







所属成套资源:【二轮专题】高中英语语法精讲精练PPT课件(含语法动画视频)
【二轮专题】第8讲动词的时态和语态-高考英语语法精讲课件(含语法动画视频)
展开 这是一份【二轮专题】第8讲动词的时态和语态-高考英语语法精讲课件(含语法动画视频),文件包含二轮专题第8讲动词的时态和语态-高考英语语法精讲课件pptx、现在完成时mp4、过去完成时mp4、被动语态的特殊形式mp4、被动语态的时态mp4、被动语态的使用mp4、现在进行时mp4、现在完成进行时mp4、没有被动语态的动词mp4、一般将来时mp4、时态的区别mp4、将来完成时mp4、主动语态变被动语态mp4、一般过去时mp4、一般过去将来时mp4、一般现在时mp4、过去进行时mp4等17份课件配套教学资源,其中PPT共60页, 欢迎下载使用。
考点1:动词和动词短语1. 动词的分类根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:
2. 动词短语动词短语 (Phrasal Verbs) 是动词+介词/副词或者两者都有。有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词。有些相当于及物动词的动词短语是一个整体,变被动语态不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。My sister will be taken care f by Grandma. 我妹妹将会由奶奶照顾。Such a thing has never been heard f befre. 这样的事以前闻所未闻。常见动词搭配:
上表可以归纳为高频动词(break, bring, call, carry, cme, cut, die, give, g, get, hld, lk, make, pick, put, set, take, turn, set等)和不同的介词与副词构成的短语。需要特别注意同一个短语在不同语境下的不同含义以及相近短语的辨析。
(1) 形近的动词之间的辨析。lie (躺);lay (放置;产卵) rise (上升,上涨,升起);raise (提高,提升)sit (坐下 );seat (使就坐) hanged ( 绞死 );hung (悬挂)(2) 意近的动词之间的辨析brrw (借,借入);lend (借给,借出)speak (说,讲);say (说);talk (谈论)Hpe (希望);wish (祝愿,希望)(3) 动词与其他词性的形近或意近的词的辨析。如:advise 与 advice;cst 与 wrth;pass 与past。(4) 意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如:explain 与 say; discver,invent 与uncver;find 与 find ut 等。(5) 某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear 等。
1.【2025·全国乙卷·完形填空】题目:The cmpany decided t ______ the ld marketing strategy and adpt a new apprach.A. stick t B. phase ut C. set aside答案与解析:✅ B. phase utphase ut(逐步淘汰)与后文"采用新方法"形成逻辑对应;stick t(坚持)和set aside(搁置)与语境矛盾。
2.【2025·上海卷·单项选择】题目:The teacher asked students t ______ the key pints f the lecture in their ntebks.A. highlight B. circulate C. speculate答案与解析:✅ A. highlighthighlight(突出/强调)符合"记录要点"的语境;circulate(传播)和speculate(推测)与笔记行为无关。
3.【2025·浙江杭州二模·语法填空】题目:Envirnmentalists urge the gvernment t ______ single-use plastics t reduce pllutin.A. crack dwn n B. put up with C. run ut f答案与解析:✅ A. crack dwn ncrack dwn n(严厉打击)与"减少污染"目标一致;put up with(容忍)和run ut f(耗尽)语义相反。
4.【2025·北京海淀一模·完形填空】题目:His ability t ______ cmplex prblems impressed the entire team.A. simplify B. magnify C. justify答案与解析:✅ A. simplifysimplify(简化)与"复杂问题"形成合理动宾搭配;magnify(放大)和justify(证明合理)加剧问题难度。
5.【2025·广东深圳三模·单项选择】题目:After mnths f negtiatin, the tw cmpanies finally ______ a partnership agreement.A. brke int B. entered int C. backed ut f答案与解析:✅ B. entered intenter int(达成协议)与"合作协议"直接搭配;brke int(强行闯入)和backed ut f(退出)破坏合作。
6.【2025·江苏南京一模·阅读理解A篇】题目:The research ______ that regular exercise imprves mental health.A. denies B. cnfirms C. dubts答案与解析:✅ B. cnfirmscnfirm(证实)与"研究结论"的科学性一致;deny(否认)和dubt(怀疑)与常识矛盾。
7. 【2025·天津河西区二模·完形填空】题目:The cmmunity prject ______ unexpectedly due t lack f vlunteers.A. fell apart B. tk ff C. came acrss答案与解析:✅ A. fell apartfall apart(瓦解)与"志愿者短缺"的负面结果匹配;take ff(成功/起飞)和cme acrss(偶遇)表积极或中性含义。
8.【2025·北京海淀一模·完形填空】题目:His ability t ______ cmplex prblems impressed the entire team.A. simplify B. magnify C. justify答案与解析:✅ A. simplifysimplify(简化)与"复杂问题"形成合理动宾搭配;magnify(放大)和 justify(证明合理)加剧问题难度。
9.【2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·七选五补全句子】题目:T ______ the truth, scientists cnducted dzens f experiments.A. expse B. pursue C. preserve答案与解析:✅ B. pursuepursue(追寻)与"通过实验探索真相"的目标吻合;expse(揭露)强调结果而非过程,preserve(保存)不匹配。
10.【2025·四川成都三模·单项选择】题目:Parents shuld ______ children's curisity instead f discuraging it.A. frwn upn B. cater t C. brush aside答案与解析:✅ B. cater tcater t(满足/迎合)与"不打击好奇心"形成正向呼应;frwn upn(反对)和brush aside(漠视)语义负面。
