2025届甘肃省白银市某中学高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2025届甘肃省白银市某中学高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷（解析版），文件包含物理北京卷01全解全析docx、物理北京卷01考试版docx、物理北京卷01考试版A3docx、物理北京卷01答题卡A4版docx、物理北京卷01参考答案docx、物理北京卷01答题卡A3版docx等6份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
At the middle schl level, there are many academic clubs in which students can participate. Students can chse clubs that fcus n an area f interest.
Mathcunts Club
Mathcunts tries t increase excitement twards mathematics achievement. It hpes t prvide students with the fundatin fr success in science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics careers. Schls select individuals and teams t participate in cmpetitins. Lcal cmpetitins are held in February with winners prgressing t state cmpetitins and then n t the natinal level. Mathcunts wrks t challenge student math skills, develp self-cnfidence and give rewards fr their achievements.
Envirthn
The Envirthn prgram fcuses n natural resurces knwledge and expses students t diverse envirnmental issues, ecsystems, and tpgraphy. The eclgy field cmpetitin fr five-member middle schl teams ffers cmpetitins in wildlife, sils, frestry, current envirnmental issues and aquatics. Students wrk and learn in middle schl clubs and can cmpete at the lcal and state level.
Future Prblem Slvers
Future Prblem Slvers is an academic club that uses a six-step prcess t slve prblems that may happen in the future. Students wh are in the talented and gifted prgram, wh like t “think ut f the bx,” r wh enjy thinking abut futuristic prblems may like this club. Teams cmprised f fur students read future scenes and write up slutins in a bklet using the six-step prcess. Teams that scre high enugh can g t the state cmpetitin and then t the internatinal cmpetitin.
Builders Club
Builders Club is pen t any middle schl student wh wishes t perfrm cmmunity service. Each Builders Club is c-spnsred by a Kiwanis club and the middle schl. The members learn by ding, and they learn rganizatin, teamwrk, and leadership. Builders Clubs can spnsr a “Teacher f the Year” prgram, prvide a recycling cllectin pint, rganize canned fd and clthing drives t supprt lcal shelters, adpt a resident at a lcal senir citizens hme, adpt a highway, tutr, etc. Middle schl academic clubs ffer students a place t explre interests r talents. The clubs they jin in middle schl can help guide chices in high schl and beynd.
1. Why d sme students chse Mathcunts Club?
A. T enjying slving future prblems.B. T be successful in science careers.
C. T study envirnmental issues.D. T perfrm cmmunity service.
2. What can we knw abut the Builders Club?
A. It is mainly spnsred by the middle schl.
B. It nly accepts students with excellent academic perfrmance.
C. Its members can gain skills in rganizatin, teamwrk and leadership.
D. Its members mainly learn theretical knwledge abut cmmunity service.
3. What is the cmmn feature f the fur clubs?
A. Leadership.B. Prblem-slving.
C. Teamwrk.D. Creativity.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了在初中阶段，学生可以参加的几个俱乐部及其特点和活动内容。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mathcunts Club部分中“Mathcunts tries t increase excitement twards mathematics achievement. It hpes t prvide students with the fundatin fr success in science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics careers.(Mathcunts试图提高学生对数学成就的热情。它希望为学生在科学、技术、工程和数学职业上的成功奠定基础。)”可知，一些学生选择Mathcunts俱乐部是因为他们希望在科学职业上取得成功。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Builders Club部分中“The members learn by ding, and they learn rganizatin, teamwrk, and leadership.(成员们通过实践来学习，他们学习组织、团队合作和领导能力。)”可知，Builders Club的成员可以获得组织、团队合作和领导能力方面的技能。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mathcunts Club部分中“Schls select individuals and teams t participate in cmpetitins.(学校选择个人和团队参加比赛。)”；Envirthn部分中“The eclgy field cmpetitin fr five-member middle schl teams ffers cmpetitins in wildlife, sils, frestry, current envirnmental issues and aquatics.(针对五人制中学团队的生态领域竞赛提供了野生动物、土壤、林业、当前环境问题和水生生物方面的竞赛。)”；Future Prblem Slvers部分中“Teams cmprised f fur students read future scenes and write up slutins in a bklet using the six-step prcess.(由四名学生组成的团队阅读未来场景，并使用六步过程在小册子中写出解决方案。)”以及Builders Club部分中“The members learn by ding, and they learn rganizatin, teamwrk, and leadership.(成员们通过实践来学习，他们学习组织、团队合作和领导能力。)”可知，这四个俱乐部的共同特点是都需要团队合作。故选C。
B
I have been studying the French language fr three years. This field f study has been the hardest but mst precius f my life. I wuld put it abve the study f writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-ld by under my mther's guidance. I always "felt" I culd write. I did nt always "feel" I culd study a freign language effectively.
But here I am, right nw, in a French htel. I spke French at the brder, when I checked in and when I went t get lunch. I fail t speak with fluency. I mishear wrds. I can't really use cmplicated grammar. But my wrds are perfectly understandable and serve their purpse. I feel, as I always d, like I am lst in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way mre clearly. I didn't feel it when reading French nvels; I didn't feel it at schl. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris.
