高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues精品同步训练题

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精练篇
Passage 1………………………………………………1
基础篇
Passage 2………………………………………………5
Passage 3………………………………………………7
Passage 4………………………………………………9
拔高篇
Passage 5………………………………………………10
Passage 6………………………………………………12
Passage 7………………………………………………14
精练篇
Passage 1
Cultivating kindness in daily life is essential fr persnal grwth and interpersnal harmny. 1 It enables us t build warm relatinships with thers and create a psitive scial atmsphere.
2 Fr example, we can bserve the emtins f family members, friends r even strangers, and ask if they need help when they lk trubled. Ignring thers’ needs will make kindness lse its fundatin.
3 Small actins like helping an elderly persn crss the rad, carrying grceries fr neighbrs, r vlunteering in cmmunity service can all shw ur kindness. These actins nt nly help thse in need but als strengthen ur sense f respnsibility.
4 Keeping prmises, telling the truth t thers, and admitting mistakes bravely are all small acts f hnesty that are clsely linked t kindness. A kind persn must first be a trustwrthy persn.
5 We can praise thers’ gd deeds, share kind stries with peple arund us, and encurage them t d gd things. In this way, kindness can spread widely and frm a psitive cycle.
A. Firstly, paying attentin t thers’ needs is the basic premise f cultivating kindness.
B. Besides, taking the initiative t lend a helping hand is an imprtant way t practice kindness.
C. Kindness is a precius virtue that everyne shuld pssess.
D. In additin, practicing small acts f hnesty is clsely cnnected with kindness.
E. Finally, passing n kindness t thers can make it spread cntinuusly.
F. Helping thers can bring us a sense f satisfactin and happiness.
G. We shuld always put thers’ interests abve ur wn.
一、重要词组拓展
cultivate kindness 培养善良品质
in daily life 在日常生活中
be essential fr 对…… 至关重要
persnal grwth 个人成长
interpersnal harmny 人际和谐
build warm relatinships 建立温暖的人际关系
create a psitive scial atmsphere 营造积极的社会氛围
bserve the emtins 观察情绪
lk trubled 看起来烦恼；面露愁容
ignre thers’ needs 忽视他人的需求
lse its fundatin 失去根基
take the initiative t 主动去做……
lend a helping hand 伸出援手
practice kindness 践行善良
help an elderly persn crss the rad 帮助老人过马路
carry grceries 拎杂货
vlunteer in cmmunity service 参与社区志愿服务
thse in need 有需要的人
strengthen the sense f respnsibility 增强责任感
keep prmises 信守承诺
tell the truth 说实话
admit mistakes bravely 勇敢承认错误
small acts f hnesty 诚信的小事
be clsely linked t 与…… 紧密相关
a trustwrthy persn 一个值得信赖的人
praise thers’ gd deeds 赞扬他人的善举
spread widely 广泛传播
frm a psitive cycle 形成良性循环
二、语法重点讲解与例句
1. 动名词作主语
用法解析：动名词（v.-ing 形式）作句子主语时，表抽象、泛指的动作或行为，谓语动词需用单数形式。
语篇原句：Cultivating kindness in daily life is essential fr persnal grwth and interpersnal harmny.
（在日常生活中培养善良品质，对个人成长和人际和谐至关重要。）
Keeping prmises, telling the truth t thers, and admitting mistakes bravely are all small acts f hnesty that are clsely linked t kindness.
（信守承诺、坦诚待人、勇敢承认错误，都是与善良紧密相关的诚信小事。）
解析：多个动名词短语并列作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
拓展例句：
Reading mre bks is a gd way t enrich yur knwledge.
（多读书是丰富知识的好方法。）
Running in the mrning and jgging in the evening are my favrite sprts.
（晨跑和夜跑是我最喜欢的运动。）
2. 不定式作后置定语
用法解析：不定式（t d）作后置定语，修饰前面的抽象名词（如 way, premise, methd 等），用来解释名词的具体内容，常译为 “…… 的方式 / 前提 / 方法”。
语篇原句：
Firstly, paying attentin t thers’ needs is the basic premise t cultivate kindness.
（首先，关注他人需求是培养善良品质的基本前提。）
Besides, taking the initiative t lend a helping hand is an imprtant way t practice kindness.
（此外，主动伸出援手是践行善良的重要方式。）
拓展例句：
She has fund a gd way t slve the prblem.
