An Electrical CnductrD．A Rechargeable Device
【答案】25．C 26．A 27．C 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的研究发现，研发人员发明了一种新型的可穿戴设备，该设备可以像膏药一样缠在手指上，在你睡觉时收集汗水，并利用它来发电。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Mst pwer prducing wearable device require wearers t perfrm intense exercise r depend n external surces such as sunlight r large changes in temperature. But the new strip uses a passive system t generate electricity frm sweat in yur fingertips, even if yu are sleeping r sitting cmpletely still.(大多数产生能量的可穿戴设备都需要佩戴者进行剧烈运动，或者依赖于外部资源，如阳光或温度的巨大变化。但这款新产品采用了一种被动系统，即使你在睡觉或坐着不动，也能从你指尖的汗液中发电。)”可知，这种设备即使是在你不运动的情况下，也可以从你指尖的汗液中发电。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“The reasn why we feel sweatier n ther parts f the bdy is that thse spts are nt well ventilated (通风的).(我们身体其他部位出汗更多的原因是这些部位通风不佳。)”可推断，他的意思是我们身体的其他部位出汗多是因为那些部位不通风。而对比之下，“the finger tips are always expsed t air(指尖总是暴露在空气中)”可推测，指尖没有多少汗水，由此推断，指尖没有汗水是因为汗水一出来就蒸发了。所以划线单词的意思和“蒸发”相似。选项A“Changes int a gas. (变成气体)”，符合意思。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The device nly stres up a little bit pwer at the mment, and wuld take abut three weeks f cnstant wear t pwer a smart phne, but the researchers hpe t increase capacity in future.(该设备目前只能储存一点点能量，并且需要持续佩戴大约三周才能为智能手机供电，但研究人员希望将来能增加容量。)”可知，该设备的容量不够大。故选C。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new wearable device that wraps arund yur finger like a plaster can harvest sweat while yu sleep and use it t generate electricity, accrding t the develpers frm University f Califrnia, San Die g.(加州大学圣迭戈分校的研发人员日前表示，一种新型可穿戴设备可以像膏药一样缠在手指上，在你睡觉时收集汗水，并利用它来发电。)”以及整篇文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型的可穿戴设备，该设备可以佩戴在手指并收集汗水，用来发电。所以“Pwer frm Fingertips(来自指尖的电能)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
Passage 8
（2023·广东广州·广州六中校考三模）We ften find urselves struggling t cntrl ur thughts, but why is it s hard t stp ur minds wandering? Research fund ur thughts are less fcused and under less cntrl than we realize. In a 1996 study, participants reprted mre than 4,000 thughts daily, each lasting n mre than five secnds. In a 1987 study, peple perceived 22% f their thughts as strange, unacceptable r wrng. Then, is it pssible t avid unwanted thughts, whether it’s an upcming exam r an unpleasant cnversatin? The answer is: maybe.
In a 2022 study, the researchers shwed paid vlunteers a series f slides displaying different nuns. Each nun was repeated n five different slides. As they viewed the slides, the participants wrte dwn a wrd they assciated with each given nun — fr example, “rad” in respnse t “car.” Only the experimental grup were tld they wuldn’t get paid fr repeated wrds. With this methd, the researchers sught t create a situatin when smene experiences unwanted thughts.
When the experimental grup saw each nun fr a secnd time, they tk lnger than the cntrl grup t cme up with a new assciatin, suggesting their first respnse ppped int their mind befre they replaced it. Hwever, they gt quicker each time they viewed the same slide, indicating that their assciatin between the given wrd and their first respnse — the thught they were trying t avid — was weakening.
“We didn’t find evidence that peple can entirely avid unwanted thughts,” said research leader Isaac Fradkin. “But the results suggest that practice can help peple get better.”
Nt everyne agrees that a slideshw f randm wrds can tell hw peple stp emtinal thughts. Other research suggests that aviding thughts can backfire. When we d it, we’re sending ur brains a message. This effrt labels them as smething t be feared, making them mre pwerful.
In the end, it might make mre sense t take a mindful apprach. “We can allw these thughts t just be in ur minds, nt hlding nt them t tightly and nt trying t fight them,” said Fradkin.
29．What can we learn abut ur thughts frm paragraph 1?
A．Mst f ur thughts are valueless.
B．We tend t fcus mre n negative thughts.
C．Our thughts can ccur and disappear easily.
D．We can’t keep ur thughts fr ver five secnds.
