2026年高考英语（外研版）一轮复习配套课件 5 形容词和副词

第二节　形容词和副词第二讲　名词、形容词和副词考点一　形容词和副词的用法1.形容词(1)形容词用法修饰名词作定语;跟在系动词后作表语;跟在宾语后作宾补;还可用作状语,说明主语的情况。I feel 　　　　　　because this school differs in many ways from my previous one,is much bigger and more dynamic than I expected.(北师大必一U1) 我感到很兴奋,因为这所学校在很多方面都与我以前的学校不同,比我想象的要大得多,也更有活力。excitedHe left,leaving me 　　　　　　in the room. 他离开了,把我一个人留在房间里。Some people stopped swimming in the sea,　　　　　　 the horrible creature from the film.(外研必二U6) 由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕的生物,有些人不去海里游泳了。aloneafraid of(2)词性转换(3)由动词的-ing形式或过去分词转化成的形容词这类形容词对应的动词多为及物动词,含有“使人……”的含义,其中与人的情感相关的动词尤为常见,如excite(使人兴奋)、interest(使人感兴趣)等。此类动词形成的-ing形容词和-ed形容词具有不同的特点:[点拨]　有些不及物动词的过去分词或动词-ing形式也可转化成形容词,如fallen(落下的)、falling(正在下落的)。2.副词副词在句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。He noticed that the saucer was an antique and very valuable,so he walked 　　　　(casual) into the store and 　　　　　　(innocent) offered to buy the cat for 20 dollars.(北师大选二U4) 他注意到浅碟是件古董,很值钱,于是他漫不经心地走进店里,装作若无其事地想用20美元买那只猫。casuallyinnocently　　　　　　 (fortunate)there were some people waiting to cross at the traffic light,so they quickly ran over to the car and checked that the driver was fine,and then pushed the car back onto its wheels.(北师大选二U4) 幸运的是,当时有一些人正在红绿灯前等待过马路,所以他们很快跑到车旁,确认司机无恙后,然后把车扶正。Fortunately考点二　形容词变副词的规则People might 　　　　　　(gentle) mock people in positions of power “my boss can’t run a bath,let alone this company!”(北师大选二U4) 人们可能会温和地嘲笑位高权重的人“我的老板连浴室都开不了,更别说运营这家公司了!”When Helen got her new ballet shoes,she smiled,put them on and danced around 　　　　　　(happy).(北师大选二U4) 当海伦拿到她的新芭蕾舞鞋时,她笑了,高兴地穿上新鞋跳起舞来。gentlyhappilyThis famous attraction,Yuzui,together with two other important parts,namely,Feishayan and Baopingkou,was (scientific) designed to control the water flow throughout the year.(人教选四U2) 这个著名的景点“鱼嘴”,连同另外两个重要的部分,即“飞沙岩”和“保平口”,都是为了控制全年的水流量而科学设计的。scientifically考点三　形容词和副词的比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er和-est构成,如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表:②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more和most构成。active—more active—most activehappily—more happily—most happily[点拨]　①有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:common、handsome、quiet、pleasant、cruel、stupid、secure和以-ow、-er结尾的词。②有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right、wrong、excellent、complete、empty、first、wooden、final、east、last等。(2)不规则变化2.比较等级的常用句型(1)同级比较:“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”,其否定形式是“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”。Body language is 　　　　　　　　　words in communicating with other people.(人教选一U4) 在与他人交流时,肢体语言与言语同样重要。as important as(2)比较级:“形容词/副词的比较级+than”;“more/less+多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any、much、even、far、by far、a lot、a great deal等。Features are “people stories”,and are typically 　　　　　　standard news stories.(外研必一U3) 特写是“人物故事”,通常比标准新闻故事要长。longer than(3)最高级:“the+形容词的最高级(+名词)+比较范围(in/of/among短语)”;“one of the+形容词的最高级+名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far、almost以及序数词等。The first of the poets coming there was Robert Southey,one of 　　　　　　　　　　　 poets of his time.(外研选三U6) 第一个来到这里的诗人是罗伯特·索塞,他是那个时代最受尊敬的诗人之一。the most respected(4)“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more/less and less+原级”表示“越来越……”。When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky will be getting 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(译林选二U4) 当大量的客运无人机在我们的城市上空飞行时,天空将变得越来越拥挤。more and more crowded(5)“the+比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级+主语+谓语”,表示“越……就越……”。　　　　　　　　　 you know about our traditional culture,　　　　　　　　　 you are interested in it. 你对我们的传统文化了解得越多,你就对它越感兴趣。(6)“the+比较级+of (the)+名词/代词”,表示“(两者中)较……的”。