2026年高考英语（外研版）一轮复习配套课件 选择性必修第四册 Unit 6　Space and beyond

Unit 6　Space and beyond选择性必修第四册单元词句识记内容 索 引单元默写检测核心知识突破关键能力考查写作素养培优课时作业单 元 词 句 识 记Ⅰ.阅读单词1.notion n.　　　概念;观点;看法2.hazardous adj.危险的,不安全的3.shuttle n.航天飞机4.excursion n.(有特定目的的)短途出行5.rekindle v.重新激起,重新唤起6.lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的,逼真的7.galaxy n.星系8.cosmic adj.宇宙的9.subatomic adj.亚原子的;原子内的10.particle n.粒子11.pepper n.胡椒粉12.sneeze v.打喷嚏13.disc n.激光唱片;光碟,光盘Ⅱ.核心单词1.scream out for help 　　 大声呼救2.the passengers and crew 乘客和全体机组人员3.an awesome experience 一次很好的经历4.the space telescope 太空望远镜5.a straightforward answer一个简单的回答6.lack self-discipline 缺乏自我约束7.run to fetch some gifts跑去拿些礼物8.stretch your muscles伸展你的肌肉Ⅲ.一词多义1.shadow n.坏影响,阴影;影子 v.(在……上)投下阴影;笼罩;遮住①cast a shadow on their happiness给他们的幸福蒙上阴影②cast a shadow on the water在水面上投下一片影子③be shadowed by a high mountain被高山遮蔽④be shadowed by the past被过去的阴影笼罩2.angle v.斜置 n.角;角度;视角①angle his chair 把他的椅子斜置②a 45° angle 45°角③be taken from an unusual angle从不同寻常的视角拍摄④look at the issue from different angles从不同的角度看这个问题Ⅳ.派生单词1.unexceptional adj.　平常的exception n.例外exceptional adj.特别的,非凡的,卓越的2.tragically adv.悲惨地,不幸地tragic adj.悲惨的;不幸的tragedy n.悲剧(作品);惨案;不幸3.instantaneously adv.瞬间地instantaneous adj.立即的;瞬间的4.suspend v.暂停,中止;延缓,推迟;使暂时停职(或停学等);悬,挂suspension n.暂停;延缓;停职;悬浮5.simulated adj.模仿的,模拟的,仿真的simulator n.(用于人员训练的)模拟装置,模拟器simulate v.模仿;模拟simulation n.模拟;模仿6.submit v.提交;呈递(文件等);屈服submission n.提交(物);呈递(书);屈服7.conceivably adv.可以相信地;可想象地conceivable adj.可信的;可想象的8.invisible adj.看不见的vision n.视力;视觉;想象visible adj.看得见的Ⅴ.短语词块1.set foot on 　　　　　踏上,登上2.become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事3.take off 起飞;脱下;突然成功;休假;取消4.cast a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影5.tune in 收看;收听6.call to 号召;向……喊叫;召唤7.be composed of 由……组成8.be invisible to 对……是不可见的9.one’s heart in one’s mouth 心提到嗓子眼10.reach for the stars 有九天揽月之志;努力完成壮举Ⅵ.教材佳句1.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths,aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.(独立主格结构)数以百万计的人在黑白电视机前观看首次登月,他们的心都提到了嗓子眼,意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务,也意识到许多事情可能会出错。2.Soon,it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way. (it be+过去分词+that...)很快,人们认识到,太阳只是我们称之为“银河系”的星系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。3.So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.(so...that...)宇宙还有很多未知领域,我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。4.The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. (主旨升华)“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着我们、提醒着我们,不管星空看起来多么遥不可及,我们都要持之以恒地去探索。▶构词法日积月累单 元 默 写 检 测Step One　写一写Ⅰ.阅读单词1.a vague notion 　　　　　一个模糊的　　　　　　　 2.a hazardous journey 一次　　　　　　　　　旅程 3.the shuttle programme 　　　　　　　　　计划 4.an excursion to the island 到岛上　　　　　　　　 5.rekindle hopes　　　　　　　　希望 概念危险的航天飞机游览重新唤起6.a distant galaxy 一个遥远的　　　　　　　　 7.a neutral particle 一个不带电的　　　　　　　 8.sneeze all morning 一上午一直　　　　　　　　 星系粒子打喷嚏Ⅱ.核心单词1.　　　　　　 v.(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫 2.　　　　　　 n.望远镜 3.　　　　　　　　 adj.简单的 4.　　　　　　 n.肌肉 5.　　　　　　 v.(去)拿来 6.　　　　　　 n.(飞机上的)全体机组人员;全组船员 7.　　　　　　 adj.很好的,了不起的 8.　　　　　　 n.自我约束,自律 screamtelescopestraightforwardmusclefetchcrewawesomeself-disciplineⅢ.派生单词1.　　　　　　 n.例外→　　　　　　adj.特别的,非凡的,卓越的→ _____________adj.平常的 2.　　　　　　 adj.悲惨的;不幸的→　　　　　　　adv.悲惨地,不幸地→　　　　　　　n.悲剧(作品);惨案;不幸3.　　　　　　 v.暂停,中止;延缓,推迟;使暂时停职(或停学等);悬,挂→　　　　　　 n.暂停;延缓;停职;悬浮 exceptionexceptionalunexceptionaltragictragicallytragedysuspendsuspension4.　　　　　　 v.提交;呈递(文件等);屈服→ 　　　　　　 n.提交(物);呈递(书);屈服 5.　　　　　　 n.视力;视觉;想象→　　　　　　adj.看得见的→ _____________adj.看不见的 submitsubmissionvisionvisibleinvisibleⅣ.短语互译1.　　　　　　　　　　习惯于(做)某事 2.　　　　　　　　 起飞;脱下;突然成功;休假;取消 3.　　　　　　　　　　 给……蒙上阴影 4.　　　　　　　　 踏上,登上 5.one’s heart in one’s mouth 　　　　　　　　 6.tune in 　　　　　　　 7.call to 　　　　　　　 8.be composed of 　　　　　　　 become accustomed totake offcast a shadow on/overset foot on心提到嗓子眼收看;收听号召;向……喊叫;召唤由……组成Ⅴ.句式仿写1.句型公式:独立主格结构Then it leapt backwards,　　　　　　　　　　　  and fur on end, tail held out stiffly.(动作描写)然后它向后一跃,脊背拱起,毛发竖立,尾巴僵直地伸着。