（她找到了一个解决问题的好方法。）
The best chance t learn English well is t practice it every day.
（学好英语的最佳机会就是每天练习。）
3. 介词短语作后置定语
用法解析：介词短语（介词 + 名词 / 动名词）作后置定语，修饰前面的名词，用来限定名词的范围或属性，常译为 “…… 的”。
语篇原句：
Small actins like helping an elderly persn crss the rad can all shw ur kindness.
（像帮助老人过马路这样的小事，都能体现我们的善良。）
These are small acts f hnesty that are clsely linked t kindness.
（这些都是与善良紧密相关的诚信小事。）
拓展例句
The girl in a red dress is my deskmate.
（穿红裙子的女孩是我的同桌。）
I have a great interest in playing basketball.
（我对打篮球有浓厚的兴趣。）
4. that 引导的定语从句
用法解析：关系代词 that 引导限制性定语从句，指代事物（如 actins, acts），在从句中可作主语或宾语。当先行词被 small, all, every 等词修饰时，常用 that 引导定语从句。
语篇原句：
Keeping prmises, telling the truth t thers, and admitting mistakes bravely are all small acts f hnesty that are clsely linked t kindness.
（信守承诺、坦诚待人、勇敢承认错误，都是与善良紧密相关的诚信小事。）
解析：that 指代先行词 small acts f hnesty，在从句中作主语。
解题技巧总结：
① 抓主旨：先通读语篇，锁定核心话题（如本文“培养善良品质的路径”）和语篇结构（总-分），明确各段分论点方向，排除与主旨无关的选项（如本题中未涉及“牺牲个人利益”的G项）。
② 找衔接：重点关注衔接词（firstly, besides, in additin, finally等），根据逻辑关系（并列、递进）匹配选项，如本题通过“besides”锁定递进关系的B项，通过“finally”判断总结性的E项。
③ 匹配细节：关注核心词复现（如“thers’ needs”“helping hand”“hnesty”“passing n kindness”）和代词指代（如第1空C项“it”指代前文“cultivating kindness”），确保选项与前后文的细节表述高度契合，避免语义脱节。
初级篇
Passage 2
Famus qutes abut virtue are the crystallizatin f human wisdm and have prfund guiding significance fr ur life. 1 They can inspire us t pursue gdness and imprve ur mral standards.
2 As the ancient Chinese saying ges, “A persn f virtue is respected by all.” This qute tells us that virtue is the fundatin f persnal charm. Peple with nble virtues are always welcmed and admired by thers.
3 Fr example, the saying “Hnesty is the best plicy” reminds us that hnesty is a basic virtue. Only by being hnest can we gain thers’ trust and build lng-term relatinships.
4 Just as the philspher said, “Kindness is the light that illuminates the wrld.” Kindness can warm peple’s hearts and make the wrld a better place. We shuld always keep kindness in ur hearts.
5 By learning and understanding these virtue qutes, we can cnstantly imprve urselves and becme better peple.
A. Firstly, virtue is the fundatin f persnal charm.
B. Secndly, hnesty is a basic virtue that everyne shuld uphld.
C. These qutes cver varius aspects f virtue, such as kindness, hnesty and integrity.
D. Thirdly, kindness is a precius virtue that can warm the wrld.
E. Many famus peple have expressed their views n virtue thrugh qutes.
F. Virtue qutes can als help us slve prblems in daily life.
G. Hnesty can help us win mre friends and pprtunities.
词汇词组积累
famus qutes - 名人名言
human wisdm - 人类智慧
crystallizatin f wisdm - 智慧的结晶
guiding significance - 指导意义
mral standards - 道德标准
persn f virtue - 有德行的人
persnal charm - 个人魅力
nble virtues - 高尚美德
basic virtue - 基本美德
best plicy - 最佳策略
thers' trust - 他人的信任
lng-term relatinships - 长期关系
illuminates the wrld - 照亮世界
warm peple's hearts - 温暖人们的心灵
make the wrld better - 让世界更美好
cnstantly imprve urselves - 不断提升自我
becme better peple - 成为更好的人
help us slve prblems - 帮助我们解决问题
易混淆词汇辨析
virtue (美德) vs mral (道德的)
hnesty (诚实) vs integrity (正直)
inspire (激励) vs encurage (鼓励)
Passage 3
Kindness is cntagius and can be passed frm ne persn t anther, bringing warmth t the wrld. 1 Every small act f kindness may start a chain reactin f gdness.