30．Why were the experimental grup tld nt t repeat the related wrds?
A．T cllect mre assciatins.
B．T make the task mre challenging.
C．T create a cmpetitive atmsphere.
D．T set up a desired experimental cntext.
31．What des the underlined wrd “backfire” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Have an ppsite effect.B．Take back the wrng message.
C．Reveal hidden prblems.D．Cause a mental breakdwn.
32．What des Fradkin advise us t d with unwanted thughts?
A．Drive them away.B．Try t understand them.
C．Leave them alne.D．Learn t cntrl them.
【答案】29．C 30．D 31．A 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们很难控制自己的思想，经常会有奇怪的、不可接受的或错误的想法。虽然没有证据表明人们可以完全避免这些不必要的想法，但研究表明，练习可以帮助人们变得更好。我们不应该逃避，或试图与它们作斗争，而是要顺其自然。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We ften find urselves struggling t cntrl ur thughts, but why is it s hard t stp ur minds wandering? a 1996 study, participants reprted mre than 4,000 thughts daily, each lasting n mre than five secnds.(我们常常发现自己很难控制自己的思想，但是为什么我们很难停止思想的游荡呢？……在1996年的一项研究中，参与者每天报告超过4000个想法，每个想法持续不超过5秒钟)”可知，我们很难停止思想游荡，这说明我们的想法很容易出现；参与者的每个想法持续不超过5秒钟，这说明我们的想法很容易消失。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Only the experimental grup were tld they wuldn’t get paid fr repeated wrds. With this methd, the researchers sught t create a situatin when smene experiences unwanted thughts.(只有实验组被告知他们不会因为重复的话而得到报酬。用这种方法，研究人员试图创造一种情况，当有人经历不想要的想法)”可知，实验组被告知不要重复相关的单词这是为了创设理想的实验环境。故选D。
31．词句猜测题。根据画线单词下文“When we d it, we’re sending ur brains a message. This effrt labels them as smething t be feared, making them mre pwerful.(当我们这么做的时候，我们在向我们的大脑传递一个信息。这种努力给它们贴上了令人畏惧的标签，使它们变得更加强大)”可知，逃避这些想法会给大脑传递一个信息，这会让这些想法变得更加强大，这说明逃避这些想法并不会使想法停止，反而使它们愈加强大。由此推知，逃避这些想法会产生使适得其反的结果，划线单词“backfire”意为“产生适得其反的结果”。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We can allw these thughts t just be in ur minds, nt hlding nt them t tightly and nt trying t fight them,” said Fradkin.(“我们可以让这些想法只存在于我们的头脑中，而不是紧紧抓住它们不放，也不要试图与它们作斗争，”Fradkin说)”可知，Fradkin建议我们不要管这些我们不想要的想法，应该顺其自然。故选C。
Passage 9
（2023·江苏泰州·统考模拟预测）When yu enjy yur mrning cup f tea, yu are prbably nt aware that thse tea leaves can mean injury, r even death, fr Asian elephants wandering Indian tea gardens.
In the Indian state f Assam, grwing numbers f tea farms are destrying the Asian elephant’s habitats and endangering their ppulatin. Much f the frest land where tea is grwn in Assam is flat and thus farmers must dig drainage trenches r small channels t prevent water frm accumulating and hurting the plants. The trenches, hwever, can be death traps fr the elephants.
Since the elephants need t use tea plantatins as landmarks when traveling in frests, they almst unavidably have t mve thrugh the farms. Mrever, because there are fewer humans arund, pregnant females ften use tea-grwing areas as safe shelters t give birth. But baby elephants, still nt used t rugh grund may easily fall int the trenches and get hurt. Once injured, they might nt be able t climb ut. When mthers try t dig their babies ut, bth may be trapped in thick mud, even be killed. Furthermre, elephants are knwn t resist leaving their sick r dying behind, and a grup may stay at a trench with a trapped baby fr hurs, unwilling t mve n until all hpe is lst.
Is there pssibility fr elephants t live in harmny with the bming tea business? Elephant Friendly Tea is an rganizatin that takes the initiative t make it pssible. The rganizatin encurages cnsumers t chse brands that take an active part in elephants prtectin, and has established a certificatin prgram t reward tea grwers wh are ding it right. Until nw, nly smaller tea brands have been certified, but awareness is grwing. The rganizatin believes that peple may be encuraged t buy elephant-friendly brands when they knw mre abut the risk tea can cause t these endangered animals.