back arched2.句型公式:it be+过去分词+that...　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.We benefit a lot from the rapid  pace of the Internet development.(科技发展)众所周知,互联网对我们至关重要。我们从互联网的快速发展中获益良多。3.句型公式:so...that...　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  he could hear his heart beating wildly.(心理描写)他是如此紧张以至于能听到自己的心在狂跳。It is known that the Internet is vital to usSo nervous was he thatStep Two　练一练Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式1.With the big fire spreading,people ran for the exits, s__________ out in terror. 2.It’s a very complex issue to which there is no s_______________ answer. 3.If you f　　　　　　 something, you go and get them from the place where they are. creamingtraightforwardetch4.On account of my previous teaching experience,I can help you manage the class in an a　　　　　　　　　  way.5.The entire c　　　　　　　　 is comprised of four men and three women. wesomerewⅡ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1.Cats have so good night 　　　　　　that many things are _______ to them at night which are 　　　　　　for human with the naked eye.(vision) 2.　　　　　　,he was killed in a 　　　　　　accident at the age of 24.(tragedy) 3.　　　　　　 can be made as an individual or as a team, but your work should be 　　　　　　before July 22nd to Mr Li in Room 102. (submit) visionvisibleinvisibleTragicallytragicSubmissionssubmitted4.The activity has to be 　　　　　　due to something unexpected, and no one knows how long the 　　　　　　will last. (suspend) suspendedsuspensionⅢ.短语填空take off1.When the delayed flight will 　　　　　　　　depends much on the weather. 2.It is the misunderstanding that 　　　　　　　　their friendship.casts a shadow on3.The new era 　　　　　　　　us,saying that we should strive to achieve more and do better. 4.Living here for ten years,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　the tropical climate. 5.I remember the time when I first 　　　　　　　this new land. How excited and nervous I was!calls tohas become accustomed toset foot onⅣ.串记练习阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。At present,we are accustomed to 1.　　　　　　　　  (observe) the night sky with a telescope and most of us have been aware that it is 2.　　　　　　 awesome invention.With the help of it,we can see numberless stars invisible 3.　　　　　　 the naked eye.However,our quest 4.　　　　　　(be) far beyond observing the stars,and we haveobservingantoisbeen trying to explore more 5.　　　　　　　　 (known) regions in the universe.Our efforts have never been suspended,although the 6.___________ (lose) of the Challenger once cast a shadow on our hearts.With the purpose of 7.　　　　　　 (rekindle) young pupils’ interest in space travel,the space shuttle took off.But only a minute later,it exploded and the lives of its crew were 8.　　　　　　 (tragic) cut short.The seven heroes sacrificed,but their spirits 9.____________ (remind) us to continue to reach for the stars,10.　　　　　　 distant they are. unknownlossrekindlingtragicallyremindhowever核 心 知 识 突 破No.1 热考词汇No.3 写作迁移No.2 熟词生义/一词多义1.shadow n.坏影响,阴影;影子 v.(在……上)投下阴影;笼罩佳句背诵　The sun shone through the leaves,casting shadows on the lawn.(环境描写) 阳光穿过树叶,在草坪上投下阴影。cast a shadow on/over给……蒙上阴影;投下影子in the shadow of 在……的树荫下;在……的影响下be shadowed by 被……罩在阴影里以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作①The bay 　　　　　　　　(shadow) by magnificent cliffs. ②My brother is 　　　　　　the shadow of Mr Smith, who is very strict. ③Doubt and uncertainty crept in,_________________________________________.(心理描写) 疑虑和不确定性悄悄袭来,给她的兴奋蒙上了一层阴影。was shadowedin casting a shadow over her excitement2.suspend v.暂停,中止;延缓,推迟;使暂时停职(或停学等);悬,挂→suspension n.暂停;延缓;停职(或停学等);悬浮佳句背诵　A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. (环境描写)一盏吊灯悬在天花板上。be suspended from the job　　被停职be suspended by/from/on被悬挂在……以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作①I think her 　　　　　　(suspend) from the team is a very harsh punishment. ②I am terribly sorry to hear that you _________________________ _________________and I do believe that you can prove your innocence.