I'm emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as imprtant as any reality. The fear f making mistakes feeds the hpeless and makes learners quit. It is nt the study f language that is hard. It is the feelings f wh yu are at the present level and pessimistic belief f wh yu will always be that make it hard. The transfrmatin t turn struggles int grwth is what truly makes learning a life-changing jurney.
Maybe ne day, smene will say smething t me that I d nt understand, and in that mment. I may feel a bit discuraged. But nw, I feel a sense f being high. These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I've cme. They are nt the nrm（常态），thugh. The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing.
4. Hw des the authr feel abut making mistakes in French?
A. Awkward.B. Hpeless.C. Cmpetent.D. Rewarding.
5. Accrding t the authr, what is the real challenge in learning a language?
A. Mastering cmplicated grammar.B. Overcming the fear f making mistakes.
C. Finding enugh time t study.D. Understanding native speakers.
6. Why des the authr emphasize feelings?
A. T highlight his struggles in learning French.
B. T shw that psitive thinking can drive grwth.
C. T illustrate that peple shuld fllw their hearts.
D. T clarify his experience in mindset transfrmatin.
7. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. The lws are always fllwed by highs.
B. Feeling cnfident shuld be made a nrm.
C. Struggles are an essential part f learning.
D. The ups are the real times when learning ccurs.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. B 7. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过介绍自己学法语的经历论述了学习过程中的挣扎、错误以及与成长的关系。这些经历对个人学习成长很关键。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I spke French at the brder, when I checked in and when I went t get lunch. I fail t speak with fluency. I mishear wrds. I can't really use cmplicated grammar. But my wrds are perfectly understandable and serve their purpse.I feel, as I always d, like I am lst in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way mre clearly.(在边境，我用法语进行了登记入住，吃午饭的时候也说了法语。但我表达起来并不流利，有时会听错单词，也不能很好地运用复杂的语法结构。不过我的话语内容清晰易懂，也能达到预期的效果。我感觉就像往常一样，自己仿佛置身于黑暗之中，但每走错一步，我的方向就会更加清晰起来)”可知，作者认为在法语上犯错能让自己更清楚前进方向，所以对犯错持积极态度。D项表示“值得的”，与推断相吻合。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is nt the study f language that is hard. It is the feelings f wh yu are at the present level and pessimistic belief f wh yu will always be that make it hard.(学习语言本身并不难。难的是你当下所处状态下的自我认知，以及那种对自身永远无法改变的悲观看法，这些造成了学习的困难)”可知，作者认为真正的挑战不是语言本身，而是对犯错的恐惧和对自我能力的悲观信念。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I'm emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as imprtant as any reality. The fear f making mistakes feeds the hpeless and makes learners quit. It is nt the study f language that is hard. It is the feelings f wh yu are at the present level and pessimistic belief f wh yu will always be that make it hard. The transfrmatin t turn struggles int grwth is what truly makes learning a life-changing jurney.(我之所以强调情感，是因为在学习过程中情感与任何现实因素一样重要。对犯错误的恐惧滋养了绝望，使学习者放弃。学习语言本身并不难。难的是你当下所处状态下的自我认知，以及那种对自身永远无法改变的悲观看法，这些造成了学习的困难。将挣扎转化为成长的过程，才是真正能让学习成为改变人生的旅程)”可知，作者强调情感是因为它很重要，将挣扎转化为成长，是正向积极的情感，促使学习变成改变人生的旅程。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据末段中的“The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing.(事实是，低谷是我更常遇到的。它们是学习过程的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长)”可推断，作者认为低谷是学习过程中的重要部分。C项表示“挣扎是学习过程中不可或缺的一部分”是对文章内容的同义转述，故选C项。
C
Befre jining Washingtn D. C.-based District Running Cllective, Falln Jnes wasn’t a runner. “We were ding CrssFit then — there’s this grup f peple wh run up the street.” says Jnes. She was attracted after her first run with the grup the fllwing week. “I was in the slwer pace grup, but everybdy was there at the end t cheer me n.” she adds.
The first knwn running club, the Thames Hare and Hunds, was established in 1868 in Lndn, prmting the sprt as a scial activity. Over the decades, running clubs have spread acrss Eurpe and Nrth America, initially attracting cmpetitive runners but gradually appealing t a brader audience seeking supprt, mtivatin and friendship. In recent years, nline platfrms have allwed runners t cnnect, making running mre accessible and inclusive.
Nwadays, cnversatinal running is becming a trend. Cnversatinal running, which refers t maintaining a pace at which yu can cmfrtably speak as yu mve, is ften assciated with Zne 2 training, which invlves an intensity f 60-70 percent f yur maximum heart rate. Kristen Hislp, a certified running cach, says peple ften struggle t achieve this pace thugh it desn’t feel like an “arduus” wrkut; it’s ften much slwer than yu’d anticipate. “But while it isn’t especially challenging, ding lw-intensity exercise regularly can build endurance (耐力) s yu’ll be able t g lnger and further,” says Hislp. “Yu’re als ging t recver faster and reduce yur risk f injuries.”
