2026年高考英语（外研版）一轮复习配套课件 1 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致

第一节　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致第一讲　动词考点一　动词的时态1.3种热考时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词(always、often、usually、sometimes、every day/week/month/year、frequently、once/twice a week等)或表示现在的时间状语连用。A typhoon is an extremely strong wind which/that often (happen) in the Western Pacific Ocean.(人教必一U4) 台风是一种极强的风,经常发生在西太平洋。happensLife 　　　　　　(throw)many alternatives at us on a daily basis.(外研选四U1) 生活每天都会向我们抛出许多选择。②表示客观事实、普遍真理或名言警句。Distance 　　　　　　(test)a horse’s strength. 路遥知马力。[点拨]　在主从复合句中,当从句表达的是客观事实或普遍真理时,即使主句时态为一般过去时,从句时态仍用一般现在时。throwstestsMonths ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which is the Pacific,and we met no storms. 几个月前,我们在太平洋这片开阔的海域航行了一万英里,没有遇到风暴。③少数表示位置移动的动词,如come、go、leave、arrive、start、begin、take place、take off等,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。The train 　　　　　　(leave) at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天早上六点出发。leaves④在时间、条件、让步以及方式状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So far,it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they 　　　　　　(grow) up.(北师大选三U9) 到目前为止,还不知道“中中”和“华华”长大后会发生什么。Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life whatever the future 　　　　　　(hold).(外研选三U6) 无论未来如何,简下定决心都要过充实的生活。growholds(2)一般过去时①表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语(yesterday、last year、last night、the other day、just now、then、two days ago、in 1999、at that time等)连用。In fact,we 　　　　　　(stay)at the same campsite as we did ten years ago.(外研必一U3) 事实上,我们仍然待在和十年前一样的营地。stayed②表示过去经常、反复发生的动作,常与always、often、sometimes、as usual等连用。I 　　　　　　(be)always tired and every workout (have)a mental intensity that seemed too much for most to handle.(北师大选一U2) 我总是疲惫不堪,每次锻炼带来的心理压力对于大多数人来说都难以应对。washad③在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。He had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it 　　　　　(be) over.(北师大选四U11) 他在英国工作过几年,受够了这场战争,如果战争结束,他会很高兴。was④want、wonder、think、hope等少数几个动词可用一般过去时来表示“过去原本……”。I 　　　　　　(think) China would be very crowded,given its large population.(人教选二U4) 考虑到中国人口众多,我原以为中国会非常拥挤。thought⑤一般过去时的常用固定句式·It is (high/about)time that...意为“是……的时候了”,从句中可用一般过去时,也可用“should+动词原形”,且 should不可省略。It is high time that we 　　　　　　　　　　(take) action without delay. 现在是我们立即采取行动的时候了。took/should take·since引导时间状语从句时,从句时态常用一般过去时。Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it _______(host)hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.(外研选四U3) 自2017年丝绸之路国际文化博览会接待了来自51个国家的数百名代表以来,敦煌再次成为全球的交汇点。hosted·It was+时间段+before...意为“过了多长时间后才……”,从句时态用一般过去时。However,it was several months before her ankle (recover)and she found walking easy again.(人教选二U5) 然而,几个月后,她的脚踝才恢复正常,她终于又能轻松走路了。recovered(3)现在完成时①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时刚刚完成的动作。常与recently、lately、up to/till now、so far、in the past/last few months/years...等连用。Recently,I 　　　　　　　(manage)to become a more active learner.(北师大必三U9) 最近,我成功地成为一个更积极的学习者。have managed②表示从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for...”“since...”等表述的时间状语连用。Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother,I 　　　　　　　　(enjoy)food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!(外研必二U1) 我在英国长大,父亲是英国人,母亲是中国人。自我能拿起刀叉还有筷子时,我就一直享受这两个国家的食物![点拨]　在条件和时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来完成时。have enjoyed③现在完成时的常用固定句式·“This/It is the first/second...time+ that...”句型中,从句用现在完成时。This is the first time that I 　　　　　　(speak) at the meeting. 这是我第一次在会上发言。·“This/It is the+形容词最高级+名词+that...”句型中,从句用现在完成时。This is the best song that I 　　　　　　ever 　　　　　　(hear). 这是我听过的最好听的一首歌曲。have spokenhaveheard·“It is/has been+时间段+since...”句型中,since引导的从句用一般过去时(注意从句动词翻译)。It 　　　　　　　(be) five years since he began to smoke.(从句谓语动词为非延续性动词或动词词组) 自从他开始吸烟已经5年了。It 　　　　　　(be) five years since he smoked.(从句谓语动词为延续性动词或动词词组) 他不抽烟已经5年了。is/has beenis/has been一般过去时和现在完成时的区别2.过去完成时和现在完成进行时(1)过去完成时①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he 　　　　　　　(become)a publisher.