11.【2025·湖北武汉一模·完形填空】题目:The nvel ______ the struggles f immigrants in a freign land.A. illustrates B. predicts C. simplifies答案与解析:✅ A. illustratesillustrate(阐明)与"移民困境"的文学描述功能一致;predict(预测)和simplify(简化)偏离小说创作目的。
12.【2025年江苏省南京市高三一模·完形填空】题目:After a lng discussin, they finally ______ an agreement n the prject.A. came t B. put ff C. turned up D. lked after答案与解析:✅ A. came t本题考查动词短语辨析。"cme t an agreement"(达成协议)符合句意;B项"put ff"(推迟)、C项"turn up"(出现)、D项"lk after"(照顾)均不适用。
13.【2025年天津市和平区高三三模·单项选择】题目:The manager asked us t ______ the meeting until next Mnday.A. hld n B. put ff C. take ver D. set up答案与解析:✅ B. put ff本题考查动词短语辨析。"put ff"(推迟)符合句意;A项"hld n"(坚持)、C项"take ver"(接管)、D项"set up"(建立)均不适用。
14.【2025年湖北省武汉市高三二模·完形填空】题目:The cmpany plans t ______ its business t verseas markets next year.A. expand B. reduce C. remve D. replace答案与解析:✅ A. expand本题考查动词辨析。"expand"(扩展)符合句意;B项"reduce"(减少)、C项"remve"(移除)、D项"replace"(替换)均不适用。
15.【2025年陕西省西安市高三三模·单项选择】题目:—What d yu think f the new plicy?—It’s hard t ______ its impact right nw.A. make ut B. turn dwn C. take in D. lk int答案与解析:✅ A. make ut本题考查动词短语辨析。"make ut"(理解、辨别)符合句意;B项"turn dwn"(拒绝)、C项"take in"(吸收)、D项"lk int"(调查)均不适用。
2026年备考建议1. 分类记忆核心短语环保类:phase ut(淘汰), cut dwn n(减少)社会问题类:crack dwn n(打击), address the issue(处理问题)合作类:enter int(达成), back ut f(退出)2. 强化近义动词辨析illustrate(图示阐明) vs demnstrate(实验证明)simplify(简化复杂度) vs summarize(概括要点)3. 真题陷阱突破策略情感倾向法:题干中unexpectedly/discurage等词暗示消极结果,排除take ff等积极短语。动宾搭配法:如"______ curisity"中,仅cater t可搭配抽象需求。
高中阶段需要掌握以下10种时态。1. 一般现在时 可以用来表示客观规律和真理,还可以表示目前状态、能力、性格和个性,还能表示经常或习惯性的动作,常与 ften,always,frm time t time 等时间状语搭配使用。(1) 构成:d/des动词原形或三单(2) 概念:表示经常性、习惯性动作或状态,客观事实、普遍真理。(3) 例句:I d my hmewrk every day. 我每天做作业。
(4) 特殊用法①在由 when,until,nce,as sn as,s lng as 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从包中,常用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态,主句用一般将来时态或用祈使句或含有can,may,must 等情态动词,俗称“主将从现”。I'll call yu as sn as I get ff the plane. 我一下飞机就给你打电话。②在“the + 比较级 ..., the + 比较级… ( 越……越…)”句型中,若主句是一般将来时,则从句通常用一般现在时。The harder yu study, the better results yu will get. 你学习越努力,成绩就越好。③表示客观真理即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。I learned that the earth ges arund the sun when I was in primary schl.当我上小学的时候,我知道了地球绕着太阳转。
④在 make sure ( 弄清楚 ),make certain (弄清楚),take care (注意,当心),be careful (注意,当心),mind (注意 ),watch (注意) 等后的 that 从句中通常也用一般现在时表将来。Take care that it des nt ccur again. 注意别再发生这样的事。Make sure yu cme back sn. 你要保证快点回来。⑤cme,g 等动词用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的的事。Accrding t the timetable, the train starts at 10 'clck in the mrning.按照时刻表,火车将在早上10点出发。这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词:cme(来),g(去),leave (离开),start (出发),begin (开始),arrive (到达),depart( 离开),stay (逗留) 等。
⑥有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时,只用一般现在时,而不用进行时态。The plan sunds great. 这个计划听起来很棒。⑦用在倒装句中,表示动作正在进行。There ges the bell.=The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
2. 一般过去时 表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。常与表示过去时间的yesterday,just nw,a mment ag,in May,last night/year/week,nce upn a time,the ther day,in the past 等连用。(1) 构成:did动词过去式(2) 概念:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或者存在的状态,这个动作结束在过去。(3) 例句:I did my hmewrk yesterday. 我昨天做作业了。
(4) 特殊用法①在wish,wuld rather 的宾语从句中和在 as if 引导的状语从句中,以及在 It is timethat...从句中,谓语动词用一般过去时表示对现实状况的虚拟或不大可能实现的愿望。I wish that I culd fly like a bird. 我希望我能像鸟儿一样飞翔。I'd rather yu went tmrrw. 我宁愿你明天去。It's high time that yu started wrking. 是你开始工作的时候了。②used t d sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。I used t wrk in a small twn, but nw I am wrking in Beijing.我过去在一个小镇上班,但是我现在在北京工作。