Cnversatinal running is als gd fr yur relatinships. “If yu’re near smebdy but nt necessarily facing them eye t eye, yu might be mre willing t express yurself r yu might just feel a little bit less shy,” says Rachel Gldberg, a licensed family therapist wh incrprates walk-and-talk sessins int her practice. This can lead t deeper cnversatins and strnger cnnectins.
Despite the benefits f running with thers, finding the right run club t fit yur needs is crucial. Jnes knew her club was the right fit after her first uting. “They did a really gd jb in explaining the different pace grups,” she says. “As smene wh’s appraching 40, it has been a blessing t find friends f all ages here at this stage in life.”
8. What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A. The ppularity f running clubs.B. The rigin f cnversatinal running.
C. The develpment f running clubs.D. The advances in fitness technlgies.
9. What des the underlined wrd “arduus” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Exceptinal.B. Annual.C. Rewarding.D. Tugh.
10. What des Rachel Gldberg say abut cnversatinal running?
A. It is a high-intensity exercise.B. It makes peple willing t pen up.
C. It frees peple f wrk stress.D. It enhances peple’s mental clarity.
11. What attracts Jnes best abut District Running Cllective?
A. Its capability t grup.B. Its access t lcal cultures.
C. Its prmising future.D. Its bvius health benefits.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Falln Jnes的经历，介绍了她从非跑步者到加入跑步俱乐部的转变，以及跑步俱乐部如何吸引不同人群、促进社交和提供心理和身体上的益处。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段内容，特别是首句“The first knwn running club, the Thames Hare and Hunds, was established in 1868 in Lndn, prmting the sprt as a scial activity.(第一个为人所知的跑步俱乐部，泰晤士猎兔犬俱乐部，成立于1868年的伦敦，将这项运动推广为一种社交活动)”可知，本段主要讲述了跑步俱乐部的发展历程，从最初的伦敦俱乐部到现在在欧洲和北美的广泛传播。C选项“The develpment f running clubs.(跑步俱乐部的发展)”符合题意。故选C。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“peple ften struggle t achieve this pace thugh it desn’t feel like an ‘arduus’ wrkut; it’s ften much slwer than yu’d anticipate.(人们很难达到这种速度，尽管它感觉起来并不像是“arduus”的锻炼；它通常比你预期的要慢得多)”可知，此处构成让步关系，即虽然这种速度感觉起来并不艰难，但人们还是很难达到，由此它通常比预期要慢得多。因此划线词与D选项“Tugh.(艰难的)”为同义词。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Cnversatinal running is als gd fr yur relatinships. ‘If yu’re near smebdy but nt necessarily facing them eye t eye, yu might be mre willing t express yurself r yu might just feel a little bit less shy,’ says Rachel Gldberg, a licensed family therapist wh incrprates walk-and-talk sessins int her practice.(边跑边聊对你的关系也有好处。“如果你离某人很近，但不必与他们面对面，你可能会更愿意表达自己，或者你可能会觉得不那么害羞，”获得执照的家庭治疗师Rachel Gldberg说，她会将边走边谈的环节融入她的实践中)”可知，Rachel Gldberg认为边跑边聊可以让人们更愿意表达自己，减少害羞感。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Jnes knew her club was the right fit after her first uting. ‘They did a really gd jb in explaining the different pace grups,’ she says.( Jnes在第一次外出后就知道她的俱乐部很适合她。“他们在解释不同的速度组别方面做得很好，”她说。)”可知，Jnes认为这个跑步俱乐部最好的地方是它能够根据速度进行分组，让她找到了适合自己的群体。故选A。
D
Many cncepts that are central t the human experience are abstract, such as relatinships, ideas, and time — things we can’t directly see r tuch. We cmmnly use cncrete language t talk and think abut these things, ften thrugh metaphrs.
Using metaphrs is far mre than a petic device f factual statements. A study cnducted at Purchase Cllege fund that metaphrs can frame peple’s perspectives, thus shaping their reasning and subsequent actins. Fr example, describing the effrt t stp climate change as a “war” rather than a “race” caused peple t feel mre urgency abut reducing emissins.
Anther example is the lightbulb metaphr cmmnly used t describe new ideas, suggesting that new thughts appear suddenly like a light switch being turned n. Hwever, this metaphr implies that new ideas cme effrtlessly and are accessible nly t a select few geniuses, such as Isaac Newtn, wh suppsedly develped his thery f gravity frm a sudden insight abut a falling apple. It may lead peple t questin their capability t generate new ideas, and as a behaviral cnsequence, peple may underestimate the rle f hard wrk and cntinuus learning in bringing abut change.
An alternative way t describe ideas is by cmparing new thughts t seeds that fall n fertile grund and if cared fr, will grw and develp ver time. Different frm the lightbulb metaphr, the seed metaphr implies an understanding that generating new ideas is a labrius prcess, which requires time and effrt. It als suggests that anybdy can be the cultivatr f ideas as lng as they put their mind t it.
The subtle effects f metaphrs shw hw pwerful language can be, even thugh we ften dn’t realize it. Wh’d have thught a simple use f a lightbulb metaphr culd prfundly affect hw we understand the cncept f innvatin? Given the nature f ur metaphrical minds, it is wrth asking: are ur metaphrs suitable? We we it t urselves and thers t use metaphrs apprpriately. These chices, cnscius r nt, can be cnstructive r destructive.