33．Why d farmers in Assam dig trenches?
A．T trap elephants.B．T mark bundaries.
C．T prtect tea trees.D．T expand tea farms.
34．What can we say abut baby elephants?
A．They get stuck by the sharp branches f the tea trees.
B．They have difficulty mving arund the uneven fields.
C．They might miss the landmarks while travelling in frests.
D．They fail t find a safe shelter when climbing ut f trenches.
35．What des “it” underlined in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Encuraging cnsumers t chse high-quality brands.
B．Rewarding tea grwers fr prtecting the envirnment.
C．Prmting elephant-friendly trenches and rganizatins.
D．Creating a win-win situatin fr elephants and tea farms.
36．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．The Trenches Pse Threats t Elephants
B．Habitat Lss Affects Endangered Animals
C．Grwth f Tea Gardens Benefits Plantatin
D．Farms Spnsr Envirnmental Organizatins
【答案】33．C 34．B 35．D 36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了茶叶种植对亚洲象的生存环境造成威胁及Elephant Friendly Tea组织为保证大象安全和茶叶生意的发展做出的努力。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Much f the frest land where tea is grwn in Assam is flat and thus farmers must dig drainage trenches r small channels t prevent water frm accumulating and hurting the plants.”（大部分阿萨姆邦种植茶叶的林地都是平坦的，因此农民必须挖排水沟或小渠道，以防止雨水积聚和伤害植物。）可知，茶农挖沟渠是为了避免雨水集聚而损害茶树。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But baby elephants, still nt used t rugh grund may easily fall int the trenches and get hurt.”（但是小象还不习惯粗糙的地面，很容易掉进沟渠里受伤。）可知，在不平整的地面上行走，小象面临许多困难，很容易掉进沟渠里。故选B项。
35．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Is there pssibility fr elephants t live in harmny with the bming tea business? Elephant Friendly Tea is an rganizatin that takes the initiative t make it pssible.”（大象有可能与蓬勃发展的茶业和谐相处吗?Elephant Friendly Tea是一个主动采取行动使it成为可能的组织。）可知，该组织采取行动，致力于保证大象安全和茶叶生意的发展，此处it指代上文提到的“elephants t live in harmny with the bming tea business”，即大象保护和茶业发展的双赢局面。故选D项。
36．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In the Indian state f Assam, grwing numbers f tea farms are destrying the Asian elephant’s habitats and endangering their ppulatin.”（在印度阿萨姆邦，越来越多的茶园正在破坏亚洲象的栖息地，并危及它们的数量。）及“The trenches, hwever, can be death traps fr the elephants.”（然而，沟渠对大象来说可能是死亡陷阱。）并结合下文茶农挖的沟渠对大象的具体危害的描述可知，本文主要介绍了茶叶种植尤其是茶园内的沟渠对亚洲象的生存环境造成了威胁。故选A项。
Passage 10
（2023·山东聊城·统考三模）Researchers at Nrth Carlina State University are prpsing an additinal white traffic light that will act as a sign t human drivers and passengers that they shuld fllw the lead f self-driving vehicles mving thrugh intersectins (十字路口).
Driving is fundamentally changing. In the future, human drivers will be sharing the rad with autnmus vehicles. The transitin t autnmus vehicles is prgressing with each passing year and humans are n lnger the nly nes sitting behind an autmbile’s steering wheel. This makes it urgent fr traffic lights with a furth clr t becme a reality.
The white traffic light wuld be equipped with wireless Bluetth technlgy and wuld engage when the number f autnmus vehicles driving n the rad at any given time exceeds a certain threshld (阈值). Autnmus vehicles wuld be in cmmunicatin with each ther and with the traffic lights at intersectins, within a certain range. Any human drivers in the mix wuld be infrmed t fllw the lead f the vehicle in frnt f them via the white light: stp if it stps, cntinue if it cntinues.
In simulatin mdels, autnmus vehicles were shwn t imprve traffic flw n their wn. The higher the percentage f autnmus vehicles at an intersectin, the faster the traffic mved, with imprvements f abut 40 t 99 percent in terms f ttal delay reductins pssible. “The white light can be used t crdinate (协调) traffic in any situatin invlving autnmus vehicles and tells human drivers what’s ging n, s that they knw what they are suppsed t d as they apprach the intersectin,” says civil engineer Ali Hajbabaie.