③描述过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。He pened his eyes, put n his clthes quickly and jumped frm the bed.他睁开眼,迅速穿上衣服,然后从床上跳了下来。④表示说话人始料未及的事情,用一般过去时。表示“刚刚”,暗示现在已经不再这样。—Oh, it‘s yu! I didn’t recgnize yu. 哦,是你啊!我都没有认出来。—I’ve just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses. 我刚刚剪了发,而且戴了副新眼镜。
⑤在含有 ,n 结构的句子中主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。(注意:主句一般需要倒装)N sner had I heard the knck than I pened the dr.当听到敲门声,我马上就开门了。⑥有些动词如 expect,hpe,intend,plan,want 等采用一般过去时,后接不定式的完成时可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。I hped t have been invited t his wedding party. 我本希望他邀请我参加他的婚礼。
3. 一般将来时 表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 tmrrw,next week,frm nw n (从现在开始),in the future (将来),smeday (未来的某一天)等表示将来某个时间的表达连用。构成: will +d/be ging t+d 概念:表示将来将来、计划、打算做某事(3) 例句: I will d my hmewrk tmrrw. 我明天会做作业。
(4) 特殊用法①用“be ging t + 动词原形”可以表示打算和预测。The play is ging t be prduced next mnth. 这部戏预计下个月开拍。②用“be t +动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作,有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如:We are t discuss the reprt next Saturday. 我们打算下周六讨论这个报告。③用“be abut t +动词原形多”表示即将发生的事。Lk! The race is abut t start. 瞧,赛车就要开始了。注意:该句型不能与 tmrrw,next week 等明确表示将来时的时间状语连用。
④用“be due t+动词原形”表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。The strike is due t begin n Tuesday. 罢工预定于星期二开始。⑤用一般现在时表将来。cme,g,arrive,leave,start,begin,return 等词可以用一般现在时表将来,表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at 7 'clck. 火车七点钟开。用在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来。 When Bill cmes, ask him t wait fr me. 比尔来了后,让他等我。⑥用现在进行时(即be + 现在分词))表示按计划或安排要发生的事。We're having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。I'm leaving tmrrw. 我打算明天动身。
4. 现在进行时 表示说话时正在进行的动作或者是现阶段正在进行着的动作。现阶段正在进行着的动作,不一定指说话时正在进行着的动作。前者常与nw连用,有时和祈使句,如lk, listen 等连用。后者常和 at present (目前),this week (本周),these days (这几天)等时间状语连用。构成: be(am/is/are)+ding概念:表示将来将来、计划、打算做某事(3) 例句:I am ding my hmewrk nw. 我正在做作业。
(4) 特殊用法①现在进行时态句中含有 always,all the time,frever,cnstantly 等词或短语时,可以表示说话人赞赏或厌恶等感情。Yu are always changing yur mind. 你总是改变主意。(责备的语气)②某些动词,如 cme,g,leave,arrive,start 等可用现在进行时表示将来。It's getting warmer and warmer. 天气将越来越暖和了。③以 here,there 等词开头的句子,描述正在发生的动作,谓语动词用一般现在时表示现在进行时。Here cmes the bus.=The bus is cming. 车来了。
④不可用于进行时的动词:A. 表示事实状态的动词,如 have(表示“拥有”时),belng,pssess,cst,we,exist,include,cntain,matter,weigh,measure,cntinue 等。B. 表示心理状态的动词,如 knw,realize,think,see,believe,suppse,imagine, agree,recgnize,remember,want,need,frget,prefer,mean,understand,lve, hate 等。C. 非延续性动词,如 accept,receive,cmplete,finish,give,allw,decide,refuse 等。D. 系动词,如 seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,becme,turn 等。
5. 过去进行时 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如 last night,last Saturday 等等,或者与 when,while,as 引导的过去时间状语从句连用。We were watching TV frm seven t nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点我们在看电视。We were having supper when the phne rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时,电话铃响了。(1) 构成:was/were ding(2) 概念:过去具体的时间正在发生的动作(3) 例句:I was ding my hmewrk when yu came. 你来时,我正在做作业。
(4) 特殊用法①在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。While he was waiting fr the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)②与 always,frever,cnstantly,cntinually,frequently 等副词连用,表示过去经常发生的行为,往往带有说话者的感情色彩。③不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:have(表示“拥有”时),agree,believe,care,frget,hate,hear,knw,like,lve,mean,mind,ntice,wn,remember,seem,suppse,understand,want,wish 等。