2 On a rainy mrning, a yung man shared his umbrella with an ld lady wh frgt t bring ne. The ld lady was deeply mved and, when she gt hme, made a cup f ht tea fr the delivery by wh was saked t the skin.
3 A student helped an elderly vendr pick up scattered fruits n the street. Later, this vendr gave a free fruit t a little girl wh was crying because she was lst. The little girl’s mther, in turn, helped a neighbr fix a brken windw.
4 A kind-hearted persn dnated bks t a rural primary schl. Inspired by this, the students in the schl started a “bk sharing” activity and gave their extra bks t children in prer areas.
5 These stries tell us that kindness is nt difficult. As lng as we are willing t give a little lve, the wrld will becme a better place.
A. The first stry happened n a rainy day and warmed tw peple’s hearts.
B. Anther tuching stry tk place n a busy street.
C. Kindness can be passed n in many different scenaris.
D. A stry abut helping thers thrugh bk dnatin als shws the pwer f kindness.
E. Many peple are willing t pass n kindness after receiving it.
F. The delivery by was very grateful fr the ld lady’s kindness.
G. Rural children are in great need f bks and care.
词汇词组积累
is cntagius - 具有传染性的
can be passed - 可以被传递
bringing warmth - 带来温暖
start a chain reactin - 开始连锁反应
shared his umbrella - 分享雨伞
frgt t bring - 忘记带
was deeply mved - 被深深感动
made ht tea - 泡热茶
was saked t the skin - 浑身湿透
helped pick up - 帮助捡起
scattered fruits - 散落的水果
gave a free fruit - 免费给水果
was crying because - 因为... 哭泣
was lst - 迷路了
in turn - 反过来
helped fix - 帮助修理
brken windw - 破碎的窗户
dnated bks - 捐赠书籍
inspired by this - 受此启发
started an activity - 开始活动
gave extra bks - 给多余的书
are willing t give - 愿意给予
will becme better - 会变得更好
are willing t pass n - 愿意传递
易混淆词汇辨析
cntagius (情感传染) vs infectius (疾病传染)
dnate (正式捐赠) vs give (普通给予)
rural (乡村的) vs urban (城市的)
Passage 4
Establishing mral nrms n campus is crucial fr creating a psitive learning envirnment and cultivating students’ gd character. 1 It helps students develp gd habits and becme respnsible citizens.
2 Fr example, students shuld respect teachers and classmates, listen carefully in class, and nt interrupt thers’ speeches. Respecting thers is the basic requirement f campus mral nrms.
3 We shuld keep the campus clean and tidy, take gd care f public facilities such as desks, chairs and bks, and nt litter r damage public prperty. Prtecting the campus envirnment is everyne’s respnsibility.
4 Schls can carry ut mral educatin activities such as theme classes and virtue lectures, and set up reward systems t encurage students t abide by mral nrms. These measures can effectively prmte the implementatin f campus mral nrms.
5 Only by abiding by campus mral nrms tgether can we build a harmnius and psitive campus.
A. Firstly, respecting thers is an imprtant part f campus mral nrms.
B. Secndly, prtecting the campus envirnment and public prperty is als required.
C. Campus mral nrms include many aspects f student behavir.
D. Thirdly, schls shuld take effective measures t prmte the implementatin f mral nrms.
E. Students shuld cnsciusly abide by campus mral nrms.
F. Respecting teachers can help imprve the teaching effect.
G. Damaging public prperty will bring lsses t the schl.
词汇词组积累
establishing mral nrms - 建立道德规范
creating a psitive envirnment - 创造积极环境
cultivating gd character - 培养良好品格
develp gd habits - 养成良好习惯
becme respnsible citizens - 成为负责任的公民
respect teachers and classmates - 尊重老师和同学
listen carefully in class - 课堂上认真听讲
nt interrupt thers' speeches - 不打断他人发言
keep the campus clean and tidy - 保持校园整洁
take gd care f public facilities - 爱护公共设施
nt litter r damage - 不乱扔垃圾或损坏
carry ut mral educatin activities - 开展德育活动
set up reward systems - 建立奖励制度
encurage students t abide by - 鼓励学生遵守
effectively prmte the implementatin - 有效促进实施
abide by mral nrms - 遵守道德规范
build a harmnius campus - 建设和谐校园
易混淆词汇辨析
nrm (规范) vs standard (标准)
cultivate (培养) vs develp (发展)
abide by (遵守) vs fllw (遵循)
高级篇
Passage 5
Virtue is nt nly a persnal quality but als a crnerstne f scial harmny, pssessing dual significance fr persnal grwth and scial develpment. 1 Its influence can be felt in bth individual life and the peratin f the whle sciety.