12. What des the study find abut metaphrs?
A. They help clarify abstract cncepts.
B. They may cause sme misunderstanding.
C. They make language mre petic and vivid.
D. They can influence peple’s minds and behavir.
13. Why is the example f “lightbulb metaphr” quted in paragraph 3?
A. T raise sme dubt abut metaphrs.
B. T highlight imprper use f metaphrs.
C. T illustrate petic functins f metaphrs.
D. T demnstrate the influence f metaphrs.
14. Hw des the “seed metaphr” differ frm the “lightbulb metaphr”?
A. It suggests cnsistent effrts f individuals.
B. It attaches great significance t natural talent.
C. It aruses peple’s awareness f their creativity.
D. It simplifies the prcess f generating new ideas.
15. What is authr’s attitude twards the use f metaphrs?
A. Dubtful.B. Psitive.C. Cautius.D. Ambiguus.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【语篇解读】本文属于说明文。主要通过举例和分析来探讨隐喻在语言和思维中的作用，以及不同隐喻如何影响人们的理解和行为。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“A study cnducted at Purchase Cllege fund that metaphrs can frame peple’s perspectives, thus shaping their reasning and subsequent actins. (Purchase学院进行的一项研究发现，隐喻可以塑造人们的视角，进而影响他们的推理和后续行为。)”可知，研究发现隐喻能够影响人们的思维和行为。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Anther example is the lightbulb metaphr cmmnly used t describe new ideas, suggesting that new thughts appear suddenly like a light switch being turned n. Hwever, this metaphr implies that new ideas cme effrtlessly and are accessible nly t a select few geniuses… It may lead peple t questin their capability t generate new ideas, and as a behaviral cnsequence, peple may underestimate the rle f hard wrk and cntinuus learning in bringing abut change. (另一个例子是常用于描述新想法的灯泡隐喻，暗示新想法像打开电灯开关一样突然出现。然而，这个隐喻暗示新想法来得不费吹灰之力，只有少数天才才能拥有……这可能会导致人们质疑自己产生新想法的能力，并因此低估努力工作和持续学习在带来变化中的作用。)”可知，引用灯泡隐喻这个例子是为了说明隐喻如何影响人们对新想法产生过程的理解，即证明隐喻的影响力。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Different frm the lightbulb metaphr, the seed metaphr implies an understanding that generating new ideas is a labrius prcess, which requires time and effrt. It als suggests that anybdy can be the cultivatr f ideas as lng as they put their mind t it. (与灯泡隐喻不同，种子隐喻暗示了一种理解，即产生新想法是一个需要时间和努力的艰苦过程。它还表明，只要用心，任何人都可以成为思想的培育者。)”可知，种子隐喻与灯泡隐喻不同之处在于它暗示个人需要持续的努力。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The subtle effects f metaphrs shw hw pwerful language can be, even thugh we ften dn’t realize it. Wh’d have thught a simple use f a lightbulb metaphr culd prfundly affect hw we understand the cncept f innvatin? Given the nature f ur metaphrical minds, it is wrth asking: are ur metaphrs suitable? We we it t urselves and thers t use metaphrs apprpriately. These chices, cnscius r nt, can be cnstructive r destructive. (隐喻的微妙影响显示了语言的强大力量，尽管我们常常没有意识到这一点。谁会想到一个简单的灯泡隐喻会深刻地影响我们对创新概念的理解？鉴于我们思维的隐喻性，值得一问的是：我们的隐喻是否合适？我们有责任对自己和他人适当地使用隐喻。这些选择，无论是有意识还是无意识的，都可能是建设性的或破坏性的。)”可知，作者对隐喻的使用持谨慎态度，认为应该恰当地使用隐喻，因为无论是有意识还是无意识的，英语都可能是建设性的或破坏性的。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
With the widespread use f cmputers, increasing students type with a greater-than-ever reliance n them t take ntes and write papers. ____16____ Sme parents f yunger students are dismayed that their children are nt just encuraged but required t take laptps t class. Additinally, university prfessrs cmplain f rampant (泛滥的) distractin in classrms, with students reading and messaging instead f listening t lectures.
A line f research shws the benefits f an “innvatin” that predates cmputers handwriting. Especially, studies have fund that writing n paper can better students’ perfrmance. ____17____ Fr learning materials by nte (死记硬背), frm the shapes f letters t the irregularity f English spelling, the benefits f using a pen r pencil lie in hw the mtr and sensry memry f putting wrds n paper reinfrces that material.
____18____ In a study frm 2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer, students typing wrte dwn almst twice as many wrds and mre passages wrd fr wrd frm lectures. It suggested they didn’t understand s much as rapidly cpying the material. Hwever, handwriting — which takes lnger fr nearly all university-level students — frces nte-takers t transfrm ideas int their wn wrds. ____19____ Thse taking ntes by hand als allws students t perfrm better n tests when they are later able t study frm their ntes.
Many studies have cnfirmed handwriting’s benefits, and plicymakers have taken nte. Fr instance, abut half the states in America have required mre teaching f handwriting. ____20____ Althugh nearly all will eventually need typing skills, in an age f typing, handwriting still matters.