6. 现在完成时 表示过去某时刻发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或者从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。前者常与 already,yet,just,ever,never... befre,thismrning,nw,tday,s far,in the last/past + 时间段 ,ver + 时间段 ,recently,by + 现在时间等连用;后者常与 fr引导的一段时间或 since 引导的时间点或过去时间状语从句连用。注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作。比较:I have seen this film. 这部电影我看过了。(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。(强调看的动作发生过了)
(1) 构成:have/has+dne(2) 概念:表示过去的动作对现在的影响或持续到现在。(3) 例句:I have already dne my hmewrk. 我已径做完作业了。(4) 特殊用法①用于现在完成时的句型:A. It is the first/secnd 结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。B. This is 结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
②非延续性动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示时间段的状语连用。即非延续性动词在现在完成时的肯定句中不能和 fr, since 引导的时间状语连用,也不能用在 hw lng 引导的特殊疑问句中。在以 when 提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外,ag 不能用于现在完成时的句子中,因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间,属于表示具体过去时间的状语。可以用 befre 来表示“以前”这一含义。注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。(错) I have seen him fr a mnth.(对) I haven't seen him fr almst a mnth. 我几乎有一个月没有见到他了。
③大部分非延续性动词可以根据实际情况改为相应的延续性动词来表达相同或相近的意思,例如:buy → have begin → be n put n → wearbrrw/lend → keep leave → be away (frm) die → be deadget t knw → knw cme → be/live/stay jin → be in/be a member ffinish → be ver get up/wake up → be up catch a cld → have a cldg t schl → be at schl get/receive (接收) → havehear frm → have a letter frm g/cme/arrive/get (到达)/reach → be (in/at)get/fall asleep/g t sleep → sleep, be asleep
7. 过去完成时 表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态,即过去的过去,必须有一个具体的过去时间或动作来支撑,强调对比。常用时间状语 already, befre,ever,just,never,still,yet 等,也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间,常接时间状语“since+时间点”或“fr+时间段”。(1) 构成:had+dne(2) 概念:表示过去某一个时间点以前发步的事情(过去的过去)。(3) 例句:I had dne my hmewrk befre yu came. 们来之前,我比径完作业了。
(4) 特殊用法①过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。He said he had been a sldier. 他说他当过兵。They said they had seen the film. 他们说这部电影他们看过。②It/This/That was + the + 序数词 + time + that...句式中,that 后面的从句用过去完成时。It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误。③动词 expect,hpe,suppse,think,want 等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。He had wanted t buy a huse in the US. 他本想在美国买栋房子。
④在 , n 两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。Hardly had I tld her the news when she began t cry. 我一告诉她这消息,她就哭了。N sner had he fallen asleep than he lay dwn n the bed. 他一躺到床上就睡着了。⑤右在在条件状语从句以及 wish 或 I’d rather 后的宾语从句中,常用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设、推断等(虚拟语气)。I wuld rather yu had nt tld her the truth. 我宁愿你没有告诉她真相。
⑥下列情况一般不用过去完成时态:A. 当主句跟由 befre,after,as sn as 所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时,从句可用一般过去时。He went there after he read the letter. 他着了那封信后就去那里了。B. 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时,一般用 and,then,but,按照动作的先后顺序连接,此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。He said he went t the shp and bught sme fd. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。C. 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。Our teacher tld us that Clumbus discvered America in 1492.老师告诉过我们,哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
8. 过去将来时 表示从过去某个时间看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。多在宾语从句中作间接引语,常与 at six the next mrning/afternn/night,the next day/Friday/week/mnth,thefllwing day/week/mnth /year,tw days/three weeks/fur years later 等类似表达连用。 (1) 构成:wuld d/was ging t d/shuld d(2) 概念:从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事(3) 例句:I said I wuld d my hmewrk the next mrning. 我说第二天早晨我将做作业。