Fr persnal grwth, virtue is the driving frce fr self-imprvement. 2 A persn with nble virtues such as hnesty, kindness and perseverance is mre likely t gain thers’ trust, establish gd interpersnal relatinships, and thus have mre pprtunities fr develpment. On the cntrary, lack f virtue may lead t wrng chices and hinder persnal prgress.
Fr scial harmny, virtue is an indispensable bnd. 3 When mst peple in a sciety uphld virtues such as respect, tlerance and mutual assistance, cnflicts will be reduced, and peple will live in peace and harmny. Fr example, in cmmunities where residents help each ther, the sense f happiness and belnging is significantly enhanced.
4 Sme peple may think that virtue is utdated in mdern sciety, but in fact, with the develpment f sciety, the need fr virtue is mre urgent. In an era f fierce cmpetitin, virtue can help us maintain humanistic care and avid utilitarian excess.
5 We shuld inherit and carry frward traditinal virtues, integrate them int daily life, and let virtue becme the cmmn pursuit f all peple, thus prmting persnal prgress and scial prsperity.
A. It helps individuals establish crrect values and make ratinal decisins.
B. Virtue plays an irreplaceable rle in maintaining scial stability.
C. The dual significance f virtue is reflected in many aspects.
D. Hwever, there are sme misunderstandings abut virtue in mdern sciety.
E. Scial harmny cannt be achieved withut the supprt f virtue.
F. Virtue can als help peple adapt t the cmpetitive scial envirnment.
G. Inheriting virtues is the respnsibility f every citizen in mdern sciety.
词汇词组积累
persnal quality - 个人品质
crnerstne f scial harmny - 社会和谐的基石
dual significance - 双重意义
persnal grwth - 个人成长
scial develpment - 社会发展
driving frce - 驱动力
self-imprvement - 自我提升
nble virtues - 高尚美德
interpersnal relatinships - 人际关系
pprtunities fr develpment - 发展机会
wrng chices - 错误选择
persnal prgress - 个人进步
indispensable bnd - 不可或缺的纽带
scial harmny - 社会和谐
sense f happiness - 幸福感
sense f belnging - 归属感
fierce cmpetitin - 激烈竞争
humanistic care - 人文关怀
utilitarian excess - 功利主义过度
traditinal virtues - 传统美德
cmmn pursuit - 共同追求
scial prsperity - 社会繁荣
crrect values - 正确价值观
ratinal decisins - 理性决定
scial stability - 社会稳定
mutual assistance - 互助
易混淆词汇辨析
virtue (美德) vs mrality (道德)
significance (意义) vs imprtance (重要性)
inherit (继承) vs carry frward (发扬)
Passage 6
In life, we ften encunter mral dilemmas that test ur values and integrity. When facing such dilemmas, we shuld adhere t virtue and make the right chices. 1 Wrng chices may bring temprary benefits, but will eventually damage ur reputatin and mral bttm line.
The first principle f making the right chice in mral dilemmas is t adhere t the bttm line f hnesty. 2 Fr example, when finding a wallet with mney, we shuld return it t the wner instead f taking it fr urselves; when taking an exam, we shuld nt cheat even if there is a chance t d s. Hnesty is the fundatin f all mral chices.
Secndly, we shuld cnsider the impact f ur chices n thers and sciety. 3 A mral chice shuld nt nly be beneficial t urselves but als take the interests f thers int accunt. Fr instance, when chsing a jb, we shuld nt take unfair means t cmpete with thers, as this will harm the interests f thers and disrupt the scial rder.
4 We can learn frm mral mdels, read virtue stries, and strengthen ur mral cultivatin. Only by imprving ur mral awareness can we make crrect judgments when facing dilemmas.
5 In the prcess f pursuing persnal interests, we must nt frget mral principles. Only by making mral chices can we gain true respect and achieve lng-term develpment.