(慰问信)听到你被停职的消息,我感到非常遗憾,我相信你可以证明自己的清白。suspensionhave been suspended fromyour job3.submit v.(submitted,submitted,submitting)提交;呈递;屈服→ submission n.提交(物);呈递(书);屈服佳句背诵　Please submit your works to the Student Union office before April 15th.(通知) 请在4月15日前将您的作品提交给学生会办公室。submit sth to...　　　向……提交某物submit (oneself) to...屈服于/服从……[联想]　双写结尾的辅音字母+-ed及+-ing的动词:submit、quit、prefer、occur、refer。以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作①She sighed helplessly,“I shall give up my claim in ______________ (submit) to your wishes.”  ②An essay not 　　　　　　(submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. ③David wiped his tears and held his head high,uttering determinedly,“　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　.”(动作描写) 大卫擦掉眼泪,高昂起头,坚定地说道:“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”submissionsubmittedI won’t submit (myself) to others’ thoughts4.become accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事佳句背诵　In traditional classes,students became accustomed to taking in whatever their teachers taught them.在传统课堂上,学生们习惯于接受老师教授的一切东西。accustom v.使习惯于;使适应accustom oneself to (doing) sth使自己习惯于/适应(做)某事accustomed adj.习惯于,适应的;通常的,惯常的以练促学　句式升级Mr King was accustomed to living in the countryside and found it hard to suspend this life and live in the city.→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Mr King found it hard to suspend this life and live in the city.(形容词短语作状语)→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Mr King found it hard to suspend this life and live in the city.(动词-ing形式作状语)Accustomed to living in the countrysideAccustoming himself to living in the countrysideWhen I was young,I always lived in the shadow of my elder sister.She was so excellent that I felt pressured.However,I didn’t suspend my efforts.I submitted myself to continuous learning and improvement.Gradually,I became accustomed to the challenges and started to shine on my own.1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思①By no means should we submit ourselves to any difficulty.　　　　　　　 ②He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.　　　　　　　 v.屈服v.斜置2.选出shadow的汉语意思A.n.影子　B.n.昏暗处;背光处 C.n.坏影响　D.n.少许;一丁点①Someone jumped out of the shadows and grabbed my handbag. 　 ②An oak tree cast its shadow over a tiny round pool.　　　 ③They stole the money,made a getaway and lived under the shadow of fear.　　　 ④It is a tragic story, but there is a shadow of hope.　　　 BACD3.根据上下文写出suspend的词性和词义The ongoing construction was ①suspended, causing a delay.A worker was ②suspended for negligence.In the classroom, a naughty student was ③suspended.Meanwhile, a lamp was ④suspended from the ceiling, casting a soft glow.①　　　　　　　　　　　②　　　　　　　　　　　 ③　　　　　　　　　　　④　　　　　　　　　　　 v.暂停,中止v.停职v.停学v.悬,挂句型公式:it be+过去分词+that...课本原句:Soon,it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.　很快,人们认识到,太阳只是我们称之为“银河系”的星系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。佳句背诵　It’s known to all that “Where there is a will, there is a way”.(主旨升华)众所周知,“有志者,事竟成”。It is said/reported that... 据说/据报道……It is thought/suggested/believed/hoped that...人们认为/建议/相信/希望……[点拨]　上述句式除“It is hoped that...”和“It is suggested that...”外,可以转化为“sb/sth is+过去分词+to do/to be doing/to have done...”句型。以练促学　单句写作/同义句转换①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, including notebooks, pens and dictionaries.　据说,获胜者将有很多奖品,包括笔记本、钢笔和字典。②It is thought that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the earth twice as quickly as previously feared. It is said that there will be lots of prizes for the winnersCarbon dioxide is thought to be heating关 键 能 力 考 查维度一　核心知识运用1.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says.“And as of right now,we’ve received about 120 　　　　　　(submit).(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 2.Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed 　　　　　　　　　　　 (make) the printed page outdated. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)submissionsto make3.My kids 　　　　　　(scream) with joy.We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. (天津3月卷) 4.