(4) 特殊用法①was/were ging t + 动词原形;was/were t + 动词原形;was/were abut t + 动词原形等结构,都可表达一种即将实现的意图或打算。They said that they were ging t be sent t meet her at the railway statin.他们说他们将被派去火车站接她。②条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。I didn‘t knw when she came, but when she came I wuld let yu knw.我不知道她什么时候会来,但是她来的时候我会让你知道。③wuld d 表示过去的习惯,意为“总是做,总会做,常常做”。此处 wuld 为情态动词。The little girl lived in a simple and pr huse n a hill. Usually she wuld cme t play inthe small garden. 这个小姑娘住在山上一间简单破旧的房子里。通常她会来这个小花园里玩耍。
9. 现在完成进行时 表示从过去某个时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且可能还将持续下去或者在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。基本结构:助动词have/has+been+ding。常与”fr+时间段”或”since+时间点(也可以是从句)”这类时间状语连用。注意:有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子,但大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。They have been living in this city fr ten years.=They have lived in this city fr ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。I haye been writing a bk. 我一直在写一本书。(动作还将继续下去)I have written a bk. 我已经写了一本书。(动作已经完成)
特殊用法①表示”重复”。即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。Jim has been phning Jenny every night fr the past week.一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。②表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时,如knw (了解),lve (爱),like (喜欢),hate (讨厌) 等。I have knwn him fr years. 我已经认识他好多年了。I have been knwing him fr years. (×)
10. 将来进行时 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或预测将来会发生的事情。 基本结构:动词shall/will+be+ding。 将来进行时常与sn,this evening,n Sunday,by this time tmrrw,in tw days, tmrrw evening等连用。 Dn't phne me between 5 and 6. We'll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。 When he cmes t my huse tmrrw, I will be writing the reprt. 明天他来我家时,我将在写报告。
特殊用法①将来进行时常可置于一般将来时之后表示稍靠后的安排。 My duties will end in July and I will be returning t Arizna in the US. 我的工作将于七月结束,之后我将回到美国亚利桑那州。②将来进行时表原因、结果、可能和委婉语气等。 Please cme tmrrw afternn. Tmrrw mrning I'll be having a meeting. 请你明天下午来吧。明天上午我有一个会。(表示原因) He will be telling yu abut it tnight. 他今晚会告诉你这件事。(表示可能) Will yu be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗? (表示委婉)
动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系。英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
1. 各种时态的被动语态被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,be动词随时态的变化而变化。注意:“get+过去分词”也可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。
(1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词(2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。His mther gave him a present fr his birthday. (主动语态 ) →He was given a present by his mther fr his birthday. (被动语态 )A present was given t him by his mther fr his birthday. (被动语态 )(3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不变。Smene caught the by smking a cigarette. (主动语态)The by was caught smking a cigarette. (被动语态)
(4) 使役动词 have,make,let 以及感官动词 see,watch,ntice,hear,feel,bserve等后面的不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式t要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加t。Smene saw a stranger walk int the building. (主动语态)→A stranger was seen t walk int the building. (被动语态)
(5) 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词,如 believe,cnsider,expect,reprt,say,suppse,think 等,可以用于句型“It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+t d sth.”。常见的具体用法有:It is said that... 据说…It is reprted that... 据报道…It is believed that... 人们相信…It is hped that... 人们希望…It is well knwn that... 众所周知…It is thught that... 人们认为…It is suggested that... 据建议…
(6) make sb. heard/understd 意为“使别人能听见/理解自己”。 Explain it clearly and make yurself understd. 解释清楚些,让别人能够理解你的话。(7) 在某些““形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有:nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,imprtant,impssible,pleasant,interesting 等。 This prblem is difficult t wrk ut. 这是一个难以解决的问题。
