Unit 7 The natural world Grammar课件- 2025-2026学年译林版（2024）初中英语八年级上册

Unit6The natural worldUnit7Grammar学习目标通过本节课的学习，同学们能够:1.运用5种句型: S+V; S+V+O; S+V+P; S+V+IO+DO; S+V+DO+OC。2.正确使用and, but, or 和so。3. 用S+V+O+O and S+V+O+C句型以及and, but, or 和so描述生态系统。 观察以下例句，小组讨论以下问题：1.什么词常做主语？2.什么词常做宾语？3.什么词可做谓语？1. You love your family.2.They read books every day.3.Her brother has good manners.4.The temperature drops.5.The fish tastes nice.6. Sam is a common boy.名词或代词名词或代词行为动词或系动词句子的基本结构有哪几种？1.S+V 2.S+V+O 3.S+V+P1.S+V2.S+V+O2.S+V+O2.S+V+O3.S+V+P3.S+V+PReview They play basketball.They joined the 19thAsian gamesSubject(S)主语Verb (V)谓语动词transitive verb（及物动词） (vt. )Subject(S)主语Verb (V)谓语动词transitive verb（及物动词） (vt. )Object (O)宾语Object (O)宾语   S    + V   + O.   S + V +O.(主语+及物动词+宾语） 语法：直接宾语和间接宾语Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.有些及物动词后+两个宾语，间接宾语(人)和直接宾语(物)。物人人间物直direct object(DO)indirect object (IO)Verbs and sentence structures (Ⅱ)Some verbs can take two objects, a direct object and an indirect object.S+V+O (indirect)+O(direct) → The sun gives ocean animals light and heat.    S    V   O O   We can change the order of the direct and indirect objects by using to or for.The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals.We should build a better home for local wildlife .Lead in 由及物动词构成的基本句型结构有三种： △主+谓+宾（S + V + O）。例如： Wendy bought a book. △主+谓+间宾+直宾（S + V + IO +DO）。 例如：Nancy gave me a hat. IO (间接宾语 人) DO (直接宾语 物) Hobo built Eddie a tent. IO (间接宾语 人) DO (直接宾语 物)在这一结构中，间接宾语可改成一个由to/ for引导的短语。在双宾语句子中间接宾语往往是人，直接宾语往往是物。谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。有的谓语动词后面出现双宾语 (人)间接宾语和(物)直接宾语。“主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”。在表达时,常常是间接宾语在前直,接宾语在后。如：He gave me a bike.This term, Mr. Wang teaches us Chinese.在具体表达时,可以将直接宾语提前。如果直接宾语在前,间接宾语在后,要根据具体的意思在间接宾语前加上相应的介词。My parents bought some storybooks for me. They gave a lot of storybooks to us.Tip主+谓+sb.+sth.=主+谓+sth.+to+sb.I often lend him my book.=I often lend my book to him. +sb. sth. +sth. to sb.Tip主+谓+sb.+sth.=主+谓+sth.+for+sb.I often buy my sister some books.=I often buy some books for my sister. +sb. sth. +sth. for sb.用to/for填空1.The boy often lends his dictionary _____ others.2.We want to buy a present _____ our teacher.3.Don’t give too much money _____ your son.4. Please pass the form ______ next one.5. My Mum always cook meals ______ me. to for to to for【对点练习】An object complement can also follow a direct object to give more information about the object.S+V+O (direct)+C→ The mother bird keeps the eggs safe.宾语补足语(C或OC),简称宾补(宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的情况)补足语跟在宾语后，表明宾语的状态。Eddie is watching Hobo work.宾语补足语,简称宾补(描述宾语,补充说明宾语情况)由及物动词构成的基本句型结构△主+谓+宾（S + V + O+OC）宾语和宾语补足语动词虽然是及物动词,但是一宾语还不能表达完整的意思,须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的情况。作宾语补足语的词通常是名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或动名词等。We can help you develop new skills.I don’t want you to work too hard.The news made everyone happy.不带to 的动词不定式做宾补状语advise askinvite order（命令）teach tell need want+ sb. to do sth.+ sb. not to do sth.主+谓+宾+宾补常见的动词搭配+sb. do sth.使役动词：make, let, have感官动词：see, watch, hear, noticeI invite him to my party.The teacher made him clean the classroom.He made the girl cry.help 半帮助 We can add an adverbial to each of the above. We use an adverbial to show when, where or how an action is done.Hobo built Eddie a tent with sticks at the beach yesterday.howwherewhenThe ocean provides a home for animals all year round.when判断下列句子的结构： Kitty gives Simon some books. ( ) Amy found the leaves beautiful. ( )Mum is watching us skating. ( )He sent his friend an email. ( )Millie heard birds sing. ( )We bought ourselves some warm clothes. ( ) A A： S+V+IO+DO B： S+V+DO+OCB B A A B 【对点练习】Amy is writing about the desert. Read her writing and write the main structures of the underlined sentences using S+V+O+O or S +V+ O + C.The desertDeserts are difficult places for animals to live. Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry. Many desert plants give animals water. These plants store the water in their leaves.Some animals feed on the leaves, and the water can keep them healthy. Quite a few desert plants also give animals food. Their flowers and fruit can provide animals with energy.S+V+O+OS + O + CS + O + CS+V+O+OUsing and, but, or and soWe use conjunctions like and, but, or and so to join ideas together.We use and to join similar or related ideas.Rainforests are hot. They get a lot of rain.Rainforests are hot, and they get a lot of rain.When joining more than two expressions,we usually only put and before the last.The desert is hot, dry and covered by sand.Oceans provide food for many animals, produce oxygen and store heat from the sun.We use but to join ideas that are different.This kind of fish can find enough space here. They can find little food.This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food.We use or to introduce another possibility.Birds can live in the forest. They can also live in the wetland.Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland.In negative sentences, we use or to join two or more ideas.The deep ocean isn’t warm. The deep ocean isn’t bright. The deep ocean isn’t noisy.The deep ocean isn’t warm, bright or noisy.We use so to express the result of something.Deserts are dry. Some plants keep water in their leaves.Deserts are dry, so some plants keep water in their leaves.从句子结构上来说，句子有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。① 简单句有一个主语或多个主语和一个谓语；一个主语和多个谓语。Apples, grapes and oranges are my favorite fruit. My mother cleaned the floor, spread the tablecloth and then prepared the dishes.② 并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句.We admire him and he thinks highly of us. I offer to help but she refused. Study hard, or you’ll fail.③复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的主语和谓语。连词 and、but、or、so 的用法:1.and:用于连接相似的想法或并列的成分,表示“和;并且”。例:He is tall and strong.他又高又壮。特殊情况:连接两个以上的表达时,通常只在最后一个前用 and。The desert is hot, dry and covered by sand.沙漠炎热、干燥且被沙子覆盖。2.but:用于连接不同的想法,表示转折,意为 “但是” 。例:It's sunny today, but it's a little cold.今天天气晴朗，但有点冷。This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food.这种鱼在这里能找到足够的空间，但是几乎找不到食物。3.or（或者;也不）用法1:用于引出另一种可能性,表示“或者，否则”，在否定句中连接两个或多个并列成分。例:You can go to the park or stay at home.你可以去公园或者待在家里。用法2:在否定句中，连接两个或多个观点。例:The deep ocean isn‘t warm, bright or noisy.深海不温暖、不明亮，也不嘈杂。4.so:表示结果,意为“所以；因此”。例:He was ill, so he didn't go to school. 他生病了,所以没去上学。David is writing about ecosystems. Help him join his ideas using and, but, or and so.David is writing about ecosystems. Help him join his ideas using and, but, or and so.1 Grasslands can be hot. Animals sit under the shade of trees._____________________________________________________________2 Wetlands can have salt water. They can have fresh water._____________________________________________________________ 3 There are forests in Asia. There are forests in Europe._____________________________________________________________4 Deserts are dry. They are not always hot._____________________________________________________________5 Some rainforest animals don’t like wind. They don’t like rain.____________________________________________________________Grasslands can be hot, so animals sit under the shade of trees. Wetlands can have salt water or fresh water. There are forests in Asia and Europe. Deserts are dry, but they are not always hot. Some rainforest animals don’t like wind or rain.Write about what you know about ecosystems, using S+V+O+O and S+V+O+C. Use and, but, or and so to join your ideas.An ecosystem is a community where living things and non-living things interact.Plants give animals food and oxygen. (S+V+O+O)Animals help plants spread seeds and pollinate flowers, so plants can grow better.Some animals eat plants, but others eat meat.The sun provides light for plants, and plants make food for themselves.Rain gives water to rivers, or it waters the soil directly.Worms keep the soil healthy, which makes the soil good for plants. (S+V+O+C)If we protect forests, we will keep many animals safe. (S+V+O+C)But if we cut too many trees, animals may lose their homes, so we must be careful with nature.Work in groups Work in groups to write about what you know about ecosystems using S+V+O+O and S+V+O+C. Use and, but, or and so to join your ideas.Show Time1. Jason often tells us funny stories. ( )A indirect object B subjectC direct object2. Amy found English interesting. ( ) A indirect object B direct object C object complementCC一、选择画线处所做句子成分当堂检测 3.My mother bought me a computer. ( )A indirect object B direct object C object complementAI like apples ______ bananas. They are both my favorite fruits. ( )A. and B. but C. or D. so2.She studied hard, ______ she still failed the exam. ( )A. and B. but C. or D. so3.Do you want to go to the park ______ stay at home? ( )A. and B. but C. or D. so4.It was raining heavily, ______ we decided to cancel the picnic. ( )A. and B. but C. or D. so5.He can play the piano ______ the guitar very well. ( )A. and B. but C. or D. so二、选择正确的连词填空ACBDATHANKS本课结束