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer ____________(simulate) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.(新高考Ⅰ卷) 5.Jones’ idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the 　　　　　　(visible) social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.(天津7月卷) screamedsimulationsinvisible6.He is the most soulful and 　　　　　　(tragic) complex character in the story. 7.There have been calls for the drug’s immediate ________________ (suspend), following reports that it has dangerous side effects. 8.He 　　　　　　(fetch) the children from school on Mondays and Fridays. 9.Those who are accustomed to 　　　　　　　　　　　 (stay) up late are more likely to suffer from other diseases.10.The setting sun shone on us, casting our shadows 　　　　　　the road. tragicallysuspensionfetchesstayingon/over维度二　单句写作1.Our English curriculum covers a wide range of topics, from essential grammar concepts to engaging literary works, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(独立主格结构) 我们的英语课程涵盖了广泛的主题,从基本语法概念到引人入胜的文学作品,所有这些都是为了满足学习者的独特需求和兴趣而量身定制的。all tailored to meet the unique needs and interests of our learners2.　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ______________,from which visitors will experience the colourful Chinese culture. (it be+过去分词+that...) 据说,数百幅中国古代艺术家的绘画作品将在这里展出,参观者将从中体验到丰富多彩的中国文化。3.He was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we were all deeply moved.(so...that...)他是一位如此负责的老师,以至于我们都被深深地感动了。It’s said that hundreds of Chinese paintings by ancient artists will be on displayso responsible a teacher that4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　,but I was too nervous.(情态动词) 我本来可以解决这个问题,但我太紧张了。5.We 　　　　　　　　　　　 around 4 o’clock in the afternoon.(情态动词)我们应该在下午四点左右回来。could have worked out the problemshould be back维度三　单元知识拾遗The sports game 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.The fans 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 to perform at their  best and give us these exciting moments.这场体育比赛太棒了。球迷们尖叫着表示支持参赛选手。运动员需要自律才能表现出最佳状态,并给我们带来这些激动人心的时刻。was awesomewere screaming in support of the playersSelf-discipline is what athletes need写 作 素 养 培 优Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(日记——太空旅行)假设你是李华,假设现在是2050年,太空旅行已经是一件很平常的事,请用英语写一篇日记,描述太空生活。　根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达①现在是2050年,太空旅行对公众来说已经很平常了。(unexceptional)　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 It is the year 2050, and space travel has become unexceptional to the public.②几天前,我们踏上火星,在那里我们发现了很多在地球上看不见的东西。 (set foot on, invisible)　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ③一到达,我们就邀请了许多外星人来参加我们在航天飞机里举行的聚会。(space shuttle)　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A few days ago, we set foot on Mars where we found a lot of things invisible on the earth.On arriving, we invited many aliens to our party, which was held in our space shuttle.④他们的歌太棒了,我们都兴奋地尖叫起来。 (so...that..., awesome, scream)　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ⑤我们把望远镜斜置在航天飞机里观察浩瀚的宇宙。(telescope, angle)　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Their songs were so awesome that all of us screamed excitedly.We observed the vast universe with the telescope angled in our space shuttle.⑥可以想象,这次旅行很有趣。 (conceivably)　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ⑦我真希望不久能再次去火星旅行。(do强调谓语)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 The trip was conceivably interesting.I do hope to travel to Mars again soon.第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)Sunday, August 24th, 2025 SunnyIt is the year 2050, and space travel has become unexceptional to the public.A few days ago, we set foot on Mars where we found a lot of things invisible on the earth.On arriving, we invited many aliens to our party, which was held in our space shuttle.Their songs were so awesome that all of us screamed excitedly.Finally, we observed the vast universe with the telescope angled in our space shuttle.The trip was conceivably interesting and I do hope to travel to Mars again soon.Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升(根据提示续写2场景)场景导语:探险家Tom热爱探险→一天,他踏入丛林深处冒险→迷路,面临生存的挑战→寻找食物、解决导航问题→尝试与一群活泼的猴子交流,希望能找到出路……场景续写1:让他感到惊奇的是,猴子反应友好(出于善意,给他水果等)→跟随猴子学习→取得进展(学会找水源、可食用的食物)→Tom恢复体力,有了希望To his surprise, the monkeys responded to him friendly.　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 场景续写2:走出丛林看到一个小村庄→Tom及村民的反应→解释情况→村民热情帮助→探险感悟As Tom stepped out of the jungle, he was greeted by the sight of a small village.　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 场景续写1To his surprise, the monkeys responded to him friendly.They seemed intrigued by his attempts to communicate and even brought him some fruits, apparently as a gesture of goodwill.Tom gratefully accepted the offerings, realizing that these monkeys could potentially be his lifeline.Over the next few days, he followed the monkeys, learning from their behavior and survival skills in the jungle.They led him to water sources and edible fruits, helping him sustain his strength.The experience was surreal, but it gave Tom hope and renewed energy to continue his struggle for survival. 场景续写2As Tom stepped out of the jungle, he was greeted by the sight of a small village.Relief flooded through his body as he realized he had finally found civilization.Weak and exhausted, he stumbled towards the nearest hut.Villagers gathered around him, their faces filled with curiosity.Tom explained his situation, and they offered him food, shelter, and clothing.As he rested and recovered, he reflected on his journey.Despite the hardships and near-death experiences, Tom felt a sense of accomplishment.He had survived the jungle, thanks to his resilience, courage, and an unlikely alliance with a group of monkeys. 课 时 作 业Ⅰ.阅读理解“Palace,Mountain,Moon?” has been selected by NASA as the Astronomical Picture of the Day for December 25,2023.The photo was taken by Valerio,a young photographer of Turin,Italy. It was shot on the evening of December 15,2023. While he knew about NASA’s competition,he hadn’t considered participating until he received much encouragement from his social media followers. Soon after,he received the message,“Your image has been chosen as the astronomical photo of the day.” It was incredible!In a photo like this,nothing is left to luck. The concept came to him back in 2017. Walking on the hills north of Turin,he found several spots perfect for including both the Basilica of Superga and Mountain Monviso. After numerous visits over several months,he identified four spots where Superga and Monviso line up just right.After pinpointing these locations,he experimented with shooting them at different times. “I knew I needed something special to perfect the photo. The Sun was a no-go place,so I turned to the Moon. Its various phases and positions reach an azimuth angle (方位角) of 230 degrees,” Valerio said. With this in mind,he researched the Moon’s phases,marked potential dates on the calendar,and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue.It was very successful,especially because the Moon was in a waxing phase. This meant that in the photo,not only was its crescent (新月) lit up,but so was the left part,its shadowed side. That part is lit by reflected light,also known as the Da Vinci glow,named after him because he was the one who theorized about why the Moon’s shadowed side is brightened. During the early days of the waxing Moon phases,the shadowed part is visible because the Sun’s light reflects off the Earth and hits the Moon’s shadowed side,giving it a greyish,silvery color. This allowed the light to outline Monviso on the left as well.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。年轻摄影师Valerio拍摄的天文照片被NASA选中,文章介绍了他拍摄这张照片的经过等。1.Why did Valerio send the photo to NASA?A.He took an interest in astronomical advances.B.He expected to create an impact on social media.C.He received broad support from enthusiastic fans.D.He wished to make his hometown a tourist hot spot.