3. 不用被动语态的几种情况
(1) 系动词和不及物动词或不及物动词词组,如 appear,be,becme,fall,feel,get,grw,keep,lk,remain,seem,smell,sund,stay,taste,turn,disappear, happen,last,lie,sit,spread,stand,break ut,cme true,fall asleep,keep silence,lse heart,take place 等没有被动语态。(2) 表示状态和归属的谓语动词,如:last,hld,benefit,cntain,equal,fit,jin, mean,lk like,cnsist,have,wn,belng t 等。(3) 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用于被动语态。
4. 谓语动词主动形式表示被动的几种情况
(1) 有些动词可以用其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,如 sell,write, wash,pen,lck 等。This bk published last mnth sells well. 上个月出版的那本书卖得不错。This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。(2) 表示“发生,进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,last,take place,breakut,cme ut,cme abut,cme true,add up t,run ut,give ut,turn ut 等以主动形式表示被动意义。His whle schl educatin added up t n mre than three years.他在学校接受的教育全部加起来还不足三年。
(3) 表示感受、感官的系动词,如 feel,sund,taste,lk等,在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 The chicken cked by my mum tastes delicius. 我妈妈做的鸡肉吃起来很香。(4) 在 need,require,want,be wrth,deserve 后的动名词必须用主动形式。 The dr needs repairing.=The dr needs t be repaired. 门该修了。 This bk is wrth reading. 这本书值得一读。
5. 谓语动词被动形式表示主动
be seated 坐着。如:He is seated n a bench. (He seats himself n a bench.) 坐在凳子上。(2) be hidden躲藏。如:He was hidden behind the dr. (He hid himself behind the dr.)他藏在门后。(3) be lst迷路。如:Unsaved changes will be lst. 未保存的更改将丢失。(4) be drunk 喝醉。如:He must be drunk, r else he is mad. 他肯定是醉了,不然就是疯了。(5) be dressed 穿着。如:The girl was dressed in a red shrt skirt. 女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。注意:be determined,be pleased,be graduated (frm),be finished,be prepared (fr),be ccupied (in),get married 等都属于被动形式表示主动意义的情况。He is graduated frm a famus university. 他毕业于一所著名的大学。
1.【2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东、江苏等)·语法填空】题目:By 2030, renewable energy surces ______ (accunt) fr 40% f the cuntry's ttal pwer generatin.答案与解析:✅ will accunt 时间状语"By 2030"表示将来时间点,需用一般将来时;主语为复数,动词用原形。
2.【2025·北京卷·语法填空】题目:The lab dr must remain clsed while the experiment ______ (cnduct).答案与解析:✅ is being cnducted"实验被进行"需被动语态;"while"强调动作正在进行,用现在进行时被动语态。
3.【2025·全国甲卷·短文改错】题目:Last mnth, the ancient temple was damaged by a heavy strm and nw it is restring.答案与解析:✅ is restring 改为 is being restred→ 主语"it"指代寺庙,需用被动语态表示"正在被修复"。
4.【2025·上海浦东新区一模·语法填空】题目:The research team ______ (cllect) data fr three years befre they published the reprt.答案与解析:✅ had been cllecting"fr three years" + "befre过去时"表示持续到过去某时的动作,用过去完成进行时。
5.【2025·天津河西区一模·单项选择】题目:—Why is the library clsed?—The flrs ______ (plish) at the mment.A. are plished B. are plishing C. are being plished答案与解析:✅ C. are being plished"此刻正在被打扫",需现在进行时被动语态。
6.【2025·江苏南京二模·语法填空】题目:By the end f last year, a new subway line ______ (cmplete) in the city.答案与解析:✅ had been cmpleted"by the end f last year"表示过去时间点前完成的动作,用过去完成时被动语态。
7.【2025·浙江杭州二模·完形填空】题目:If it ______ (rain) tmrrw, the utdr cncert will be canceled.答案与解析:✅ rains条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。
8.【2025·广东深圳三模·语法填空】题目:The nvel ______ (set) in 19th-century Lndn and describes scial inequality.答案与解析:✅ is set叙述客观背景用一般现在时被动语态(be set in=以...为背景)。
9.【2025·河北石家庄三模·单项选择】题目:The new plicy ______ (implement) next Mnday t reduce traffic jams.A. implements B. will implement C. will be implemented答案与解析:✅ C. will be implemented政策"将被实施",需一般将来时被动语态。
10.【2025·山东青岛一模·语法填空】题目:Many rare species ______ (prtect) in this reserve since 2020.答案与解析:✅ have been prtected"since 2020" + 被动语态,用现在完成时被动。