Of the two cameras,I would prefer 　　　　　　　　　　　　, which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机中,我喜欢较小的那个,对我来说它很容易携带。The morethe morethe smaller one3.比较级表达最高级含义(1)“否定词+比较级”或“否定词+such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。Nothing could be 　　　　　　if someone offered to help them. 如果有人主动提出帮助他们,那就再好不过了。better(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义:·比较级+than+any other+单数名词·比较级+than+all the other+复数名词·比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词The Yangtze River is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers4.倍数表达法常见的倍数表达法句型主要有:(1)A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B(2)A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B(3)A+is+倍数+the+名词(size、length、height等)+of+B(4)the+名词(size、length、height 等)+of+A+is+倍数+that+of+B(5)A+is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句Its profits are rising 　　　　　　　　　　　  the average company.其利润正以快于一般公司4倍的速度增长。four times faster than1.根据句子成分判断是形容词还是副词(1)若句子缺定语、表语或补语,要首先想到用形容词。(2)当设空处作状语时,要首先考虑填副词。【典例1】　The 　　　　(evident) growing Chinese online literature in overseas markets offers a totally new worldwide lens into understanding China. 答案　evidently　[此处作状语修饰growing,应用副词形式,故填evidently。]【典例2】　Kunqu Opera is considered China’s oldest opera form and one of the most 　　　　(influence) theatrical traditions. 答案　influential　[此处修饰名词traditions,需用形容词作定语,故填influential。]2.看到与than连用,要想到用比较级【典例1】　The AI inspection,powered by cameras,drones (无人机) and walking robots,is capable of completing a task in 　　　　(little) than five minutes. 答案　less　[根据空后的than可知,空处应用比较级,little的比较级是less,构成短语less than,意为“少于”。故填less。]【典例2】　After a few months,we all felt that we had been able to build much 　　　　(strong) relationships with the family than we had before. 答案　stronger　[根据句中的比较级标志词than可知,本句应用比较级,表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较,much用于修饰比较级。]3.看到and、but、or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式,要想到用比较等级【典例】　They were also the best and 　　　　(bad) years in my life.(全国Ⅲ卷) 答案　worst　[由并列连词and前面的“the best”可知,此处应用形容词的最高级形式。]4.看到语境中暗含的比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)【典例】　After our plane landed,we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 　　　　(early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. 答案　earlier　[由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前,故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了,故用比较级earlier。]5.看到下列固定搭配,要想到用比较等级(1)the+比较级...,the+比较级...【典例1】　The 　　　　　(hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit. 答案　harder　[分析句子结构可知,此句为“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句式,表示“越……,就越……”。故填harder。](2)the+最高级+标志性词语或从句【典例2】　My mum makes the 　　　　　　(good) biscuits in the world,so I decided to ask her for help. 答案　best　[此处前面有the,后面有表示范围的“in the world”,所以应该用形容词的最高级。]层级一　模拟达标练1.Nearly 4,000 unearthed cultural relics are displayed in the museum. More than three quarters of these have never been 　　　　(public) exhibited before.(2025·山东名校考试联盟高三二模) 2.One of the 　　　　　　　　(remarkable) features of Chinese opera is its integration (融合) of singing,dancing,acting,and acrobatics.(2025·保定九县高三三模)  publiclymost remarkable3.The Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo,once struggling to sustain its 　　　　　　(survive),has undergone a remarkable turnaround.(2025·济宁高三二模) 4.“This reflected the company’s 　　　　　　　　(commit) to helping children believe in themselves through sports,” it said.(2025·邯郸高三二模) 5.Due to temperature rise and safety concerns,the 　　　　　　(huge) popular Harbin Ice and Snow World dropped its curtain on Thursday evening.(2025·榆林高三三模) survivalcommitmenthugely6.Lanterns with modern themes such as cartoon characters,cultural trends and online games are gaining 　　　　　　(popular) among young people.