√解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While he knew about NASA’s competition...much encouragement from his social media followers.”(虽然他知道美国国家航空和航天局的比赛,但在得到社交媒体追随者的广泛鼓励之前,他并没有考虑参加)可知,Valerio把照片发给美国国家航空和航天局是因为有热情粉丝的广泛支持,故选C。2.In Valerio’s photo,the three objects 　　　　.  A.shine light on each otherB.stand in a straight lineC.fit each other in sizeD.vary from the usual in color√解析　推理判断题。第三段结尾说Valerio识别出了四个Superga和Monviso正好排列在一起的地方;根据第四段中的描述“planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue”可知,Valerio计划了月亮可以加入队列的确切时刻。所以可推知在Valerio的照片中三个物体位于一条直线上,故选B。3.What did Valerio do to prepare for the perfect photo?A.Studying how the Moon phase changes.B.Calculating the Superga-Monviso distance.C.Analyzing when to adjust the camera angle.D.Measuring the height of the observation point.√解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的描述“With this in mind,he researched the Moon’s phases”可知,为了拍出一张完美的照片,Valerio研究了月相的变化,故选A。4.What was lit up by the Da Vinci glow?A.The outline of the crescent.B.The outline of Superga.C.The dark side of the Moon.D.The shadowed side of the Earth.√解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“not only was its crescent (新月) lit up,but so was the left part,its shadowed side...Moon’s shadowed side is brightened”可知,不仅新月被照亮了,剩余的部分即它的有阴影的一面也被照亮了,那部分被反射光照亮,也被称为达·芬奇之光。故可知达·芬奇之光照亮了月球的暗面,故选C。Frying French fries in space may be possible,according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Greece.On Earth,we have gravity and buoyancy (浮力).Gravity makes sure that the oil stays in the cooker,and buoyancy allows the bubbles that come out of the fries to travel upward so that the fries are cooked. In space,which is under microgravity,there is no buoyancy. So scientists for long believed that frying wasn’t possible.The research team first designed a sealed container that could fry the potato safely in zero gravity and then took the researchers on a ride. The plane climbed up,and then,at a certain point,headed down just like a roller coaster. There were about 20 seconds of microgravity when the plane reached the highest point,during which the team did tests.To their surprise,the fries were cooked,and the bubbles were able to escape. When the potato was fried,the water inside the potato turned into vapor (水蒸气).The vapor created pressure when released from the potato. The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in,according to the research paper. It showed that “frying can occur in space”.This isn’t the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry French fries in “space”. Early in 2014,a group of researchers conducted studies under various gravity. The agency’s large centrifuge (离心机) can create artificial gravity from 1 to 20g,with “g” referring to the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth. It has four arms and can spin fast. During the spin,things held by the arm are under centrifugal force,which is the source of artificial gravity. The fries were cooked under different gravity from 1 to 9g.They discovered that the French fries had the most crispy (脆的) chips under 3g. It’s interesting to mention that Jupiter’s gravity is 2.4 times that of Earth’s gravity. So,French fries may have the perfect taste if cooked on Jupiter,compared with other planets in the solar system.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。由于太空的微重力环境以及缺乏浮力,科学家长期以来认为炸薯条是不可能的。最近的一项研究表明在太空中可以进行炸薯条。5.What may make frying French Fries possible in space?A.The release of bubbles.B.The transformation of gravity.C.The reduction of vapor.D.The accumulation of buoyancy.√解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“On Earth,we have gravity...so that the fries are cooked.”可知,地球上有重力和浮力。重力能够确保油在锅里,浮力能让薯条里的气泡散发出来,这样炸薯条就做成了。再根据“In space,which is under...that frying wasn’t possible.”可知,在拥有微重力的太空中没有浮力。因此,科学家们一直认为炸薯条是不可能的。由此可推知,烹制炸薯条的前提是使薯条中的气泡散发出来。