11.【2025·四川成都二模·短文改错】题目:The prblem was discussing at yesterday's meeting, but n slutin was fund.答案与解析:✅ was discussing 改为 was being discussed过去某时"正在被讨论",需过去进行时被动语态。
12.【2025·湖北武汉三模·语法填空】题目:When I arrived, the guests ______ (leave), s I missed the speech.答案与解析:✅ had left"arrived"为过去时间点,"离开"发生在此之前,用过去完成时。
13.【2025·北京海淀二模·单项选择】题目:—Where is the annual reprt?—It ______ (print) in the ffice nw.A. is printed B. is printing C. is being printed答案与解析:✅ C. is being printed"此刻正在被打印",用现在进行时被动语态。
14.【2025·辽宁沈阳一模·语法填空】题目:By the time the rescue team arrived, the fire ______ (cntrl).答案与解析:✅ had been cntrlled"arrived"为过去时间点,"控制火势"在此前已完成,用过去完成时被动。
15.【2025·重庆巴南区三模·单项选择】题目:The prject ______ (finish) by the end f this mnth.A. cmpletes B. will cmplete C. will be cmpleted答案与解析:✅ C. will be cmpleted"by the end f this mnth"表将来完成,被动语态。
16.【2025·福建厦门三模】题目: The traditin ______ (pass) dwn fr generatins.答案与解析:✅ has been passed现在完成时被动,强调延续性。
17. 【2025·湖南长沙一模】题目:If he ______ (arrive) early, save him a seat.答案与解析:✅ arrives条件从句一般现在表将来。
18. 【2025·河南郑州二模】题目: The issue ______ (address) at the next cnference.答案与解析:✅ will be addressed将来时被动。
19. 【2025·广州越秀区三模】题目:The bridge ______ (repair) nw.答案与解析:✅ is being repaired进行时被动。
20. 【2025·陕西西安二模】题目:The letter ______ (send) yesterday.答案与解析:✅ was sent一般过去时被动。
1. 时态判定三步法Step 1:找时间标志nw/at present → 进行时since/fr → 完成时by 2030 → 将来时Step 2 辨主被动关系:主语是动作承受者(如plicy/experiment)→ 被动语态Step 3 综合时态语态:例:nw + 被动 → is being dne而非will finish)
2. 识别高频陷阱(1) 隐形被动句:主语为物(如The dr pened)实为The dr was pened,需补全be动词。(2) 延续性动词误用:The meeting has begun fr an hur(×)→ has been n fr an hur(√)3. 真题强化方向(1) 重点练习现在完成时被动(近3年占比最高)(2) 掌握时间状语从句的时态简化规则(如After he finishes而非will finish)
一、单句改错(仅限1处)1. It is said that the weather will last ht fr anther three r fur days.2. The reprter said that the UFO travelled frm east t west when he saw it.3. Yu'll get t like the nvel after yu read it fr several times.4. All that can be dne has dne.5. Hand in yur papers when yu will finish the test.
动词的时态和语态综合巩固练习
was traveling
6. Last Sunday I went t twn, buying sme apples and visited my grandma.7. An accident was happened t him when he was n the way t the cinema.8. I have caught a bad cld fr a week and I can't get rid f it.9. If yu knw the rules f the wrd frmatin, yu will understand a large number f English wrds when yu first cme abut them.10. I haven't seen her since tw mnths.
二、在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. With mre frests being destryed, huge quantities f gd earth ___________(wash) away each year.2. 一D yu like the material? 一Yes,it ______(feel) very sft.3. 一Why did yu leave that psitin? 一I _______(ffer) a better psitin at IBM.4. 一The windw is dirty. 一I knw. It ___________(nt clean) fr weeks.5. Until then, his family ______________(nt hear) frm him fr six mnths.6. N sner had he seen me _______ he began t ask me where I had been these days.
are being washed
hasn’t been cleaned
hadn’t heard
7. 一Hi, let's g skating. 一Srry, I'm busy right nw. I ________(fill) in an applicatin frm fr a new jb.8. 一What time is it? 一I have n idea. But just a minute, I _________(check) it fr yu.9. Unless extra mney _________(find), the theatre will clse.10. 一Haven’t seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been? 一I went t Ningxia and ______(stay) there fr ne year, teaching as a vlunteer.11. 一Tny, why are yur eyes red? 一I ______________(cut) up peppers fr the last five minutes.12. They made up their mind that they ___________(buy) a new huse when Larry changed jbs.13. 一Lk! Smebdy _________(clean) the sfa.