A. Studies have fund that handwriting can benefit a lt.
B. This aids cnceptual understanding at the mment f writing.
C. But tday a different debate is raging abut the dangers f typing.
D. In Sweden there is a push fr mre handwriting bks and fewer devices.
E. Hwever, several schls in America have gne s far t ban mst laptps.
F. It helps students recall a randm series f wrds and grasp cmplicated cncepts better.
G. One f the best-demnstrated advantages f handwriting seems t be in superir nte-taking.
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. G 19. B 20. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在计算机广泛使用的背景下，手写相较于打字在学生学习方面具有显著优势，且政策制定者已关注到这一点。
【16题详解】
由上文“With the widespread use f cmputers, increasing students type with a greater-than-ever reliance n them t take ntes and write papers.(随着计算机的广泛使用，越来越多的学生依赖计算机打字来记笔记和写论文，其依赖程度超过了以往任何时候。)”以及下文“Sme parents f yunger students are dismayed that their children are nt just encuraged but required t take laptps t class. Additinally, university prfessrs cmplain f rampant (泛滥的) distractin in classrms, with students reading and messaging instead f listening t lectures.(一些低年级学生的家长感到沮丧的是，他们的孩子不仅被鼓励，而且被要求带笔记本电脑上课。此外，大学教授抱怨课堂上学生注意力严重分散，学生们忙着阅读和发信息，而不是听讲座。)”可知，本空应与计算机使用的争议相关，强调打字带来的问题。C选项“But tday a different debate is raging abut the dangers f typing.(但如今，一场关于打字危害的不同争论正在激烈进行。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
【17题详解】
由上文“Especially, studies have fund that writing n paper can better students’ perfrmance.(特别是，研究发现，在纸上书写可以提高学生的表现。)”可知，本空应具体说明手写如何提高学生表现，F选项“It helps students recall a randm series f wrds and grasp cmplicated cncepts better.(它帮助学生回忆任意一系列的单词，并更好地掌握复杂的概念。)”具体阐述了手写对学生学习方面的益处，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【18题详解】
由下文“In a study frm 2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer, students typing wrte dwn almst twice as many wrds and mre passages wrd fr wrd frm lectures. It suggested they didn’t understand s much as rapidly cpying the material. Hwever, handwriting — which takes lnger fr nearly all university-level students — frces nte-takers t transfrm ideas int their wn wrds.(在Pam Mueller和Danny Oppenheimer 2014年的一项研究中，打字的学生记下的单词几乎是用笔记录的学生的两倍，而且更多讲座内容是逐字记录的。这表明他们并没有理解，只是在快速抄写材料。然而，对于几乎所有大学生来说，手写需要更长的时间，这迫使记笔记的人将想法转化为自己的语言。)”可知，本段主要围绕手写在记笔记方面的优势展开，G选项“One f the best-demnstrated advantages f handwriting seems t be in superir nte-taking.(手写最明显的优势之一似乎在于记笔记更出色。)”能够概括本段主旨，符合题意。故选G。
【19题详解】
由上文“Hwever, handwriting — which takes lnger fr nearly all university-level students—frces nte-takers t transfrm ideas int their wn wrds.(然而，对于几乎所有大学生来说，手写需要更长的时间，这迫使记笔记的人将想法转化为自己的语言。)”可知，本空应进一步说明手写迫使记笔记者将想法转化为自己语言所带来的好处，B选项“This aids cnceptual understanding at the mment f writing.(这有助于在书写时进行概念理解。)”说明了手写带来的好处，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
【20题详解】
由上文“Many studies have cnfirmed handwriting’s benefits, and plicymakers have taken nte. Fr instance, abut half the states in America have required mre teaching f handwriting.(许多研究已经证实了手写的好处，政策制定者也注意到了这一点。例如，美国大约一半的州要求加强手写教学。)”可知，本空应举例说明其他国家在政策方面对手写的重视，D选项“In Sweden there is a push fr mre handwriting bks and fewer devices.(在瑞典，人们呼吁增加手写书籍，减少电子设备的使用。)”进一步说明了政策制定者对手写的关注，能承接上文，符合题意，故选D。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Six years as a space reprter taught me that chas rules everything. Nthing is cmpletely predictable r cntrlled. I have watched enugh g wrng t knw that n view f a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly prmised t us ____21____ n the Earth.
S when my mther and I decided t drive ut t Erie, Pennsylvania, t see the April 8 ttal slar eclipse (日全食) this year, I knew this wuld be a trip f tw ____22____ attitudes. I’d be ____23____ abut the weather and cnvinced we’d be victims f the randmness that gverns the wrld while my mm wuld have strng faith that rder wuld ____24____ and the skies wuld let us glimpse an eclipse like this fr the first time in ur lives. I tld her nt t ____25____ the universe fr this ne; she tld me she wuldn’t depend n anything else.
I was nce again humbled int a ____26____ I’ve learned time and time again — Mama knws best. Erie’s frecast that mrning was lking ____27____, but by the time first cntact between the sun and the mn began a little after 2 p. m., the cluds ver the city’s bay began t clear. The pale yellw sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰), cncentrating int a ____28____ range glw.