A. Adhering t hnesty can help us gain lng-term trust and respect.
B. T make crrect mral chices, we als need t strengthen mral cultivatin.
C. Making the right mral chice is crucial fr maintaining persnal integrity.
D. Cnsidering the interests f thers is an imprtant criterin fr mral chices.
E. Many peple have made wrng chices in mral dilemmas fr temprary benefits.
F. Mral mdels can set a gd example fr us t make crrect chices.
G. The impact f mral chices n sciety shuld nt be ignred.
词汇词组积累
mral dilemmas - 道德困境
values and integrity - 价值观和诚信
temprary benefits - 暂时利益
reputatin - 声誉
mral bttm line - 道德底线
bttm line f hnesty - 诚实底线
interests f thers - 他人利益
scial rder - 社会秩序
mral mdels - 道德模范
virtue stries - 美德故事
mral cultivatin - 道德修养
mral awareness - 道德意识
persnal interests - 个人利益
mral principles - 道德原则
true respect - 真正的尊重
lng-term develpment - 长期发展
persnal integrity - 个人诚信
encunter dilemmas - 遇到困境
adhere t virtue - 坚守美德
make chices - 做出选择
damage reputatin - 损害声誉
return t wner - 归还给主人
take fr urselves - 据为己有
cheat n exam - 考试作弊
cnsider impact - 考虑影响
take int accunt - 考虑，顾及
harm interests - 损害利益
disrupt rder - 扰乱秩序
learn frm mdels - 向模范学习
strengthen cultivatin - 加强修养
imprve awareness - 提高意识
gain respect - 获得尊重
achieve develpment - 实现发展
易混淆词汇辨析
dilemma (困境) vs difficulty (困难)
integrity (诚信) vs hnesty (诚实)
benefit (利益) vs interest (利益)
Passage 7
Virtue culture, as an imprtant part f human civilizatin, has bth cmmnalities and differences between China and freign cuntries. 1 Understanding these cmmnalities and differences helps prmte crss-cultural cmmunicatin and mutual learning.
2 Fr example, bth Chinese and Western cultures regard kindness, hnesty and respect fr thers as basic virtues. In China, there is the idea f “benevlence”, while in Western culture, there is the cncept f “charity”, bth f which emphasize caring fr thers.
3 Fr instance, in Chinese culture, filial piety is a cre virtue that emphasizes respecting and caring fr parents and elders. In Western culture, the fcus is mre n individual independence, and the expressin f filial piety is mre abut respecting parents’ chices rather than blind bedience.
4 In Chinese virtue culture, the sense f cllective respnsibility is emphasized, and individuals are encuraged t cntribute t the family, cmmunity and cuntry. In cntrast, Western virtue culture pays mre attentin t individual integrity and the realizatin f persnal value.
5 We shuld respect the differences and learn frm each ther’s strengths, s that virtue culture can play a greater rle in prmting human prgress.
A. The cmmnalities f Chinese and freign virtue cultures lie in the recgnitin f basic gd qualities.
B. Hwever, there are bvius differences in the expressin and fcus f virtue between Chinese and freign cultures.
C. Filial piety is a unique virtue in Chinese culture.
D. Anther difference is reflected in the emphasis n cllective and individual interests.
E. Virtue culture varies frm cuntry t cuntry due t different histrical and cultural backgrunds.
F. Basic virtues such as kindness and hnesty are universally recgnized in human sciety.
G. Crss-cultural cmmunicatin can help prmte the develpment f virtue culture.
词汇词组积累
virtue culture - 美德文化
human civilizatin - 人类文明
cmmnalities and differences - 共性与差异
crss-cultural cmmunicatin - 跨文化交流
mutual learning - 互相学习
basic virtues - 基本美德
Chinese culture - 中国文化
Western culture - 西方文化
idea f benevlence - 仁爱思想
cncept f charity - 慈善概念
filial piety - 孝道
cre virtue - 核心美德
individual independence - 个人独立
cllective respnsibility - 集体责任
individual integrity - 个人诚信
persnal value - 个人价值
histrical backgrunds - 历史背景
cultural backgrunds - 文化背景
易混淆词汇辨析
culture (文化) vs civilizatin (文明)
cmmnality (共性) vs similarity (相似性)
benevlence (仁爱) vs charity (慈善)