As an example, mst recently, Tesla’s prblematic full-self-driving vehicles have been at the frefrnt f public criticism after a car crashed int a fire truck. Cnsequently, the ptential risks linked t autnmus driving are what made Nrth Carlina State University researchers suggest adding a furth clr t traffic lights in the cming years.
37．What des the underlined wrd “This” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Strict traffic rules.
B．The upgrade f rad system.
C．Increasing autnmus vehicles.
D．The high cst f self-driving technlgy.
38．What des paragraph 3 mainly tell us abut the white traffic light?
A．Its signal meaning.B．Its wrking principle.
C．Its cmplex database.D．Its ptential applicatins.
39．What des Ali Hajbabaie cnvey in his wrds?
A．The white traffic light can help imprve the flw f traffic.
B．Autnmus vehicles are ptential threats t rad safety.
C．It is difficult fr elderly drivers t adapt t white traffic lights.
D．Peple had t be trained befre driving n the rads with white traffic lights.
40．Why des the authr mentin the example f Tesla in the last paragraph?
A．T stress the ppularity f driverless vehicles.
B．T prve the necessity f adding white traffic lights.
C．T call n the public t pay clse attentin t rad safety.
D．T present the hidden dangers f using white traffic lights.
【答案】37．C 38．B 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着驾驶正在发生根本性变化，研究人员提出了设立一个额外的白色交通信号灯，它将作为一个标志，告诉人类司机和乘客，他们应该跟随自动驾驶汽车通过十字路口。
37．词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Driving is fundamentally changing. In the future, human drivers will be sharing the rad with autnmus vehicles. The transitin t autnmus vehicles is prgressing with each passing year and humans are n lnger the nly nes sitting behind an autmbile’s steering wheel.This makes it urgent fr traffic lights with a furth clr t becme a reality. (驾驶正在发生根本性的变化。在未来，人类驾驶员将与自动驾驶汽车共享道路。向自动驾驶汽车的过渡每年都在推进，人类不再是唯一坐在汽车方向盘后面的人。这使得第四种颜色的交通信号灯迫切需要成为现实。)”可知，代词“this”指代的是上文提到的驾驶发生的变化，在未来，人类驾驶员将与自动驾驶汽车共享道路，道路上会不断增加自动驾驶汽车。故选C。
38．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The white traffic light wuld be equipped with wireless Bluetth technlgy and wuld engage when the number f autnmus vehicles driving n the rad at any given time exceeds a certain threshld (阈值). Autnmus vehicles wuld be in cmmunicatin with each ther and with the traffic lights at intersectins, within a certain range. Any human drivers in the mix wuld be infrmed t fllw the lead f the vehicle in frnt f them via the white light: stp if it stps, cntinue if it cntinues.(白色交通灯将配备无线蓝牙技术，当任何时间行驶在道路上的自动驾驶车辆数量超过一定阈值时，它就会启动。在一定范围内，自动驾驶汽车可以相互通信，也可以与十字路口的交通灯通信。车辆中的任何人类驾驶员都将被告知通过白灯跟随前面车辆的指示：如果它停下来，就停下来，如果它继续行驶，就继续行驶。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了白色交通灯运行的原理，故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““The white light can be used t crdinate (协调) traffic in any situatin invlving autnmus vehicles and tells human drivers what’s ging n, s that they knw what they are suppsed t d as they apprach the intersectin,” says civil engineer Ali Hajbabaie.(土木工程师Ali Hajbabaie说：“在任何涉及自动驾驶汽车的情况下，白色交通灯都可以用来协调交通，并告诉人类司机正在发生什么，这样他们就知道在接近十字路口时应该怎么做。”)”可知，Ali Hajbabaie认为白色交通灯可以帮助协调交通，从而使交通更顺畅。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As an example, mst recently, Tesla’s prblematic full-self-driving vehicles have been at the frefrnt f public criticism after a car crashed int a fire truck. Cnsequently, the ptential risks linked t autnmus driving are what made Nrth Carlina State University researchers suggest adding a furth clr t traffic lights in the cming years.(举个例子，最近，一辆特斯拉全自动驾驶汽车撞上一辆消防车后，成为公众批评的焦点。因此，与自动驾驶相关的潜在风险促使北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员建议在未来几年为交通信号灯增加第四种颜色。)”可知，文章举特斯拉的例子，是为了证明下文，也就是增加白色交通信号灯的必要性。故选B。