have been cutting
has cleaned
13. 一Lk! Smebdy _________(clean) the sfa. 一Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t d it.14. 一Take this medicine three times a day, Tm. 一D I have t take it? It _______(taste) s terrible.15. At this time tmrrw, we ___________(fly) ver the Atlantic.16. The bag ver there is s big that I suppse it _______(weigh) nearly sixty kils.17. 一Jack, yu lk s great! 一Thanks! I have lst 20 punds since I _____(hire) my persnal trainer a mnth ag.18. One Hundred Years f Slitude, a wrld-famus nvel abut a seven-generatin Clmbian family, _______________(translate) int 37 languages since 1967.19. Excuse me. I ____________(nt realize) I was blcking yur way.30. 一Excuse me, but I wnder if Jan is available at 1:30 this afternn. 一I'm afraid she ___________(watch) Harry Ptter and the Philspher 's Stne.
will be flying
has been translated
dn’ t realize
will be watching
三、单项选择1. ________ in the regulatins that yu shuld nt tell ther peple the passwrd f yur e-mailaccunt.A. What is required B. What requiresC. It is required D. It requires2. Fd supplies in the fld-stricken area ________. We must act immediately befre there's nne left.A. have run ut B. are running utC. have been run ut D. are being run ut3. The twins, wh _______ their hmewrk, were allwed t play badmintn n the playgrund.A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished
4. Frank _________ Lndn by train which _________ at 8:30 next mrning. A. is leaving fr; will leave B. is leaving fr; leaves C. will leave fr; will leave D. leaves fr; leaves5. He ____ articles fr ur wall-newspaper these years, and he ____ abut thirty articles. A. has written; wrte B. has been writing; wrte C. is writing; has been writing D. has been writing; has written6. The number f deaths frm heart disease will be reduced greatly if peple _____ t eat mre fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded7. 一Yu lk upset. What's the matter? 一I had my prpsal ________ again. A. turned ver B. turned n C. turned ff D. turned dwn
8. T get a better grade, yu shuld _________ the ntes again befre the test. A. g ver B. get ver C. turn ver D. take ver9. Mst parents ______ much imprtance t educatin. They will d their best t give their children that priceless gift. A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply10. The tw lawyers ________ fr a few minutes abut the exact meaning f the law. A. argued B. discussed C. quarreled D. fught
四、阅读下列短文,在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If it rains heavily n the Qixi Festival, sme elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhi Nv, the Weaver Girl, _______ (cry) n the day she meets her husband Niu Lang, r the Cwherd, n the Milky Way (银河). Lng, lng ag, there ____(be) an hnest and kind-hearted fellw named Niu Lang. Hisparents died when he was a child. Later he _______(drive) ut f his hme by his sister-in-law. One day he came acrss a beautiful girl, the Gddess‘s seventh daughter, wh ___________ (just escape) frm bring heaven t lk fr fun. They lived happily and had tw children. But the Gddess f Heaven fund ut that the fairy girl had married a mere mrtal. Finally they were separated by the Milky Way.
had just escaped
相关课件
这是一份【二轮专题】第8讲动词的时态和语态-高考英语语法精讲课件(含语法动画视频),文件包含二轮专题第8讲动词的时态和语态-高考英语语法精讲课件pptx、现在完成时mp4、过去完成时mp4、被动语态的特殊形式mp4、被动语态的时态mp4、被动语态的使用mp4、现在进行时mp4、现在完成进行时mp4、没有被动语态的动词mp4、一般将来时mp4、时态的区别mp4、将来完成时mp4、主动语态变被动语态mp4、一般过去时mp4、一般过去将来时mp4、一般现在时mp4、过去进行时mp4等17份课件配套教学资源,其中PPT共60页, 欢迎下载使用。
这是一份【二轮专题】第8讲动词的时态和语态-高考英语语法精讲课件,共25页。PPT课件主要包含了高考链接,考点2动词的时态,考点3动词的语态,年备考建议等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份【二轮专题】第10讲情态动词-高考英语语法精讲课件(含语法动画视频),文件包含二轮专题第10讲情态动词-高考英语语法精讲课件pptx、不可能的语气mp4等2份课件配套教学资源,其中PPT共38页, 欢迎下载使用。
相关课件 更多
- 1.电子资料成功下载后不支持退换,如发现资料有内容错误问题请联系客服,如若属实,我们会补偿您的损失
- 2.压缩包下载后请先用软件解压,再使用对应软件打开;软件版本较低时请及时更新
- 3.资料下载成功后可在60天以内免费重复下载
免费领取教师福利 





.png)