(译林选二U1) 普利策很快成为一名成功的记者,25 岁时,他已成为一名出版商。had become②在“hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,且常用部分倒装,从句用一般过去时,意为“刚……就……”。Hardly 　　　　　　　　　the top of the mountain when we enjoyed an awesome view of the whole city. 我们刚爬到山顶,就欣赏到了整个城市的壮丽景色。had we reached③某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法,意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有:expect、hope、plan、suppose、think、intend、mean、want等。Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learnt no other way.I discovered that I had a strong will,and more discipline than I 　　　　　　　(expect). 失败让我了解了自己,这是我无法从其他途径学到的。我发现自己有坚强的意志和超乎想象的自律。had expected④在“It/This was the first(second,etc.) time+that从句”句型中,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。Though it was the first time many of the students 　　　　　　(take) part in a volunteer programme like this,they were eager to share various interesting topics with the residents,such as how to use mobile phones and go online on the computer.(译林选二U1) 虽然这是许多学生第一次参加这样的志愿者项目,但他们渴望与居民分享各种有趣的话题,例如如何使用手机和在电脑上上网。had taken一般过去时和过去完成时的区别(2)现在完成进行时①表示开始于过去某个时间,一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成,也可能继续进行下去。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性,多用于延续性动词。常与these days、recently、lately、in the past/last+时间段; since+时间点; for+时间段等连用。The Brownlee brothers 　　　　　　　　　(do)triathlons since they were children.(外研必一U3) 布朗利兄弟从小就参加铁人三项。have been doing②表示重复性动作,有时其所表示的动作并不是一直在进行,而是时断时续、反复发生,此时可用终止性动词。Even if you 　　　　　　　　　　(study) for a long time and feeling sleepy and bored,laughing can make you feel energised as if you had just had a nap!(北师大选二U4) 即使你学习了很长时间,感到困倦无聊,大笑也会让你感到精力充沛,就像刚睡了一觉一样!have been studying现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较3.现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时(1)现在进行时①表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。Grandfather and Father,seated at the table, 　　　　　　(play) chess.(外研必一U3) 爷爷和爸爸坐在桌子旁下棋。are playing②某些表示位置移动的动词,如go、come、leave、arrive、start、move等,可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。I 　　　　　　　　(travel)around Europe for two weeks with my aunt and uncle.(人教必一U2) 我要和我的婶婶叔叔去欧洲旅行两周。am travelling[点拨]　(2)过去进行时①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。与过去进行时相对应的时间状语有:while、then、at that time、at this time yesterday等。Interestingly,Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he 　　　　　　(wait)for patients in his medical practice in London.(外研选四U1) 有趣的是,道尔早期的一些福尔摩斯故事是他在伦敦行医等待病人时写的。was waiting②表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作(只限于plan、come、go、leave、arrive、start、move、sail、fly、travel、stay等)。But I had not been informed that they 　　　　　　(come)for the weekend.(人教选二U3) 但他们没有告知我要来过周末。were coming(3)将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。常与at 8:00 am tomorrow、in the next two months等时间状语连用。I’m going on a trip soon.I 　　　　　　　(work) in the United States for three months.(北师大选二U4) 我很快就要出差了,要在美国工作三个月。will be working4.一般将来时和过去将来时(1)一般将来时①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow、in the future、before long、tomorrow evening、next week/month/year、in+时间段、after+时间点等连用。This book is too long,so I 　　　　　　(read) it tomorrow! 这本书太长了,所以我明天再读它!will read②一般将来时的其他表达形式及含义③一般将来时的常用固定句式·It will be+一段时间+before...意为“要过多久才……”,从句用一般现在时。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  we meet them again.我们还需要很长时间才能再次见到他们。·祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句(通常用一般将来时)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  the door of faith open before you.关上你身后的恐惧之门,你就会看到信心之门在你面前打开。It will be a long time beforeClose the door of fear behind you,and you will see(2)过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。除了使用“would+动词原形”表示外,还可以用be going to do、be to do、be about to do等方式表示。Yet,very few people knew that future avatars 　　　　　　(have)such a wide variety of forms and uses.(北师大必二U4) 然而,很少有人知道,未来的虚拟形象会有如此多样的形式和用途。would have考点二　动词的语态1.各种时态中被动语态的构成2.