The eclipse ____29____ at 3:16 p. m. A thin white glw pierced ut frm the edge f a clean black circle. The sunset-like _____30_____ glwed and blmed in the distance. I culd spt slar prminences (日珥) sticking ut frm the sides f the sun _____31_____ slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus als played rles in this perfrmance. It felt like bearing _____32_____ t smething clse t a miracle.
Fur minutes later, the eclipse _____33_____. The sun brightened again. And the cluds _____34_____ vilently, swallwing up the mn and the sun and the sky in gray. But fr fur incredible minutes, the universe seems t have _____35_____ a prmise t my mther.
21. A. analystsB. investigatrsC. astrnautsD. bservers
22. A. cnsistentB. amusingC. cnflictingD. agreeable
23. A. pessimisticB. cnfusedC. ptimisticD. curius
24. A. lseB. delayC. failD. win
25. A. feed nB. take nC. settle nD. cunt n
26. A. planB. lessnC. practiceD. skill
27. A. usualB. terribleC. averageD. beautiful
28. A. dullB. faintC. weakD. fierce
29. A. disappearedB. struckC. diedD. explded
30. A. clrsB. shapesC. circuitsD. scenes
31. A. nB. inC. withD. fr
32. A. witnessB. tleranceC. relatinD. reference
33. A. cntinuedB. prgressedC. endedD. ticked
34. A. returnedB. quitC. leftD. faded
35. A. lst fcus nB. made gd nC. tk accunt fD. kept track f
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者作为一名太空记者，经历过无数次突发状况，因此对这次日食之旅持悲观态度，认为他们可能会错过观测机会。而作者的母亲则充满信心，相信他们一定能看到日食。作者劝母亲不要对宇宙抱有太多期望，而母亲则表示她不会相信其他任何可能性。最终，作者再次被卷入了一个他早已熟悉的教训，那就是妈妈永远是对的。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我目睹了太多的错误，这让我知道，我们地球上的观测者从来没有真正看到过预测的任何天体事件。A.analysts分析师；B. investigatrs调查人员；C. astrnauts宇航员；D. bservers观察员。根据上文“Six years as a space reprter taught me”可知，作者的工作就是观察太空。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我和母亲决定今年开车去宾夕法尼亚州的伊利看4月8日的日全食时，我知道这将是一次充满两种矛盾态度的旅行。A. cnsistent一致的；B. amusing有趣的；C. cnflicting冲突的；D. agreeable令人愉快的；同意的。根据下文“I’d be ____ abut the weather and cnvinced we’d be victims f the randmness that gverns the wrld while my mm wuld have strng faith that rder wuld __ and the skies wuld let us glimpse an eclipse like this fr the first time in ur lives.”可知，作者很悲观，与母亲的信心是冲突的。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会对天气感到悲观，相信我们会成为支配世界的随机性的受害者，而我妈妈则坚信秩序会获胜，天空会让我们平生第一次看到这样的日食。A. pessimistic悲观的；B. cnfused困惑的；C. ptimistic乐观的；D. curius好奇的。根据第一段中“I have watched enugh g wrng t knw that n view f a celestial(天空的) event is ever truly prmised t us bservers n the Earth.”及下文“cnvinced we’d be victims f the randmness that gverns the wrld”可知，作者认为预报的日食现象不会发生，他们会成为随机性的受害者，对此次观测日食活动是悲观的。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会对天气感到悲观，相信我们会成为支配世界的随机性的受害者，而我妈妈则坚信秩序会获胜，天空会让我们平生第一次看到这样的日食。A. lse丢失，失去；B. delay耽搁，延误；C. fail失败；不及格；D. win赢得，获得。根据上文“and cnvinced we’d be victims f the randmness that gverns the wrld while my mm wuld have strng faith that rder wuld…”及空后“and the skies wuld let us glimpse an eclipse like this fr the first time in ur lives.”可知，作者认为他们会成为randmness (随机性) 的受害者，“while(而)”表明母亲的观点和作者是相反的，她应该认为rder(秩序，规则)会赢，预报的日全食会如约而来，即规则会获胜。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉她这次不要信赖宇宙；她告诉我她不会依赖其他任何东西。A. feed n以……为食；B. take n承担，接受；呈现；C. settle n达成一致；定居；决定；D. cunt n依赖。根据下文“she tld me she wuldn’t depend n anything else.”可知，作者让母亲不要信赖宇宙，depend n与cunt n为近义词呼应。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我又一次谦卑地接受了我一次又一次学到的教训——妈妈最知道。A. plan计划；B. lessn课；教训；C. practice训练；做法；实践；D. skill技能；技术。根据下文定语从句“I’ve learned time and time again”可知，这里指作者从中学到道理，得到教训。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天早上伊利的天气预报看起来很糟糕，但下午2点刚过，太阳和月亮开始第一次接触时，城市海湾上空的云开始散去。A. usual通常的；B. terrible糟糕的；可怕的；C. average平均的；一般的；D. beautiful美丽的。