故选A项。6.Why did the plane head down like a roller coaster?A.To make a weightless sense. B.To get appropriate pressure.C.To test the seal of the container. D.To create experiment conditions.√解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The plane...headed down just like a roller coaster.There were about 20 seconds of microgravity...during which the team did tests.”可知,飞机爬到一定高度后像过山车一样俯冲。在这个过程中,有20秒的时间飞机处于微重力状态,在此期间,团队进行了试验。由此可推知,飞机像过山车一样俯冲的目的是创造试验条件。故选D项。7.What is the purpose of mentioning the studies conducted in 2014?A.To show the function of the centrifuge.B.To find common ground of various experiments.C.To prove the perfect taste of French fries on Jupiter.D.To offer more evidence about cooking French fries in space.√解析　写作意图题。根据第五段中的“This isn’t the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry French in‘space’.”可知,这不是科学家首次企图在“太空”中炸薯条。由此可知,下文中提到2014年进行的研究的目的是提供更多关于在太空中炸薯条的证据。8.Where is the text most probably taken from?A.A science magazine.B.A cook book.C.A food advertisement.D.A travel brochure.√解析　文章出处题。综观全文,尤其是根据第一段“Frying French fries in space may be possible,according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Greece.”可知,文章主要介绍了希腊一所大学最近的一项研究,该研究打破了科学家以往的看法,证明在太空中可以进行炸薯条,因此本文最可能选自一本科学杂志。技巧点拨:从体裁和题材判断文章出处解答文章出处题主要从文章的体裁和题材内容来作出判断。同学们需要在理解文章的基础上去了解各种出处的文章的特点,结合文章的内容、关键词作出准确的判断。还可重点关注文章的第一段和最后一段,作者通常会在该部分介绍其写作目的,此外,同学们还可根据文章的结构、作者使用的词语和语气等细节信息推断文章的来源。Ⅱ.完形填空Photographers from China were among the top prize winners at the 14th Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition, organized by the Royal Observatory Greenwich, in London.Chinese photographers featured significantly and won 　1　 in three categories and one of the individual awards, with the most remarkable 　2　 being the young photographer award, jointly won by Yang Hanwen and Zhou Zezhen, both aged 14, for their 　3　:Andromeda Galaxy:The Neighbor. The official awards news release described their picture as “a 　4　 photograph of one of the Milky Way’s closest and largest neighbors” that showed the lively 　5　 of a nearby galaxy, stars piercing (穿透) through the 　6　 and emphasized the wonder of the magnificent sight. The image was 　7　 by Laszlo Francsics, one of this year’s judges. “It is an excellent sight 　8　 by young Chinese teenagers, who also demonstrate their extraordinary talent in 　9　 a deep-sky photo,” says Francsics. Hanwen, one of the two Chinese winners, says, “I think this photo shows how 　10　 our nearest neighbor is.” “One of the main functions (功能) of the competition is to 　11　 more people to fall in love with astronomy by showing the beauty of the 　12　,” says Zezhen, the other teenager who won the award.  “The 　13　 for the competition is incredibly high,” says Ed Bloomer, an astronomer. “It was really satisfying to see how many competitors 　14　 themselves to capture unusual, rarely imaged or 　15　 events: There are some things you won’t have seen before, and even some things that won’t be seen again.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在由伦敦格林威治皇家天文台组织的第14届年度天文摄影师大赛中,来自中国的摄影师获得了奖项。1.A.diplomasB.fortunesC.titlesD.prizes√解析　根据上文“Photographers from China were...the Royal Observatory Greenwich, in London.”可知,中国摄影师在本届摄影大赛中表现突出,获得了三大类的奖项,并赢得了一项个人奖项。故选D项。2.A.effectB.motivationC.successD.enthusiasm√解析　根据上文“Chinese photographers featured significantly and won 　　　　in three categories and one of the individual awards”可知,其中最引人注目的成功是由杨瀚文和周泽震共同获得的青年摄影师奖。故选C项。3.A.imaginationB.imageC.explorationD.reflection√解析　根据下文“The image was 　　　　by Laszlo Francsics, one of this year’s judges.”可知,他们的作品(照片)是《仙女座星系: 邻居》。故选B项。4.A.fascinatingB.terrifyingC.puzzlingD.disturbing√解析　根据下文“showed the lively 　　　　of a nearby galaxy, stars piercing (穿透)through the 　　　　　　and emphasized the wonder of the magnificent sight”可知,照片被描述为“银河系最近和最大的邻居之一的迷人照片”。故选A项。5.A.colorsB.shapesC.structuresD.sizes√解析　根据下文“a nearby galaxy”可知,展示了附近星系的鲜艳色彩。故选A项。6.A.temperatureB.darknessC.coldnessD.cloud√解析　根据常识和下文“emphasized the wonder of the magnificent sight”可知,宇宙是黑暗的,恒星穿透黑暗。