新牛津八年级上册期末综合基础测试卷及答案解析

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期末综合基础测试卷（考查 Unit 6-Seasons, Unit 7-Natural World, Unit 8-Safe and sound）一、词汇选择题（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）1.The monsoon season brings ________ rainfall to Southeast Asia.A. dry B. continuous C. rare D. light2.________ can disrupt the balance of forest ecosystems.A. Tree planting B. Tree cutting C. Urbanization D. Farming3.The ________ warning system gave residents time to evacuate the coast.A. tidal wave B. hurricane C. drought D. famine4.In autumn, the ________ of cold weather triggers leaf fall.A. end B. beginning C. middle D. peak5.Wetlands act as natural filters, ________ water pollution.A. Worsening B. Reducing C. Causing D. Ignoring6.The ________ after the earthquake further damaged buildings.A. Small earthquakes B. Heavy rains C. Strong winds D. Floods7.The ________ of rainforests is threatened by logging.A. Variety of life B. Plant growth C. Water systems D. Climate patterns8.During a storm, we see ________ and hear thunder.A. Rainbows B. Stars C. Flashes D. Snow9.The carbon sink function of forests helps ________ CO₂.A. Release B. Store C. Produce D. Waste10.________ farming aims to preserve natural habitats.A. Harmful B. Eco-friendly C. Traditional D. Modern二、语法选择题（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）11.When the earthquake started, I ______ my homework.A. do B. did C. was doing D. have done12.The rescue team, ______ mission was to find survivors, worked overnight.A. which B. whose C. that D. whom13.It is essential that buildings ______ to withstand earthquakes.A. design B. are designed C. be designed D. designed14.______ by the storm, the city suffered power outages.A. Hit B. Hitting C. To hit D. Having hit15.The conference on climate change ______ last month was successful.A. holding B. held C. to hold D. having held16.Not until the floodwaters ______ did rescue teams enter.A. recede B. receded C. have receded D. had receded17.If the dam ______, the town would be flooded.A. bursts B. burst C. had burst D. would burst18.The students ______ a lesson when the fire alarm rang.A. have B. had C. are having D. were having19.______ in the shelter, families received food and water.A. Staying B. Stay C. To stay D. Stayed20.So severe ______ the hurricane that the city declared a state of emergency.A. was B. were C. had been D. have been三、词汇填空题（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）21.The i______ of climate change is evident in extreme weather.22.Emergency plans include procedures for e______ in case of fire.23.The Great Barrier Reef is a vital coral r______.24.In spring, birds return with the a______ of warm weather.25.The h______ destroyed crops and caused food shortages.26.Scientists study seismic waves to p______ earthquakes.27.The ______（湿地）help prevent floods and purify water.28.First aid training teaches how to treat ______（伤口）.29.The ______（碳循环）regulates global climate.30.Building ______（规范）specify earthquake resistance standards.四、语法段落填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）Last summer, a typhoon (31)______ (hit) our city. It (32)______ (rain) heavily and winds (33)______ (blow) strongly. Many trees (34)______ (fall) down, and some buildings (35)______ (damage).Rescue teams (36)______ (dispatch) immediately. They (37)______ (help) people in danger and (38)______ (clear) blocked roads. By evening, the typhoon (39)______ (pass), but the city (40)______ (need) weeks to recover.五、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 40 分）ASeasons and EcosystemsSeasons bring changes to ecosystems. In spring, warmer temperatures trigger plant growth and animal reproduction. Birds return from migration, and flowers bloom. This seasonal cycle is crucial for food chains.Summer brings long days and abundant sunlight. Plants grow rapidly, providing food for herbivores. Animals like deer and rabbits raise their young during this season. However, extreme heat can stress some species.Autumn brings cooler temperatures and falling leaves. Many animals prepare for winter by storing food or migrating. Deciduous trees lose their leaves to conserve water. This season is also a time for harvests in agricultural ecosystems.Winter is a challenging time for many species. Some hibernate, while others adapt to scarce food. Snow cover provides insulation for plants and animals. However, climate change is altering seasonal patterns, affecting ecosystem balance.41.What do birds do in spring?Hibernate. B. Migrate south. C. Return from migration. D. Store food.42. Why do deciduous trees lose leaves in autumn?A. To grow faster. B. To conserve water. C. To attract animals. D. To prepare for blooming.43.How do animals adapt to winter?A. By migrating or hibernating. B. By eating more. C. By reproducing. D. By moving to warmer areas.44.What is threatening seasonal patterns?A. Pollution. B. Climate change. C. Deforestation. D. Overhunting.45.What's the main idea of the passage?A. The beauty of seasons. B. Seasonal changes and ecosystem responses.C. Animal migration patterns. D. The impact of winter on ecosystems.BThe Value of WetlandsWetlands are vital ecosystems that provide many benefits. They act as natural filters, purifying water by removing pollutants. This helps maintain clean drinking water for humans and wildlife.Wetlands also prevent floods by storing excess water. During heavy rains, they absorb water like sponges, reducing the risk of flooding in nearby areas. This natural flood control saves communities billions of dollars annually.These ecosystems are home to diverse species. Birds, fish, and amphibians rely on wetlands for breeding and feeding. For example, the American alligator depends on wetlands for survival. Without wetlands, many species would face extinction.However, wetlands are under threat from development and pollution. Draining