根据下文“but by the time first cntact between the sun and the mn began a little after 2 p. m., the cluds ver the city’s bay began t clear.”可知，转折后表示天空的乌云开始散去，天气转晴，由此推测前面应该是当地气象局预报天气不好。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在日食镜头下，淡黄色的太阳迅速达到顶点，汇聚成强烈的橘黄色光芒。A. dull枯燥的，无聊的；B. faint虚弱的；C. weak虚弱的；差的；D. fierce凶猛的，猛烈的。根据上文“The pale yellw sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested(达到顶峰)…”可知，太阳达到顶峰，应该是光照很强烈。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：日食发生在下午3点16分。A. disappeared消失；B. struck袭击；来到，到达；C. died死；D. explded爆炸。根据下文“A thin white glw pierced ut frm the edge f a clean black circle.”可知，日全食开始了。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：落日般的色彩在远处发光绽放。A. clrs颜色；B. shapes形状；C. circuits电路；D. scenes场景；幕。根据空前的“sunset-like”下文“glwed and blmed in the distance.”及“slightly bright red and pink”可知，此处在描写天空中呈现的颜色。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我可以看到太阳的日珥从太阳的侧面伸出来，呈亮红色和粉红色。A. n在……之上；B. in在……里；C. with和……一起；D. fr为了。后面是颜色“bright red and pink”，介词in可以加颜色表示物体表面的颜色。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：感觉就像见证了一个近乎奇迹的事情。A. witness证据，见证；目击者；B. tlerance容忍；C. relatin关系；D. reference参考。根据上文“The sunset-like clrs glwed and blmed in the distance. I culd spt slar prminences(日珥) sticking ut frm the sides f the sun _in_ slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus als played rles in this perfrmance.”可知，作者亲眼见证了日全食，之前他认为不可能预报这么准。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：四分钟后，日食结束了。A. cntinued继续；持续；B. prgressed进展；进步；C. ended结束；D. ticked打勾。根据下文“The sun brightened again.”可知，日全食结束了。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：云彩猛烈地返回，把月亮、太阳和天空都吞灭了。A. returned返回；归还；B. quit停止；辞职；C. left离开；D. faded逐渐消失；变淡。根据第七空后的“the cluds ver the city’s bay began t clear.”及空后“swallwing up the mn and the sun and the sky in gray.”可知，日食现象发生前是有云的，只是突然散去，太阳月亮出现，并发生了日食，而此处日食结束，云又回来了，遮蔽了天空。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在不可思议的四分钟里，宇宙似乎兑现了对我母亲的承诺。A. lst fcus n不能专注于；B. made gd n履行，实现；C. tk accunt f考虑到；D. kept track f跟踪记录；及时了解……的动态。根据上文第4空句子“while my mm wuld have strng faith that rder wuld __ and the skies wuld let us glimpse an eclipse like this fr the first time in ur lives.”可知，母亲坚信天空会让他们看到日全食，此处空后宾语是a prmise t my mther.，这里应该是指作者和母亲真地目睹了预报的日全食，宇宙实现了诺言。故选B项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thusands f years ag, texts appeared n animal bnes, brnzes, bamb slips, and silk brcades (织锦) befre they were written ____36____ paper. But nw these ancient Chinese texts have a “new cntainer” in the mdern age. Recently, a research team frm Nanjing Agricultural University has rlled ____37____ Xunzi, a large language mdel (LLM) and Xunzi Chat in assciatin with Gulian, a ____38____ (lead) ancient Chinese text publisher. Wang Dngb, the leader f the research team, said that the large language mdel ____39____ (name) after Xunzi ____40____ Xunzi was nt nly an acknwledged Cnfucian philspher during the late Warring States Perid (475-221BC), but als a pineer in presenting and explaining theries f linguistics in ancient China. When ____41____ (ask) why he and his partners made the large language mdel, Wang explained that “traditinal Chinese characters, vertical layut (竖版), the ____42____ (absent) f pausing and punctuatin (句读) are all bstacles that readers have t vercme when they read traditinal texts”. ____43____ (create) Xunzi the LLM, Wang and his partners first needed t d a lt f research.
Since 2013, his team has wrked ____44____ (tire) t digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu, r the Cmplete Library in Fur Sectins. “The hard wrk invlves a large-scale crpus (语料库) f tw billin Chinese characters, ____45____ has laid a slid fundatin fr the large language mdel,” said Wang.