故选B项。7.A.presentedB.storedC.highlightedD.introduced√解析　根据下文“by Laszlo Francsics”以及下文的称赞可知,今年的评委之一Laszlo Francsics特别强调了这张照片。故选C项。8.A.createdB.predictedC.trackedD.observed√解析　根据下文“who also demonstrate their extraordinary talent”可知,这是中国青少年观察到的绝佳景象。故选D项。9.A.processingB.analyzingC.designingD.appreciating√解析　根据下文“deep-sky photo”以及常识可知,照片需要处理。故选A项。10.A.quietB.beautifulC.distantD.mysterious√解析　根据上文“magnificent sight”可知,瀚文说:照片展示了我们最近的邻居有多美。故选B项。11.A.demandB.persuadeC.allowD.attract√解析　根据下文“more people to fall in love with astronomy”可知,比赛的主要功能之一是通过展示宇宙的美丽来吸引更多人爱上天文学。故选D项。12.A.atmosphereB.environmentC.universeD.earth√解析　根据上文的“One of the main functions (功能) of the competition is to 　　　　more people to fall in love with astronomy by showing the beauty”可知,展示宇宙的美丽来吸引更多人爱上天文学。故选C项。13.A.standardB.intentionC.desireD.application√解析　根据下文“incredibly high”可知,竞赛的标准高。故选A项。14.A.enjoyedB.challengedC.treatedD.devoted√解析　根据上文“The 　　　　for the competition is incredibly high”可知,比赛标准高,但还是有人挑战。故选B项。15.A.slightB.ordinaryC.familiarD.temporary√解析　根据上文“capture unusual, rarely imaged”和下文“even some things that won’t be seen again”可知,指拍摄暂时的事件。故选D项。Ⅲ.语法填空The Shenzhou XVI crew members shared their space stories with the public after the 1.　　　　　　 (five) crewed mission to the space station 2.　　　　　　 (involve) China’s first civilian astronaut. “I felt particularly happy to fly with the diverse crew members,which 3.　　　　　　 the first time included a pilot,an engineer,and a payload specialist,” Major General Jing Haipeng,57,said at 4.　　　　　　 news conference held in Beijing. Jing also revealed that,unlike his previous space missions,he actually gained weight by the end of this one. “We strictly followed our exercise and dietary plans,which is 5.　　　　　　 our physical and mental conditions were 6.　　　　　　 (exception) good.” Flight engineer Zhu Yangzhu said that his primary 7.__________ (responsible) were assembling and maintaining the space station’s equipment and the greatest challenge was to ensure “zero mistakes in daily operations” during the five-month mission. Professor Gui Haichao said he was so proud,as the first civilian astronaut 8.　　　　　　 (enter) China’s own space station and conduct 9.　　　　　　 (science) research in space. Jing also expressed his long-lasting passion for his career. “Since 2003,Chinese astronauts 10.　　　　　　 (advance) steadily,step by step,and will explore with greater courage and wisdom to realize even bigger dreams,” he said.  【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。神舟十六号航天员在完成太空任务后,分享了他们的太空经历和感受。考情速递　关注社会热点——太空探索2024年高考英语全国卷注重体现国家发展和社会进步,如新课标Ⅱ卷D篇对AI的分析探讨、全国甲卷写作第二节对中国交通发展的关注。本语篇选材贴合这一趋势,选用新闻报道材料,通过神州十六号机组人员的发言,引导同学们关注我国太空探索进程,增强国家富强、民族复兴的自豪感和自信心。这就要求同学们在平时的学习生活中关注时事新闻,及时了解国家发展动态。1.fifth　[考查序数词。空处修饰名词mission,表示“第五次”,应用序数词形式,故填fifth。句意:在(完成)空间站阶段的第五次载人飞行任务之后,神州十六号机组人员与民众分享了他们的太空故事。这次任务包含了中国首位非军人航天员。]2.involving　[考查非谓语动词。空处所在句谓语动词为shared,所以空处应用非谓语动词作定语,修饰前面的名词mission,表示“包含中国首位非军人航天员的任务”。involve与mission之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应用现在分词形式。故填involving。]3.for　[考查介词。固定搭配“for the first time”表示“第一次”,故填for。]4.the　[考查冠词。这里特指在北京举行的新闻发布会,因此应用定冠词the。]5.why　[考查名词性从句。空前的which引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,is是定语从句的系动词,故空处引导表语从句。空前提到“我们严格遵循我们的锻炼和饮食计划”,所以此处表示“这就是为什么我们的身心状态特别好”。故填why。]6.exceptionally　[考查词性转换。空处需要用副词修饰形容词good,故填exceptionally“非常,极其”。]7.responsibilities　[考查词性转换和名词的数。空前的that引导宾语从句,从句谓语动词是were,空处应用名词的复数形式作主语,故填responsibilities。句意:飞行工程师朱杨柱表示,他的首要责任是组装维护空间站的设备,而最大的挑战是要在为期5个月的任务中保证“日常操作零失误”。]8.to enter　[考查非谓语动词。空前名词astronaut由序数词the first修饰,因此空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。这里表示“作为首位进入中国自己的空间站的非军人航天员”。故填to enter。]9.scientific　[考查词性转换。空处需要用形容词修饰名词research,而science的形容词形式是scientific,所以填写scientific。]10.have been advancing/have advanced　[考查时态和主谓一致。空处所在句主语是可数名词的复数形式astronauts,空处在句中作谓语,此处表示“中国航天员稳步前进”。根据时间状语“Since 2003”可知,此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的行为。故填have been advancing或have advanced。]