被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者A box of tissues 　　　　　　　(need)to get through this book!(外研选四U2) 读完这本书需要一盒纸巾!(2)强调或突出动作的承受者People’s lives 　　　　　　　　　(change)by online communities and social networks.(人教必二U3) 人们的生活被在线社区和社交网络所改变。will be neededhave been changed[点拨]　不能使用被动语态的几种情况①不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如happen、occur、fail、remain、spread、take place、break out、come true等。The disease spreads easily.这种疾病容易传播。②某些动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如benefit、fit、lack、contain、join、last、arrive at/in、agree with、look like、consist of、suffer from、succeed in等。This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.这种饮料不含任何酒精。③表示归属的动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如have、own、belong to等。The red pen belongs to me.这支红色的钢笔属于我。④宾语是反身代词或相互代词时,谓语动词用主动语态,不用被动语态。We often help each other.我们经常互相帮助。主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况考点三　主谓一致3原则1.语法一致原则(1)动词-ing形式(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Asking questions 　　　　　　(be)the easiest way to promote active learning.(北师大必三U9) 提问是促进主动学习的最容易的方法。isTo keep the business going 　　　　　　(be)our short-term goal.(译林必二U1) 使生意继续下去是我们的短期目标。What we see on the cinema screen 　　　　　  (be)just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making.(译林必二U1)我们在影院银幕上看到的也只是电影制作这座巨大冰山的一角而已。isis(2)主语后跟with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than等连接的单词或短语时,谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致。The football coach as well as his team members (interview)for their performance shortly after the match.(译林必二U1) 比赛结束后不久,足球教练和他的队员们就他们的表现接受了采访。was interviewed(3)and、both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。The singer and dancer 　　　　　(be)to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。is(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。He who 　　　　(learn)but does not think is lost.He who _________(think) but does not learn is in great danger.(北师大必三U9) 学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。learnsthinks(5)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each、every、no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使由and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。More than one generation of schoolchildren (amaze)by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.(外研必三U3) 数代学生都叹服于他的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。has been amazedAccording to the law,every man and woman 　　　　　　(enjoy) equal rights.(译林必二U1) 根据法律,每个男人和女人都享有平等的权利。(6)“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。The young 　　　　　　(be) determined to make a significant contribution to our nation.(译林必二U1) 年轻人决心为我们的国家做出重大贡献。enjoysare(7)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语通常作为一个整体看待,谓语动词通常用单数形式。Two hours 　　　　　　(seem)very short when you’re having so much fun!(译林必二U1) 当你沉浸其中时,两个小时似乎太短了!seems2.意义一致原则(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience、enemy等。The enemy 　　　　　　(hide),ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.(外研选三U3) 敌人隐藏起来,准备在盟军登录前攻击他们。were hiding(2)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all、some、half、most、the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。About one third of the books 　　　　　　　(write) by him.(译林必二U1) 这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。were written3.就近一致原则(1)由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。Either you or one of your classmates 　　　　　　 (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。isNot only I but also David and Matt 　　　　　　 (be) interested in robots.(译林必二U1)不仅我而且大卫和马特都对机器人感兴趣。(2)由there、here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There 　　　　　　(be) three chairs,a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。areare【典例】　Later,Nelson 　　　　(award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work. 答案　was awarded　[句意:后来纳尔逊被授予总统自由勋章,以表彰他的工作。句中的时间状语Later表明这里叙述的是过去的动作,应用一般过去时;Nelson与award为动宾关系,应用被动语态;主语为Nelson,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填was awarded。]