【答案】36. n 37. ut 38. leading 39. was named 40. because 41. asked 42. absence 43. T create 44. tirelessly 45. which
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南京农业大学研究团队推出以荀子命名的大型语言模型及其研发背景。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：几千年前，文字出现在动物骨头、青铜器、竹简和丝绸织锦上，然后才写在纸上。此处表示“在……上”，应用介词n。故填n。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：近日，南京农业大学的一个研究团队与领先的古籍出版商古联合作，推出了大型语言模型“荀子”和“荀子聊天”。rll ut为固定短语，表示“推出”。故填ut。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰名词publisher，应用形容词leading“领先的”，作定语。故填leading。
【39题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：研究团队负责人王东波表示，这个大型语言模型以荀子命名，因为荀子不仅是战国晚期（公元前 475-221 年）公认的儒家哲学家，也是中国古代语言学理论的提出和阐释的先驱。that引导的宾语从句描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，且主语the large language mdel与动词name“命名”之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was named。
【40题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意同上。此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，应用because。故填because。
【41题详解】
考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当被问及他和他的合作伙伴为什么要制作这个大型语言模型时，王解释说：“繁体字、竖版排版、没有句读，这些都是读者阅读传统文本时必须克服的障碍。”当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。本句中，when引导的时间状语从句完整形式为when he was_____ (ask)，he与ask为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填asked。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。此处作主语，表示“没有”，应用名词absence。故填absence。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创建荀子大型语言模型，王和他的合作伙伴首先需要做大量的研究。本句谓语为needed，此处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，应用create“创建”的不定式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填T create。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：自2013年以来，他的团队不知疲倦地工作，将《四库全书》等中国经典数字化。此处修饰动词wrk，应用副词tirelessly“不知疲倦地”，作状语。故填tirelessly。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“这项艰苦的工作涉及20亿汉字的大规模语料库，为大型语言模型奠定了坚实的基础，”王说。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词crpus，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 你班英语课开展“手工制作丰富生活(Handicrafting Enriches Life)”为主题的项目学习活动。请你写一篇发言稿，代表小组介绍你们的作品，内容包括：
1. 作品描述；
2. 创作缘由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear classmates,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
范文1
Dear classmates,
I’m hnred t share ur handicraft wrk with yu. It’s a delicate paper-cut artwrk in the shape f a Chinese zdiac rabbit. We cut ut the rabbit’s vivid utline and added intricate patterns like flwers and lucky knts.
We chse t make it because the rabbit symblizes gd luck and vitality in Chinese culture. Als, paper-cutting is a traditinal art frm that we hpe t prmte. Thrugh this wrk, we nt nly had fun but als deepened ur understanding f ur cultural heritage. That’s all. Thank yu!
范文2
Dear classmates,
I’m delighted t stand here and share ur handicraft wrk with yu n behalf f ur grup. Our creatin is a set f delicate paper-cut lanterns. Each lantern is meticulusly crafted with vivid patterns, such as traditinal Chinese flwers and auspicius animals, which are cut ut with great precisin.
We made these lanterns mainly because we wanted t preserve and prmte traditinal Chinese culture. Paper-cutting is a time-hnred flk art in China, and lanterns symblize jy and gd frtune in ur cultural traditins. By making paper-cut lanterns, we nt nly gt a chance t practice traditinal handicrafts but als aimed t spread the beauty f Chinese culture amng ur classmates.
That’s all fr my intrductin. Thank yu!
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Elaine walked ut the dr f Petty’s Fine Fds, clutching a bag f pies. She was nt a fearful persn. But as she headed tward her parked car, the graying grandmther f three culdn’t help nticing tw yung men trailing behind her n the sidewalk. “Are they fllwing me?” she wndered. It was a sunlit May afternn in Utica Square, an upmarket shpping cmplex — hardly the time r place fr street crime. Elaine shk ff her fear. There are dzens f peple arund here. I’m nt in any danger.
But as she shifted her bag and pened the dr t her Tyta, ne f the men rushed up t the car. He blcked her in n ne side, while the ther pushed her and then wrdlessly ripped the white leather bag frm her shulder. Bth men tk ff running. Inside the bag were her credit cards and $11. But that’s nt what made her frantic.
The rbbers had her huse keys and driver’s license — with her address. Elaine’s six-year-ld grand-daughter was at hme with the nanny (保姆). Extremely angry, she screamed, “They stle my purse!”
Abut 15 feet away, Erin had just emerged frm the pst ffice. Erin ften wrked with elderly clients wh als lked t her fr emtinal supprt. Erin had a gd understanding f their lneliness, listened t their cncerns.
Nw she heard the terrr in Elaine’s vice and saw the tw men running acrss the lt. They’re ging t be gne if smene desn’t d smething, she realized. The ther shppers seemed unaware. S Erin made a quick call. She’d make enugh nise t get everyne’s attentin. Hpefully smebdy wuld stp the thieves.
At 50, Erin was by n means an athlete. Nr was she dressed fr a chase. Still, she had t keep the men in sight until help arrived. Clutching her purse and wallet in ne hand and her stamps in the ther, she sprinted after them.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Thse tw guys stle a wman’s purse!” she screamed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When the wmen had the guys trapped in the Starbucks bathrm, they waved at security guards.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
“Thse tw guys stle a wman’s purse!” she screamed. Instantly, bystanders reacted. Several men nearby began t chase the thieves. Erin tk the lead in the pursuit, calling ut directins. The crwd grew, united in stpping the crime. Crnered near Starbucks, the thieves lked desperate. Their escape rute was cut ff by determined shppers and wrkers.
When the wmen had the guys trapped in the Starbucks bathrm, they waved at security guards. Elaine arrived, clutching her bag, tears f relief in her eyes. “Thank yu,” she said t Erin. Security guards tk ver, ensuring the rbbers culdn’t flee. Sn, the plice arrived and arrested them. As peple dispersed, many praised Erin’s bravery. “Yu prtected my family,” Elaine added gratefully. Erin smiled, “We need t lk ut fr each ther.” Their actins turned a frightening event int a stry f cmmunity spirit.