wetlands for agriculture or urbanization destroys habitats. Pollution from factories and farms degrades water quality. Protecting wetlands is essential for environmental health.What is one benefit of wetlands?Causing floods. B. Purifying water. C. Increasing pollution. D. Destroying habitats.47.How do wetlands prevent floods?A. By releasing water quickly. B. By storing excess water.C. By causing droughts. D. By blocking rivers.48.Why are wetlands important for species?A. They provide food and shelter. B. They cause extinction.C. They destroy breeding grounds. D. They pollute water.49.What threatens wetlands?A. Development and pollution. B. Clean water. C. Natural floods. D. Diverse species.50.What's the author's purpose?A. To describe wetland animals. B. To promote wetland protection.C. To discuss flood control. D. To explain water purification.CEarthquake Safety TipsEarthquakes can strike without warning, but preparation can save lives. Before an earthquake, secure heavy furniture to walls and keep an emergency kit with food, water, and first aid supplies.During an earthquake, if indoors, drop to the ground, take cover under a table, and hold on. Avoid windows and heavy objects. If outdoors, move to an open area away from buildings and trees.After an earthquake, check for injuries and damage. Stay away from damaged buildings, as aftershocks may occur. Listen to emergency broadcasts for updates. Do not use elevators if buildings are damaged.Practicing earthquake drills at home and school is crucial. Knowing what to do in an emergency reduces panic and increases survival rates. Preparedness is the key to staying safe during earthquakes.What should you do before an earthquake?Secure furniture and prepare a kit. Stay near windows.Use elevators. D. Go outdoors.52.What is the "drop, cover, hold on" rule?A. Drop to the ground, cover your head, hold on to a table.B. Drop your kit, cover the door, hold on to windows.C. Drop outside, cover under a tree, hold on to furniture.D. Drop the phone, cover the sink, hold on to the bed.53.Why should you avoid damaged buildings after an earthquake?A. Because of aftershocks. B. Because they are too crowded.C. Because of fires. D. Because of floods.54.What's the purpose of earthquake drills?A. To cause panic. B. To reduce survival rates.C. To prepare for emergencies. D. To damage buildings.55.What's the main topic of the passage?A. Causes of earthquakes. B. Earthquake safety measures.C. Earthquake prediction. D. Aftershock prevention.DThe Great Barrier ReefThe Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, stretching over 2,300 kilometers. It is home to thousands of species, including fish, turtles, and dolphins. Coral reefs provide habitats and protect coasts from storms.However, the reef is facing serious threats. Climate change causes ocean warming, leading to coral bleaching. When water temperatures rise, corals expel algae, turning white and dying. In 2016, a bleaching event killed 29% of the reef's corals.Pollution from farms and cities also harms the reef. Nutrients and chemicals in runoff cause algal blooms, smothering corals. Overfishing disrupts the food chain, affecting species that depend on corals.Efforts to save the reef include reducing carbon emissions and improving water quality. Scientists are also breeding heat-resistant corals. Protecting the Great Barrier Reef is essential for marine biodiversity and coastal communities.How long is the Great Barrier Reef?230 kilometers. B. 2,300 kilometers. C. 23,000 kilometers. D. 230,000 kilometers.57.What causes coral bleaching?A. Cold water. B. Climate change. C. Overfishing. D. Algal blooms.58.What is the result of pollution on the reef?A. Healthy corals. B. Algal blooms. C. Reduced storms. D. More fish.59.What are scientists doing to help?A. Breeding heat-resistant corals. B. Increasing carbon emissions.C. Causing algal blooms. D. Overfishing.60.Why is the reef important?A. It causes storms. B. It protects coasts and supports biodiversity.C. It produces pollution. D. It warms the ocean.六、完形填空（每小题 1 分，共 15 分）The natural world is full of wonders, but also faces challenges. Seasons (61)______ ecosystems, and natural disasters test human resilience.In spring, plants bloom and animals (62)______ from migration. This season brings new life, but (63)______ changes like early springs due to climate change can disrupt cycles.Summer is a time of growth, but (64)______ heatwaves can harm ecosystems. Wetlands (65)______ water and prevent floods, playing a vital role in (66)______ balance.Autumn brings cooler temperatures, but (67)______ can damage crops. Winter brings snow, but heavy (68)______ can cause avalanches.Natural disasters like earthquakes and (69)______ require preparedness. Communities must (70)______ emergency plans and (71)______ drills. Building codes ensure structures (72)______ earthquakes, while early warning systems (73)______ tsunamis.Every season and disaster (74)______ us to respect nature and prepare for challenges. By working together, we can (75)______ the natural world and protect communities.61.A. change B. destroy C. ignore D. harm62.A. leave B. return C. hide D. die63.A. natural B. normal C. unusual D. regular64.A. mild B. extreme C. cool D. warm65.A. waste B. pollute C. store D. drink66.A. ecological B. economic C. social D. political67.A. floods B. typhoons C. droughts D. earthquakes68.A. rain B. snow C. wind D. fog69.A. parties B. drills C. meetings D. tsunamis70.A. ignore B. develop C. forget D. dislike71.A. cancel B. avoid C. conduct D. miss72.A. cause B. withstand C. create D. increase73.A. predict B. stop C. cause D. ignore74.A. teaches B. harms C. destroys D. avoids75.A. damage B. protect C. change D. forget七、书面表达（5 分） The Importance of Protecting Ecosystems写一篇文章，讨论为什么生态系统很重要，以及如何保护它们。包括:1.生态系统在自然界和人类中扮演的角色。2.对生态系统的威胁（如气候变化、污染）。3.个人和政府可以采取的行动来保护他们。至少写80个单词。