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.I 　　　　　　(leave) with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset.(2025·八省联考) 2.Today,more than 70 countries 　　　　　　　　 (include) the Chinese language in their education systems.(2025·八省联考)was lefthave included3.The Duan inkstone,one of the four most famous inkstones in China,　　　　　　　(originate) in the mountains by the Duanxi River in Guangdong Province.(2025·宿迁高三三模) 4.An optional college course named “Appreciation of the Jiangxi Opera” 　　　　　　　　　(teach) in a packed house recently at Nanchang University.(2025·南昌高三三模) 5.The variety of sizes 　　　　　　　　　(represent) the demand for globes that still exists today.(2025·齐齐哈尔高三三模) originatedhas been taughtrepresents6.China’s high-speed railways are a successful example of independent innovation in our country,and the overall technological level of China’s railways 　　　　　　(enter) the forefront of the world so far.(2025·滨州高三二模) 7.This Spring Festival,a team of Yingge dancers from South China’s Guangdong Province 　　　　　　　　　(invite) to the UK.(2025·新乡高三三模) has enteredwas/were invited8.Near the Luding Bridge considered a historical landmark ________(stand) a museum.(2025·潍坊高三二模) 9.Tokushima government hopes that the DMV buses (become) a tourist draw in their own right.(2025·江淮十校高三三模) 10.He said the team 　　　　　　　　　(experiment) with different types of food products,but the models they got weren’t as successful.(2025·南昌高三二模) standswill becomehad experimentedⅡ.语法与写作1.The following weeks 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 each day determined to earn a penny.在接下来的几个星期里,我每天从学校飞奔(dash)回家,决心挣一个便士。2.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　all the way  home,ashamed of my neglect.Maybe they 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  as my neighbors.回家的路上我哭(sob)得很厉害,为自己的疏忽感到羞愧。也许他们和我的邻居有同样的遭遇。saw me dashing home from schoolwas sobbing terriblywere suffering from the same scene3.Without any preparation,I 　　　　　　　　　  Anna tightly.在没有任何准备的情况下,我被安娜紧紧地抱住了。4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  to gather insights on the challenges that we face in English learning.我对我的同学进行了一项调查,以收集我们在英语学习中面临的挑战的见解。was hugged byI’ve conducted a survey among my classmates5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  and I was even at a loss at that moment.一阵尴尬席卷而来,在那一刻,我甚至不知所措。6.On spotting the wolf swallowed by the road,Mac,bathed in perspiration,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 马克看见狼消失在路上,浑身是汗,松了口气,坐到后座上。A wave of embarrassment swept over mesighed with relief and sank down to the back seatⅢ.语篇提能练The first zoo 1.　　　　　　　　　　(establish) around 3,500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment.Five hundred years later,a Chinese emperor 2.　　　　　 (build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth.Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals. was establishedbuiltSome of the early European zoos 3.　　　　　　(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages,the bad conditions of which made people disgusted. Later the zoos 4.　　　　　　　　(replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5.　　　　　　(keep) in good condition.These places became the first modern zoos.As early as the 1940s,scientists 6.　　　　　　(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction.Since then,zoos 7.________________________ (try) to save many endangered species,but relying on zoos 8._________ (save) species is not enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat. consistedwere replaced(were) keptunderstoodhave tried/have been tryingto saveToday,animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.　　　　　　　　(watch) carefully for any signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated when ill,and all the animals there live a comfortable life.Anyway,it is true that zoo breeding programs 10.____________(play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now. (are) watchedare playing