(2025·南昌高三二模) 7.Northern China experiences cold,and dry winters,and hot summers, making calories and salt replacement even (important).(2025·三门峡高三三模) 8.The task aimed to develop students’ 　　　　　　(innovation) thinking.(2025·广西柳州高三三模) popularitymore importantinnovative9.Parts of Asia are now going through a 　　　　　　(rapid) aging farmer population and a fear of food 　　　　　(short).(2025·芜湖高三模拟) 10.The changing of 　　　　　　(face) make-ups and colors reflects a 　　　　　　　(character) mood—red representing anger and black extreme fury.(2025·宁德高三三模) rapidlyshortagefacialcharacter’s层级二　高考真题练1.The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 　　　　　　(function) structure that is also beautiful.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 2.In cold weather,the structure stays 　　　　　　　  (close) to protect the plants.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)3.They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 　　　　　　(complete) of their journey.(2024·全国甲卷) functionalclosedcompletion4.Yellowstone was the 　　　　　　(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.(2024·全国甲卷) 5.These plants included modern Western 　　　　　　　(favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 6.Although they could never have met,there are common (theme) in their works.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) largestfavouritesthemes7.Since June 2017,right before the 　　　　(arrive) of the two new pandas,Meng Meng and Jiao Qing,I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence) speaking English.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 8.So,what are they learning?　　　　　　 (basic),how to describe a panda’s life.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) arrivalconfidentBasically9.Xiao long bao (soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot,　　　　　　 (taste) soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 10.Beijing is also a place with 21st-century architectural(wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.(2023·全国乙卷改编) tastywonders层级三　语篇提能练(2023·浙江1月卷改编)During China’s 1.　　　　　　(dynasty) period,emperors planned the city of Beijing and arranged the residential areas according to social 2.　　　　　　(class).The term “hutong”, 3.___________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian,appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes were permitted to live 4.________ (close) to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and 5.　　　　　　(wealth)businessmen often featured 6.　　　　　(beautiful) carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子).The hutongs they formed were orderly,lined by 7.______ (space) homes and walled gardens.Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 8.　　　　　　(simple) in design and decoration,and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important 9.　　　　　　(culture) element of the city of Beijing.Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic 10.　　　　　　(event).In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace,and the Temple of Heaven,the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers. 答案　1.dynastic　[考查形容词。根据空后的名词period可知,此处需用形容词作定语,故填dynastic。]2.classes　[考查名词的数。class意为“阶级,阶层”,为可数名词,其前无冠词修饰,故填classes。]3.originally　[考查副词。mean为动词,需用副词修饰,作状语,故填originally。]4.closer　[考查比较等级。句意:较高社会阶层的人“被允许”居住在离同心圆的中心即紫禁城更近的地方。故此处需用比较级,故填closer。]5.wealthy　[考查形容词。修饰名词businessmen,应用形容词作定语,故填wealthy。]6.beautifully　[考查副词。feature为动词,需用副词修饰,故填beautifully。]7.spacious　[考查形容词。空处修饰名词homes,应用形容词,故填spacious。]8.simpler/more simple　[考查比较等级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应,表示在设计和装饰方面更简单,故填simpler/more simple。]9.cultural　[考查形容词。此处需用形容词作定语修饰element,故填cultural。]10.events　[考查名词的数。此处表示几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有些还和历史事件有关。event “事件”,是可数名词,其前无冠词修饰,且根据句意可知,历史事件肯定不止一件,故填events。]